Foundations of Social Media

RTV 453

Legacy media vs. new media Is Social Media a new form of media? Is Interactive Media a different new form of media? Is Cloud Computing related to where ‘digital media’ is going? Will there be newspapers in 50 years?

Radio? TV channels? Movies? Plays being performed? Vaudeville example…

Will the ‘marketplace of goods’ be replaced by ‘information exchange’?

Will ‘high culture’ disappear?

What is Social Media? Origin of computers (next pages)

Abacus, analytical engine (1800s), electronic computing (1900s)

Origin of the Internet Sputnik, Pentagon / ARPA, legislation, hardware &

software

Origin of personal computers (1960s-70s) Next page

Virtual realities? Change from tool for calculating to tool for

communicating

History of Computers - Long, Long Ago

beads on rods to count and calculate!

History of Computers - Way Back When

Slide Rule 1630based on Napier’s rules for logarithmsused until 1970s

History of Computers - 19th Century

Joseph Marie Jacquard First stored program -

metal cards Did no computing first computer

manufacturing still in use

Charles Babbage - 1792-1871 Difference Engine c.1822

huge calculator, never finished

Analytical Engine 1833 could store numbers calculating “mill” used

punched metal cards for instructions

powered by steam! accurate to six decimal

places Inspiration for Herman

Hollerith for 1890 census

Vacuum Tubes First Generation

Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes

Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside.

Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.

UNIVAC – 1950-51 first fully electronic digital

computer built in the U.S. Created at the University of

Pennsylvania contained 18,000 vacuum

tubes Cost $487,000 ENIAC that preceded it (late

1940s) weighed 30 tons

Grace Hopper (1906-1992) Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of Computer

Science’s first “Man of the Year Award”

First compiler for a computer programming language, led to COBOL

First Transistor

Used Silicon (semiconductor)

developed in 1948 won a Nobel prize on-off switch 2nd Generation

Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956

Second Generation – 1965-1963 1956 – Computers began to incorporate

Transistors

Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors Beginning process of making computers smaller

‘transistor radios’ in the 1950 made music portable

Integrated Circuits

Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips). Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors

integrated together into a single “chip” First one made by Texas Instruments in 1958

Third Generation – 1964-1971 1964-1971 Integrated Circuit Operating System Getting smaller, cheaper

The First Microprocessor – 1971

The 4004 had 2,250 transistors

four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s)

108Khz Called “Microchip”

What is a Microchip? Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC)

Transistors, resistors, and capacitors 4004 had 2,250 transistors Pentium IV had 42 MILLION transistors

Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)

4th Generation – began 1971 MICROCHIPS! Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using

microchip technology

Birth of Personal Computers - 1975

256 byte memory (not Kilobytes or Megabytes)

2 MHz Intel 8080 chips

Just a box with flashing lights

cost $395 kit, $495 assembled.

Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly.

Connections: Which evolved from the other, which was an

entirely new creation vacuum tube integrated circuit transistor microchip

Evolution of Electronics Vacuum Tube – a dinosaur without a modern lineage

Do vacuum tubes still exist? Transistor Integrated Circuit Microchip Another major development in recent years

Flash memory

First Mass Market PC

IBM PC - 1981 IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture

‘instigated by’ IBM as reaction to Macintosh

First wide-selling personal computer used in business

8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors 4.77 Mhz processing speed

256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard

One or two floppy disk drives Open architecture (except ROM BIOS)

Apple Computers Founded 1977

Apple II released 1977 widely used in schools

Macintosh (left) released in 1984, Motorola

68000 Microchip processor first commercial computer

with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)

First GUI: Xerox PARC

21st Century Computing Great increases in speed, storage, and memory Increased networking, speed in Internet Broadband growth Netbooks / iPad / tablets Smart Phones Impact of touch technology 3G to 4G (3-5 Mbps / 8-10 Mbps)

What’s next for computers? Use your imagination to come up with

what the coming years hold for computers. What can we expect in two years? What can we expect in twenty years?

Voice interface? -- wearable computers? Cloud computing growth True ubiquity? Interface among almost all devices?

Smart cars, smart electronics, etc.

What is Social Media? Fad or future?

IPO Facebook failure Decline of Apple shares

How do you pay the bills? How do you meet life’s basic needs? Media jobs: content creation, distribution,

sales New media jobs? ??????

Before the Internet rolled out Electronic Bulletin Boards

CompuServe America Online The WELL Early ‘chat rooms’

Hypertext Vannevar Bush first proposed the basics of

hypertext in 1945 Tim Berners-Lee et al in 1990: html, WWW

Multimedia

The early web pages Public Relations extension Like a magazine (text and words) shovelware

Users (audience) Just like newspapers, magazines, radio TV

… An audience (market) exists Are YOU trying to reach them with your

content? Or, is another company trying to reach

them based on this form of ‘content distribution’?

Components of the social media Chit-chat Sharing Commenting Wikis UGC Everyone has a voice (digital democracy) Technologically-replaced intermediation (Second

Life)

Predicting the future Anthropology and Sociology But what’s next? The Machine is Using Us The semantic web Ubiquitous instant communication

What got us here Broadband applied to all that went

before Speed and storage Innovation and profit seeking Popular culture / ‘common person

power’ Steve Jobs and similar people

Communication application? How are you using social media? How are people making money using social

media? How are you spending money that’s connected to

social media? How are your relationships with others changing? How are your relationships with products and

services changing?

Industry insider, 2014 NBS convention… Erik Deutsch: PR was about getting his clients

exposure. NOW: it‘s about content creation—so everyone

needs to know how to create content, especially video / shooting & editing skills.

Also says “don’t get too involved in the latest ‘shiny object’

Always go back to basic communication skills, strategies and tactics.

The critical skills remains: how to write well.