FLORIDA STATEWIDE SCIENCE ASSESSMENT (FSSA) REVIEW …€¦ · FLORIDA STATEWIDE SCIENCE ASSESSMENT (FSSA) REVIEW AND PRACTICE GRADE 7 STUDENT BOOKLET DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be

FLORIDA STATEWIDE SCIENCE ASSESSMENT (FSSA) REVIEW AND PRACTICE

GRADE 7 STUDENT BOOKLET

DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=FL-A

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FSSA Review and Practice 1 Table of Contents © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

To the Student ............................................................................. 2

Science Benchmark Reviews SC.7.N.1.1, SC.7.N.1.3, SC.7.N.1.4—Scientific Investigations ...................... 6 SC.7.N.1.2–Replication and Repetition .......................................................... 10 SC.7.N.1.5, SC.7.N.3.2—Representing Data ................................................. 14 SC.7.N.1.6, SC.7.N.1.7, SC.7.N.2.1–Basing Scientific

Explanations on Evidence ........................................................................... 18 SC.7.N.3.1–Theories versus Laws .................................................................. 22 SC.7.E.6.1, SC.7.E.6.5, SC.7.E.6.7—Earth's Layers ...................................... 26 SC.7.E.6.2, SC.7.E.6.6—The Rock Cycle and Human Impact on Earth ........ 31 SC.7.E.6.3, SC.7.E.6.4—Earth's History ........................................................ 36 SC.7.P.10.1–The Electromagnetic Spectrum .................................................. 40 SC.7.P.10.2, SC.7.P.10.3—Properties of Waves ............................................ 44 SC.7.P.11.1, SC.7.P.11.4—Temperature and Heat......................................... 48 SC.7.P.11.2, SC.7.P.11.3—Energy Conversion and Conservation ................ 52 SC.7.L.15.1, SC.7.L.15.2, SC.7.L.15.3—Fossils and Evolution .................... 56 SC.7.L.16.1, SC.7.L.16.2, SC.7.L.16.3—Reproduction and Heredity ........... 60 SC.7.L.17.1, SC.7.L.17.2, SC.7.L.17.3—Energy Transfer in a Food Web .... 65

FSSA Practice Test Instructions–Form A ....................................................................................... 70 Practice Test–Form A ..................................................................................... 71 Answer Sheet–Form A .................................................................................... 79

FSSA Review and Practice 2 To the Student © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Introduction

To the Student This booklet is designed to help you prepare to take the Florida Statewide Science Assessment (FSSA). The table of contents at the beginning of this book shows how the book is organized. The first section of the book contains review material and practice questions that are grouped by topic. Following the review material and practice questions is a practice test. The practice test is followed by an answer sheet for recording your answers for the test.

When you take the FSSA, you will be tested on the designated Science Benchmarks. Each of the Benchmarks that you may be tested on is included in the review and practice section. Reading the short review of each concept, and then answering the practice questions that follow, will be a good way to check your understanding of the material.

Taking the practice test will also help you prepare for the FSSA. The practice test should be similar to the FSSA test that you will take. After taking the practice test, you may find that there are concepts you need to review further.

Test Taking Tips

General Tips • Read the directions carefully before you begin.

• Budget your time based on the number and type of questions. Set aside time to recheck your answers after you're done.

• When using a separate answer sheet, use a ruler or blank sheet of paper as a guide to avoid marking answers on the wrong line.

• If there is no penalty for guessing, it’s better to guess than to leave an answer blank.

• Guess well, not wildly. Try to eliminate one or two answer choices first.

• Read the question fully and carefully. Many students miss the correct answer because they read only part of the question, and choose an answer based on what they think the question is asking.

• In the question stem, note key terms that tell you what to look for in the answer choices: What? When? Where? What NOT? What kind? How many?

If you encounter a question about a key term or vocabulary term that is unfamiliar to you, try to break the word up into word parts. If you know what part of the word means, you may be able to eliminate some answer choices.


Using Images

Tables and Graphs • Read the title.

• Note the units of measure.

• For tables, read row and column headings.

• For graphs, note the data points.

• For graphs, read the axes labels.

• Look for trends and patterns.

Diagrams • Read the title and all labels.

• Do not rely on relative sizes of items to compare size. Look for a scale.

• BEFORE you look at the diagram, read the question all the way through. Look for hints in the question that will tell you what to look at in the diagram.

• AFTER reading the question, read and look through the whole diagram to understand what it illustrates, and what processes or parts are involved.

• Follow numbered steps in order or trace arrows to understand a process.

• Look at the diagram's parts and then see how they work together.

Maps • Read the title, key, place names, and names of other map features.

• Note the scale, compass direction, and location of important features with respect to one another.

Using Reference Sheets • Before beginning the test, look at the reference sheets to see what is included.

• During the test, when a question addresses a topic included on the reference sheet, look at the reference sheet after you read the question.

FSSA Review© Houghton Mifflin

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Name ___________________________________ Date ___________ Benchmark Review SC.7.N.3.1

FSSA Review and Practice 22 Benchmark Review © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

SC.7.N.3.1 Recognize and explain the difference between theories and laws and give several examples of scientific theories and the evidence that supports them.

Theories versus Laws

Nature of Scientific Knowledge You may think that what you find out in

science is accepted by everyone and unchanging. That is not always true. The “facts” of science are simply the most widely accepted explanations. Scientific knowledge is and probably always will be changing. To understand the nature of scientific knowledge, you must understand how scientists use certain words. Law and theory are two familiar words that have very specific scientific meanings.

Defining Laws A scientific law is a description of a specific

relationship under given conditions in the natural world. Scientific laws describe the way the world works. They are scientific principles that work without exception to predict or explain nature under specific conditions.

Laws are typically statements, which can be written as mathematical equations. The law of conservation of energy states that energy in a system can neither be created nor destroyed. This is fairly easy to understand conceptually. Another example of a law is Boyle’s law, which states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. Boyle’s law can be written mathematically as pV = C, meaning that the pressure of a gas multiplied by its volume will always give the same value (the constant C).

Even though law may sound better established or more concrete than theory, laws are still subject to change. Newton’s law of gravitation, for example, was considered to be complete until Einstein introduced his theory of relativity.

Defining Theories While laws describe what happens, scientific

theories attempt to explain how things happen. A scientific theory is an explanation supported by a large body of evidence. Theories can be used to help us understand the laws we observe. Most scientists agree theories are the best explanations based on what we know now.

Theories are based on lots of evidence and are widely accepted. A theory, though, is subject to change and improvement. Theories are continuously investigated with new questions and subjected to testing against new evidence. Scientists recognize that theories are incomplete. Still, theoretical knowledge is complete enough to allow human beings to understand, predict, and manipulate the natural world.

The kinetic theory of gases for example, can explain Boyle’s law. The kinetic theory describes a gas as being composed of quickly moving particles. The particles of gas constantly bounce off of the walls of the container they occupy. The pressure of the gas increases the more frequently the particles bounce off the sides of the container.

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution The scientific theory of evolution is another

example of a theory. Evolution is the process in

which inherited characteristics within a population

change over generations, sometimes giving rise to

new species. When Charles Darwin first wrote

about evolution by natural selection, he did not

know about the laws of inheritance or the

molecular basis of traits.



As scientists have learned more about these

two fields of study, they have improved upon

Darwin’s explanation for how species change over

time.

Much of the evidence supporting the

scientific theory of evolution comes from the fossil

record. As paleontologists have uncovered more

fossils, a more complete set of data has become

available, allowing scientists to revise the theory

of evolution. For example, fossil evidence of an

aquatic organism named Tiktaalik, supported that

it had both fish and amphibian characteristics and

evolved from fish ancestors. Today, scientists

understand that there are many intricacies in how

species evolve, and not all scientists agree on

exactly how evolution occurs. Nearly all scientists

agree, though, that the theory of evolution

accurately explains how new species have

appeared on Earth over time.

Student-Response Activity

What is one example of a theory or law and how did scientists gain evidence to support it?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Why is it important to understand how scientists use the words law and theory?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________



Diego states that he has a scientific theory on why people yawn. How is he using the word theory incorrectly in a scientific context?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

How is a scientific law different from a scientific theory?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________



Benchmark Assessment SC.7.N.3.1

Fill in the letter of the best choice.

Which is an example of a scientific theory?

A scientist explains that the area of a

rectangle is proportional to the width times the length, or A = wl.

A scientist explains that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass times the acceleration, or F = ma.

A scientist thinks a purple moth and butterfly are the same species because they look alike.

Scientists agree that Earth’s axis is tilted. This explains why there are seasons.

Which is an example of a scientific law?

Leo sees a group of individuals get sick after drinking water near his town, and he concludes that all the water in the area is contaminated.

Scientists agree it requires energy to break down food, this explains why your body temperature changes when you are digesting food.

Scientists agree that in asexual reproduction, 100% of the DNA from the parent is transferred to the offspring.

Scientists agree that polar bears would not do well in a desert environment because their bodies are designed to keep heat in.

How do theories and laws relate?

Laws and theories are the same

concept.

Laws are used to help us understand

the theories we observe.

Theories and laws are used to contradict each other.

Theories can be used to help us understand the laws we observe.

Which is a drawback of theories?

Few scientists take theories seriously.

They are never tested.

They are subject to change and are still incomplete.

They have little support backing them.

An architect needs to know how much mass a material can withstand before it cracks, to use it as the base of a five-story building she is designing. She uses a proven formula to calculate the amount of material needed and mass it can withstand. Which best describes how the architect can know the right amount of mass?

She uses a law, because it is a proven formula.

She uses a law, because the calculations are based on evidence.

She uses a theory and law, because it is a real world problem.

She uses a theory, because she can explain the effects of force and mass on materials.

Name ____


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___ Date ___

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SC.7.E.6

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___ Date ___

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___ Date ___

32

k

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o support life.

ty and prone t

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other vegetat

tation. Loggi

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eas of open la

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small areas o

ople live in a

in a square km

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ng for

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Air and WThe co

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on is the proce

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ess by which

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___ Date ___

33

to wa

use i

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Benchmark

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Review .7.E.6.6

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34

metamorphic

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h? Explain yo

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Review .7.E.6.6

k Review

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rocks change

sediment

sediment is

another.

water, wind,

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___ Date ___

35

C.7.E.6.2,

s

e

_________

, SC.7.E.

Which way

changes in r

It can

surfac

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Review .7.E.6.6

k Review

n cause

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SC.7.E.6.3law of supephysical evto natural p

Earth’s AgScienti

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This happens

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much that

layers.

___ Date ___

36

uring the ageC.7.E.6.4 Exthat Earth ha

h’s Histo

Rela

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Review .7.E.6.4

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metric dating

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be used to

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Instead,

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done on

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___ Date ___

37

.

Evo

they

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and q

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Review .7.E.6.4

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___________

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38

d to determin

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and absolute

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Review .7.E.6.4

k Review

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age of only

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___ Date ___

39

C.7.E.6.3

_________

3, SC.7.

Which is a

It doe

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Name ___________________________________ Date ___________ Benchmark Review SC.7.P.10.1


SC.7.P.10.1 Illustrate that the Sun’s energy arrives as radiation with a wide range of wavelengths, including infrared, visible, and ultraviolet, and that white light is made up of a spectrum of many different colors.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radiation from the Sun Light is a type of energy that travels as a

wave, but light is different from other types of waves. Light waves are vibrating electric and magnetic fields moving through space that transfer energy. When an electrically charged particle vibrates, its fields also vibrate, producing an electromagnetic (EM) wave. This vibration carries energy released by the original vibration of the particle. Radiation is energy that has been transmitted by waves or particles, so this transfer of energy is called EM radiation.

Most electromagnetic waves Earth receives from the sun are infrared light, ultraviolet light, and visible light. When you are out in the sun and feel warm, you feel infrared light from the sun as heat. You might wear sunglasses outside to protect your eyes from ultraviolet light. Too much exposure to ultraviolet light can damage cells.

The Color of Light Light comes in many colors, from red to

violet. Like all waves, light has wavelengths. Our eyes interpret different wavelengths of light as different colors. The shortest wavelengths are seen as violet, and the longest ones are seen as red. Even the longest wavelengths we can see are still very small—less than one ten-thousandth of a centimeter.

We perceive white light when we see all the wavelengths of light at once, in equal proportions. A prism can split white light into its component colors, separating the colors by wavelength. When it rains, drops of water act like tiny prisms, splitting white light into various wavelengths.

When this happens, you see a rainbow in the sky consisting of all the colors of the visible spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum EM waves are measured by frequency or

by wavelength. The light waves we see are EM waves. However, visible light represents only a very small part of the range of frequencies (or wavelengths) that an EM wave can have. This range is called the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. These other EM waves are the same type of wave as the light we are used to. They are just different frequencies. Two parts of the spectrum are close to visible light. Infrared, or IR, light has slightly longer wavelengths than red light. Ultraviolet, or UV, light has slightly shorter wavelengths than violet light.

People use forms of light across the

electromagnetic spectrum for different functions. Satellites in space can detect electromagnetic radiation from objects and use this to create images. When you listen to the radio, radio waves are transmitting the sound you hear. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths. They are used to broadcast many signals, including radio,



television, and alarm systems. Microwaves, which are not the shortest EM waves, heat food quickly and are used in cellular phones. We feel infrared light as heat. Infrared imaging can locate objects that emit heat by creating a thermogram, which is a visual representation of temperature.

Doctors can use ultraviolet light to sterilize medical equipment, x-rays to make images of a person’s bones, and gamma rays to treat some forms of cancer.

Radiation from the Sun Between the sun and us lies Earth’s

atmosphere. In order to see anything, some of the

sun’s light must make it through the atmosphere.

However, not all wavelengths of light penetrate

the atmosphere equally. The atmosphere blocks

most of the higher-frequency radiation, such as x-

rays and gamma rays, from reaching us at the

ground level, while allowing most of the visible

light to reach us.

There is a “window” of radio frequencies that are

barely blocked at all. Radio and visible light

penetrate all the way to the ground. Most

ultraviolet light is blocked high in the atmosphere.

The atmosphere blocks much of the sun’s

radiation, but not all. Some EM radiation can be

dangerous to humans, so we take extra steps to

protect ourselves. Receiving too much ultraviolet

(UV) radiation can cause sunburn, skin cancer, or

damage to the eyes, so we wear sunscreen and

wear UV-blocking sunglasses to protect us from

the UV light that passes through the atmosphere.

You need this protection even on overcast days

because UV light can travel through clouds.

Outer space is often thought of as being

cold, but despite this, one of the biggest dangers to

astronauts is from overheating! Outside of Earth’s

protective atmosphere, the level of dangerous

EM radiation is much higher. Also, in the vacuum

of space, it is much harder to dispose of any

unwanted energy, because there is no surrounding

matter (such as air) to absorb the extra energy.

Astronauts need extra protection from EM

radiation in space. This is why astronauts’

helmets are made to be highly reflective, using a

thin layer of pure gold to reflect back unwanted

EM radiation.




List, in order from longest to shortest wavelength, the different colors of the visible portion

of the EM spectrum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

What type of EM waves do doctors use to take a picture of your bones?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Complete the Venn diagram to compare and contrast radio waves and infrared radiation.

When you go outside and wear sunglasses, what type of radiation are you protecting your eyes from?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Why do astronauts need to be concerned about EM waves in outer space?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Radio waves Infrared Both



Benchmark Assessment SC.7.P.10.1


Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

microwaves

radio waves

ultraviolet light

visible light

What happens to frequency as wavelength increases across the electromagnetic spectrum?

Frequency and wavelength are not related.

Frequency decreases.

Frequency increases.

Frequency stays the same.

Which type of EM radiation is felt as heat?

infrared

microwaves

radio waves

ultraviolet

Examine the image shown below.

What can you infer about the radiation in the right side of this spectrum?

The radiation has a very high frequency compared to other radiation.

The radiation is not emitted by the sun.

The radiation is used to transmit sound.

The radiation is visible.

Which statement is not true about light?

All types of light waves have the same wavelength.

Light waves are vibrating electric and magnetic fields.

Light waves can transfer energy.

Visible light comes in many colors.

NName _____


SC.7.P.10.SC.7.P.10.speeds in d

Light PassLight t

light encounthrough the can transmitthat transmiand some tyObjects canmaterials. Ba medium, tof the light.

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ses Throughtravels througnters a materimaterial, or tt all, some, orits light is tranypes of glass an be seen clearBut when lightthe medium c

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nd explain the that light wterials.

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___ Date ___

44

be reflected, d waves, and

ies of W

travefromwhenillusiglass

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refracted, and other wave

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m the lower pan it passes intion that the bs is disconnec

Refraction isave enters a ned depends onugh a glass prelengths chan

h longer wavet into a spectr

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nd/or absorbees move at di

flected by the ht line to your art of the strawto air. It refraottom part of

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n wavelength.rism, the lightnge direction mlengths. So, a

rum of colors.

bsorb or Referials do not lstead they reflany materials,re opaque.

enters a materis absorbed. Anergy to mattears opaque.

bsorption is noaque.

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ed. ifferent

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w changes dircts, causing th

f the straw in top part.

hange in speeIn glass, light When light pt waves with more than waa prism separa.

flect Light let any light p

flect light, abs such as woo

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does light rection he a water

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ct can

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parent or opa

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___ Date ___

45

trans

some

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smit some or

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all of the colo

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Benchmark

ors of light, re

absorb some o

n object is ght reflected bkin absorbs mst of the greenn of the frog, o the frog appevery color apevery color ap

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Review .7.P.10.3

k Review

eflect

or all of

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pears ppears ppears

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Emma

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does t

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tch of what h

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happens to lig

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e draws a diag

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colors of ligh

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___ Date ___

46

ht as it moves

as it enters the

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gram to show

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Benchmark

o a tank of wa

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ater.

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mark A

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h color of lighng through a p

blue

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orange

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term applies hrough?

cloudy

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___ Date ___

47

C.7.P.10

_________

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Which stateof light?

It trav

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A student pnotices that photo belowthe image o

absorp

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7.P.10.3

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vels fastest in

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Benchmark

about the spe

air.

a vacuum.

est in glass.

est in water.

n a glass of waent as shown ihavior is shown the glass of w

Review .7.P.10.3

k Review

eed

ater and in the

wn in water?

NName _____


SC.7.P.11.temperaturflows in prtemperatur

Kinetic ThAll ma

particles arelook as if thstates that aare constantare in motiothe particlesthey have.

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netic theory oarticles in sol

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e that addingnd possibly aays, moving

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atter up of atoms. T

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of matter are fferent directimotion is ranl particles of metic energy. Te particles tak

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lid, such as co

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oncrete, are

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around and

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high speeds.

, but

ch.

___ Date ___

48

removing hestate. SC.7.Per objects to

ature and

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kinetIn a In a You a greTherCelctempenergtherm

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eat from a syP.11.4 Obsero cooler ones

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tic energy of colder liquid,warmer liquidknow that th

eater kinetic ere are three cocius, Fahrenheperature scalegy of particlemometer is us

ermal EnergTemperature

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BSC.

ystem may rerve and descrs until they r

y and Tempere is a measurall the particl, the particlesd, the particle

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gy, Temperae and thermal . Temperaturenergy of the pthe total kine

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Review .7.P.11.4

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two objects aontact, energyject that has that has the lowof heat alway

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at different temy is always trthe higher temwer temperatuys flows from

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food cool is re placing theulated cooler e ice, cause it l.

substance l energy. rmal energy

Activity

it measured?

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___ Date ___

49

e

and tsubsprop

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temperature. tance. Heat is

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Benchmark

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ed to a block

___________

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___________

___________

___________

___ Date ___

50

es of water all

____________

____________

s when heat is

____________

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of ice?

____________

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al energy of w

____________

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l at 30°C. Wh

___________

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___________

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BSC.

hich sample h

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___________

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Benchmark

as the greates

____________

____________

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pot on the sto

____________

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k Review

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______

______

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______

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______

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__________


mark A

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happens wheid?

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h statement aby is true?

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h statement ab

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___ Date ___

51

C.7.P.11

r

_________

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Which transmovement cfrom a syste

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Name ___________________________________ Date ___________ Benchmark Review SC.7.P.11.2, SC.7.P.11.3


SC.7.P.11.2 Investigate and describe the transformation of energy from one form to another. SC.7.P.11.3 Cite evidence to explain that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another.

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Forms of Energy Energy is the ability to cause change and do

work. Energy is measured in joules (J). Energy can come in many different forms. Mechanical energy is the amount of work an object can do because of the object’s kinetic (motion) and potential (stored) energies. Mechanical energy can be all potential energy, all kinetic energy, or some of each. The mechanical energy of an object remains the same unless it transfers some of its energy to another object. But even if the mechanical energy of an object stays the same, the potential energy or kinetic energy it has can increase or decrease.

Other forms of energy include thermal, chemical, electrical, sound, light, and nuclear energy. Thermal energy is all of the kinetic energy due to the random motion of the particles that make up an object. Thermal energy also depends on the number of particles. Water, in the form of steam, has a higher temperature than water in a lake does. But the lake has more thermal energy because the lake has more water particles.

Chemical energy is the energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged. Chemical energy is a form of potential energy because it depends on the position and arrangement of the atoms in a compound.

Electrical energy is the energy of moving electrons. The electrical energy used in your home comes from power plants. Huge generators turn magnets inside loops of wire. The changing position of a magnet makes electrical energy run

through the wire and along the wires from the power plants to electrical weigh stations to your home. This electrical energy is stored as potential energy until you use it to run your electrical appliances.



Sound energy is caused by an object’s vibrations. When you stretch a guitar string, the string stores potential energy. When you let the string go, this potential energy is turned into kinetic energy, which makes the string vibrate. The string also transmits some of this kinetic energy to the air around it. The air particles also vibrate and transmit this energy in the form of a wave to your ear. When the sound energy reaches your ear, you hear the sound of the guitar. Sound waves need a medium, such as air or wood, to travel through.

Electromagnetic energy is produced by the

vibrations of electrically charged particles. It is transmitted in the form of an electromagnetic wave. Visible light is a type of electromagnetic energy. Other types include x-rays, ultraviolet light, and infrared light. The vibrations that transmit light energy do not need to be carried through matter. In fact, electromagnetic waves can move through a vacuum where there is no matter.

Energy Transformation Energy transformation takes place when

energy changes from one form into another form. Any form of energy can change into any other form of energy. Often, one form of energy changes into more than one form. For example, when you rub your hands together, you hear a sound and your hands get warm. The kinetic energy of your moving hands transforms into both sound energy and thermal energy.

Another example of an energy transformation is when chemical energy is converted in the body. Why is eating breakfast so important? Eating breakfast gives your body the energy needed to help you start your day. Your chemical potential energy comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down the components of the food to access the energy contained in them. This energy changes to the kinetic energy in your muscles. Some of the chemical energy converts to thermal energy that allows your body to stay warm.

Energy is Conserved in Transformations A closed system is a group of objects that

transfer energy only to one another. For example, a roller coaster can be considered a closed system if it includes everything involved, such as the track, the cars, and the air around them. Energy is conserved in all closed systems. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change form. All of the different forms of energy in a closed system always add up to the same total amount of energy. It does not matter how many energy conversions take place.

For example, on a roller coaster some mechanical energy gets transformed into sound and thermal energy as it goes down a hill. The total of the coaster’s reduced mechanical energy at the bottom of the hill, the increased thermal energy, and the sound energy, is the same amount of energy as the original amount of mechanical energy. In other words, total energy is conserved.




What is mechanical energy?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Television remote controls use infrared light to send a signal. What type of energy is infrared light?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Describe the energy transfer that happens when you plug in a blender.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Explain why you hear a sound when you rub your hands together.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Complete the Venn diagram to compare and contrast sound energy and electromagnetic energy.

Sound Energy Both Electromagnetic Energy



Benchmark Assessment SC.7.P.11.2, SC.7.P.11.3


Which item converts electrical energy into thermal energy?

burning log

microwave

plant

radio

Which type of energy do the compounds in the food we eat contain?

chemical energy

electromagnetic energy

kinetic energy

thermal energy

Which type of energy causes your eardrum to vibrate?

chemical

electrical

sound

thermal

Which statement is true about energy in a flashlight?

Chemical energy is converted to electrical energy.

Energy is not conserved during energy transformations.

Energy is not transformed in a flashlight.

Light energy that is produced cannot travel in the air.

Which statement about the law of conservation of energy is true?

Chemical energy is conserved, but light energy is destroyed.

Energy is always conserved as long as the system is closed.

Energy is only conserved for two transformations within a system.

Potential energy is conserved, but kinetic energy is destroyed.

NName _____


SC.7.L.15.living thingrecognizingevolution bof evolutiomay contri

Theory of Life fir

years ago. Tsimple and vand becameby which pocalled evoluan ancestorspecies overnew speciesolder specieof evolution

The schow differenscientific thwas first proNatural selthat inherit amore succesThere are foprocess—ovselection, an

MechanismOverpr

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__________


.1 Recognizegs evolved frg and explaiby natural seon by relatingibute to the e

Evolution brst appeared oThe earliest lifvery small. O

e more and moopulations graution. An earl, may give risr time. As pops form. Thus, es. This idea in. ientific theorynt species hav

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n a species thces in traits. Grom parent toakes place an

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e that fossil from earlier sining ways inelection and g how the inextinction of

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by Natural Son Earth nearlfe forms on E

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y of evolutionve appeared oution by natur59, by Charleprocess by ws traits tend tohe other organs of the naturan, genetic varin.

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will be likely t

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__________

evidence is species. SC.n which gendiversity of

nability of a sf the species.

Fossils a

Selection ly 4 billion

Earth were veranisms changThe process

ge over time ispecies, calledew descendenange over timees descend frocientific theo

n explains over time. Theral selection s Darwin.

which organismo reproduce nisms do. al selection iation,

n ore organismsonment. A ands of eggs, to survive

ural variationations can be ometimes a enetic materia

___ Date ___

56

consistent w7.L.15.2 Ex

netic variatioorganisms. Sspecies to ad.

and Evo

ry ged

is d nt e, om ry

e

ms

ns,

al.

WvariatiThe mmore ltraits thchange

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Aa specienvirobeaks Other organiOver tspreadpopula

_________

with the scienxplore the scin and enviroSC.7.L.15.3dapt within i

olution

With each newons may be in

more genetic vlikely it is thahat will be ades.

election happare more likelduce. Some orraits that helpnment. Thesee to pass on thext generationd the previousnment changesms survive mns, the trait hacommon in th

Adaptations aries survive annment. Someand feet showadaptations csm find food,ime, adaptatio

d through a poations are bett

BSC.

ntific theory ientific theoronmental fac3 Explore thein a changing

w generation, ntroduced intariation a pop

at some individvantageous i

pens when orgly to survive lrganisms in a p them survivee organisms aheir genes to n will have ths generation sues, the genes may change aas been “seleche next genera

re genetic varnd reproduce e adaptations, wn on the nexan be behavio, protect itselfons that help

opulation. Whter able to sur

Benchmark R7.L.15.1, SC.

SC.7.L.15

Benchmark

of evolutionry of evolutictors contribe scientific thg environme

new genetic o a populatiopulation has, tiduals might hf the environm

ganisms with long enough tpopulation me in a particul

are most likelythe next gene

he same traits urvive. If the and traits tha

as well. Whencted” or becoation of offspr

riations that hin a particulasuch as the b

xt page, are phors that help af, or reproducorganisms su

hen this happervive.

Review .7.L.15.2, 5.3

k Review

n that ion by ute to heory ent

n. the have ment

certain to

may lar y to eration. that

at help n this mes ring.

elp ar bird hysical. an ce. urvive ens,

NName _____


ExtinctionWhat h

changes afteThe environcould happeconditions ca particular survive. Butthat help theenvironmenExtinction have died. Closs of habitcan limit theto extinction

Fossil RecScienti

because it isevidence is life in FloridWe know ththings left bremains or iAll the fossithe fossil re

In Floryears are macompletely include sheland a whalefound in roc25 million ymost of thesabout 10,00

__________


n happens whener a species hnmental changen suddenly. Ccan affect the trait. At first,t, if no indiviem survive annt, the speciesis when all th

Competition, tat are enviroe growth of pn.

cord ists accept thes supported byfound in fossda was very dhis because mbehind fossilsimprints of orils that have b

ecord.

rida, all fossilarine fossils, covered by olls, corals, seae. In Florida, fcks and sedimyears ago. These land anima

00 years ago.

___________

e Company

n an environmhas adapted toge could be gChanges in ensurvival of in

, the species mduals are bornnd reproduce s will becomehe members onew predatornmental press

populations an

e theory of evy evidence. S

sils. Millions different than

millions of yea. Fossils are trganisms that been discover

ls older than 2because Floricean water. Ta urchins, shafossils of land

ments date bace fossil record

als became ex

__________

ment o it? radual, or it nvironmental ndividuals wimay be able ton with traits in the change extinct.

of a species rs, and the sures that nd could lead

volution Some of the of years ago, it is today.

ars ago living the mineralizelived long ag

red make up

25 million ida was

These fossils arks, sea turtled animals ck to about d indicates th

xtinct in Florid

___ Date ___

57

ith o

ed

ed go.

es,

hat da

Mspeciesbe founto orgaconclusimilarwith th

LivingM

evidenshare arecent have e

Srelatedtoday'sfunctiothe orgstudieddifferesharksand prof extiand lantransitisimilarwhaleshoofedEvidenstructuevolve

_________

Many fossils ths. While no mnd alive, mananisms that aruded that thesr living ones. he scientific th

g Records Many scientifince that modean ancestor. Aspecies fromvolved.

Mode

cientists haved also share sts organisms thon may have bganism’s anced the characteent from other, whales breaoduce milk. Sinct species wnd mammals.ional character to the DNA s have tiny hipd-mammal annce collected ures support thed from hoofe

BSC.

hat people finmembers of anny extinct spere alive todaye extinct orgaTheir conclu

heory of evol

ic fields of sturn species an

A common anm which two d

ern Whale Sk

e found that otructural traitshat may be rebeen completestor. For exaeristics of whar ocean animaathe air, give bScientists hav

with features in These featurers. The DNAof hoofed map bones left o

ncestors, like tfrom fossils, he hypothesised mammals t


SC.7.L.15

Benchmark

nd are from exn extinct spececies are very y. Scientists haanisms are relusions are conlution.

udy provide d extinct spec

ncestor is the mdifferent speci

keleton

organisms thats. Structures ieduced in sizete and functioample, scientiales that madals. Unlike fisbirth to live y

ve examined fn between whres are called A of whales isammals. Somover from theithose shown aDNA, and

s that modernthat lived on l

Review .7.L.15.2, 5.3

k Review

xtinct cies can similar ave lated to nsistent

cies most ies

t are in e or in onal in sts

de them sh and

young, fossils hales

s very me

ir above.

n whales land.

NName _____


Studen

Descr

Organis

Venus f

frog

bird

butterfly

How c

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nt-Resp

ribe how each

sm

flytrap

y

can natural se

____________

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are two ways

____________

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ose you are a ypothesize sh

____________

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are two types

____________

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e Company

ponse A

h adaptation h

Adaptatio

trap helps c

skin looks

male has la

long tongu

election accou

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val of a speci

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s a fish is adap

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scientist examhare a commo

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s of evidence

___________

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Activity

helps the spec

n

catch prey

like a dead le

arge red throa

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unt for the lon

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ies impacted

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pted to its env

___________

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mining the DNon ancestor. W

___________

___________

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that suggest

___________

___________

___________

___________

___ Date ___

58

ies survive an

eaf

at pouch

side flower

ng tongues of

____________

____________

d by the envi

____________

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vironment?

____________

____________

____________

NA sequenceWhat evidence

____________

____________

____________

evolution has

____________

____________

____________

____________

_________

nd/or reprodu

Role in Su

f butterflies?

___________

___________

ironment?

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

of two unknoe would you e

___________

___________

___________

s occurred?

___________

___________

___________

___________

BSC.

uce.

rvival or Rep

___________

___________

___________

___________

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own organismexpect to find

___________

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___________

___________

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SC.7.L.15

Benchmark

production

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

ms that d?

____________

____________

____________

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____________

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____________

Review .7.L.15.2, 5.3

k Review

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

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NName _____


BenchSC.7.L

Fill in the

A sciecats arbats. Tshare why th

Bald ea timesurvivis this

The scby sciof lifeproces

__________


mark AL.15.3

e letter of th

entist observere similar to tThe scientist ca common anhe scientist dr

development

DNA

fossil evidenc

structural dat

eagles might e, but only onves. Which fes an example o

adaptation

genetic varia

overproducti

selection

cientific theorientists as a we on Earth. Wss of evolutio

Populations g

over time.

Populations c

then go extin

Populations gspecies take t

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___________

e Company

Assessm

he best ch

es that the leg the bones in thconcludes thencestor. Whicrew that conc

tal patterns

ce

ta

lay up to fivene hatchling uature of naturof?

tion

on

ry of evolutioway to explain

Which best deson?

gradually cha

change rapidl

nct.

go extinct andtheir place.

change into nvironment cha

__________

ment SC

hoice.

bones of he wings of e two species ch describes clusion?

e eggs at sually ral selection

on is acceptedn the diversityscribes the

ange

ly and

d new

new species anges.

___ Date ___

59

C.7.L.15.

d y

_________

.1, SC.7

This fossil iexists on Ea

What is this

evolu

extinc

natura

overp

Snowshoe hsummers ansummer, thethey grow wwhat this is

adapta

evolu

select

variat

BSC.

7.L.15.2,

is of a speciesarth.

s fossil eviden

ution

ction

al selection

production

hares live in and extreme weir fur is browwhite fur. Wh

an example o

ation

ution

tion

tion


SC.7.L.15

Benchmark

,

s that no long

nce of?

areas with coointers. In the

wn. In the winhich best descof?

Review .7.L.15.2, 5.3

k Review

ger

ol

nter, cribes

NName _____


SC.7.L.16.its traits, theach cell, aSC.7.L.16.squares andpreproduct

From GenEvery

to giant sequEvery cell wthe instructisurvive! Thspecial molesections callproteins. In structures th

Cell DivisiThe lif

growth, reprof a eukaryodivided intocytokinesis.divides intoThe new cel

Cells ninstructionsCells reprodcalled cell dorganisms aFor examplethrough cellcell divisionand repair, a

Duringwrapped aromaterial calDNA is dupstage of cellinto visible duplicated cstructures caeukaryotic c

___________


.1 Understanhat this heredand that here.2 Determined pedigrees. tion requirin

nes to Organorganism, frouoia trees, is

within an orgaions the organe informationecule called Dled genes thathis way, cell

he organism n

ion fe cycle of an roduction, anotic cell, calleo three stages:. During the c two new celllls are identic

need to reprod carried in the

duce themselvdivision. Cell and takes place, single-cellel division. In n is involved as well as rep

g most of a ceound special plled chromatinplicated, or col division, thestructures cal

chromosome called chromacells are held

__________

e Company

nd and expladitary informedity is the pe the probabSC.7.L.16.3

g meiosis an

Rep

nisms om single-cellmade out of canism containnism needs ton in cells is stoDNA. DNA cat tell cells howls can build a

needs to survi

organism incnd death. The ed the cell cyc: interphase, mcell cycle, a pls, called daugcal to the pare

duce to ensureeir DNA can ves through a division happ

ce for differened organisms multicellular in growth, de

production.

ell’s life cycleproteins in a cn. Before cell

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ain that everymation (DNApassage of thbilities for ge3 Compare and asexual re

producti

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contains w to build

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cludes birth, life cycle cle, can be mitosis, and arent cell ghter cells.

ent.

e that the survive. process

pens in all nt reasons. reproduce organisms,

evelopment,

e, DNA is complex l division, n an early s compacted omes. A

wo identical omatids of a centromere.

__ Date ___

60

y organism rA) contains ghese instructienotype and and contrast eproduction

ion and

Aftedividmitounde

Mei

sexuorgagamefemaare dbecachroeachin eahavetwo cellscells

_________

requires a segenes locatedions from onphenotype cthe general requiring mi

Heredity

r all the DNAde into two neosis in eukaryergo a similar

iosis Most eukary

ual reproductioanisms to maketes. Male gaale gametes ardifferent fromause they contmosome, whi

h. For exampleach body cell,e only 23 totalcopies of eac

s. Those with s.

BSC.

t of instructid in the chro

ne generationcombinationprocesses ofitosis.

y

A has been duew cells. This

yotic cells. Pror process calle

Mitosis

yotic organismon. Sexual re

ke specializedametes are calre called egg

m all other celltain only a sinile body cellse, humans ha, or 23 pairs. Hl chromosomh chromosomjust one copy


SC.7.L.16

Benchmark

ions that speomosomes ofn to another.s using Punnf sexual

uplicated, the s process is caokaryotic celled binary fiss

ms reproduce production re

d cells called lled sperm celcells. Gametels in the bodyngle copy of es contain pairsve 46 chromoHuman game

mes each. Cellsme are called dy are called ha

Review .7.L.16.2, 6.3

k Review

ecifies f

nett

cell can alled ls ion.

by equires

lls and es

y each s of osomes etes s with diploid aploid

NName _____


Becaus

body cells, t

them. The p

gametes is c

mitosis, but

extra round

undergoing

cells with a

instead of tw

Heredity When t

organism, a

again have t

copy of each

either paren

traits simila

information

heredity.

About

discovered t

studying pe

experiments

of instructio

Scientists no

traits genes.

the offsprin

of the same

feature,—on

The dif

alleles. Man

recessive. Iftrait it encod

For example

producing d

gene comes

for no dimp

___________


se gametes ar

they require a

process of cell

called meiosist each daughte

of cell divisi

meiosis will

single copy o

wo daughter c

Me

two gametes

ll of the cells

two copies of

h chromosom

nt. The new or

ar to each pare

n from parents

150 years ago

the principles

a plants. Men

s with plants t

ons for each tr

ow call these

. Each parent

g. The offspr

gene for ever

ne from each

fferent forms

ny alleles are

f an allele is d

des will be th

e, consider th

dimples, or cr

in two allele

ples. If you ha

__________

e Company

re different fro

a special proc

l division that

s. Meiosis is

er cell goes th

on. A single c

result in four

of each chrom

cells with two

eiosis

combine to fo

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rganism will t

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o, Gregor Me

s of heredity w

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ave even one c

___________

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cess to make

t forms

similar to

hrough an

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for inherited

t of genes to

two forms

stic, or

e called

ant or

en the

ows up.

nsible for

cheeks. This

mples and one

copy of the

__ Date ___

61

.

s

e

allele

happ

is do

copie

trait.

Pun

notic

tool

a dia

squa

geno

paren

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comb

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h rep

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ratio

_________

e for dimples

pens because t

ominant. An o

es of a recess

.

nnett SquareWhen Grego

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are is a graphi

otypes of offsp

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pring receives

unnett square

binations in th

In the Punne

esents a gene

presents the d

presents the re

nt has two all

heir offspring,

ible. The Pun

binations.

A Punnett sq

ct results of a

are only helps

ain genotype w

hematical cha

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bability can be

o, which is an

BSC.

s, you will hav

the allele for

organism need

sive gene to h

es and Pedigor Mendel stu

are inherited

nding the patte

a Punnett sqic used to pred

pring in a giv

leles for a par

s one allele fr

shows all of

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ett square belo

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dominant allel

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certain cross

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SC.7.L.16

Benchmark

ve dimples. T

producing dim

ds to receive t

ave the reces

grees udied pea plan

d in patterns. O

erns of hered

uare. A Punn

dict the possi

ven cross. Eac

rticular gene.

rom each pare

the possible a

ow, the letter heles. The capit

le, and the low

e. Because ea

y contributes

mbinations ar

hows all poss

ot tell you wha

will be. A Pu

probability th

robability is

cific outcome

possible outc

n the form of

that compares

Review .7.L.16.2, 6.3

k Review

This

mples

two

sive

nts, he

One

ity is

nett

ble

ch

An

ent.

allele

h tal

wercase

ach

one

re

sible

at the

unnett

hat a

the

in

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a

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NName _____


quantities. A

four.” The r

tell you the

get certain a

Anothe

as a percent

compares a

number of t

out of a hun

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patterns of i

occurrence

family. Pedi

such as hair

males, and c

line between

of parents. V

offspring.

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be either rou

almond-shap

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___________


A ratio written

ratios obtaine

probability th

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er way of exp

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inheritance. A

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n as 1:4 is rea

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ominant to th

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nett square

ffspring will

ability is

a ratio that

age states the

ight happen

o study

aces the

ons of a

ited trait—

ree represent

A horizontal

resents a pair

ct parents to

eye shape

yes can

he allele for

he allele for

Activity

compare and

Both

__ Date ___

62

e

r

roun

are s

is ha

allele

If a c

then

Indiv

gene

two

fully

have

patte

contrast the p

_________

nd eyes. Peopl

shown in the p

alf shaded. Ind

es of a gene a

child is hetero

the child wil

viduals with t

e are homozycopies of the

y shaded squa

e round eyes.

ern.

processes of m

Me

BSC.

le who have t

pedigree by a

dividuals with

are heterozygozygous for th

l have almon

two identical

gous for that

recessive alle

are or circle. T

Many other t

mitosis and m

eiosis


SC.7.L.16

Benchmark

two different

a square or cir

h two differen

gous for that g

he recessive a

d-shaped eye

copies of a si

gene. People

ele are shown

These offsprin

traits follow a

meiosis.

Review .7.L.16.2, 6.3

k Review

alleles

rcle that

nt

gene.

allele,

es.

ingle

e with

n by a

ng will

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How m

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rr __

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cells have in c

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offspring from

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__ Date ___

63

omozygous, a

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SC.7.L.16

Benchmark

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Review .7.L.16.2, 6.3

k Review

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ells contain th

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64

C.7.L.16.

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In pea plantyellow peaswhich produplants with produce sompeas. Which

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ts, the allele ws, Y, is dominuces green peyellow peas a

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SC.7.L.16

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Review .7.L.16.2, 6.3

k Review

es ele ea nd green

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SC.7.L.17.and decomthe relationcommensaand their impredation,

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__ Date ____

65

f and relationsfer in a fooutualism, preestigate variing food, she

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SC.7.L.17

Benchmark

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ack to the soil

Review .7.L.17.2, 7.3

k Review

, ontrast d system m,

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example of

and flowers

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some types of

her organism

__ Date ____

66

f

whic

calle

barn

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SC.7.L.17

Benchmark

wo organisms

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host’s body.

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Review .7.L.17.2, 7.3

k Review

in

ted is

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munity, organ

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mbiotic relatio

___________

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__ Date ___

67

sprea

and p

para

redu

that k

poten

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large

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ad out also he

parasites in a

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SC.7.L.17

Benchmark

he spread of d

Disease and

ng factors by

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Review .7.L.17.2, 7.3

k Review

disease

factor

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__ Date ___

68

ovides energy

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SC.7.L.17

Benchmark

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____________

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disappear?

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Review .7.L.17.2, 7.3

k Review

ch

______

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e letter of th

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iosis occurs w

sociation. Sym

mmensal, mu

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web diagram.

bes a relations

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__ Date ___

69

C.7.L.17.

d

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.1, SC.7

Which best

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10 years. H

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7.L.17.2,

t describes a p

uirrel stores ac

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ss of a deer. ne tree absorbserts it to food.i absorb nutrienvironment.

food web dia

t likely repre

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lations for wh

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SC.7.L.17

Benchmark

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producer?

corns away to

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k Review

o eat

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examine the he physicist wod?

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mass of a kittebe the best schen making a

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2,79

2,85

2,92

3,12

ts of 10

ts of 500

n units of 50

n units of 100

arch laboratorvery. Howevto reproduce

Which is the mfaulty results?

nnounced to t

are based on

ion was not ac

do not have a

___________

characteristicwill most like

roup of people

eldwork in a

boratory

rvations of an

en in the tablecale to use for

line graph of

(g)

60

90

50

20

20

0

ry reports er, other the results

most likely

the public.

multiple trial

ccurate or

as sophisticate

____ Date _

71

cs ely

e.

n

e r f

ls.

ed

4 Steantemfashygasamthebevaof

F

G

H

I

5 Kascibepo

Or

A

B

C

D

___________

eve uses ballond contractionmperatures. Hster at higher

ypothesis that ases expand. Hme amount ofe temperaturelow, which d

ariable changef the independ

The numbehigher temp

The numbehigher temp

Gas particleat higher te

Gas particlecloser toget

athleen made ientific know

est describes woint indicated

riginal idea + n

debate the c

change the

propose a la

form an opi

_ F

P

oons to investn of gases at dHe knows that

temperaturesfaster particl

He fills three bf gas. The ind

e of the gas. Bdescribes howes as a result odent variable?

er of gas particperatures.

er of gas particperatures.

es move fastemperatures.

es move morether at higher

the diagram bwledge change

what scientistby the blank?

new data __

change

data

aw

inion

FSSA Practic

Practice Test—

tigate the expdifferent t particles mos. He develope motion makballoons withdependent varBased on the f

w the dependenof the manipu

cles increases

cles decrease

er and farther

e slowly and gr temperatures

below to showes over time. Wts would do at?

_?__ modif

e Test

—Form A

pansion

ove s the kes h the riable is figure nt ulation

s at

s at

apart

get s.

w how Which t the

fied idea

Name ___


6 Earth’s layers–tis one d

F One

G One

H One

I One

7 Volcanoboundarplate bo

A

B

C

D

8 Declan beach. Tit appeaconcludWhich b

F the

G the

H the

I the

___________


core is compthe inner core

difference betw

e is iron and o

e is iron and o

e is liquid and

e is solid and

oes often formries. Which re

oundary?

observed a roThe rock felt ared to be madded that the robest supports

yellow color

hardness of t

layers within

location whe

__________

e Company

osed of two se and the outeween these tw

one is nickel.

one is zinc.

d one is gas.

one is liquid.

m at convergeepresents a co

ock that he fohard, it was yde of layers. Dock was sedims this conclusi

he rock

n the rock

re the rock w

___________

separate er core. What wo layers?

.

ent plate onvergent

und at the yellow, and Declan

mentary. ion?

was found

____ Date _

72

9 Er

sedEracco

A

B

C

D

10 Thartbe

Wan

F

G

H

I

___________

rosion is the pdiment are mrosion takes pcelerated by hntributes leas

urban spraw

planting tre

surface min

improper pl

he town of Witificial body olow, will stor

Which could cand lead to heal

a water trea

increase in

use of nont

water stewa

_ F

P

process by whoved from on

place naturallyhuman activitst to land eros

wl

ees

ning

lowing of fur

inchester receof water. Thisre drinking w

ause contaminlth-related pro

atment facility

fertilizer use

oxic chemica

ardship

FSSA Practic

Practice Test—

hich soil and ne place to any, but it can bty. Which sion?

rrows

ently built an s reservoir, shater for the to

nation of the woblems?

y

als

e Test

—Form A

nother. e

hown own.

water

Name ___


11 A team to underin the pshow wspecime

What w

A ice

B surf

C sea-

D foss

12 Which tchangeschanges

F foss

G mov

H ripp

I com

___________


of scientists irstand how East. The black

where this teamens.

were these scie

cores

face landform

-floor sedime

sils preserved

type of evidens in species ovs in Earth’s su

sil record

vement of con

ple marks and

mposition of i

__________

e Company

is searching farth’s climatek boxes in them has drilled t

entists drilling

ms

ents

d in amber

nce acts as a rver time and iurface and cli

ntinents

d mud cracks

ce core samp

___________

for specimense has changede figure belowto obtain such

g for?

record of indicates majimate?

les

____ Date _

73

s d w h

or

13 A of stris

A

B

C

D

14 Elwaallfreof

F

G

H

I

15 Thof

W

A

B

C

D

___________

trace fossil inf the organismructure that thnot an examp

burrow in th

coprolite in

footprint in

insect in am

ectromagnetiaves. The elecl electromagnequency and wf an electroma

gravitationa

ocean wave

radio wave

sound wave

he diagram bef the wave are

Which identifie

A

B

C

D

_ F

P

ncludes no phm’s body, but ohe organism leple of a trace

he sea floor

n sediment

n sediment

mber

c energy travctromagnetic

netic waves, awavelength. Wagnetic wave?

al pull

e

e

elow shows a labeled A, B

es the wavelen

FSSA Practic

Practice Test—

hysical remainonly a mark oeft behind. Wfossil?

vels through spspectrum inc

arranged accorWhich is an e?

wave. The feB, C, and D.

ngth?

e Test

—Form A

ns or

Which

pace as cludes rding to xample

eatures

Name ___


16 Jeanine objects.that stri

F whi

G clea

H brig

I blac

17 Sonia taSanjay apressed that seeheard. W

A MoMar

B Partpart

C Soudiff

D Thethey

18 Liang isHow is differenincrease

F The

G The

H The

I The

___________


looks around Which refleckes it?

ite poster boa

ar window gla

ght overhead l

ck constructio

apped one endand Marc listhis ear to themed louder th

Why?

re energy rearc’s ear.

ticles of woodticles of air.

und travels thrferent speeds.

e taps only may did not mak

s warming a pthe motion of

nt after the temes?

ey have less a

ey move faste

ey move less f

ey vibrate and

__________

e Company

d her classroocts almost all

ard

ass

light

on paper

d of a long wotened for the se table and hehan the taps th

ached Sanjay’

d are farther a

rough air and

ade the table vke the air vibr

pot of soup onf the particlesmperature of t

average energy

er on average.

freely.

d are close tog

___________

om at differenof the light

ooden table. sounds. Sanja

eard the taps hat Marc

s ear than

apart than

d wood at

vibrate, rate.

n the stove. s in the soup the soup

y.

gether.

____ Date _

74

nt

ay

19 Camash

20 Thsub

Hoin thesm

F

G

H

I

A

C

___________

alvin shines a aterial, and thows what hap

hese two beakbstance at the

ow does the ththe larger bea

e thermal enemaller beaker?

The liquid ithermal enebeaker.

The liquid ithermal enebeaker.

The liquid iamount of tsmaller bea

The exact vmust be knoenergy of th

_ F

P

thin beam ofhe light refracppens to the li

kers contain the same tempe

hermal energyaker compare

ergy of the liq?

in the larger bergy than the

in the larger bergy than the

in the larger bthermal energaker.

volume of liquown to compahe liquids.

B

D

FSSA Practic

Practice Test—

f light onto a cts. Which besight?

he same liquirature.

y of the liquid

e or contrast wquid in the

beaker has lesliquid in the s

beaker has moliquid in the s

beaker has thegy as the liqui

uid in each beare the therm

e Test

—Form A

st

d

d with

ss smaller

ore smaller

e same id in the

eaker mal

Name ___


21 Ms. Lewtogetherthe soludescribe

A Enether

B Eneto a

C Modest

D Thebee

22 Damon end of aThe strishown i

Which eenergy o

F Theene

G Theno e

H Theene

I Somene

___________


wis is a chemr. A chemical

ution becomeses what has h

ergy has beenrmal energy.

ergy has beenanother.

re energy hastroyed.

e chemical enn destroyed.

is a musiciana song, he pluing moves rapin the figure b

explains whatof the moving

e kinetic energrgy and store

e kinetic energenergy remain

e kinetic energrgy and therm

me of the enerrgy, but the re

__________

e Company

mist mixing twl reaction takes warm. Whic

happened?

n created in th

n transformed

s been created

nergy of the so

n playing in a ucks a single gpidly back andbelow.

t happens to tg string?

gy is changedd.

gy is slowly dns.

gy is convertemal energy.

rgy is convertest is destroy

___________

wo solutions es place, and ch best

he form of

from one for

d than has bee

olution has

band. At the guitar string. d forth as

the kinetic

d into potentia

destroyed unt

ed to sound

ted to sound ed.

____ Date _

75

rm

en

al

til

23 Wa rgeof fin

A

B

C

D

24 AtkaWob

F

G

H

I

25 A timliktheen

A

B

C

D

___________

While exploringrock that has fologist tells H

f years old. Wnd?

It is not a fonot fossils.

It is not a foorganisms a

It is a fossilof the organ

It is a fossilfrom milliobe fossils.

t the zoo, Anyangaroos are o

What characteribserving?

adaptation

evolution

selection

variation

species of rodme, the climatke. Which adae chances tha

nvironment ch

having dark

living abov

being able t

being able tchanged en

_ F

P

g a rock formfootprints preHiroto that the

Which is corre

ossil, because

ossil, becauseare fossils.

l only if Hirotnism in rocks

l because footons of years ag

ya observes thof several sizeistics of popu

dent lives in ate becomes draptation is mot the species w

hanges?

k hair and sm

ve ground in d

to eat only on

to eat plants tnvironment

FSSA Practic

Practice Test—

mation, Hirotoessed into it. Ae rock is millict about Hiro

e footprints ar

e only whole

to finds actuas nearby.

tprints of orggo are consid

hat the red es and colors.ulations is An

a moist forestrier and moreost likely to imwill survive a

all ears

damp areas

ne type of ber

that survive in

e Test

—Form A

o finds A ions

oto’s

re

al parts

anisms dered to

nya

t. Over e desert-mprove as its

rry

n the

Name ___________________________________ Date ___________ FSSA Practice Test

FSSA Review and Practice 76 Practice Test—Form A © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

26 Charles Darwin observed differences in the shapes of the birds’ beaks on the Galápagos Islands. Finches that ate insects had longer, narrower beaks than finches that crushed and ate seeds. Which finch is most likely adapted to eating seeds?

F

G

H

I

27 Delia is teaching her sister about important molecules in the body. She tells her sister that one molecule provides a set of instructions that determines characteristics, such as eye color or hair color. Which is Delia describing?

A DNA

B glucose

C gamete

D spore

28 Examine the Punnett square below. The alleles of one parent are Ss.

Which are the alleles of the second parent?

F SS

G Ss

H ss

I Sr

29 Brandy knows that chromosomes behave differently in meiosis and mitosis. What do chromosomes do in meiosis but not in mitosis?

A The homologous chromosomes form pairs.

B Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

C Each chromosome makes an exact copy of itself.

D Chromosomes condense, becoming visible under a microscope.

30 Which correctly pairs a type of cell with how it could be produced?

F egg cell–meiosis in males

G sperm cell –mitosis in males

H body cell –mitosis in females

I boy cell –meiosis in females

31 Mangrove swamps are found along the southern coasts of Florida. A mangrove swamp contains an ecosystem of many organisms living among the large roots of the mangrove trees. This food web shows some of the relationships in that ecosystem.

Which is a producer in the mangrove swamp?

A bacteria

B heron

C mold

D phytoplankton

Name ___


32 The inteholes thproduceWhich iadapted

F Ant

G Antplan

H Antplan

I Antbelo

33 A compthat useits machplans onestuary.be coolereleasedwould bnew fac

A sun

B salt

C nutr

D tem

34 Ecologidifferencorrect

F comindi

G ecoindi

H ecoindi

I indieco

___________


eriors of somehat ants can live food on theiis not likely a

d to attract ant

ts could pollin

ts could farm nt’s sap.

ts could attacknt.

ts could die, aow the plant.

pany is plannies freshwater phines while thn constructing. The freshwaed back to oud into the estube most affecctory?

light penetrat

levels in the

rient levels in

mperature of th

ical environmnt levels of orgt order from la

mmunity, ecosividual

system, commividual

system, popuividual

ividual, populsystem

__________

e Company

e plants have ve in. These pir leaves that aa reason that sts?

nate the plant

aphids, whic

k invaders tha

adding nutrien

ing to build a pumped fromhey operate. Tg the new factater used by thutside temperauary. Which licted by the bu

tion

water

n the soil

he water

ments can be dganization. Wargest to sma

system, popul

munity, popul

ulation, comm

lation, comm

___________

tunnels and plants may alants like to easome plants a

t’s flowers.

h eat the

at might eat th

nts to the soil

new factory m a river to coThe company tory near an he factory wilatures, and theimiting factor

uilding of this

divided into Which is the

llest?

lation,

lation,

munity,

munity,

____ Date _

77

so at. are

he

ol

ll en r s

35 A eatgraen

A

B

C

D

36 In proorgto budisevo

F

G

H

I

37 Wan

A

B

C

D

38 Jacsisthede

F

G

H

I

___________

group of sheet, the sheep bass, which rel

nergy is stored

chemical en

elastic ener

nuclear ene

thermal ene

the mid 1800ocess called eganisms changeneration. A

ut they acceptescoveries supolution?

empirical ev

hypothesis

law

theory

What generatesnd volcanoes?

the high wi

meteors stri

waves crash

the separatitectonic pla

cob has one oster. He wantsem using theiscribes their a

Their ages a

They are al

The boys h

Jacob is youthan his sist

_ F

P

ep are grazingbreak down thleases energyd in the grass?

nergy

rgy

ergy

ergy

0s, Charles Daevolution. He nged over timAt first, sciented Darwin’s iported it. Wh

vidence

s the forces th

inds during sa

iking Earth’s

hing against t

ion, collision,ates

older brother as to explain reir ages as an eages using rel

are 14, 12, an

ll about the sa

ave different

unger than hiter.

FSSA Practic

Practice Test—

g in a field. Ahe molecules iy. Which form?

arwin describproposed thae from generatists were skeidea when new

hich term desc

hat cause earth

andstorms

surface

the coast

, and moveme

and one younelative datingexample. Whilative dating?

nd 9.

ame age.

ages than the

is brother but

e Test

—Form A

As they in the

m of

bed a at ation

eptical, w cribes

hquakes

ent of

nger g to ich ?

e girl.

older

Name ___


39 Alex stimetal spspoon inthe spooplace?

A Theits t

B Enethe

C Theandbetw

D Thenot

___________


irs his pasta spoon. He walkn the pot. Whon and it is ve

e temperature thermal energ

ergy in the forwarmer pot t

e thermal enerd the spoon inween them.

e average temchange.

__________

e Company

auce on the stks away and

hen he comes ery hot! Whic

of the spoon gy does not ch

rm of heat trao the cooler s

rgy of both thcreased as he

mperature of th

___________

tove with a leaves the back, he grab

ch process too

increased, buhange.

ansferred fromspoon.

he pot of sauceat flowed

he spoon did

____ Date _

78

bs ok

ut

m

ce

40 Thwiposecvis

F

G

H

I

___________

he sun’s energith a wide ranortion of this sction of the elsible light?

the entire sp

the longest

the shortest

the middle

_ F

P

gy arrives on nge of wavelenspectrum is vilectromagnet

pectrum

wavelengths

t wavelengths

wavelengths

FSSA Practic

Practice Test—

Earth as radiangths. Only aisible to us. Wic spectrum i

s

e Test

—Form A

ation a small Which s

Name ___


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920

PLE• Us

• Ex

• Er

___________


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

EASE NOTE se only a no. 2 p

xample:

rase changes C

__________

e Company

pencil.

OMPLETELY.

___________

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

FloAsTeMa

____ Date _

79

orida Statssessmenest—Formark one answe

___________

Prac

tewide Scnt Prepara

m A er for each qu

_ F

ctice Test—Fo

cience ation Prac

uestion.

FSSA Practic

orm A • Answe

ctice

e Test

er Sheet

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