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FSAE i2 Data Analysis Seminar

Software Download & Installation

• MoTeC software is available for download from the website at:

http://www motec com au/software/latestreleaseshttp://www.motec.com.au/software/latestreleases

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i2 Standard vs i2 Pro

i2 Standard• Single overlay lap

i2 Pro• Multiple overlay laps

• Simple maths functions– Corrected speed / distance– Filter, scale and offset– + - * /

• 15 Worksheets• 5 time/distance graphs• 10 Channels per graph• 5 Outing graphs

• Advanced mathematics– user maths– global maths– flexible Expressions

• Unlimited display components• Unlimited workbooks• Unlimited worksheets• User definable track sections/sectors

• 2 Histograms• 1 Scatter plot• 1 Mixture map• 1 Track Report• Section Times

• Lap Reports• Statistics zoom• Suspension Analysis• Video• Multiple projects

Program

Basic i2 IntroductionBasic i2 IntroductionReliability and SafetyEvaluating Driver PerformanceEvaluating Chassis PerformanceData Maintenance

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Basic i2 Introduction

Getting Started

• Projects

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Creating a New Project

To move, save or copy a project, simply move that folder and everything but your data goes with it. Math, graphs, etc…. On the new computer, it won’tgraphs, etc…. On the new computer, it won t automatically show in the recent project list so you’ll have to “Open an Existing Project” the first time.

Open a Log Data File

5 ways to open files:1) Pull-down menu

“File / Open Log File”2) Ctrl – O3) Icon on toolbar4) F8, then Icon

)

Open file dialog and icons

5) F8, then right-click

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Data Window

• Lap SelectionM i

FILE DETAILS

Venue EventMainOverlayOther overlay laps

Venue, Event

Driver, Vehicle

Date, Session

Time, Comment and Filename

Lap List

Other overlay laps

Overlay 0

Main

Workbook Setup

Worksheets should be grouped into workbooks by their type, such as Engine, Driver, Chassis, Suspension… or they can be grouped for different people such as Engineer, Driver A, Driver B, Team Owner.

Workbooks

Worksheets

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New Workbook

New Worksheet

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Adding Components

• ‘Layout – Add’ menu

• Right click on blank area of worksheet

• Available Components:• Time / Distance Graph• Outing Graph• Histogram• Suspension Histogram• Scatter Plot• Mixture Map• FFT• Video• Track Report• Track PositionTrack Position• Rainbow track map• Time Report• Channel Report• Gauges (various types) ->

Add Time / Distance Graph

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Adding Channels

View properties of the l t d h l

S h th h l li t

Category or Alphabetic view still applies

selected channel

Search the channel list

• Category Alphabetic Order

Channels Window

• Category Logged Order

• Alphabetic List

• Channel Properties

• Search Box• Categories

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Zoom Functions

• Mouse scroll• Keyboard shortcutsKeyboard shortcuts• Scroll bars• Zoom Icons

Zoom to cursors

Horiz Zoom out full – F2

Horiz Zoom Default - WDouble click and

Zoom window

Zoom in HorizZoom out Horiz

Vert Zoom in

Vert Zoom out

Vert Zoom out full

Double click and drag to zoom

Zoom & Pan

Shortcut keysIcon

Resize & Slide bar to Zoom & Pan

To Zoom: use scroll wheel

Arrow keys

Double Click, Drag & ClickIf you accidentally double click, hit “Esc” key

Double click to zoom out

vertically

To Pan: slide bottom x-axis

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Time / Distance Graph 1

Lap select, Zoom and Scroll X axis

Channel name Min Max Avg

Value at cursor

Time / Distance Graph 2

Active Channel mark

F9 toggles the Time / Distance axis

Rescale / Vertical Zoom group with active channel by dragging arrows

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Resizing and Layout

Click and drag edges to resize

Click left corner to move

edges to resize

Click and drag Splitter to resize Groups

Values Box

Hide/Show Track Map Show difference between Main and Ref laps

Channels on the graph.box = active channel

Time and Distance at Cursor

Values of all channels.

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Datum Cursor

Show differences between 2 points on a graph

Graph Properties 1

• Creating a graph• Channels• Groups

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Graph Properties 2

Display• Title

• Layout

• Info Options

• Options

• Cursor

• Trace

Channel Properties

• Unit

• Decimal Places

• Colour

• Up Sampling

• Scaling

• Info

Edit Channel Colour Scheme

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Channel Options on a Graph

• Hide• Remove• Remove• Edit Maths• Filter• Scale / Offset• Zero at Cursor• Previous• Next• Channel Properties

Maths

• Simple Maths Functions (Filter , Scale & Offset)A number of simplified maths functions are provided to avoid the need to use the expression editor for simple operations like Filtering and Scale & Offset. All other functions must be performed using the Expression Editor. Note that these functions modify the original channel – they do not create a new channel. To create a new channel use the corresponding functions in the expression editor.

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Example Maths Expression‘Brake Pres front’ [psi] / (‘Brake Pres front’ [psi] + ‘Brake Pres Rear’ [psi])

Type Maths Expression

Old Method of Data Analysis

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New Method of Data Analysis

• Download the data every time the car enters• Begin with the vital channels such as:

• Engine temps, pressures• Battery voltages

• Then look at the performance data• Listen to the driverListen to the driver• Observe first what the car is doing and then try to understand why

Reliability and Safety

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Program

Channel ReportsChannel ReportsTemperaturesPressuresBattery VoltagesUseful Tips

Using the Channel Reports

Main and reference lap details

Selected laps (main and overlay) channel report

All laps channel report

Selected laps h lchannel report

by sectors

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Zoom out to Entire Run

Three major types of sensors:• Thermistor

Temperature Sensors

• Thermocouple• Infrared

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Reading Temperatures

The maximum temps for each channel by lap

Max Engine Temp

Engine Temperature Problem

Engine Temp too high

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Pressure Sensors

• Different sensors available in Absolute or Gauge• Standard sensors ranges from 0 – 2000 PSIS a da d se so s a ges o 0 000 S• Can measure Fuel and Oil Pressure

Reading Pressures

Pressure summary per lap

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Oil Pressure Problem

Fuel Pressure Problem

Fuel Pressure low

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Reading Battery Voltages

Battery Voltage looks noisy

Useful Tips

Max and Min lines in blue and red

Oil Pressure decreasing with Engine Temp

Battery voltage now looks fine

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Annotations

Evaluating Driver Performance

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Driver Analysis Channels

• Engine RPM• Wheel Speed• Comparing Laps• Throttle Position• Steering• Lateral and Longitudinal GLateral and Longitudinal G• Brake Pressure

Reading Engine RPM Trace

Upshift

DownshiftWheelspinStraight

BrakingCorner

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Wheel Speed Sensors

• Toothed wheel and sensor arrangement• Accurate calibration in Dash/ECU software is required

Measurement Sensors required Outcome

Vehicle speed Wheel speedTop speed, minimum corner speeds, corrected

ground speed, corner

Lap by lap speed

comparisons

Wheel speed, lap

beacon

Compare each lap for speed, overlay to find

driver mistakes or faster race lines

Wheel lockups under

braking

Wheel speeds, front

and rear

Brake locking into corners, help determine

incorrect setup

Driven wheels slip Wheel speeds, front

and rear

Diagnose traction problems, evaluate driver

performance, find the slip ratio of the driving

wheels

Gear selection traceWheel speed, RPM,

throttle position

Create accurate gearing charts to see whether

gear selection is correct, driver analysis

Track Mapping

Wheel speed,

Accelerometer,

Beacon

Create visual representations of the track for

reference when examining data, virtual

segment time.

Driver analysisWheel speed, G

sensor

Extensive driver analysis through lap overlays,

minimum and maximum speed comparisons,

and accelerating/braking efficiency.

Reading a Wheel Speed Trace

Each wheel speed value at the cursor

The Min, M A

The four wheel speeds overlayed against each other

at the cursor Max, Average wheel speed values

1Hz GPS Speed trace

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Comparing Laps - Overlays

Main Lap (Red)

Reference Lap (Black)

Faster

Where Did I Lose Time?

Higher minimum

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Where biggest gain is made?

Brakes being released

corner speed

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Overlayed Track Map

Both cars as they compare to each other in that part of the lap

Throttle Position Sensors

Measurement Sensors required Outcome

Pedal

Acceleratorcable

Throttle position Throttle Use of the engine,

Throttle histogram Throttle Time at full speed

Average throttle Throttle Quantify handling

Throttle speed ThrottleSee the agressivity of the driver on the

throttle/pedal

Brake positionBrake pedal,

brakes pressures

See how the and when the drier

brakes

Brake pedal

Linearpotentiometer

Brake speedBrake pedal

positionBraking speed, reactivity

Clutch position Clutch position Driver ability to change gears

Driver analysisThrottle, G sensor,

RPM

Extensive driver analysis through lap

overlays, acceleration timing.

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Reading a Throttle Trace

This is where the rear wheels have lost traction

Here you can see the driver lifting thethe driver lifting the throttle to stop the wheel spin

Steering Sensors

• Rotary Sensors.• Interlocking geared teeth.• Can measure steering wheel rotation.

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Reading a Steering Trace

The steering trace can be visualised by displaying it as a gauge.

G Force Sensors

• Can be used to measure Acceleration, Deceleration, Cornering and Vertical Forces

• It is important to mount the accelerometer at (as close asIt is important to mount the accelerometer at (as close as possible), or directly below the centre of gravity.

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Reading a G Force Trace

G Force long and lateral alongside braking and throttle

Reading Brake Pressure Trace

Brake pressures and temps shown both on graph and as gauges for clarity.

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Driver Analysis Topics

• Straight Line Acceleration• Braking Analysis• Understeer/Oversteer• Driving Line• Driver Consistency

Straight Line Acceleration

Race Starts, 0-100kmh and 0-400m times use Datum Cursor

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Straight Line Acceleration

Duration of an Upshift use Datum Cursor

Wheel Spin

Following the wheel speed traces here, you can see wheel spin where the two blue lines rise above the red and orange lines, peaking at 12km/h front to rear speed difference

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Rate of Change Measurement

You can easily measure rate change using the Datum cursor. Below see the acceleration (in KM/h/Sec) of a V8 Supercar at Phillip Island in 5th gear. You should keep this number in mind when dyno tuning your car next time.

Throttle Histogram

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Braking Analysis

Brake pressure reduction

Throttle blips from heel and toe braking

Brake Pressures

Rear brakes locking upg p

Driver releasing pedal to unlock rear wheels

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Brake Pressure Scatter Plot

Front/Rear brake pressures zoom linked to histogram

Calculated brake bias channel

Of the 25,500 samples, most pressures above 180psi exist180psi exist between 43% and 55% bias

Brake Pressure Scatter Plot 2

Here is a brake pressure scatter plot from a poorly performing brake system

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Wheel Lockup

In this slide, you can see where the rear right wheel speed drops significantly below the speed of the front wheels

Understeer

Speed Increases Slightly

Steering Increases leading to a Smooth Understeer

Constant Lateral G-Force

Throttle lifting by Driver

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Oversteer

Rear wheel speed here is 6km/h fasterhere is 6km/h faster than the undriven fronts

The steering trace d h h

The throttle is lifted to reduce the wheel spin

and gauge show the driver winding on opposite lock

Driving Line Analysis

Accelerating

This method maintains the highest “minimum corner speed” possible through a corner. Driving the Traction Circle is the fastest way through this corner. Braking

Cornering

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Late Apex LineWhen a corner precedes a long straight, it might be better to NOT drive the Traction Circle. That is no trail braking. A later apex results in a lower minimum corner speed, but allows a faster exit speed. That extra exit speed is carried down the entire length of p gthe straight.

Speed

Variance

TP0.05 seconds slower in middle of corner, but 0.15 faster down straight.

Net gain = 0.10 seconds

Higher minimum speed, but can’t get on the throttle as early.

GPS Race Line Analysis

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GPS Race Line Analysis

Driver ConsistencyUse Time Report

Blue = fastest section times Eclectic is the theoretical best lap time if you add up all of the fastest sections.

Fastest Rolling Lap

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Section and Split Times

Corner section times for all laps.

All section times for all laps

Straight section times for all laps

Times from the split beacons from all laps

Split times and section markers for selected lap

Evaluating Chassis Performance

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Program

Brake TemperaturesBrake Temperatures Linear Potentiometers Suspension AnalysisDamper HistogramTyre TemperaturesTyre Temperatures

Brake Temp Sensor

Working temperature of your brakey

Are your ducts cooling efficiently?

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Brake Temp Analysis

From the brake pad manufacturer – know the temperature range within the braking system is p g g yoperating at its peak performance

From the data we can see if we are achieving the desired temperatures. Then decide what we need to do with brake ducts

Brake Temp Data

Entire race

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Brake Temp Data

Single Lap

Linear Potentiometers

• Standard lengths from 50mm to 200mmStandard lengths from 50mm to 200mm• Uses include position measurement of

suspension, pedals, levers etc.

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• The most common installation configuration for linear potentiometers is on the shock absorber

Installation and Calibration

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Suspension Analysis

In this example, the front suspension goes negative under braking. Therefore, for suspension position, bump or compression is negative. This is the easiest convention for people to follow.

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Talk to the Driver

The experience of your driver, the comments that he gives and the way he feels the car willthat he gives and the way he feels the car will all affect the analysis of the data.

Is there a balance problem in just one corner?Or is it in all ‘right handers’?

Zoom into the corner(s) and look at what the damper position is at each corner of the car with relation to the G trace and other channels

Damper HistogramTo spend more time in a region, stiffen that region.To spend less time in a region, soften that region.

Graph of “AMOUNT OF TIME” spent at different

“DAMPER SPEEDS”

Rebound BumpLow Speed

High Speed

High Speed

A few tips about the damper speed histogram:• It can really only be used for a whole lap (the

linear potentiometers must be in the same position at the beginning and the end of the damper analysis)

• Always use the same number of bins• Use a Min and Max such that the whole shock

speed histogram covers 95% of the measured shock speedsshock speeds

• Always use the same numbers for the Max and Min shock speed (for later comparison)

• The shape of the histogram should be symmetrical

• The shock speed histogram can also be used to tune the spring and Anti Roll Bar

• Always use the same scale on the Y axis (for later comparison)

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Damper Histogram Analysis

Example of gain made using damper histogram analysis

Damper Histogram with modified damper settings

damper histogram analysis

Damper histogram with initial bump/rebound settings

Tyre Temp Sensors

Ti Tc To

RIGHT TYREIR temp Sensor installation

Example of tyre Temp installation

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Tyre Temps Quick Guide

TINSIDE < TCENTRE < TOUTSIDE Not enough camber, or too much toe in.

TINSIDE < TCENTRE > TOUTSIDE Tyre pressure too high.

TINSIDE < TCENTRE = TOUTSIDE Not enough camber, or tyre pressure too high and too much toe in.

TINSIDE > TCENTRE < TOUTSIDE Tyre pressure too low.

TINSIDE > TCENTRE > TOUTSIDE Too much camber, or too much toe out.

TINSIDE > TCENTRE = TOUTSIDE Too much camber, or tyre pressure too low and too much toe out.much toe out.

TINSIDE = TCENTRE < TOUTSIDE Not enough camber, or tyre pressure too low and too much toe in.

TINSIDE = TCENTRE > TOUTSIDE Too much camber, or tyre pressure too high and too much toe out.

TINSIDE = TCENTRE = TOUTSIDE OK

Tyre Temp Sensors

On the right part of the graph, the temperatures are the ones asseen in the pits when the car stops. On the left part of the graph,you get an idea of what is really happening on the track.

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Tyre Temp Sensors

Corner temps

Data Maintenance

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Contents

Weekend ChecklistOrganising Log FilesDetails EditorExporting DataSummary SheetSummary SheetSetup SheetsSetup Sheets

Weekend ChecklistStart of Weekend• Update Details Editor

Event – General comments about meeting or test session.Venue – Track name and the directory to which log files will be placed (very important).Vehicle – Update any changes since the vehicle last ran, including gear ratios.Vehicle Update any changes since the vehicle last ran, including gear ratios.

• Check SensorsUse Monitor Active Channels or scrolling through the Warm-up page on the dash to check that all sensor values are appropriate for that sensor and fix any that are wrong.

• Zero SensorsIf required zero G Sensors, Suspension Sensors, Steering, etc.

• LoggingCheck that logging templates loaded are appropriate for the day. For instance a template configured for race logging with slower rates and fewer channels than practice logging might be loaded from the previous race.

• Venue Dependant VariablesLoad new Reference Laps for Lap Time Gain/Loss change.p p g

• Beacons and Lap TimesMake sure that the Beacon Receiver is on the correct side of the car, or GPS coordinates are correct.

Before/After each session• Details Editor

Update any changes made to the vehicle and enter details about the session (practice, qualifying, race, etc.).

At the end of the day• Make sure that you collect your Beacon Transmitter.

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Organising Log Files

• Organising your logged data into specific folders for events so you can access ythem quickly

Organise by Venue and Year

In Dash Manager you can setup the directory that you want all your log files to go when you download the data

View / Edit Details

File 1 File 25 ways to Edit Details:1) Pull-down menu

“Tools / Details”2) In the open file window3) Icon on toolbar4) Shortcut key “Ctrl-D”5) “F8”, then icon

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Edit Details

Chassis # or Car #, used for the name of the Excel setup sheet.

Shows in open window Doesn’t show in open window

Exporting Data• Export to Matlab, .csv file or to the clipboard for use in Excel, etc.• For “Component” export, only the channels shown get exported.• For “File” export, all channels get exported.• All data is exported at the same rate.

Exporting to .ld file allows you to share your data with another competitor but only the channels you have graphed.

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Exporting Channel Report Data

Creating a Summary Sheet

• Export the channel reports and paste in Excel.

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Setup Sheets• Excel sheet for importing constants to be used in math equations, which

can vary by session. This file can be located anywhere, just make sure you enable macros. Exit Excel once finished making changes.

You must enter the date & time of your download.

You can delete columns which aren’t in use. You can create your own columns, names and select units.

You can leave blanks where the value doesn’t change from session to session.

Roll equation uses “Track Front & Track Rear”

Keyboard Shortcuts

See the Help File forSee the Help File for a complete list of Keyboard Shortcuts

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Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts 2

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Keyboard Shortcuts 3

Keyboard Shortcuts 4