FOCUS/REVIEW 1. What are some general American values? 2. Why might a society’s values change over time?

FOCUS/REVIEWFOCUS/REVIEW

1.1. What are some general What are some general American values?American values?

2.2. Why might a society’s Why might a society’s values change over time?values change over time?

CHAPTER 3

Section 1: The American Value System

Section 2: Social Control

Section 3: Social Change

Cultural Cultural Conformity and Conformity and AdaptationAdaptation

Chapter 3: Section 1Chapter 3: Section 1

The American Value SystemThe American Value System

SECTION 1

Question:What basic values form

the foundation of American culture?


SECTION 1


Traditional American Values

personal achievement individualism work morality and

humanitarianism efficiency and practicality progress and material comfort equality and democracy

Personal AchievementPersonal Achievement::

Can be measured in Can be measured in PowerPower and and WealthWealth..

IndividualismIndividualism

Success comes from Success comes from hard workhard work and and initiativeinitiative..

WorkWork

Discipline, dedication, and work as Discipline, dedication, and work as signs of virtue.signs of virtue.

Morality and Morality and HumanitarianismHumanitarianism::

Place a high value on morality and Place a high value on morality and tend to view the world in terms of tend to view the world in terms of rightright or or wrongwrong..

Efficiency and Efficiency and Practicality:Practicality:

Americans believe that every Americans believe that every problem has a solution.problem has a solution.

Americans judge people on their Americans judge people on their ability to get things done.ability to get things done.

Progress and Material Progress and Material Comfort:Comfort:

Believe through hard work, living Believe through hard work, living standard will standard will improveimprove..

Believe science and technology will Believe science and technology will make a world a more make a world a more comfortablecomfortable place.place.

Equality and Democracy:Equality and Democracy:

““We hold these truths to be self-We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created evident, that all men are created equal.”equal.”

Believe there must be equality of Believe there must be equality of opportunity to have equal chance at opportunity to have equal chance at success.success.

All Americans have the right to All Americans have the right to express their opinions.express their opinions.

FreedomFreedom Freedom of religion, speech, and Freedom of religion, speech, and

press.press.

U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution

Other Core Values:Other Core Values:

Hmmm…what do you Hmmm…what do you think???think???

Other Core Values:Other Core Values:

NationalismNationalism PatriotismPatriotism ScienceScience RationalityRationality Racial & group superiorityRacial & group superiority EducationEducation Religious valuesReligious values Romantic loveRomantic love

Our Changing Values:Our Changing Values:

Some values change and others Some values change and others emergeemerge

EXEX: Leisure, : Leisure, physical fitnessphysical fitness, , youthfulness youthfulness

Self-fulfillment:Self-fulfillment:– Commitment to the full Commitment to the full

development of one’s development of one’s personality, talents, and personality, talents, and potential.potential.

– ““Be all you can be”Be all you can be”

Self-Help BooksSelf-Help Books

Dr. PhilDr. Phil

What do you think about What do you think about Dr. Phil’s Ideas???Dr. Phil’s Ideas???

Do you feel motivated???Do you feel motivated???

What What age groupage group do you think he do you think he portrays his ideas to? portrays his ideas to?

Can Self-fulfillment lead to a Can Self-fulfillment lead to a personality disorder????personality disorder????

Hmmmmmm……Hmmmmmm……

NarcissismNarcissism::

ExtremeExtreme self-centeredness!!! self-centeredness!!!

A Recent American A Recent American ValueValue::

Concern for the Concern for the environmentenvironment

Let’s Go Over HomeworkLet’s Go Over Homework

Pg. 48 (#5)Pg. 48 (#5)

Focus/ReviewFocus/Review

List ways that Charlotte has changed List ways that Charlotte has changed over the past 10 years.over the past 10 years.

Connection to…Connection to…

Social changeSocial change

What are some possible reasons for What are some possible reasons for social change?social change?– Social change is the way a culture Social change is the way a culture

changes over timechanges over time

Please sit in correct seat Please sit in correct seat before you begin to work before you begin to work

on collages!!on collages!!

I will allow I will allow 15 minutes15 minutes to complete to complete collages.collages.

REMEMBERREMEMBER: Do : Do notnot express your express your AmericanAmerican valuevalue UNTIL the class can UNTIL the class can interpret your collage!interpret your collage!

Collage Time!!Collage Time!! Each group will illustrate either a Each group will illustrate either a

traditional American valuetraditional American value or an or an American value that has become a part American value that has become a part of our society in the past 20 years.of our society in the past 20 years.

DirectionsDirections: Find pictures in a : Find pictures in a magazine that relate to your particular magazine that relate to your particular value. Make sure that your entire value. Make sure that your entire piece of paper is covered with piece of paper is covered with examples of your value. Be able to examples of your value. Be able to explain the significance of explain the significance of EACHEACH picture to your class. You will present picture to your class. You will present TODAYTODAY!! (!! (Homework gradeHomework grade))

HomeworkHomework

Write/Type an essay describing how Write/Type an essay describing how you think American values will you think American values will change in the span of your lifetime. change in the span of your lifetime.

RequirementsRequirements::– IntroductionIntroduction: 3-5 sentences : 3-5 sentences

introducing ideaintroducing idea– BodyBody: 10-15 sentences describing : 10-15 sentences describing

views.views.– ConclusionConclusion: 3-5 sentences : 3-5 sentences

summarizing ideassummarizing ideas


Social ControlSocial Control

ObjectivesObjectives::

1.1. How are the norms of society How are the norms of society enforced?enforced?

2. 2. What are the differences What are the differences between between positivepositive and and negativenegative sanctions and between sanctions and between formalformal and and informalinformal sanctions? sanctions?

Internalization of Norms:Internalization of Norms:

InternalizationInternalization: the process by : the process by which a norm becomes a part of an which a norm becomes a part of an individuals personality, thus individuals personality, thus conditioning that individual to conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations.conform to society’s expectations.

– EX:EX: Stopping at a Stopping at a redred light light

SanctionsSanctions::

Positive SanctionsPositive Sanctions Negative SanctionsNegative Sanctions Formal SanctionsFormal Sanctions Informal SanctionsInformal Sanctions

What is a sanction???What is a sanction???::– Rewards or punishments used to Rewards or punishments used to

enforce conformity to normsenforce conformity to norms

SanctionsSanctions::

Positive SanctionsPositive Sanctions::– An action that rewards a particular kind An action that rewards a particular kind

of behaviorof behavior..– EXEX: Parents praising their children for : Parents praising their children for

good behavior.good behavior.– EXEX: Ribbons, badges, and awards are : Ribbons, badges, and awards are

used to reward and encourage used to reward and encourage conformity to society’s norms.conformity to society’s norms.

Negative Sanctions:Negative Sanctions:

Negative SanctionsNegative Sanctions::– A punishment or the threat of A punishment or the threat of

punishment used to enforce conformity.punishment used to enforce conformity.– EXEX: : Frown, ridicule, and rejection, fines, Frown, ridicule, and rejection, fines,

imprisonment, and even death!!!imprisonment, and even death!!!

– The The moremore important the norm important the norm is to social stability, the is to social stability, the more serious the negative sanction. serious the negative sanction.

Formal SanctionsFormal Sanctions::

Formal SanctionFormal Sanction: : – A reward or punishment given by a A reward or punishment given by a

formal organization or regulatory formal organization or regulatory agency, such as a agency, such as a schoolschool, business, or , business, or government.government.

– Two typesTwo types:: NegativeNegative formal sanction formal sanction PositivePositive formal sanction formal sanction

Negative Formal Negative Formal Sanctions:Sanctions:

LowLow grades grades Suspension from schoolSuspension from school Termination from jobTermination from job FinesFines ImprisonmentImprisonment

Positive Formal Positive Formal Sanctions:Sanctions:

Graduation certificatesGraduation certificates Pay raisesPay raises PromotionsPromotions AwardsAwards MedalsMedals

Informal Sanctions:Informal Sanctions:

Informal SanctionInformal Sanction::– A spontaneous expression of A spontaneous expression of

approval or disapproval given by approval or disapproval given by an an individualindividual or a or a groupgroup..

– Two types:Two types:NegativeNegative informal sanction informal sanctionPositivePositive informal sanction informal sanction

Negative Informal Negative Informal Sanction:Sanction:

FrownsFrowns GossipGossip InsultsInsults RidiculeRidicule

Informal Sanctions:Informal Sanctions:

Especially important to Especially important to teenagersteenagers!!!!!!!!

Group acceptance is Group acceptance is VERYVERY important!!important!!

SECTION 2

Question:How are the norms of society enforced, and

what are the four types of sanctions?


Need a summary of what Need a summary of what we just covered????we just covered????

SECTION 2


ENFORCEMENT OF SOCIAL NORMS

Internalization: Sanctions:

Formal: Informal: Negative: Positive: punishment or

the threat of punishment to

enforce conformity

reward or punish-ment by a formal organization or

regulatory agency, such as the government

spontaneous expression of approval or

disapproval by an individual or group

action that rewards a particular

kind of behavior

how a norm becomes part of a person’s personality, thus conditioning the person to conform to society’s expectations

rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms

Social Control:Social Control:

Social Control:Social Control:– The enforcing of norms through either The enforcing of norms through either

internalinternal or or externalexternal means. means.

– Self-Control!!Self-Control!! (Internal)(Internal)


External enforcementExternal enforcement::– Authority figuresAuthority figures– PolicePolice– CourtCourt– ReligionReligion– FamilyFamily– Public opionPublic opion


No society can survive for long No society can survive for long withoutwithout an effective system of an effective system of social controlsocial control!!!!

Gallery WalkGallery Walk

What might you experience in a What might you experience in a normal day that would exemplify:normal day that would exemplify:– An informal positive sanctionAn informal positive sanction– A formal negative sanctionA formal negative sanction– An informal negative sanctionAn informal negative sanction– A formal positive sanctionA formal positive sanction– An internalized normAn internalized norm


Social ChangeSocial Change

SECTION 3


Question:What are the main

sources of social change?

Sources of Social ChangeSources of Social Change

1.1. Values and beliefsValues and beliefs

2.2. TechnologyTechnology

3.3. PopulationPopulation

4.4. DiffusionDiffusion

5.5. The Physical EnvironmentThe Physical Environment

6.6. Wars and ConquestsWars and Conquests

Values and BeliefsValues and Beliefs

IdeologyIdeology::– A system of beliefs or ideas that justifies A system of beliefs or ideas that justifies

the social, moral, religious, political, or the social, moral, religious, political, or economic interests held by a group or by economic interests held by a group or by society.society.

Social movementSocial movement::– A long-term conscious effort to promote or A long-term conscious effort to promote or

prevent social change.prevent social change. EXEX: : Civil rights movementCivil rights movement

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement::

African Americans were forced to live as African Americans were forced to live as 22ndnd-class citizens.-class citizens.

** Limited on education, voting rights, ** Limited on education, voting rights, sitting on buses, etc….sitting on buses, etc….

** Boycotts, marches, and ** Boycotts, marches, and demonstrations resulted in order to demonstrations resulted in order to receive the freedom that African receive the freedom that African Americans deserved!!Americans deserved!!

Changes Occurred:Changes Occurred:

Voting Rights Act of 1965:Voting Rights Act of 1965:– Outlawed the various methods Outlawed the various methods

that had been used to deny that had been used to deny African Americans the right to African Americans the right to vote.vote.

4 Little Girls4 Little Girls

The story of four young girls who paid The story of four young girls who paid the price for a nation’s ignorancethe price for a nation’s ignorance

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3302971953362876297

Throughout Viewing Throughout Viewing Video…Video…

Write 8-10 interesting facts/concepts that Write 8-10 interesting facts/concepts that relate to Chapter 3- Cultural conformity relate to Chapter 3- Cultural conformity and adaptation.and adaptation.– List specific evidences from the video List specific evidences from the video

regarding values, norms, sanctions, and social regarding values, norms, sanctions, and social change.change.

HomeworkHomework Write a short paragraph (Write a short paragraph (10-15 10-15

sentencessentences) explaining the ) explaining the civil rightscivil rights

socialsocial movement. What detrimental movement. What detrimental events occurred during this time? Do you events occurred during this time? Do you believe this level of prejudice and believe this level of prejudice and discrimination is evident in discrimination is evident in today’stoday’s society??? society??? Why/why not?Why/why not? What steps What steps have Americans taken in order to prevent have Americans taken in order to prevent these horrific events from happening these horrific events from happening again? What social changes have taken again? What social changes have taken place and whyplace and why– Will complete Will complete somesome of video. This assignment is of video. This assignment is

due at the beginning of class tomorrow. due at the beginning of class tomorrow.

Daily Opener #8Daily Opener #8

How has the computer brought How has the computer brought social changessocial changes to your life???? to your life????

Explain at least Explain at least 33 reasons!! reasons!!

Sources of Social ChangeSources of Social Change

1.1. Values and beliefsValues and beliefs

2.2. TechnologyTechnology

3.3. PopulationPopulation

4.4. DiffusionDiffusion

5.5. The Physical EnvironmentThe Physical Environment

6.6. Wars and ConquestsWars and Conquests

TechnologyTechnology::

TechnologyTechnology::– The knowledge and tools that people The knowledge and tools that people

use to manipulate their environment.use to manipulate their environment.

– 22 ways technologies arise ways technologies arise:: DiscoveryDiscovery InventionInvention

DiscoveryDiscovery::– When people recognize new uses for When people recognize new uses for

existing elements in the world or begin existing elements in the world or begin to understand them in new ways.to understand them in new ways.

– EXEX: : Chewing gumChewing gum Hmmmmm….Hmmmmm…. what about the what about the historyhistory of gum???of gum???

InventionInvention::– When people use existing When people use existing

knowledge to create something knowledge to create something that did that did notnot previously exist. previously exist.Material inventions:Material inventions:

–ComputersComputersNonmaterial inventions:Nonmaterial inventions:

–New hobbiesNew hobbies

PopulationPopulation::

Change in Change in sizesize of population can of population can cause changes in culture!cause changes in culture!

– Change created by simply moving from Change created by simply moving from one place to another.one place to another.

– Changes in Changes in ageage of population: of population: If fewer babies, then less need If fewer babies, then less need

for schools, etc….for schools, etc….

DiffusionDiffusion::

DiffusionDiffusion::– The process of spreading culture traits The process of spreading culture traits

from one society to another.from one society to another.

– With Internet and technology, diffusion With Internet and technology, diffusion takes place takes place constantlyconstantly!!!!


Societies adopt material culture and Societies adopt material culture and technology more freely than ideas technology more freely than ideas and beliefs.and beliefs.

Reformulation::– The process of adapting borrowed The process of adapting borrowed

cultural traits. cultural traits. EXEX: accepting new tools/technologies.: accepting new tools/technologies.


Two-way processTwo-way process::– We eat a variety of foods from different We eat a variety of foods from different

countries.countries.

– Other countries have American movies, Other countries have American movies, fast foods, soft drinks, etc….fast foods, soft drinks, etc….

Sesame Street:Sesame Street:

Did You Know…???Did You Know…???

Turn to page 59Turn to page 59

The 100-Percent American???The 100-Percent American???

Based on this essay, what can you Based on this essay, what can you conclude about the extent of conclude about the extent of

cultural diffusioncultural diffusion that has taken that has taken place in the place in the United StatesUnited States??

The Physical The Physical EnvironmentEnvironment::

The introduction of new foods or the The introduction of new foods or the scarcity of a familiar food can bring scarcity of a familiar food can bring about cultural change.about cultural change.

The Physical The Physical Environment:Environment:

Natural disasters such as droughts, Natural disasters such as droughts, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, and tidal waves can also produce social tidal waves can also produce social and cultural change.and cultural change.

Eventually, new construction Eventually, new construction methods will develop.methods will develop.

December 28, 2004 (Sri Lanka Resort)December 28, 2004 (Sri Lanka Resort)((ReminderReminder: Turn volume : Turn volume OFFOFF!!)!!)

Wars and Conquests:Wars and Conquests:

Brings Brings greatestgreatest change in change in leastleast amount of time.amount of time.

War causes changes in the economy War causes changes in the economy as industry focuses on producing war as industry focuses on producing war materials rather than consumer materials rather than consumer goods.goods.

– EXEX:: September 11, 2001September 11, 2001

(Military supplies & service(Military supplies & service

due to terrorism)due to terrorism)

Hmmmmmm…How much do Hmmmmmm…How much do you remember???you remember???

SECTION 3


Source of Social Change Example Social Consequence

values and beliefs

technology

population

diffusion

physical environment

wars and conquests

Why do people resist Why do people resist cultural change????cultural change????

1.1.EthnocentrismEthnocentrism

2.2.Cultural LagCultural Lag

3.3.Vested InterestsVested Interests

EthnocentrismEthnocentrism::

Tendency to view one’s own Tendency to view one’s own culture or group as superior to culture or group as superior to others.others.

Cultural Lag:Cultural Lag: Cultural Lag:Cultural Lag:

– Situation in which some aspects Situation in which some aspects of the culture change less of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture.aspects of the same culture. EX:EX: Because of costs and other Because of costs and other factors, some school districts have factors, some school districts have yet to place new technology yet to place new technology

into classrooms.into classrooms.

Vested Interests:Vested Interests: People may resist change that People may resist change that

threatens their security or standard threatens their security or standard of living.of living.

– EXEX:: Workers may oppose technology Workers may oppose technology because they fear it may replace them.because they fear it may replace them.

Please do the following Please do the following NOWNOW!!!!

MidtermsMidterms signed??? Detentions???? signed??? Detentions????

Place Place homeworkhomework on your desk!!! on your desk!!!

Pg. 62Pg. 62Understanding Main Ideas:Understanding Main Ideas:

#1-8#1-8

Thinking CriticallyThinking Critically::#1-5#1-5

Game Plan for Game Plan for TodayToday & & TomorrowTomorrow!!!!

TuesdayTuesday:: Receive Study Guide/Notebook Receive Study Guide/Notebook

RubricsRubrics Review for Review for Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz!!!! BINGOBINGO (if time permits) (if time permits)

WednesdayWednesday:: Quiz/Notebook ChecksQuiz/Notebook Checks Begin Begin Chapter 4Chapter 4 ( (if time permitsif time permits))

Go over HomeworkGo over Homework Study guide/Notebook ChecksStudy guide/Notebook Checks

Chapter Wrap-Up1. What are the core American values outlined by Robin M.

Williams and James M. Henslin?2. What new American values have emerged in recent years?3. Identify the two methods through which society enforces

norms.4. Explain the difference between positive sanctions and negative

sanctions by giving an example of each.5. What role do government policies play in enforcing cultural

values and social norms?6. How are the civil rights movement and the women’s rights

movement examples of social change?7. How has cultural diffusion changed eating habits in the United

States?8. For what reasons do people resist change?

1. What are the core American values outlined by Robin M. Williams and James M. Henslin?

2. What new American values have emerged in recent years?3. Identify the two methods through which society enforces

norms.4. Explain the difference between positive sanctions and negative

sanctions by giving an example of each.5. What role do government policies play in enforcing cultural

values and social norms?6. How are the civil rights movement and the women’s rights

movement examples of social change?7. How has cultural diffusion changed eating habits in the United

States?8. For what reasons do people resist change?

CHAPTER 3

Let’s Begin to Review!!!Let’s Begin to Review!!!

Explanation of Group Activities!!Explanation of Group Activities!!

Please do the following Please do the following NOWNOW!!!!

Place Place notebook checksnotebook checks on red on red chair (chair (paper clipspaper clips provided) provided)

Begin to review for Begin to review for Chapter 3 Chapter 3 QuizQuiz!!

Please do the following Please do the following AFTERAFTER quiz!! quiz!!

Pg. 68 (#1-4)Pg. 68 (#1-4)– Will check Will check tomorrowtomorrow for for

homeworkhomework!!

Documents

FOCUS/REVIEW 1. What are some general American values? 2. Why might a society’s values change over time?