From TerritoryFrom Territory

To StatehoodTo Statehood

Northwest Ordinance: 1787Northwest Ordinance: 1787 The Ordinance organized the territory between the Ohio and

Mississippi Rivers. It provided a path to Territory status andeventually to admission as a new State

No Slavery

Eliminated oldState Claims

Guaranteed Natural Rights(Pre Bill of Rights)

EstablishedTownship System

Wisconsin Territorial HistoryWisconsin Territorial History

1800: What is now Wisconsin is assigned to Indiana Territory

Though technically American, Wisconsin is still controlledby British fur traders and descendants of the French

Americans and British foughta battle at Prairie du Chienduring War of 1812

America did not exercisecontrol of Wisconsin untilafter War of 1812

Early SettlementEarly Settlement 1822: Colonel James Johnson of Kentucky leads group of

miners from Galena, Illinois into southwest Wisconsin toestablish lead mines

Lead mining becomes the first major resource attractingsettlers to Wisconsin

Lead Mining Lead Mining in Wisconsinin Wisconsin

Early miners dug holes in hillsides for dwellings and became known as Badgers Professional miners from Wales and Cornwall soon arrived Lead shot was a major product By 1850, many small miners turn to farming

Early MilwaukeeEarly Milwaukee 1818, Solomon Juneau travels south from Green Bay & builds

a trading post, later run by his son & daughter 1819, Byron Kilbourn establishes store & trading post on

west bank of Milwaukee River. “Kilbourntown” he makes surehis E-W Streets do NOT match up with those east of riverin “Juneautown”

George H Walker establishes third settlement south of othertwo, becomes known as Walker’s Point

Winnebago War, 1827Winnebago War, 1827 Ho-Chunk warriors led by Red Bird attack keel boats on the

Mississippi River. Angry at growing presence of lead miners They mistakenly believed that two jailed Ho-Chunk had been

sent to a rival tribe for execution by whites at Prairie du Chien

Winnebago War, 1827Winnebago War, 1827 Most tribes failed to support Red Bird 600 soldiers under Henry Atkinson from St Louis and 130 militia under Henry Dodge make show of force, Red Bird

surrenders, is arrested and dies in prison Ho Chunk forced to sign treaty permanently giving lead mine

areas to the United States The same issues will be involved in Black Hawk’s War, 1832

Brown County/ Green BayBrown County/ Green Bay First session of Brown County Court, July 1824

Judge Jacques Porlier, started as French fur trader First US District Court, Green Bay, October 1824

Judge James Doty

Black Hawk’s War: 1832Black Hawk’s War: 1832 Black Hawk was a Sauk Chief In 1832 he led his tribe & a group of Meskwakis & Kickapoos

across the Mississippi back on to land they had given up ina disputed treaty signed in 1804

Group of tribes known as British Band, American settlers andlead miners assumed they were hostile

Battle of Sycamore Creek, Battle of Sycamore Creek, or Stillman’s Run, May 14or Stillman’s Run, May 14

Poorly trained Illinois Militia under Major Isaiah Stillman attacked the British Band near Sycamore Creek

Black Hawk and the Band killed 12 militia and the rest fled Black Hawk then led his people north into Wisconsin searching

for land safe to settle on, but are pursued by US Army

Battle of Wisconsin HeightsBattle of Wisconsin HeightsJune 21stJune 21st

Regular US Army Troops under Henry Atkinson pursueBlack Hawk north

Wisconsin Militia under Henry Dodge defeat Black Hawkat Wisconsin Heights. Black Hawk and his band then try andescape west, back across the Mississippi

Battle of Bad Axe RiverBattle of Bad Axe RiverAugust 2ndAugust 2nd

US Army Troops catch Black Hawk’s Band on the east bankof the Mississippi, just south of the Bad Axe River

Gunboat Warrior shells Indians from Mississippi The British Band is massacred and only Black Hawk and a

few tribal leaders escape

Milwaukee:1834-1835Milwaukee:1834-1835 First Steamboat arrives in 1834,

soon traffic is regular German immigrants begin

to settle in Milwaukee area

Wisconsin Territory: 1836Wisconsin Territory: 1836 Congress creates Wisconsin Territory, April 20, 1836 Henry Dodge first Territorial Governor Dodge selects Belmont (lead region) as first capital

State Capitol Changes State Capitol Changes Belmont proved to be to remote. James Doty proposed the isthmus between two lakes

(Where he happened to have bought up much land) and convinced Dodge and legislature to move there.

Capital was temporarily in Burlington (now Iowa) while buildings were built, and roads laid out

Treaty of St Peters: 1837Treaty of St Peters: 1837Henry Dodge signs treaty with Ojibwe & SiouxIndians cede land, retain hunting & fishing rightsPressure for treaties from cities like St Louis & Cleveland

that needed lumber for growing populations

Ho Chunk Treaties: 1837Ho Chunk Treaties: 1837 Ho Chunk refused to treat with Governor Dodge Keramani, Yellow Thunder & Waukon Decorah travel to

Washington DC to negotiate with Federal Government Eventually forced to agree to cede all lands & move west

of Mississippi, though hunting & fishing rights retainedMany never leave, or leave and then return

University, Post Offices, etcUniversity, Post Offices, etcIn 1838, Territorial Legislature appropriates land for the

University of the Territory of Wisconsin, ground is broken in Madison

Land is also set aside for 80 Post Offices around territoryMilwaukee & Rock River Canal Company is chartered

New GovernorsNew Governors In 1841, William Henry Harrison appoints James Doty to

succeed Henry Dodge as second territorial governorDodge's supporters in territorial legislature block most of

Doty's plans, and vote against statehood four timesIn 1844 President Tyler replaces Doty with Nathaniel Tallmadge

James Doty Henry Dodge Nathaniel Tallmadge

Towards StatehoodTowards StatehoodIn 1845, Tallmadge is replaced by Dodge as Governor In 1846 the people of Wisconsin vote in favor of StatehoodFirst Constitutional Convention, Madison, 1846. After much

debate, the delegates reject the proposed constitutionThis constitution gave African-Americans the right to vote

and gave women the right to own property

Statehood: 1848Statehood: 1848Second attempt at Constitution successfulLess liberal than first attempt, criticized by someWisconsin admitted to Union, May 29, 1848

First State LeadersFirst State LeadersGovernor: Nelson Dewey (Democrat) Senators: Henry Dodge and Isaac Walker (Democrats)Congressmen: William Lynde and Mason Darling (Democrats)

RailroadsRailroads1853: Milwaukee & Mississippi RR completes line to Madison1857: M&M finishes line to Mississippi RiverRailroads open land up for settlers and immigrantsAs wheat farming replaces lead mining, railroads become

increasingly more important

Republican PartyRepublican Party February 1854, Republican Party founded in Ripon, WIAnti slavery, founded in reaction to Kansas-Nebraska ActParty quickly spreads to other northern states

Bashford vs Barstow Bashford vs Barstow 1855: Democrat William Barstow defeats Republican

Coles Bashford by 157 votes. Bashford claims election fraudCourts review results & see pattern of votes from nonexistent

precincts in northern counties, especially Waupaca Co.Court decides in favor of Bashford. Barstow says he will not

be removed from office alive, but later backs down

Civil War: April 1861Civil War: April 1861Governor Alexander Randall issues call for volunteersRandall raised 18 infantry regiments, 10 artillery batteries

and three troops of cavalry, exceeding Federal requirementsCamp Randall in Madison served as recruiting & training

center for Wisconsin troops, later a POW camp

Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil War“The Iron Brigade”“The Iron Brigade”

2nd, 6th & 7th Wisconsin Volunteer Regiments, and the19th Indiana Regiment

Known as the Iron Brigade, and the Black Hat BrigadePart of the Army of the Potomac, fought at 2nd Manassas

Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville & GettysburgHelped slow Confederates on 1st day of Gettysburg Highest casualty rate of all Union Brigades during the war

Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil War“The Old Abes”“The Old Abes”

8th Wisconsin Infantry brigade became known as the Eagle Regiment, because of a pet bald eagle that hadbeen caught and tamed by a Native American recruit

“Old Abe” attended regimental reunions until his death, 1881

Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil WarGovernor Louis HarveyGovernor Louis Harvey

Louis Harvey and his wife Cordelia traveled to Shiloh to helpnurse Union soldiers after the battle

Harvey slipped de-barking from a steam boat and drowned His wife continued nursing, and helped convince Lincoln to

establish veterans hospitals after the war

Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil WarColonel Joseph BaileyColonel Joseph Bailey

General Nathaniel Banks lead a campaign up the Red River. He was defeated at Sabine Crossroads, had to retreat downriver

Dry weather & low water in the river trappeda navy squadron under Admiral David Porter

Bailey and Wisconsin lumberman built a dam, then released the water and floated the squadron over the shoalsand to safety downriver

Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil WarResistance to the DraftResistance to the Draft

In November, 1862, Catholic German settlers in Ozaukee Coprotested against the draft by destroying the draft office and occupying the Courthouse.

Governor Salomon was forced to use the 28th Infantry fromMilwaukee to restore order

Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil WarResultsResults

Over 90,000 soldiers & sailors from Wisconsin served 3,794 were killed in action 8,022 died of disease

Increase Lapham: 1811-75Increase Lapham: 1811-75 Increase Lapham, State Surveyor, makes many geological

discoveries around Wisconsin, including a meteorite In 1867 he warns about the environmental consequences

of overlogging Wisconsin forests Believes weather can be predicted by using maps & recording

meteorological data. He founds the National Weather Bureau Creates first geological map of Wisconsin

Laura Ingalls Wilder: 1867-1957Laura Ingalls Wilder: 1867-1957 Laura Ingalls Wilder is born in Pepin County, Wisconsin She will go on to write a series of books about life in the

woods and on the prairies of Wisconsin, Kansas, MinnesotaSouth Dakota and Missouri

Frank Lloyd Wright: 1867-1959Frank Lloyd Wright: 1867-1959 Frank Lloyd Wright is born in Richland Center, Wisconsin Organic architecture, structures in harmony with humans and

with the environment Wright becomes leader of the Prairie School of Architecture

Ho Chunk Removal 1870-73Ho Chunk Removal 1870-731870: Several Ho Chunk bands are still in Wisconsin despite

having signed treaty calling for them to move westWhite settlers become alarmed and petition Congress1872, Congress appropriates money for removal of Ho Chunk1873, Ho Chunk forcibly removed to reservations in Nebraska

Fire! - October 1871Fire! - October 1871 Huge fires sweep through Door, Oconto, Shawano, Brown

and Kewaunee Counties. The town of Peshtigo is destroyed1000-2000 people killed, over 3000 made homeless

Wisconsin: 1873Wisconsin: 1873Christopher Sholes of Kenosha invents the typewriterRevolutionizes office work, and later, school work

Logging & TimberLogging & TimberLogging began in the late 1830s

and reached its height 1870-1890Many Scandinavian Immigrants

made a living as loggersLogs floated down the Black, Chippewa

Wolf, Fox & Wisconsin Rivers to sawmilltowns like Stevens Point, OshkoshWausau, Eau Claire and others

Sawdust War: 1881Sawdust War: 1881 Sawmill workers in Eau Claire go on strike, demanding

reduction of working hours to a ten hour day Protests, riots and damage to property ensue 8 Companies of National Guard called to restore order

The Circus!The Circus! The 7 Ringling Brothers of Baraboo, Wisconsin started giving

shows in 1882, and began performing as a circus in 1884 In 1907 they bought Barnum & Bailey's Circus Until 1918, their headquarters was in Baraboo

Iron OreIron Ore1885, Iron Ore is discovered in the Gogebic RangeNew towns spring up along with minesHurley grew from 80 people to over 2500

Wisconsin Veterans Home: 1887Wisconsin Veterans Home: 1887Retirement facilities for military veterans were inadequate

for the numbers of Civil War VeteransWisconsin legislature voted to create a new facilityWaupaca's bid was chosen ahead of five other citiesThe home was the dream of Dr. Frederick Marden, who

served in the Navy during the Civil War. Marden died under mysterious

circumstances in Milwaukeein 1887, and the first hallbuilt in Waupaca was namedafter him

Bible Reading in SchoolBible Reading in SchoolIn 1890, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that reading

the Bible in the Edgerton Public Schools was in factreligious instruction

The Court held that this was unconstitutionalIn 1963, when the US Supreme Court ruled the same way

they cited the Edgerton case as precedent

Civil RightsCivil Rights1889, Owen Howell, a black Milwaukee

citizen is denied the seat he hadpurchased on the floor of the BijouOpera House.

With the help of black attorney WilliamGreen, Howell sues and wins

In 1899 the Wisconsin Legislaturepasses a law prohibiting racialdiscrimination in restaurants, inns,hotels & all other public accommodations

Wisconsin is years ahead of manyother states, especially in the South