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France foreign policy problems
1860- lost to Italy1861-1867- supported Austria who lost
to Mexico1870- lost Franco-Prussian War1871-Napoleon III captured.1871- Paris controlled by Prussians
Paris CommuneSought to rule Paris separately from the
rest of France.Set up by radicals and socialists
(anarchists).
National AssemblyNational Assembly, ruling all of France,
sends troops to Paris and kills 20,000 inhabitants.
Dreyfus Affair
French commander indicted on passing secrets to Germans.
Evidence was forged.Sent to Devil’s Island.
What happened next?
The real spy was tried and released.Dreyfus re-tried and convicted again.President then pardoned him.Emile Zola- “J’accuse”
Dreyfus Affair repercussions
Violent anti-semitism was embraced by many French.
Radicals, republicans, and socialists formed an informal alliance.
Political, racial, religious divisions continued into the 1940’s.
Problems in the Habsburg Empire
HungaryCroats and Slovaks felt ostracized by
society.No foreign supportFrance and Italy military failures