From Trustee Georgia to From Trustee Georgia to Royal GeorgiaRoyal Georgia

Georgia Studies NotesGeorgia Studies Notes

Georgia’s BeginningsGeorgia’s Beginnings

Georgia began as a Trustee Colony Georgia began as a Trustee Colony with its original charter in 1732.with its original charter in 1732.

The Trustee Period lasted from 1733 The Trustee Period lasted from 1733 to 1752.to 1752.

Plans forCity of

Savannah

Trustee LeadersTrustee Leaders

James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe21 trustees21 trusteesKing (George II) is ultimate authorityKing (George II) is ultimate authority

James Oglethorpe

GovernanceGovernance

King had ultimate authorityKing had ultimate authorityTrustees made regulations which had Trustees made regulations which had

to be obeyed by coloniststo be obeyed by colonists

King George II

Georgia’s Colonial BoundariesGeorgia’s Colonial Boundaries

All lands between the Altamaha and All lands between the Altamaha and Savannah Rivers west to the Pacific Savannah Rivers west to the Pacific OceanOcean

Boundaries in original charter

Land Ownership/DistributionLand Ownership/Distribution

Original colonists were given 50 Original colonists were given 50 acres of landacres of land

Colonists who could afford to pay Colonists who could afford to pay their way to Georgia were given 500 their way to Georgia were given 500 acresacres

Mulberry Tree

SlaverySlavery

Slavery was not allowed by the Slavery was not allowed by the Charter of 1732Charter of 1732

Charter of 1732

ReligionReligion

The original settlers were all The original settlers were all ProtestantsProtestants

Within a short period of time, Within a short period of time, Georgia also had Jewish settlers Georgia also had Jewish settlers

Christ Church in SavannahJohn Wesley

The ColonistsThe Colonists

Aside from original settlers who came Aside from original settlers who came on the Ann, many new settlers on the Ann, many new settlers arrived during the Trustee Period:arrived during the Trustee Period:

SalzburgersSalzburgersMoraviansMoraviansHighland ScotsHighland ScotsMalcontentsMalcontents

SalzburgersSalzburgers

Originated in Salzburg, GermanyOriginated in Salzburg, GermanyCame to Georgia because they were Came to Georgia because they were

expelled from Catholic Germany for expelled from Catholic Germany for being Protestantbeing Protestant

Settled in EbenezerSettled in EbenezerRelocated to New Ebenezer because Relocated to New Ebenezer because

of issue with the original landof issue with the original landOpposed to slaveryOpposed to slavery

New Ebenezer

Highland ScotsHighland Scots

Came to Georgia from ScotlandCame to Georgia from ScotlandSettled in Darien, GeorgiaSettled in Darien, GeorgiaRebuilt Fort King GeorgeRebuilt Fort King GeorgeOpposed to slaveryOpposed to slavery

Fort King George

MalcontentsMalcontents

Mainly composed of Scottish settlers near Mainly composed of Scottish settlers near SavannahSavannah

Arrived in Georgia by paying their own Arrived in Georgia by paying their own way, so they did not feel the same loyalty way, so they did not feel the same loyalty to James Oglethorpeto James Oglethorpe

Objected to three trustee rules:Objected to three trustee rules:Limits on land ownershipLimits on land ownershipLaw against slaveryLaw against slaveryLaw against rumLaw against rum

Felt these laws limited their Felt these laws limited their ability earn moneyability earn money

Cover of official protest

The Spanish Threat from The Spanish Threat from FloridaFlorida

In 1739, war broke out between In 1739, war broke out between England and SpainEngland and Spain

This gave Oglethorpe a good reason This gave Oglethorpe a good reason to invade Florida which was to invade Florida which was controlled by Spaincontrolled by Spain

2000 men (mainly Native Americans 2000 men (mainly Native Americans and settlers from GA & SC) and settlers from GA & SC) fought to take over Spanish fought to take over Spanish forts in Florida forts in Florida

War of Jenkin’s Ear

Spanish Threat continuedSpanish Threat continued

Not much progress was made until Not much progress was made until July 1742 in the Battle of Bloody July 1742 in the Battle of Bloody MarshMarsh

In this battle Highland Scots assisted In this battle Highland Scots assisted Oglethorpe’s forces. This surprise Oglethorpe’s forces. This surprise attack caught the Spanish forces off attack caught the Spanish forces off guard and was the beginning of a guard and was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.safe southern frontier for the British.

Battle of Bloody Marsh

Spanish Threat continuedSpanish Threat continued

The Spanish eventually left the area The Spanish eventually left the area for good after a note was sent to a for good after a note was sent to a British deserter warning of an British deserter warning of an impending attack by arriving ships. impending attack by arriving ships. The arriving ships were actually The arriving ships were actually trading ships, but the Spanish trading ships, but the Spanish thought they would be outnumbered thought they would be outnumbered and gave up.and gave up.

Royal GeorgiaRoyal Georgia

Georgia’s Royal Period lasted from Georgia’s Royal Period lasted from 1752 - 17831752 - 1783

LeadersLeaders

John Reynolds – first royal governor John Reynolds – first royal governor (ineffective)(ineffective)

Henry Ellis – second royal governor Henry Ellis – second royal governor (established foundation for (established foundation for government)government)

James Wright – third royal governor James Wright – third royal governor (efficient and popular)(efficient and popular)

James Wright

JOHN REYNOLDS

1st Royal Governor

Elected October 1, 1754

Introduced the idea of self-government.

Why? Because he wanted the colonists to help run the government.

Governor Henry Ellis1757

A Thinking Man Political Accomplishment

Cooperation among various groupsSought the advice of colonists

Carolina Governor

EconomicalNew immigrantsEconomic prosperity

Left due to ill health

Georgia’s Third and Final Royal GovernorGeorgia’s Third and Final Royal Governor

Sir James Wright - 20 yearsBorn in South Carolina (colonist)Educated in Great Britain (King’s Man)

AccomplishmentsEconomicPoliticalDefenseEducation

Sir James Wright - 20 yearsBorn in South Carolina (colonist)Educated in Great Britain (King’s Man)

AccomplishmentsEconomicPoliticalDefenseEducation

GovernanceGovernance

King appointed governor & councilKing appointed governor & councilThere was a bi-cameral legislature There was a bi-cameral legislature

set up to represent the original set up to represent the original parishes in GAparishes in GA

Parish is a church and Parish is a church and governmentgovernment

Parishes

Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony

Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony

PROPRIETARY COLONY

One that was governed by a board of trustees.

Georgia was a proprietary colony until 1752.

21 original trustees. Including Oglethorpe.

PROPRIETARY COLONY

One that was governed by a board of trustees.

Georgia was a proprietary colony until 1752.

21 original trustees. Including Oglethorpe.

ROYAL COLONY

One that was governed by the king.

Georgia was a royal colony after 1752.

ROYAL COLONY

One that was governed by the king.

Georgia was a royal colony after 1752.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARFRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

CAUSES1. GREED - countries wanted to

capture the most land in New World and control the treasures of the territory.

2. FEAR - countries feared that one country would gain more power than others.

Who was on each side?

FRANCE(with the help of the Western tribes)

Vs.

GREAT BRITAIN(with the help of the 6 tribes of the

Iroquois)

Hence the name…The French and Indian War

Tension BuildsWar Erupts

Tension BuildsWar Erupts

Ohio River Valley was being disputed. Virginia wanted this region for expansion.

Trade Disputes - British were trading with Native Americans that previously had only traded with the French.

Washington attacked at Ft. Necessity.Fort Duquesne replaced with Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh)

Ohio River Valley was being disputed. Virginia wanted this region for expansion.

Trade Disputes - British were trading with Native Americans that previously had only traded with the French.

Washington attacked at Ft. Necessity.Fort Duquesne replaced with Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh)

GEORGE WASHINGTONGEORGE WASHINGTON

22 year old land surveyor and captain Was sent to tell French to stay out of the

Ohio River Valley. Led 150 Virginia militia troops and built

Ft. Necessity. It was later attacked by the French and

Washington surrendered. Washington later made commander of

small Virginia force that had to protect a 300 mile front.

22 year old land surveyor and captain Was sent to tell French to stay out of the

Ohio River Valley. Led 150 Virginia militia troops and built

Ft. Necessity. It was later attacked by the French and

Washington surrendered. Washington later made commander of

small Virginia force that had to protect a 300 mile front.

BoundariesBoundaries

After the French & Indian War, the After the French & Indian War, the southern boundary was set to the St. southern boundary was set to the St. Mary’s River & the western boundary Mary’s River & the western boundary was set at the Mississippi Riverwas set at the Mississippi River

Land OwnershipLand Ownership

Determined right to voteDetermined right to voteTo vote, settlers had to own 50 acresTo vote, settlers had to own 50 acres

Determined right to hold officeDetermined right to hold officeTo be in office, settlers had to own 500 To be in office, settlers had to own 500

acresacres

SlaverySlavery

Allowed because the colonists were Allowed because the colonists were frustrated by the success of their frustrated by the success of their neighbors to the north who were neighbors to the north who were becoming prosperous under slaverybecoming prosperous under slavery

Slave ship

ReligionReligion

Puritans arrivedPuritans arrived

Puritan family

The ColonistsThe Colonists

New settlers from South Carolina and New settlers from South Carolina and the West Indies (who also brought the West Indies (who also brought slaves)slaves)

New settlers arrived after boundaries New settlers arrived after boundaries were expanded after the French & were expanded after the French & Indian WarIndian WarSome were considered undesirable Some were considered undesirable

(crackers)(crackers)

Georgia “crackers”