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The Royal Colony of Georgia. SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history. c. Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery, government, and the impact of the royal governors . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Royal Colony of Georgia
SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.
c. Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery,
government, and the impact of the royal governors.
Proprietary Colony –
a colony that was governed by a board of trustees.
Ex: Georgia was a proprietary colony from 1732 – 1752.
Royal Colony – a colony directly governed by the King.
Ex: Georgia became a royal colony when the trustees ended their charter with the King in 1752 and remained that way until the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783.
1742 – Rum is allowed in the colony 1743 Oglethorpe returns to England, never to
return to the Georgia colony. 1750 – Regulation against slavery is repealed
and land restrictions lifted. 1752 – one year before the charter’s end, the
trustees return Georgia to King George II
The End of the Trustee Period 1732-
1752
Arrived in Georgia on
October 1, 1754—colonists cheered at his arrival
Introduced the idea of self-government: wanted the colonists to help run the government
Set up a court system: Court of Conscience
Governor John Reynolds 1754 - 1757
Bicameral (two chamber) legislature was set up to
represent the 8 parishes of the colony Parish: a British government district
Lower house: Commons House of Assembly Those wishing to join the Assembly had to own at least 500
acres of land Upper house: Governor’s Council
King of England appointed members of the Governor’s Council
New government met for the 1st time in 1755 in Savannah reorganized state militia passed bills to build/repair roads drew up codes to restrict the rights of slaves
Government in the Royal Colony
Court of Conscience: presided over by a
local justice of the peace When colonists had complaints, they would
go before this court Cases that could not be settled went to
the Governor’s Council
Court System in the Royal Colony
Reynolds dissolved the legislature
when he felt threatened that they would undermine his authority
Without the legislature, Reynolds attempted to run the government himself, making the colonists angry
Angry colonists (including a large land-holder) wrote to King George complaining about Reynolds actions. He relinquished control of Georgia to Henry Ellis in 1757
Reynolds' downfall
King George II—in a Royal Colony, the King has ultimate control
Took control after Reynolds
Learned quickly from Reynolds’ mistakes Brought people together from many different political
groups Population almost doubled under his term: 1759—
population was about 10,000 including 3,600 slaves Colony made several economic gains
profitable farms more merchants with a greater variety of
goods This allowed colonists to buy things they could
not grow or manufacture (cloth, sugar, farming tools, seeds for planting)
Left office after becoming ill in 1760
Henry Ellis 1757 - 1759
3rd Royal governor Born in S.C. (was the previous S.C.
Attorney General Loyal to the King, but wanted the
colonies to prosper Believed that Georgia would
continue to grow if: large farms were bigger, land
ownership increased trading expanded western lands of the colony were
opened to settlers Completed the defenses around
Savannah with palisades and strengthened area forts.
Sunbury became the official port.
James Wright 1760-1781
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries
Georgia Crackers
People from Virginia and the Carolinas settled into middle and western parts of the colony
Plantation owners viewed them as “undesirable people”
Soon, these lower class peoples were called “crackers,” which was meant as an insult
Crackers were not welcome and thought of as ones who did not obey the colony’s laws
“Poor white trash”