Ohio History Lesson 1 - Unity Corporation · Northwest Territory . The Northwest Territory covered...
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Ohio History Lesson 1 - Unity Corporation · Northwest Territory . The Northwest Territory covered more than 260,000 square miles. The Northwest Ordinance was a way to create an organized
Benchmark •Identify the responsibilities of the US government and explain why they are necessary • Explain the importance of the North West Ordinance Grade Level Indicator •Explain the 3 branches of Government •Legislative-headed by General Assembly make laws •Executive Branch-headed by governor carries out and enforces laws made by the General Assembly •Judicial Branch-headed by the Ohio Supreme Court, interprets and applies the laws
•Identify the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 as a primary document •Compare the NWO and the Bill of Rights •Identify the NWO as an important document which established Ohio as a state •Identify the 3 branches of government and explain their responsibilities • Name the current Ohio governor
Assessment Lesson 4
• List 1 provision of the North West Ordinance
• List the 3 branches of government • List the job of each branch of the government
establish
Northwest Territory
election
judicial
Leader
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We have quite a few vocabulary words for Columbus to remember today. They are: government—the system by which a community or state is governed Executive—the part of the government that is responsible for the daily administration of the state. Northwest Territory—the land northwest of the Ohio River Servitude—lack of personal freedom; cannot do what one chooses to do Establish—set up; initiate or bring about Provision—providing; preparing beforehand Legislative—branch that has the power to create laws Leader—a person who is in charge, guides and directs Election—formal decision-making process to choose who will hold a public office Judicial—a branch of government that interprets the laws govern—to rule over ordinance—an order, law or statute citizen—a person living in a particular town or city
The Northwest territory shown in black on the map existed from 1787 until 1803 when Ohio became a state. Before it was the Northwest Territory, it was part of the British Province of Quebec and under British rule. The area was inhabited by about 45,000 Native Americans and mostly French and British traders.
The area covered more than 260,000 square miles
Northwest Territory
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The Northwest Territory covered more than 260,000 square miles. The Northwest Ordinance was a way to create an organized territory from the land south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River. The Northwest territory was the first organized territory in the United States.
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Like General Anthony Wayne, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was also commemorated by a stamp.
Rufus Putnam (1738-1824) Revolutionary War soldier & founder of Marietta, where he established oversaw land office of the Ohio Company The Father of Ohio
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Rufus Putnam was a general in the Revolutionary War. He helped to organize the Ohio Company. We will talk more about the Ohio Company in a few minutes.
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Rufus Putnam on the shores of the Ohio River – he founded the city of Marietta.
The Ordinance of 1787 and
as an agent in its formation
Member of the U.S. House of
Representatives from Massachusetts's
3rd & 11th district
Manasseh Cutler 1742-1823
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Another important person during this time period was Manasseh Cutler. Dr. Cutler was the chaplain of the 11th Massachusetts Regiment. He became interested in moving west and settling western lands—and Ohio was one of these areas as a part of the Northwest territory.
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Here is a picture of Dr. Cutler’s church and parsonage in Massachusetts where the first of two groups (48 pioneers) left from to travel to the Northwest Territory and Ohio Country.
The Ohio Company
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The Ohio Company was a land surveying company that helped to settle the Northwest territory in present-day Ohio. The company was formed in Massachusetts in 1786. A land surveyor is someone who uses math, physics, engineering and law to study and inspect (take a look at) land. One of the jobs of a surveyor is to create maps and boundaries.
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This map shows the area that was purchased by the Ohio Company. In 1788 the city of Marietta was establishing in this area.
Boundaries as they appeared when the state was formed
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As the state of Ohio continues to form, boundaries began appearing. Do you recognize some cities and areas on this map?
Northwest
Territory
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Let’s take a closer look at the Northwest Territory and the Northwest Ordinance that helped establish it.
An Ordinance for the Government of the
Territory by the United States,
North-West of the River Ohio
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Remember that the Northwest Ordinance was an ordinance for the government of the territory by the United States.
Three Principal Provisions (1) A division of the Northwest Territory into "not less than
three nor more than five States" (2) A three-stage method for admitting a new state to the
Union— a congressionally appointed governor, secretary, three judges to rule in the first phase; an elected assembly, one nonvoting delegate to Congress to be elected in the second phase, when the population of the territory reached "five thousand free male inhabitants of full age"; and a state constitution to be drafted & membership to the Union to be requested in the third phase when the population reached 60,000
(3) A bill of rights protecting religious freedom, the right to a writ of habeas corpus, the benefit of trial by jury, and other individual rights. In addition the ordinance encouraged education and forbade slavery.
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There were 3 provisions: 1. At least 3 states, 2. 3 phases-set up state government, population, population land owners 3. Religious freedom & No slaves
Northwest Territory
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Here is what the Northwest Territory looked like with the names of the states as they appear today added.
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The states in the Northwest territory became states in the years shown on this graphic.
Northwest Territory Seal
Wooden Nickel from the 150th Celebration of the Northwest Territory
Northwest Territory Conflict 1790-1795
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We know from our previous lesson that there were some conflicts during this time period in the Northwest territory, including the Battle of Fallen Timbers and others with the Native Americans.
Ohio Government
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Ohio officially became a state in 1803. It was important for Ohioans to establish a “government” in their new state. Remember the provisions of the Northwest Ordinance.
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Ohio's state government contains three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The Executive branch includes the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of State, Attorney General, Treasurer of State, State Board of Education and the Governor's Cabinet. The Cabinet members serve as directors for the many state agencies and are appointed by the Governor. The Legislative branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Together, these bodies are referred to as "The General Assembly." Ohio's House of Representatives has 99 members; the Senate has 33. The Legislative Service Commission, a staff of trained legal experts and personnel, drafts proposals for new laws and law changes, is one of several legislative agencies that are also part of the Legislative branch of Ohio's state government. The Judicial branch comprises the Ohio Supreme Court; numerous judiciary bodies--including 12 courts of appeals, courts of common pleas in each county, municipal courts, and many county courts; and the Court of Claims. � Taken from: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/organizational.cfm
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The Constitution divided state government into 3 branches, just like the federal government. Let’s take a closer look at the roles of the legislative, executive and judicial branches and how they operate in our state.
Executive Branch Carries out Laws
Governor
Lieutenant Governor Attorney General
Auditor of the State Secretary of State
State Agencies
Legislative Branch Makes Laws
Ohio General Assembly The Ohio Senate The Ohio Hose of Representatives
Judicial Branch Interprets Laws
Supreme Court of Ohio Courts of Common Pleas District Courts of Appeal
Assessment Lesson 4
• List 1 provision of the North West Ordinance
• List the 3 branches of government • List the job of each branch of the government
Answer Key • Northwest Ordinance no slave states-owned
land=voting • 3 branches are the Executive, Legislative and Judicial
• Executive enforces the laws-Judicial interprets the laws-Legislative makes the laws
