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FulvicAcid

ASubstanceCriticaltoHumanHealth

Acompilationofthirdpartyscientificresearch.

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Introduction

Fulvic acid is rapidly being recognized as one of the key elements in many outstanding health andscientificbreakthroughsofthe21stcentury.Scientistsanddoctorsthroughouttheworldarebeginningtodiscoverfulvicacid,andarestartingtorecognizeitsextraordinarypotential. Interest inthemedicalcommunityhasbeenescalatingrapidly.

Until recentlyonlyverysmallamountsof fulvicacidhavebeenavailable forscientific testing.Mostofthe studies to date have been done on plant cells. In reviewing and evaluating these reports, it isimportant tobear inmind that leading scientists likeRoger J.Williams, recognize andagreewith thefollowingfact:

“Thebuildingblockspresent in themetabolicmachineryofhumanbeingsare, in thegreatmajorityofcases,exactlythesameasthebuildingblockscontainedinthemetabolicmachineryofotherorganismsofextremelydifferenttypes.”–RogerJ.Williams

Althoughthemajorityofresearchandexperimentationthathasbeendoneonfulvicacidisinrelationtoplants;itisimportanttorealizethathumanbeingshavebeeningestingfulvicacidcomplexesregularlyforover60yearsinsupplementalform,andforthousandsofyearsfromnaturalfoodandplantsources.Thenewdiscoveriesinvolvingfulvicacidareverysimilarinnaturetotherecentimportantdiscoveriesofvaluablephytochemicalsinvegetablesthathavealwaysexisted,butwerehithertounknown.Fulvicacidhasalwaysoccurrednaturallyinorganicplantsandsoils,yetitsrecentdiscoveryandtremendousvalueisnowjustbeginningtoberecognized.

Accumulatingtestimonialsfromregularuserscontinuetosubstantiatethefactthatthesamebeneficialpropertiesrelatedtoplantstudiesandcells,holdtrueinrelationtoanimalsandhumansaswell.Clinicalstudies on animals and humans are beginnings, and updated information will be forthcoming.Preliminaryfindingsshowthatthemostprominentdiseasesandhealthproblemsofourdayhavebeendramatically affected in positive ways by supplementation or treatment with fulvic acid and otherpreparationsenhanced,extracted,orchelatedusingfulvicacid.

Uses beneficial to humans are not the only focus here wither. The known agricultural benefits haveenormouspotentialtohealsoilsoftheworld.Yetthemajorityoftheagriculturalcommunityisvirtuallyunawareoftheimplications.Industrialusefortreatmentofsewageandlandfillwasted,neutralizationofradioactiveandtoxicwastes,andamyriadofotherusesare justbeginningstoberealized.Fulvicacidhasalreadybeenfoundtohavetremendouspotential.

FulvicAcidMajorAttributes

OneofNature’sMostPowerfulOrganicElectrolytes1

Fulvicacidisanorganicnaturalelectrolytethatcanbalanceandenergizebiologicalpropertiesitcomesintocontactwith2.Anelectrolyteisasubstancethatissolubleinwateroranotherappropriatemediumthatiscapableofconductingelectricalcurrent3.

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Thepowerofanelectrolytehasbeenshown in repeated testsonanimalcells (giantamoebae); tobeable to restore life inwhat researchers termed “abeautiful demonstration” and “astonishing”.Whentheelectrolytepotentialwas takenawayduring the test, the cell rupturedanddisintegrated into thesurrounding fluid causing death. Upon reintroducing electrical potential, the cell reconstructed andbecameactiveandhealthy4!

It was also determined from these same studies, that similar results could be expected of theprogressive weakness among humans that results from unchecked haemorrhage, overwhelmingemotionalstress,uncontrolledinfections,unbalanceddiet,prolongedlossofsleep,andsurgicalshock.Theseexamplesareallaccompaniedbyasteadydecreaseinelectricalpotentialthatcaneventuallybereduced to zero at death. These studies show convincingly that the physical well being of plants,animals,andhumansisdeterminedbyproperelectricalpotential5.

Fulvicacidhasproventobeapowerfulorganicelectrolyte,servingtobalancecelllife.Iftheindividualcellisrestoredtoitsnormalchemicalbalanceandtherebyinturnitselectricalpotential,wehavegivenlifewheredeathanddisintegrationwouldnormallyoccurwithinplantandanimalcells6.Fulvicacidhastheoutstandingabilitytoaccomplishthisobjectiveinnumerousways7.

PromotesElectrochemicalBalanceasDonororReceptor

Fulvicacidisavailableattimesasanelectrondonorandatothertimesasanelectronacceptor,basedonthecell’srequirementsforbalance8.Oneofthereactionsthatoccurisalwaysanoxidationreactioninwhichthechemicalspeciesloseselectronsasadonor.Theotherreactionisareductioninwhichtheactivespeciesgainselectronsasanacceptor9.Arecentstudyofthebindingofadonormoleculetofulvicacid in solution revealed direct evidence for donor-acceptor charge-transfer mechanisms10. Tracemineralsinthefulvicacidelectrolytecouldalsobebeneficialinthisprocessbyservingaselectrodes11.

OneoftheMostPowerfulNaturalFreeRadicalScavengers&AntioxidantsKnown12

Freeradicalsoffulvicacidbehaveaselectrondonorsoracceptors,dependingupontheneedforbalancein the situation13. Fulvic acid can in the same way take part in oxidation-reduction reactions withtransitionmetals14.

Complexes&DissolvesMinerals&TraceElements15

Fulvicacidisespeciallyactiveindissolvingmineralsandmetalswheninsolutionwithwater.Themetallicmineralssimplydissolveintoionicform,anddisappearintothefulvicstructurebecomingbio-chemicallyreactiveandmobile.Thefulvicacidactuallytransformsthesemineralsandmetalsintoelaboratefulvicacidmolecularcomplexesthathavevastlydifferentcharacteristicsfromtheirpreviousmetallicmineralform.Fulvicacid isnature’swayof“chelating”metallicminerals,turningthemintoreadilyabsorbablebio-available forms.Fulvicacidalsohas theuniqueability toweatheranddissolvesilica that it comesintocontactwith.

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EnhancesNutrients16

Fulvicacidenhancestheavailabilityofnutrientsandmakesthemmorereadilyabsorbable.Italsoallowsmineralstoregenerateandprolongstheresidencetimeofessentialnutrients. Itpreparesnutrientstoreact with cells. It allows nutrients to inter-react with one another, breaking them down into thesimplestionicformschelatedbythefulvicacidelectrolyte.

TransportsNutrients17

Fulvicacidreadilycomplexeswithmineralsandmetals,makingthemavailabletoplantrootsandeasilyabsorbablethroughcellwalls.Itmakesmineralssuchasiron,whicharenotusuallyverymobile,easilytransported through plant structures. Fulvic acids also dissolve and transport vitamins, coenzymes,auxins,hormones,andnaturalantibiotics18 thataregenerally foundthroughoutthesoil,makingthemavailable.Thesesubstancesareeffectiveinstimulatingevenmorevigorousandhealthygrowth19.Thesesubstancesareproducedbycertainbacteria,fungi,andactinomycetesindecomposingvegetationinthesoilithasbeendeterminedthatallknownvitaminscanbepresentinhealthysoil20.Plantsmanufacturemany of their own vitamins, yet these from the soil further supplement the plant. Upon ingestionanimalsandhumanseasilyabsorbthesenutrients,duetothefactthattheyare intheperfectnaturalplantformasnatureintends.Fulvicacidcanoftentransportmanytimesitsweightindissolvedmineralsandelements21.

CatalyzesEnzymeReactions22

Fulvic acid has close association with enzymes23. It increases activity of enzymes, and especiallyinfluences respiratory catalysts. Fulvic acids increase theactivityof severalenzymes includingalkalinephosphates,transaminase,andinvertase.

IncreasesAssimilation24

Fulvicacidmetalorganiccomplexesareofalowmolecularweight25,andbecauseofthistheyarealsooflowmolecularsize,andarecapableofahighdegreeofpenetrationintocells.Fulvicacidcomplexesandchelates are able to readily pass through semi-permeable membranes such as cell walls. Yet it isimportanttonotethatithasalsobeendeterminedthatfulvicacidsnotonlyhavetheabilitytotransportnutrients though cellmembranes, they also have the ability to sensitize cellmembranes and variousphysiologicalfunctionsaswell26.

StimulatesMetabolism27

Fulvicacidappearstocausethegeneticmechanismofplantstofunctionatahigher level. Ithasbeenconcludedthatanymeansbywhichplantcellsareexposedtofulvicacidcanimprovegrowth28.Oxygenis absorbedmore intensely in the presence of fulvic acids29. Fulvic acid aids in penetrating roots andthenquicklytransportstotheshootsofplants30.Fulvicacidrelievesoxygendeficiencyandincreasesthevitalactivityofcells.Fulvicacidschangethepatternofthemetabolismofcarbohydrates,resultinginanaccumulation of soluble sugars. These soluble sugars increase the pressure of osmosis inside the cell

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wallandenableplantstowithstandwilting.Fulvicacidenhancesgrowthandmaystimulatetheimmunesystem31.

DetoxifiesPollutants32

An important aspect of humic substances is related to their sportive interaction with environmentalchemicals, either before or after they reach concentrations toxic to living organisms33. The toxicherbicideknownasParaquatisrapidlydetoxifiedbyhumicsubstances(fulvicacids34).Fulvicacidshaveaspecialfunctionwithrespecttothedemiseoforganiccompoundsappliedtosoilaspesticides35.Ithasbeen established that fulvic acid is vital in helping to form new species of metal ions, binding withorganicpollutantssuchaspesticidesandherbicides,andcatalyzingthebreakdownoftoxicpollutants.Radioactivesubstancesreactrapidlywithfulvicacid,andonlyabrieftimeisrequiredforequilibriumtobereached36.Allradioactiveelementsarecapableofreactingwithfulvicacidandthusformingorgan-metalcomplexesofdifferentabsorptivestabilityandsolubility.

DissolvesSilica

Fulvic acids are especially important because of their ability to complex or chelate metal ions andinteractwithsilica37.Ithasbeenshownthattheseinteractionsmayincreasetheconcentrationsofmetalions and silica found in water solutions to levels that are far in excess of their assumed dissolutionability38.

SynthesizesorTrans-mutatesMinerals39

Fulvic acid complexeshave theability tobio-reactonewithanotherandalso inter-reactwith cells tosynthesize or trans-mutate new mineral compounds. The trans-mutation of vegetal silica andmagnesium to form calcium in animal and human bones is a typical example of new synthesis ofminerals40.(SeeFulvicAcid&VegetalSilicabeginningonpage40).

EnhancesCellDivisionandElongation41

Fulvicacidstimulatesandbalancescells,creatingoptimumgrowthandreplicationconditions.

EnhancesthePermeabilityofCellMembranes42

Fulvicacidsactasspecificcellsensitizingagentsandenhancethepermeabilityofthecellmembrane43.

IncreasesMetabolismofProteins44

Fulvic acid intensifies themetabolismof proteins, RNA, andDNA45. It has been found that fulvic aciddefinitelyincreaseDNAcontentsincells46,andalsoincreasesandenhancestherateofRNAsytheses47.

CatalyzesVitaminswithintheCell48

Fulvicacidhastheabilitytocomplexvitaminsintoitsstructure,wheretheyarepresentedtothecellincombinationwithcomplexminerals.Inthisperfectnaturalcondition,theycanbecatalyzedandutilizedbythecell.Inabsenceofadequatetraceminerals,vitaminsareunabletoperformtheirproperfunction.

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ChelatesAllMonovalent&DivalentElementstowhichitisexposed

Fulvicacidhasthepowertoformstablewater-solublecomplexeswithmonovalent,divalent,trivalent,andpolyvalentmetal ions. It canaid theactualmovementofmetal ions thatarenormallydifficult tomobilizeortransport49.Fulvicacidsareexcellentnaturalchelatorsandcationexchangers,andarevitallyimportantinthenutritionofcells.

FulvicAcid,OriginandOverview

IntheBeginning

InthebeginningtheEarthwasblessedwithoptimumorganicgrowingconditions.Thesoilhadawealthofminerals, traceelements,andrichhumussoil teamingwithmicrobes.TheEarth’smineralshadnotyet leached and eroded into the seas, and because of that, the soil was exceptionally fertile. Thevegetationwasverylushandabundant,asisevidencedbyancientremainsthatweknowwereformedintocoalandoildeposits.

HumicDeposits

But therehavebeen foundothermostunusual remains thatgeologistscallhumicdeposits.Theyalsocamefromthatancient lushvegetation.Thesehumicdepositsneverdidturn intooilorcoal,becausetheywerenotexposedtothesametremendouspressures,andwereverynearthesurfacewheretherewasabundantmicrobialactivity.Thesedepositsarequiterareandcanbefoundinvariousareasoftheworld.Someofthesedepositsareexceedinglyrichinalittle-knownsubstancecalledfulvicacid.

FulvicAcid

Fulvicacidhasbeendiscoveredtobeoneofthemost importantnaturalmiraclesrelatedto life itself.Fulvicacidispartofthehumicstructureinrichcompostingsoil.Itisanacid50createdinextremelysmallamounts by the action ofmillions of beneficialmicrobes, working on decaying plantmatter in a soilenvironment with adequate oxygen51. It is of low molecular weight52 and is biologically very active.Because of its low molecular weight, it has the necessity and ability to readily bond minerals andelementsintoitsmolecularstructurecausingthemtodissolveandbecomemobilizedfulviccomplexes.Fulvicacidfromhumicdepositsusuallycarries60ormoremineralsandtraceelementsdissolvedintoitsmolecularcomplexes.Thesearetheninidealnaturalformtobeabsorbedandinteractwithlivingcells53.Plantsrootsandcellsreadilyabsorbhighamountsoffulvicacid,andmaintainit intheirstructure54.Infact, it has beendiscovered that these fulvic acid complexes are absolutely essential for plants to behealthy55.

MicrobialAction

We know that ancient plant life had ample fulvic acid as is evidenced by the exceedingly rich andunusualdepositsthatare located invariousareasoftheworld.Thefulvicacid inthesedepositscamefrommassive amountsof vegetation and its further decompositionbymicrobes. Fulvic acid is then a

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naturallyoccurringorganicsubstancethatcomesentirelyfrommicrobialactionondecomposingplants,plantsthemselves,orancientdepositsofplantorigin.

FulvicAcidislackinginFoodCrops

It seems obvious thatmost of the agricultural and food crops of todaywould also contain adequateamountsoratleastsomefulvicacidanditsrelatedmineralcomplexes,butfewdo.Ashumanbeingsitwouldbereasonabletoassumethatweshouldbeconsumingfulvicacidcomplexesintheplantsweeat,andconsequentlyhavefulvicacidinoursystems.Itisobviousthatthisisthewaynatureintendedit.Butthisisnotthecase,norhasitbeenforalongtime.

Oursoilsaresick frompooragriculturalpractices,pesticides,chemical fertilizers,erosion,andmineraldepletion56,aswellassterileconditionsbroughtonby thesepractices thatprohibitmicrobialactivity.Becauseofthisourplantsaresick,containingvery littlenutrition,especiallyminerals.Forgenerationsadequate fulvicacid thatshouldhavebeencontained in theplantsweeathasbeenmissing fromourdiets, yet it is essential for our cell metabolism. Scientists have found that nutritionally we need 90differentnutrients inourdiets.Over60of thesearemineralsand traceelements.Weare simplynotgettingthemtodayfromtheplantsweeat.

Re-mineralization of soils would be of little benefit without fulvic acid and return to better farmingpractices.Re-mineralizationofourbodieswithoutthefulvicacidthatshouldbecontainedintheplantsweeat, has proven just as useless. People are sickwith degenerative anddeficiency relateddiseasesnowmorethanever.Withfulvicacidsupplementationandreturntoproperdietandfarmingpracticesthesesituationshavethepotentialtobereversed.

Science&Medicine

Fulvicacidisstillnotwellknownorunderstoodbymostofthescientific57ormedicalcommunity.Fulvicacidshavenotbeenabletobesynthesizedbychemists58,andareunabletobeclearlydefined59becauseoftheirextremelycomplexnature.Thisperplexitywarrantslittleopportunityforscienceormedicinetoexploit fulvicacid,orprofit fromnewpatents.Accumulating claimsofencouraginghealthbenefitsbythe public have been simply remarkable.Many of these health assertions have also shown that theycould be disease preventative in nature and dramatically increase longevity. This demonstrates thatfulvic acid could potentially pose a substantial long-range threat to the future of pharmaceuticalcompanies,medicaldoctors,andhealthprofessionals.Itisgoodnewsforthepublicandthealternativehealthindustry.Yetuntilnow,fulvicacidhasbeenentirelyoverlookedormisunderstoodbythemajorityofalternativehealthconcernsaswell.

BenefitsofFulvicAcid

Some scientists have recently been studying fulvic acid, and have comeupwith some amazing facts.Theytellusthatfulvicacidisoneofthefinestnaturalelectrolytesknowntoman.Ithelpswithhumandenzyme production, hormone structures, and is necessary for the utilization of vitamins. It has beenfound to be essential to living cells in carrying on metabolic process. It maintains the ideal

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environment60 for dissolvedmineral complexes, elements, and cells to bio-react electricallywith oneanothercausingelectrontransfer,catalyticreactions,andtransmutationsintonewminerals61.Itisalsooneofthemostpowerfulnaturalantioxidantsandfreeradicalscavengersknow.Ithastheuniqueabilityto react with both negatively and positively charged unpaired electrons and render free radicalsharmless.Itcaneitheralterthemintonewuseablecompoundsoreliminatethemaswaste.Fulvicacidcansimilarlyscavengeheavymetalsanddetoxifypollutants.Fulvicacidhelpstocorrectcellimbalances.

FulvicAcidMineralComplexesarebetterthanTrueColloidalMinerals62

Youmayhaveheardalltheexcitementaboutcolloidalmineralslately.Butactualtruecolloidalmineralsdon’t reallywork. It is the fulvic acid in conjunctionwith theminerals thatworks! Colloidalmineralsthemselvesarenotreadilyuseablebycells.Untilnow,thealternativehealthcommunityhaspraisedthevirtuesofcolloidalminerals.Mostsocalledcolloidalmineralpreparationshavefulvicacidinthem,yetitmay be of low or inconsistent volume or stability, and are usually incorrectly labelled as colloidal bysuppliers.Thesesdealersareobviouslytotallyunawareoffulvicacidoritsvalues.

Buyers beware! Some dealers are marketing highly diluted or counterfeit preparations. It has beendeterminedthatsomepreparationsmayhavehadsulphuricacidorotheracidsaddedtotheextractionvats to help them increase the dissolved solid content. Some of the preparations, especially thosecomingfromcertainancient lakebedscouldbeveryunsafe.Truecolloidalmineralsarestill inmetallicformonlysmallerinsize.Todiscernifapreparationistrulycolloidalyoucanobtainalaserpenlightfromelectronicstoresforabout$20.Asimplelasertestwillshowabeamoflightasvisibleinpassingthrougha colloidalmineral solution (unless it has nothing in it), because the light is reflecting off of solids. Asolutionwith an adequate level of stabilized fulvic acid containing the very sameminerals shows novisiblebeambecausethemineralsaredissolvedintoamolecularfulviccomplex.Infact,thesolutioncancontainmuchhighermineralconcentration63whendissolved64intofulvicacid65.Itismostimportanttorealizethatfulvicacidistheperfectvehicleprovidedandintendedbynaturefortransportofmineralstolivingcells66.Ifaproducthasfulvicacidinityoucanusuallytellbytheunusualacidictastethatisuniqueonlytofulvicacids.

HiddenTreasures

Goodqualityfulvicacidfromhumicdepositshasover60differentmineralandtraceelementcomplexesthatnaturallyoccuralongwiththefulvicacid.Thesecomplexesarehiddentreasuresofthepast,intheperfectplantform,justasnatureprovides.Thesetracemineralsareanadditionalbonustothemiracleoffulvicacid.Thesefulviccomplexesarehundredsoftimessmallerthanlivingcells,andareamazinglyabsorbable by them. It ismost important to know that fulvic acid has the unique ability to enhance,potentiate, and increase absorption of many other compounds such as vitamins, herbs, minerals,tinctures, and foodswithwhich it is combined. Fulvic acid is oneof nature’smiraclesof unparalleledproportion!

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FulvicAcidsFurtherDefined

FulvicAcids:Whatarethey?Wheredotheycomefrom?Whatcantheydo?Whydoweneedthem?

Though virtually unknown to the layman, there is perhaps no substancemore vital to life (with thepossibleexceptionofoxygenandwater)thanthebiologicallyderivedcompoundsknownasHUMICandFULVICACIDS.Fulvicacidsenterintoalllifeprocesseswithinplantsandanimalsandassuchwearsmanyhats.Whennecessary, theyactas “free radical”67 scavengers, supplyvitalelectrolytes68, enhanceandtransport nutrients69, make water wetter70, catalyze enzyme reactions71, increase assimilation72,stimulatemetabolism73,chelateandhumanizeessentialmajorandtraceelements74,anddemonstrateamazingcapacityforelectrochemicalbalance75.

UnknownFulvic

Despitethefactthatscientistsworldwidehavepublishedthousandsofpapersrelativeto“fulvicacids”andtheireffectonlivingmatter,theyhavereceivedlimitedpublicexposurebecauseoftheinabilitytoproduce and commercialize these substances. Researchers consider water extracts of 30 parts permillion (ppm) as being a high concentration. For obvious reasons the knowledge of fulvic acids havebeenconfinedprimarilytoasmall,specializedsectorofthescientificcommunity.

Howaretheyformed?

Fulvicacidisaderivativeofmicrobialdegradationofhumicsubstances.Microorganismsareessentialtotheprocess76.Eachgramofhealthytopsoilhasinexcessoffourbillionmicroorganismsthatparticipateinmanufacturingbio-chemicalsessential tohealthyplants77andanimals. If theywere to failour liveswould cease.Abetterperspectiveof their importance canbegainedby lookingat thework theydo.Microorganisms activity in preparing one acre of topsoil, expends the equivalent energy of 10,000peopledoingthesameamountofworkinthesameamountoftime78.

WhatHumicSubstancesDointheSoil

Scientists claim organic substances stimulate plant cellular growth and division, including auxin typereactions79. They enhance plant circulatory systems and promote optimum plant respiration80 andtransportationsystems81.Theydecreaseplantstressandprematuredeterioration82.Theydramaticallyimprove seed germination and promote greater fibrous root growth83. They increase the size andnumbersoflegumerootnodulesandincreaseresistancetodroughtandinsectinfestation84.

TheFulvicPlantMiracle85

Inadditiontoduplicatingmanyofthepositivefunctionsofhumicacid,fulvicacidwill:

• Stimulateplantmetabolism• GivepositiveeffectonplantRNA&DNA• Actasacatalystinplantrespiration• Increasemetabolismofproteins

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• Increaseactivityofmultipleenzymes86• Enhancesthepermeabilityofcellmembranes• Enhancecelldivisionandcellelongation• Aidchlorophyllsynthesis• Increasedroughttolerance,andpreventwilting87• Increasecropyields• Assistdenitrificationbymicrobes• BuffersoilpH• Contributeelectrochemicalbalanceasadonororanacceptor• Synthesizenewminerals• Chemicallyweatherinorganicsubstances88• Decomposesilicatoreleaseessentialmineralnutrients89• Detoxifyvariouspollutants(pesticides,herbicides,etc.)

TheEnergyContinuum(illustration) SUNLIGHT âPLANTS(Photosynthesis)â-------------------------------------------âAnimals Biomass-------------------------------------------

CoalOilandGasPeat

(StoredEnergy forFutureUse)

Microbes(Humification–MicrobialDecomposition) âHumicandFulvicAcids(Finalenergyproductsustainingbothplantsandanimals)Note: THE TWO MAJOR LIFE FUNCTIONS, WHICH CANNOT BE DUPLICATED BY MAN, AREPHOTOSYNTHESISANDHUMIFICATIONWhoandWhatAreWe?

Biologicallyashumansweconsistofvaryingamountsofthefollowingmajorandminorelements:

Calcium Iodine PotassiumIron Phosphorus HydrogenOxygen Chlorine SulphurCarbon Magnesium

Plus,tracesofaluminum,bromine,cobalt,copper,fluorine,manganese,nickel,silicon,sodium,zinc,andall theadditional (asyet)undiscoveredtraceelementneedsbeingaddedtothe listasourknowledgeincreases.

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TheBodyCellular

Theelementsweare composedof (plusorminusa fewbillion) are componentsof approximately60trillion cells. An average cell contains about 1 quadrillionmolecules, which is about 10,000 times asmanymolecules as theMilkyWayhas stars. Individual cellswhenproperly nourished, are capableofproducing many of their own amino acids, enzymes, and other factors necessary for all metabolicprocesses.Eachcell,inadditiontootherprocesses,burnsitsownenergy,maintainsitself,manufacturesitsownenzymes,createsitsownproteins,andduplicatesitself91. It isessentialtounderstandthatthetotalmetabolismofthebodyisthesumofthemetabolicoperationscarriedonineachindividualcell.

GrowthandMaintenanceNutrients

Scientists have identified at least 90 growth andmaintenance nutrients,whichmust be continuouslysupplied to thebody tosustainhealthful life.Thesegrowthandmaintenancenutrients includeaminoacids, major and trace minerals, vitamins and other nutritional factors92. When these factors aresuppliedtoourcells,thecellsthencreatethebuildingblocksforthetotalmetabolicmachineryofourlifeprocess.Thebuildingblockspresent inthemetabolicmachineryofhumanbeingsare(inthegreatmajority of cases) the same as the building blocks contained in the metabolic machinery of otherorganismsofextremelydifferenttypes93.

Organismsvary in their capacity toproducesomeof thesebuildingblocks internally.Someorganismsare capable of producing all amino acids within their cells. Humans can produce all but eight. Someorganisms canproducemanyof the vitaminswithin their cells.We canonly produceone94. The verycomplexprocessesofallmetabolicfunctionsarecarriedonwithinthecell. Ifwefailtosupplythecellwith the essential growth and maintenance nutrients we will experience a breakdown of thesefunctions.When this breakdown is substantial we have the onset of disease or themanifestation ofsomerelateddefect.

NutritionalDeficiencies

Totaldeficienciesinoneormoreofthegrowthandmaintenanceofnutrientswhichhumancellsneedfor healthful metabolism is now a rare occurrence, but substantial deficiencies in the growth andmaintenancenutrientsisacommonfactortoeverydegenerativediseaseweexperience95.

SickSoils,SickPlants,SickPeople

All naturally fertile soils contain adequate amounts of humic and fulvic acids produced by residentmicrobeswithinthesoil.Humicandfulvicacidsassisttheplantinobtainingitscompletenutrition.Ourmodernagricultureaimsatonegoal(withfewexceptions),whichismarket.Foodqualityissacrificedforfoodquantity.Since the farmer ispaidby thebushel,yield isparamount tonutritionalcontent. Inhisfranticeffortforyield,hehassuccumbedtothePiedPipersofagro-chemicalcompanieswithproductsto sell. He is further decoyed by bad advice from county agents and higher schools of learning thatprotectthe“grant”statusofmoneysreceivedfromthesesameagro-chemicalcompanies,whoadvocatetheapplicationofexcessiveamountofnitratefertilizerstothesoil.Suchpracticesstunanddestroythe

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indigenousmicrobial lifewithinthesoil.Whenmicrobial life is inhibitedordestroyed,vitalhumicandfulvicacidsareexhausted.

GoneAretheMinerals

Whenmicrobesaredepleted fromthesoils, theyareno longerpresent toconvert inorganicmineralsinto organic minerals needed by plants. Excessive use of nitrate fertilizers inhibits the formation ofnormalplantproteinsandstimulatesanover-abundanceofunusedaminoacidsthatattractsinsects96.Since pets were created to eat diseased plants this introduces the ideal environment for increasedinfestation because of increased insect food supply. The farmer’s reaction is more pesticides andfungicidestosavehisinfestedcrop.Thisinturninhibitsordestroysevenmorevitalmicroorganismsthatareessentialtomineralconversionstoplantnutrients.

UnsafeFoods

Thesedeficient,pesticideladenproductsareturnedinto“cash”whichthefarmerthinksisthebottomline.Lackinginorganictraceelementsandothernutritionalfactors,butlongonchemicalresiduesfrompesticides,insecticides,herbicides,thesenutritionallyhollowproductsenduponthetablesofAmerica.Withouttaste,anddeficientinorganicmineralsandnutrients,wepee,boilandovercookwhatremainsandask,“WhydoIhurt?”

CanGoodFoodsBeFound?

AverysmallpercentageoftheagriculturallandsofAmericaarefertileenoughtoproducenutritiousandhealthyfoods.Anhonesteffort inattemptingtoselectahealthfuldietfromgroceryshelvesmaybeanutritional disaster. Unless you are fortunate enough to organically grow your own foods,supplementationisanecessity.

TheVitaminConnection

In this century common vitamin deficiency diseases have been reduced dramatically due to ourawarenessoftheroleofvitaminsinnutrition.Newbreakthroughsarejustbeginningtoemergeintheuse of increased dosages for treatment of some ailments. It should be noted however that vitaminscannotcompletetheirfunction inthecell’smetabolismwithoutthepresenceofcertainminerals.Thismay explain the fascinating effects of humic and fulvic acids at work in living organisms. Fulvic acidchelated andbinds scoresofminerals into abio-available form,usedby cells as needed. These traceminerals serve as catalysts to vitamins within the cell97. Additionally, fulvic acid is on to the mostefficienttransportersofvitaminsintothecell.

TheEnzymeConnection98

Anenzymeisacatalystthatdoesnotenter intoareactionbutspeedsuporcausesareactiontotakeplace.Enzymesarecomplexproteins.Theburningofglucoseincellsforinstance,requirestheactionofseveralenzymes,eachworkingonthesubstrateofthepreviousreaction.Eachcellof thebody(whenproperlynourished)iscapableofproducingtheenzymesneededforcompletemetabolism99.Research

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hasshownthatfulvicacidimprovesenzymaticreactionsincellsandproducesmaximumstimulationofenzyme development100. The fulvic acid molecule often contains within its structure coenzymes andimportantfactors,whichthecellsmayutilizeinstimulationofenzymereactionsandthemanufacturingof,andformationofenzymes101.

Fulvicacidwillinallprobability,befoundtobeoneofthekeyfactorsofenzymereactionswithalllivingcells.

FreeRadicalsandAntioxidants

Freeradicalsarehighlyreactivemoleculesorfragmentsofmoleculesthatcontainoneormoreunpairedelectrons102. They circulate through the body causing great mischief in bonding to and injuring thetissues. In addition to destroying tissue, they magnify the probability that injured cells will becomesusceptibletoagreatmanyinfectionsanddisease,ormutateandcausecancer.

SuperAntioxidants

In recent years frantic efforts have been made to locate and isolate compounds with extraordinaryaffinityforfreeradicals.Entireindustrieshaveevolvedaroundsuchefforts,withnearlyeveryvendorofhealthfoodproductofferingsuitablesolutions.Becauseofthelimitedpublicknowledgeconcerningthegreat contribution fulvic acid plays as a bi-directional super antioxidant,we need to consider certainfacts.

FulvicAcidandtheFreeRadicalConnection

To gain knowledge of how antioxidants tie up free radicals wemust understand their workings, andexplodeageneralmisconception.Forantioxidanttobindafreeradicaltheantioxidantmoleculemusthave unpaired electrons of equal and opposite charge to that of the unpaired electrons of the freeradical.Inasensethefreeradicalscavengerisitsselfafreeradicaloritcouldnotmateandneutralizethedestructiveeffectsoffreeradicals.

WhoWearstheWhiteHat?

Wehavefoundthatfulvicacidisapowerful,naturalelectrolytethatcanactasanacceptororasadonorinthecreationofelectrochemicalbalance.Ifitencountersfreeradicalswithunpairedpositiveelectronsit supplies an equal and opposite negative charge to neutralize the bad effects of the free radicals.Likewise, if the free radicals carry a negative charge, the fulvic acid molecule can supply positiveunpairedelectronstonullifythatcharge.

AntioxidantsandBeyond

Being a bio-available chelatedmolecule that can “also” chelate, fulvic acidwears thewhite hat. As arefinerandtransporteroforganicmineralsandothercellnutrients, ithastheability toturnbadguysintogoodguysbychelatingandhumanizingfreeradicals.Dependinguponthechemicalmakeupofthefreeradical,theycanbeincorporatedintoandbecomeapartoflifesustainingbio-availablenutrients.

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Theymay become an asset instead of a liability. In the event that the chemicalmakeup of the freeradical is of no particular benefit, it is chelated, mobilized, and carried out of the body as a wasteproduct.

TheHumanExperience

The following public statement was made by the late Dr. Clyde Sandgrin prior to the discovery andnamingofactiveingredientsinhumicextractsolutionslaterfoundtobefulvicacidmineralcomplexes:

“IfIhadtochoosebetweentheliquidmineralandelectricity,electricitywouldhavetogo.”

Reportedclaimsofbenefitsarelittleshortofastonishing.Forinternalusetheyare:

• Increasedenergy• Alleviatesanaemia• Chelatesbodytoxins• Reduceshighbloodpressure• Magnifiestheeffectofherbalteasandtinctures• Chelatesallmonovalentanddivalentmetals• Isapowerfulnaturalelectrolyte• Restoreselectrochemicalbalance• Stimulatesbodyenzymesystems• Helpsrebuildtheimmunesystem

Reportedclaimsofexternalbeneficialuse:

• Treatingopenwounds• Healingburnswithminimumpainorscarring• Eliminatingdiscolorationduetoskinbruises• Killingpathogensresponsibleforathletes’foot• Actingasawidespectrumanti-microbialandfungicide• Treatingrashesandskinirritations• Helpingtohealcutsandabrasions• Helpinghealinsectbitesandspiderbites• Neutralizingpoisonivyandpoisonoak

HumanExperiencewithFulvic

TheHealingandRegenerativeInfluencesofLowMolecularWeightHumicSubstances(FulvicAcid)OnHumanTissuesandCells

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Test103wereconductedbyDr.W.Schlickewei104andfiveassociates105attheUniversityHospital inFreiburg,German,onhumanpatientsrequiringtransplantationorreplacementofboneduringsurgery.Thetransplantationofbonetissue isrequired inabout15%ofallcasesofreplacementsurgeryofthelocomotorapparatus,anditisgenerallyappliedtoreconstituteandrepairactualdefectsinthebone.

Humandonor tissueshavebecomescarcedue to special legal requirementsandnecessaryadditionaltestingbecausesuchtissueshaveahighdangeror transmitting theHIVvirusandhepatitis.Therearealsoobviousdisadvantages tousingbonegrafts fromotherareasof thesamepatient’sbodybecausethey require a second operation and prolong the length of time in surgery. The only other knownsubstitute source available in largeenoughquantities for clinical usewas animal bone in the formofinorganiccalciumcompounds(bovinecalciumhydroxyapatite),andalthoughthesewerewelltoleratedbythebody,theyshowednosignsofbeingreabsorbed.

Remarkableboneregenerationandre-absorptioncharacteristicswereidentifiedwhentheanimalboneimplants were impregnated with a low molecular weight humic substance *fulvic acid) prior totransplant in topatients.Thebone implant thenbecamehighlyosteoconductive,andserved thehosttissue as a “guide-line” for the deposition of newly developing bone tissue. The same transplantprocedurewithoutthefulvicacidshowednosignsofregenerationduringthecourseoftheexperiment.

Whileonthelookoutforanewgroupofactiveagentswiththeabilitytopromotewoundhealing,thedoctors came across the humic substances. The doctors said that the bone resorption ismost easilyexplained by the known ability of humans to induce the activation of the leucocytes. They said thatpreviousexperimentshadestablishedthatthehumicsubstancesareabletobindtocalcium-containingcompounds,stimulategranulocytes,andblocktheinfectivityoftheHIVvirus.

Summary: In this clinical test and previous experiments, fulvic acid has been shown to activate andstimulatewhitebloodcells,promotinghealing,turninorganiccalciumintoanorganicbio-activecellularregenerativemediumconductivetonewbonegrowth,stimulatecellulargrowthandregeneration,andinhibittheHIVvirus103.

AnimalExperimentswithFulvic

Early studieswith livestock animalswere conducted by Dr. Charles S. Hansen, D.V.M. in the state ofCaliforniaonanexperimental basis.Dr.Hansen’s tests includedablendof fulvic acid andhumic acidusedasafeedadditive.Healsousedfulvicacidaloneasatreatmentforspecificailmentsinlivestock.Theresultsofsupplementfeedingandtreatmentincluded.

DairyCowsAfter2monthsonsupplementnobacterialorviralinfectionsHerdofover300,after3monthsonsupplement,increasedbutterfatproductionby15%HerdonsupplementcutbackonhighproteinrationswithnodecreaseinproductionAllcowsonsupplementexperiencedmorecompletedigestionCows with bacterial infection (mastitis) treated with 1 pint of fulvic acid solution recovered to fullproductionsin12to24hours.Whenusingantibioticstotreatmastitistherecoverywasonly50%-70%after2-3weeks.

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HogsAnimalsonthesupplementexperiencedbetterandmorecompletedigestionThefreechoicesupplementin36hrsactedasanexcellentvermifuge(dewormingagent)ThesupplementcompletelyeliminatedNecro,abloodydiarrhoeainhogsMinkAnimalonthesupplementexperiencedmorecompletedigestionWhenonthesupplementwerelessvicious,moredocileSupplementedanimalsceasedfurchewingSuccessfullyeliminatedmostdiseasescommontominkherdsPoultrySupplementingtofeedactedasavermifugePulletsgivensupplementwerefreeofmostdiseasesPulletsonsupplementexperiencedmorecompletedigestionofotherfeedsindietPulletsonthesupplementproducedeggsofsuperiorshellhardnessandquality

The results of these early tests support the known benefits which fulvic acid provides to all livingsystems,plantoranimal.They indicate that fulvicacidmayverypossiblybecomethemost importantfactorinhealthmanagementinthefuture.

InformationConcerningPossibleToxicMaterials

“Poisons in small doses are the best medicines, and the best medicines in too large doses arepoisonous.”–AfamousquotebyWm.Withering

1. Consumptionofplantderivedmineral fulviccomplexesbyhumansformanyyearshasshownthat they will not build up in the body tissues, as do metallic minerals. The followingobservationsandtheoriesdescribethereasonswhy:

a. Cells have the ability to accept or rejectminerals, including aluminum, lead, arsenic,mercury,etc.,attheirdiscretionwhenpresentedasorganicfulviccomplexes.Itshouldbeconsideredthatthesemineralsmaynotnecessarilybepresentto“nourish”cells,butareneededtoactas“electrodes”inthefulvicelectrolytesolution.Inthatcapacitytheyareprobablymostessentialforbio-reactions,electrontransfer,catalyticreactions,andtransmutations.

b. Fulvic acid carries complexedminerals in “trace” amounts only, at similar levels as iscommonly found in healthy plants grown inmineral rich soil under optimumorganicgrowing conditions. These “trace” mineral complexes should not be confused withmetallicminerals.

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c. Fulvicacidhastheabilitytocomplexandremovestoxicmetalsandothermineralsfromthesystem.Fulvicacidmineralsolutionshavebeeningestedbypeopleformanyyears,yethaveneverbeenshowntocausetoxicmineralbuild-upinhumans.

d. It isobvious thatwhenmetals,minerals, and traceelementsbecomecomplexed intofulvic acid, they take on an entirely new property of availability, unlike their originalform.

e. Itiswhenfulvicacidisnotpresentthatoneshouldseriouslyworryabouttoxicbuildupfromanysource.Thiscouldaccountforthehealthproblemsthatarecausingconcerntodayinour“fulvicstarved”society.

2. Aluminummakesup12%oftheEarth’scrust,andisthemostabundantmetallicelement

a. Aluminum is found in biological quantities inmost plants grown in soil.Most of ourfoodcropscontain20-200ppmormoreofaluminum.Incropstoday,thisconcentrationwouldnormallybeintheabsenceoffulvicacid.

b. Known biological function of Aluminum is to activate the enzymes succinicdehydrogenase. It increases survival rate of newborn infants, and according toProfessor Gerharkt Schrauzer, head of the department of chemistry at UCSD, is anessentialmineralforhumannutrition.

c. The Harvard University newsletter recently published a statement that none of thescientificreportsregardingtherelationshipbetweenAlzheimer’sdiseaseandaluminumstatedwhatformthealuminumwasin.

d. InastudythatappearedNovember5,1992inthesciencejournal,NATURE,FrankWatt,ctal(UniversityofOxford)usedahighlyaccuratelaboratorytechniquetoquantifythelevelsof aluminum in thebrainsofAlzheimer’spatients. To their great surprise, theyfoundthesamelevelsofaluminuminthebrainsofnon-Alzheimer’scontrolastheydidinAlzheimer’spatients.Wattsbelievesthataluminumcontaminatedstainsgavefaultyresultsintheearlystudiesthathighlightedaluminumasahealthrisk.

3. Scienceisjustlearningaboutothersupposedlytoxicmineralsa. Itisnowgenerallyacceptedthatarsenicisinfact,intracelevels,anessentialelement

foroptimalhealthandlongevity.Thelevelsofarsenicthatmostpeopleingest infoodorwaterarenotusuallyconsideredtobeofhealthconcern.

b. Despiteall theadversehealtheffectsassociatedwitharsenicexposure, there is someevidence that low levels of exposuremay be beneficial to good health. Test animalsmaintainedonadietdeficientinarsenicdidnotgainweightnormally,andtheybecamepregnant less frequently that the control animals maintained on a diet containing a

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morenormal(but low)concentrationofarsenic.Also,theoffspringfromthedeficientanimalstendedtobesmallerthannormal,andsomediedatanearlyage.

c. Arsenic has been found to be essential for survivability of newborn babies and alsoneonatalgrowth.Arsenichasbeenshowntopromotethegrowthrateinanimals.

d. Likemostplants,tobaccocontainstraceamountsofcadmiumandlead.Itisinterestingtonote thatpeople that smoke tobaccohave about twice asmuch cadmium in theirbodies as do non-smokers. Higher levels of lead are also found in smokers. It wouldstandtoreasonthatburningconvertsthenaturalorganicplantformsofthesemetals.

e. The metabolic antagonism between mercury and selenium results in the protectionfromseleniumpoisoningbymercuryandtheprotectionagainstmercurypoisoningbyselenium.Amutualantagonismbetweenthetwoexists.

f. Takingintoolittlezincisatleastasimportantahealthproblemastakingintoomuchzinc.Withoutenoughzincinthediet,peoplecanexperiencelossofappetite,decreasedsense of taste and smell, slow wound healing, and skin lesions. In severe cases inchildren,toolittlezinccancausepoorlydevelopedsexorgansanddwarfism.

References:

AgencyforToxicSubstancesandDiseaseRegistry,PublicHealthStatements:Arsenic,Aluminum,Mercury,Zinc,Selenium,Cadmium,Lead.

Kehoe, R.A., et al.: Manganese, Lead, Tin, Aluminum, Copper and Silver in Normal BiologicalMaterial.J.Nutr.July,1940.Pages85-98.

Aluminum,FriendorFoe?

FalseInformation

Undocumented information brings disseminated throughout the health food industry regardingaluminum toxicity, has causedundue concern tohealth-conscious individuals everywhere.Becauseofthe persistence of such claims it would be well to examine the issues from the standpoint ofdocumentedevidenceandreason.AluminumisoneofthemostabundantelementsonEarth,withoneseventh of the Earth’s crust beingmadeupof that element. It is never found in its pure formbut isalwayscombinedwithotherelements,silicabeingoneofthemostcommon.

HealingClays

Aluminum combineswith oxygen and silica, tomakeup themajor elements inmontmorillonite clays;which people have beneficially used *externally and internally) for thousands of years. Any claycompoundfoundinhealthfoodstorescontainsveryhighlevels(tensofthousandsofpartspermillion)ofaluminum.Aluminumisamajorcomponentinallsoilsandentersthefoodchainateverylevel,beitplantoranimal.Ifnaturalcompoundsof“organic”aluminumweretoxicorhazardoustohumanhealth,lifeasweknowitonplanetEarthwouldcease.

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WhereDidItStart?

AluminumreceivedabadrapwhenafoundryworkerinEnglandwhopulverizedaluminumpelletsintopowder, died of aluminum toxicity. Without goggles, mask or protective clothing he continued hisoccupation until he became dysfunctional. At his death an autopsy revealed abnormal quantities ofaluminuminhislungs,cellsandtissues,allofwhichcontributedtohisuntimelydeath.Healthadvocatesimmediatelymannedthetorchandspreadthewordthataluminumisatoxicpoison,whichshouldbebannedinanyformfromcontaminatingfood,drinkormedicine.

IronToxicity

Anymajoror traceelementusedunder identical circumstances to thatof theEnglish foundryworkerwouldproducetoxicity.Essentialtraceelementsare“essential”onlywhenusedintraceamounts.Whenused inexcess theybecome toxic (poison). The same is truewith the “major” elements suchas iron.Whenusedinexcesstheybecometoxic.Thefactthatmostnaturalcompoundsofaluminumareinertandpassthroughthesystemwithharm…coupledwiththefactthataluminumisneverfoundinnatureinthepureform,pointstotheabsurdityoftheclaimsthatallformsofaluminumaretoxic(poison).

AnimalStudies

Controlledstudiedonratsreceivinghighlevelsoraluminumintheformofpotassiumaluminumsulfate,revealednoappreciabledifferencesbetweenthecontrolgroupsreceivingthealuminum-freedietandanimalsreceivingthe“high”aluminumdiets.Theresearchersreported:

“Minute traces of aluminum were found in the various tissues on all of the diets. The aluminum-containingdietswerefedforfourgenerations,withnonoticeabledifferencesfromtheanimalsonthenormaldietinbehaviouroringrowthcurvesbeyondaslightlygreaterinitialgrowthintheratsreceivingaluminum”.

An investigation similar to that above was conducted on dogs. As was the case with rats, smalleramountsofaluminumwerefoundinthetissuesofthenormallyfeddogs,andtheseamountswerenotappreciablychangedexcept in the liver, followingprolonged ingestion (threemonths)ofaluminum inamounts of 230ppmand1550ppmdaily (6 and2 animals respectively).Nodetrimental effectswerenotedinthehealthoftheanimals.

Afewanalysesforaluminuminhumanautopsiesarereported.Theseingeneralareinaccordwiththefiguresreportedfortheratanddog,withtheexceptionthatthefiguresfortheliverarelowerandfortheheartandbrainhigher.

PoisonfromtheGarden

Mostfoodcropscontain20-200partspermillionofaluminum;withbeanstesting1640ppm106(46.5mg per ounce). The internationally recognized, Oregon State University scientist, Dr. Melvin N.Westwood,states;thatofthethousandsofanalysesofplantandfruitfibreswhichhehastested…notone sample has ever shown the absence of aluminum. Nor does he believe that samples run in an

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“aluminum-free”culturecouldbegrownwithoutthepresenceofaluminum…sinceallseedscontainthatelement.

Allgreen-leafyvegetablesusedinsaladsandgreen-drinkscontain“high”levelsofaluminum.Onionsareespecially high in aluminum, and the strawberry receptacle is loaded with natural compounds of“organic” aluminum. Reported in parts permillion;mint leaves contain 160 ppm…plantain leaves 56,beets28,beetleaves72,withvariousmarinealgae40-98ppmalaluminum.Evenourgoodfriendssuchas spinach contain 102 ppmof aluminum. If natural forms of aluminumare toxicwhy dowe classifymostoftheaboveashealthfoods?Andhereagainwhataboutthequestionofbuild-upinthebody?

TheAlzheimer’sMyth

Beansandotherlegumesareespeciallyhighinaluminum(1640ppm)whichsimplystated,meansthatifnatural forms of aluminum contributed in any way to Alzheimer’s disease, all ethnic groups eatinglegumes as a staple part of their diet would manifest epidemic numbers suffering from Alzheimer’sdisease. We would suggest that anyone believing that all forms of aluminum are toxic should useextremecautionineatinganythingfromthegarden.

TheTeam

Nutrientsalwaysworkasateam.Whenthereisanabnormalconcentrationofoneelement,itresultsinan upsetmetabolic balance. Human effort to produce super concentrates of any nutrient with totaldisregard to theoverall systemsability todealwith thesameelement inhighconcentration isdeadlypoison.Organicarsenicintraceamountsisessential,yetinhigherconcentrationsisapoison.Weshouldnotmistakenly assume thatbecause certainelements are lethal inhigh concentrations, that theyarealso harmful in “trace” amounts. Such concentrates results in harm to the user. Selenium in traceamounts is absolutelyessential. The sameelement inhigh concentrations is adeadlypoison.Organicarsenicintraceamountsisessential,yetinhigherconcentrationisapoison.Weshouldnotmistakenlyassume thatbecausecertainelementsare lethal inhighconcentrations, that theyarealsoharmful in“trace”amounts.

ToBe,OrNottoBe(NaturalandUnnatural)

Alltraceelementsfoundinorganicbedsofancientoriginmustbeassumedtobeofimportance.Theseelementshavebeenplacedtherebynatureandnotbyman.Becausewefindnaturalformsofaluminuminallourfoodchainswecannotassumethat“plantderived”aluminumisnon-essential.Torefineoutaluminum,arsenicandother traceelements frommineralsextracted fromnaturallyoccurringorganicbeds,istochangefroma“natural”toan“unnatural”state.

To refine out aluminum, arsenic and other trace elements from minerals extracted from naturallyoccurringorganicbeds,istochangefroma“natural”toan“unnatural”state.

Since organic aluminum is in all plant foods without exception, one of the surest methods ofdetermining whether a product is natural in the presence (or absence) of aluminum. If there is noaluminumitcannotbenatural.Allweneedtoclearourvisionconcerningtheessentialnatureoftrace

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elements is toreviewthe literaturewithrespecttotrace-elementsonceconsiderednon-essentialandseethesurprisingnumberofthosesameelementsthathavesincebeendiscoveredto“very”essential.Tobe“slow-learners”isbetterthantobe“no-learners”evenifwedohavetoeathumble-pie.

In all likelihood, Aluminum (as contained in plants) may yet prove to be one of our closest friends.(Especiallyinthecomplexwithfulvicacid).

ColloidalMineralsvs.ComplexMinerals

DefinitionofColloidandColloidal

“A colloid is: A state of matter in which the matter is dispersed in or distributed throughout somemedium called thedispersionmedium. Thematter thus dispersed is called thedispersephaseof thecolloidsystem.Theparticlesofthedispersephasearelargerthantheordinarycrystalloidmolecule,butnotlargeenoughtosettleoutundertheinfluenceofgravity.”107

“Colloidsasdefinedinphysicalchemistryare:A.acolloidalsystem,onewhichafinelydividedsoledissuspendedinaliquid:suchcolloidsrangefromsolutionstogelsB.acolloidalsuspension.C.asubstancethatwhensuspendedinaliquidwillnotdiffuseeasilythroughvegetableoranimalmembrane.”108

According to Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences: “Colloidal mineral particles each consist ofmanyaggregates, and each aggregate contains many molecules.” Thus, it stands to reason that colloidalmineralsexistinparticlesizesmanytimeslargerthansomeothermineralforms.

Becauseoftheirsize,colloidalmineralsarenotabsorbedbythebody109.

“Acolloidalmineralisonethathasbeensoalteredthatitwillnolongerpassthoughcellwallsorotherorganicmembranes110”.–Dr.RoyalLee

FulvicAcidandColloidQuestionsandAnswers

Q.Whatisacolloid?

A.Colloidsaresolidparticlesofextremelysmallsizethat(whenmixedwithaliquid)willnotsettleout.Ifthe particles dissolve they are no longer colloidal but are dissolved solids. Undisclosed colloids orparticleswillalwaysreflectlighttoagreaterorlesserdegreedependingonthenumberandsizeoftheparticlespresent.

Q.Howcantheordinarypersondetermineifasolutioncontainscolloidalminerals?

A.Allcolloidsinsuspensionreflectlight.Usingalaserpen-lightapersoncandirectitsbeamthroughasolutionsupposedlycontainingcolloids.Ifcolloidsarepresentthebeamwillbedistinctandveryvisible,dependingupon the strengthof the solutions. If therearenocolloidspresent therewillbenovisiblebeams.Anyproductclaimingtobecolloidalmineralsbutwhichproducesnovisiblebeamwithalaserisfalselylabeledcolloidal.

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Q.Doplantsproduceandusecolloidalminerals?

A.Plantsdonotproduceorusecolloidalminerals.

Q.Howthen,doplantsgetneededminerals?

A.Plantsdonotproducenorusecolloidalmineralsbutaresupplieddissolvedmineralcomplexesfromsoilmicroorganismsthatcananddousecolloidalminerals.Throughphotosynthesis,plantsmanufacturesugars and exude some of these mucopolysaccharides at the root level. Being slippery themucopolysaccharides lubricate the soil and help the roots enlarge and grow. Microorganisms relishpolysaccharidesandrapidly increase innumbers. In return, themicroorganismssupplysoluble,organ-complexedmineralsthatplantneedforhealthandvitalgrowth.

Q. What happens when the microorganisms that supply essential organ-complexed mineral aredestroyed?

A. The plants lose their flavour, nutrition and vitality, and humans develop deficiency diseases inepidemicproportions.

Q.Hasthemicroorganism-producedbio-chemicalbeenidentifiedthatisresponsibleforcomplexingandmobilizingmineralsforassimilationbyplants,andinturnanimalsandhumans?

A. Yes, this extremely complex substancehasbeen isolated. It is called fulvic acid and is produced inextremelysmallamountsinorganicallyrichsoilsteamingwithvitalmicroorganisms.

Q.Can,orhasFulvicAcideverbeensynthesized?

A.No,norisiteverlikelytobe,consideringtheextremelycomplexnatureofthematerial.

Q.HasFulvicAcideverbeenextractedcommercially?

A.Yes,butbewareofcounterfeits.

Q.Howisitextracted?

A. it isextracted fromancientcompostedmaterial formonce livingmatterandcontainsall themajorandtraceelementspresentwhentheseorganically richdepositswere laiddown.Fulvicacidchelates,solubilizesandcomplexesallmonovalentanddivalentmineralsintobio-nutrientsofthehighestdegreeofabsorbabilityforbothplantsandanimals.Itisthestrongestnaturalelectrolyteknown,andiscapableof potentizing and enhancing the beneficial effects of the various nutrients, herbs or tinctures withwhichitmaybecombined.Withoutitlifewouldceasetoexistasweknowit.

Q.Inwhatamountscanitsafelybeused?

A.Sinceitisacatalystaswellasacellnutrientandanextremelyeffectiveanti-oxidant,itshouldbeusedwithallprudenceandreason.

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Q.DoesFulvicAcidcontaincolloidalminerals?

A.No,FulvicAciddoesnotcontaincolloidalminerals(suspendedparticles)butcontainscomplexedanddissolvedmineralsandtraceelementsinthesomeformourCreatorintendedforustousethem.

Q.WhenFulvicAcidisusedtocomplexordissolveothermetalsorminerals,will itthenrespondtothelaserlight?

A.WhenFulvicAcidisusedtocomplexothermetalsorminerals,theybecomecomplexedanddissolvedbecoming a part of the life-givingmolecule ofwhich Fulvic Acid is composed. Therefore,metals andminerals complexed with Fulvic Acid will not respond to the laser light; hence a Fulvic solutioncontaininghundreds,per thousandsofpartspermillion (ppm)ofdissolvedmetalormineralswillnotrespondtoalaserlight.Therearenosuspendedparticlesinsolutiontoreflectlight.

Myths

Myth:Plantrootsturnmetallicmineralsintocolloids.

Truth:Fulvicacid,createdbymicrobesturnsmetallicmineralsintomolecularcomplexes,whichinturnareavailabletoplantroots.

Myth:Extractsfromancienthumicdepositscontaincolloidalminerals.

Truth:Extractsfromancienthumicdepositscontainfulvicacidmineralcomplexesinvaryingrationsandconcentrations.

Myth:Colloidsarereadilyabsorbablebyhumanorplantcells.

Truth: The term “colloids” was incorrectly used by some confused individuals, and the industry hascontinuedtobuilduponit.Truecolloidalmineralsarenotreadilyabsorbable,exceptforalownumberinsomesamplesthathavebeenreducedtoionicsize.Thesewouldstillbemetallicinformandnotgoodfor the body. The term colloid is beingmistakenly used to refer to fulvic acid complexes, which arereadilyabsorbableandintheperfectelectrolyteformtoreactwithcells.

Myth:TheT.J.Clark,RocklandMine,andrelatedsmallclaimsinEmeryCount,aretheonlyonesoftheirkindtohaveeverbeendiscovered.

Truth: There are considerable other deposits far richer than these claims. Fulvic acid is continuallyconditionsexist.Itcanbefoundworldwide.

AnalysisofFulvicAcid

StructureProblem

An accurate evaluation of the traceminerals and elements in the chelated structure of fulvic acid iscomplicatedbythefactthatnoscientificattemptstoidentifyitsmolecularstructurehavesucceededto

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date111. It is known that fulvic acid is a substance that is continuously formed by microbes fromdecayingplantandanimalmatter.Manyofthebeneficialeffectsoffulvicacidtoplantsandanimalsarealsoknownandthelistisincreasingdramatically.Stillonlythemicrobesthatformedfulvicacidsknowhow to make it and how it is structured. Every human attempt to either duplicate it or unmask itsstructurehasfailed.

MineralAffinity

Though fulvic acid is usually found having a molecular weight of less than 700, it is capable ofcomplexing or chelating 2 to 6 times more metals than other higher molecular weight complexingagents112.

Russianscientistsconductedsomecomparativestudiesonweatheringwhich involvedthechelationofinorganicmineralsintothefulvicacidcomplex.Thefulvicacidwasbroughttoaneutralsolutionbythe100th day of the testing but continued to actively chelate through 200 days. Another 200 dayswereadded to the experiment and the chelating action still continued. The experiment was concludedwithoutknowinghowlongtheactionwouldcontinue113.

CellularAction

It is known also that fulvic acid is readily admitted into living cells. This may be in part to its lowmolecularweight,itselectricalpotential,itsbio-transportingabilityorfactorsyettobediscovered.Itisknownhoweverthatonceinsidethe livingcell itparticipates inselectivetradingorsupplyofmineralsandothernutrientfactorsinsidethecell114.Inadditiontosupplyingessentialnutrientstothecellithasbeen shown that the fulvic acid can chelate toxins reducing them to a harmless state. The fulvic andhumic acids are effective in neutralizing such a wide range of toxic materials from heavy metals,radioactivewaste,petro-chemicalsand industrialwastethattestsaresoontobeconductedonanewsystemdesignedtocompost landfillrefuseusingthefulvicandhumicacidstosafelyrenderalltoxinsharmless. On the cellular level fulvic acid is superior for neutralizing toxins, heavymetals and otherharmfulsubstancesandcarryingtheseintrudersoutofthebody115.

ConventionalTestingApproaches

Having established the ability of fulvic acid to chelate or complex with minerals and other micro-nutrients, and its ability to carry these factors into the cells while picking up harmful substances inexchangeforsafedisposaloutofthecell,letusknowturntothechallengeoffindingoutwhatthefulvicacidhadchelatedwith.Reports fromadistributorofamineral solutionwhichcontainedanunknownamount of fulvic acid revelled that conventional Mass Spec tests submitted to several laboratoriesresulted in large variations for the same samples of thematerial. The variances in the totalmineralsshownwerefromunder40toover50andthisonthesamesample.Thevarianceintheamountsofeachmineral present in the analysis ran from50% to 60%difference in detected amounts. These kinds ofresultswereofnovalueatall.Thisexperienceisnotunusualwithanyconventionaltestingoffulvicorhumic acid. Whether one used Mass Spec, Atomic Absorption, Fire Assay or other conventionaldetection approaches to find out what is complexed into these natural organic acids, and in what

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specificamounts,youwillnevercomeupwithauniformresult.Thereareobviousfactors inboththefulvicandhumicacidcomplexeswhichattimesmaskelementsfromviewandatothertimesshowsuchhigh readings as tobe totally outof reason. They key tounlock this riddle is yet tobediscoveredorannouncetothescientificcommunity. Itmaybereasonable toassumethat thisdiscoverywillappearupontheheelsofthediscoveryofthemolecularstructureoffulvicandhumicacids.

Analysis Information and Observations by TwoMajor Producers of Fulvic Acid Containing MineralExtracts

WhatWestwoodEnterprisessaysaboutanalysisoftheirproduct:

1.“Throughthecrossreferenceofvarioustestswehavehadrunonthefulvicacidmineralcomplexthatweproduce,weareconfidentthatitcontains60tracemineralselements.Thenatureofoursourceforfulvic acid clearly reveals that it is resting in thematerial fromwhich itwas originally formedby themicrobes.This fact insures that ishas chelatedall theelementsandminerals in its complex from thebalanceoftheseelementswhichexistsinlivingthings.”

2. “WedohavevariousMassSpec laboratory reviews thatweredoneonourproduct.Those reviewsvarysignificantlyinbothquantity(ppm)andnumberorvarietyofmineralsandelementsfromonelabtothenextevenonthesamesample.Anoverviewofallreportsandanaveragingofdatashowwhatwefelt to be reasonable estimation. These tests do show however that in a cross section of all reports,thereareinexcessof60tracemineralsinournaturalfulvicacidsolutions.

3. “In reviewing ourMass Spec laboratory reports for publishing,we have determined that they alsocontainconfidentialinformationrelatingto,andcombined,withproprietaryresearchonnewproductsandprocedureswhichareyetunknowntotheindustry.Reportsforpublicreviewwillbeavailableinthefuture”.

WhatT.J.Clark&Companysaysinregardtoananalysis:

1.“Usingametalassay(analysis),asatooltoselectatracemineralproductforhumanconsumptionisnotavaliduse,excepttoshowthelevelsofpotentiallytoxicmaterials.”

2.“Thereareliterallymillionsofpotentialcomplexesthatcanexistinthisenvironment.Itisimpossibletobreak thesecolloidsdownandgiveyouanaccuratepictureofeachone.Mostof thesecomplexeshave not been identified and the knowledge does not exist to explain their function.” Analysisexplanation,fromT.J.Clarkofficialliteratureanddirective.

3.“Withthestandardmethodoftesting,knownasspectroscopy,theresultsareonlyapproximateandare variable from lab to lab. Toour knowledge there areonly two super electronmicroscopes in thecountry that could possibly detect particles down to the size of the very small colloids found in ourproduct.Noknownmethodcanestablishtheexactformtheyarein.”

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4. “These assays are limited in their ability to detect the very small colloids and none of them areequippedtodeterminethecomplexedformtheyarein,oriftheyaretrulyplantderived.”InaTechnicalInternational,Inc.,ontheT.J.Clark&Companyletterhead.

RadioactiveReactionswithFulvicandHumicSubstances

AccordingtoSzaloy,radioactiveelementsreactwithhumicsubstancesandrequireonlyabrieftimeuntilequilibriumisreached116.

F.W.Pauli stated that thesolubility,migration,andaccumulationofuraniumare influencedbyhumicand fulvic acids. The fuel discharged from the light water reactors is contaminated with substantialamountsofplutoniumanduranium.Theseionsreactwithhumiccompoundsatamuchmorerapidratethandocopper,nickel,lead,orcadmiumions117.

PillaiandMathewagreedthatitwouldnotbeunrealistictopresumethatthegeochemicalbehaviourofplutoniumanduraniumisinfluencedbyhumicsubstances.Theyreportedthepresenceofplutoniuminpurified organic material extracted from coastal sediments and indicated the possibility of theaccumulationofplutoniumonorganicsurfacesbecausetheconcentrationofplutoniumincreasedovertime. As they confirmed that the organicmatter solubilized the plutonium, they discovered that theaddition of organicmatter inhibited the hydrolysis and precipitation of the added plutonium. It wasfurther reported that this scenario duplicated the action with uranium and other radioactiveelements118.

Rashidstatedthatnuclearreactorwastescontainunuseduranium,thebasicfuel,andlong-livedfissionproduct nuclides and actinides, including plutonium, strontium-90, zirconium-95, iodine-129, cesium-137andcesium135,all inabundance.Activatedmetalssuchascobalt-60, iron-59,andmanganese-54also are present in reactor waste. He states that the basic reactions of these materials with humicsubstancesareparalleltothoseofothertransitionandtracemetals119.

“Radioactiveelementshaveanaffinityforhumicandfulvicacids.Theyformorgan-metalcomplexesofdifferentabsorptivestabilityandsolubility.Uraniumandplutoniumareinfluencedbyhumicsubstancesas are other pollutingmetals, each being solubilized and absorbed, thereby annihilating that specificradioactivity120.”

ReportedClaimsofEffectiveTreatmentofSymptoms

Anemia Cystitis HighBloodSugarAngina Dermatitis MigraineHeadachesArteriosclerosis Diabetes MultipleSclerosisArthritis Diarrhoea MuscleCrampsBurns Diverticulitis NervousDisordersBloodClots Eczema NervousStomachBursitis Edema OpenSoresCancers Fractures ParasiteInfectionChemicalBurns GallStones Shingles

27

ChronicFatigue Gastritis SunburnChronicIndigestion Gout StrokeChronicPsoriasis Heartburn ToxicBuildupCirculationProblems Haemorrhoids UlcersCommonColds HighBloodPressure VaricoseVeinsColitis HIVVirus YeastInfectionsCroup Hypoglycemia

FulvicAcidandVegetalSilica

MostCalciumSupplementsDon’tSeemtoBeEffective

It hasbecomeobvious that calcium supplements arenotworkingproperly. People continue to sufferdeficiency and degenerative diseases in spite of efforts from the medical profession to remedy theproblem.Peoplethathavehadlargeamountsofcalciumintheirwatersupply,milk,andothermineralsources,shownoimprovementeither.

How is the human bodymeant to obtain calcium? It is awell-known fact that the human bodywasmeanttoeatadiethighinfreshfruits,vegetables,andgrains.Inthatknowledgeistheanswerandkeytotheproblem.

FulvicAcidandVegetalSilica

Fresh food crops grown in balanced organic soil, high in compost and teamingwithmicrobeswouldcontainamplefulvicacidandvegetalsilica.Yettodayourcropsaregrowninnearsterilesoilwithfewmicrobes, little fulvic acid, andarepicked, refrigeratedand storeduntil theyareoftennot very freshanyway.Yethowwouldvegetalsilicaandfulvicacidhelpwithcalcium?

VegetalSilicaTransmutatesintoCalcium

Thepublicwillbeinterestedtolearnthatmajorcalciumbenefitsarebestderivedfromvegetalsilicaandnotfromcalcium.Asmoreandmoreinformationisdiscoveredabouttheprofoundimportanceofsilicain the human diet, noted researchers are suggesting that silica should be listed as an “essential”element.AmongthoseresearchersisProfessorLouisC.Kervran,aformerMinisterofHealthinFrance.Aidedbytheofficial laboratoriesofFrance,Kervranandassociatesconcludedthatthecalciumneededby animal cells seldom is derived from mineral calcium; rather, it is the product of “biologicaltransmutations”fromsilicaandotherelements.

ProfessorLouisC.Kervran’sResearch

They found that chickens totally deprived of calcium produced soft shelled eggs. When “mica” wasaddedtotheirdiets,thehens’abilitytolaycalciumrich,hardshelledeggswasrestored.Micacontainsnocalcium;butitdoescontainpotassiumandsilica,bothofwhichcanbebiologicallytransmutatedintocalcium.

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Kervranfoundthatananalysisofincubatedchickeneggsrevealedthathatchedchickscontained400%morecalciumthandidtheeggfromwhichtheycame.Examinationofeggspriortoincubation,revealedthe yoke and the white to be separated from the shill by a membrane rich in organic silica. Afterincubation, the membrane was no longer present. The silica had transmutated into calcium, whichaccountedforthefour-foldincreaseofcalciuminthehatchedchicks.

Thesesameresearchersconductedothercontrolledanimalexperiments.Whenvegetalsilicawasaddedtothedietsofanimalswithbrokenbones,theboneshealedmuchfasterandstrongerthanthebonesofacontrolgroupofanimalsdeficientinvegetalsilicabutrichinmineralcalcium.

AbsenceofSilicainConjunctionwithDegenerativeDisease

Patients with degenerative diseases nearly always show a considerable deficiency of silica in theirbodies.Ithasbeenfoundthatgeographicalareasrichinvegetalsilicahavelowercancerrates,whiletheoppositeistrueoflocaleswithhighcalciumintakeandlowsolublesilica.

It becomes obvious then, that fulvic acids complexed with vegetal silica, which is in nature perfectorganicplantform,canprovidecomponentsnecessaryfortransmutationtocalciuminourbodies.Fulvicacid has been found to be especially good at dissolving organic silica. Fulvic acid also provides theperfectelectrolytetoallowbio-reactionsassociatedwithtransmutationsofmineralstotakeplaceinthecell. It is believed throughobservations, that vegetal silica complexedwith fulvic acidhad theuniqueability to help dissolve metallic minerals in diseased tissue, transmutate and relocate useable newmineralcomplexestootherareasneededbythebody.

VegetalSilicavs.MineralSilica

ProfessorKervranalsofoundthatvegetalsilicatransformstomineralsilicaasplantsageorovermature.Experimentsshowedthatthemineralsilicabecamemoreharmfulbecauseitdecalcifiesthebody.

So, it is importanttorealizethatonlyyoungfreshrapidlygrowingplantscontainsolublevegetalsilica.Anditisimportanttoknowthatthisformofsilicainconjunctionwithnaturalenzymesandbio-factorsfoundinfulvicacid,mostlikelymaximizesbenefitsessentialtoproductionofcalciuminourbodies.

Itisalsoimportanttounderstandthatmostcommercialsourcesofvegetalsilicaareunreliableastotheageandmaturityofplants,andoftencontainmaturemineralsilica.Farmersandsupplierswilloftensellwhatevertheycangettomeetmarketdemand.Theydon’treallyunderstandtheimplications.

It is important to bear in mind that it is imperative to have a very reliable source to obtain highconcentrationsofhelpfulvegetalsilica.Itmustbeharvestedfromactivelygrowingyoungplantstobeofproperbenefit.

Ultimately the answer to the calcium crisis lies in the human consumption of crops grown underoptimumorganicconditionswithabundantnaturalfulvicacidandtracemineralsthatwouldbehighinsolublevegetalsilica.Inthemeantime,supplementationswithfulvicacidcomplexedwithvegetalsilicaextractwillaccomplishsimilarresults.

29

ScienceHasaLessontoBeLearned

TheWisdomofMan,andthe“Theory”ofChemicalFertilizers

TheStoryofJustisvonLiebig

ThemanthatisgivencreditforbeingresponsiblefortheoriginofchemicalfertilizersisJustisvonLiebig.Youmight call him the “Father of N-P-K” (nitrogen, phosphorus, potash), because of his agriculturalstudiesanddiscoverieswithregardstotheuseofthesethreeelements.HelecturedbeforetheBritishAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.Hisreasoningwasthatonecouldanalyzetheproduceofanacreandreturnthenutrientsremoved,alongwithaddingalittleextra.Hearguedthatmanandanimalsreceivednourishmentandsupportfromplants,whereasplantsderivetheirmeansfromonlyinorganicsubstances. These lectures took place in about 1841. Eventually hewas convincing enough that theyacceptedhis“buildupprogram”.Agriculturalsciencewentonfromthatdaytobuildtheirentirebasesonhispremise,andhascontinuedtothisdayinthesepracticeswithouteverlookingback.

In1843,JustisvonLiebigrecordedthefollowingobservationsconcerninghispreviouswork,butitwastoolate,fewlistened:

“I had sinned against the wisdom of our creator, and received just punishment for it. I wanted toimprovehishandiwork,andinmyblindness,Ibelievedthatinthiswonderfulchainoflaws,whichtieslifetothesurfaceoftheearthandalwayskeepsitrejuvenated,theremightbeamissinglinkthathadtobereplacedbymethisweekpowerlessnothing.”

“Thelaw,towhichmyresearchonthetopsoilledme,states,“Ontheoutercrustoftheearth,undertheinfluenceofthesun,organiclifeshalldevelop”.Andso,thegreatmasterandbuildergavethefragmentsoftheearththeabilitytoattractandholdalltheseelementsnecessarytofeedplantsandfurtherserveanimals, likeamagnetattractsandholds ironparticles,soasnopiecebe lost.Ourmasterenclosedasecond law unto this one, through which the plant bearing earth becomes an enormous cleansingapparatusforthewater.Throughthisparticularability,theearthremovedfromthewaterallsubstancesharmfultohumansandanimals–allproductsofdecayandputrefaction,ofperishedplantandanimalgenerations.”

“Whatmightjustifymyactionsisthecircumstance,thatamanistheproductofhistime,andheisonlyabletoescapethecommonlyacceptedviewsifaviolentpressureurgeshimtomusterallofhisstrengthtostrugglefreeofthesechainsoferror.Theopinion,thatplantsdrawtheirfoodfromasolutionthatisformedinthesoilthroughrainwater,waseveryone’sbelief.Itwasengravedintomymind.Thisopinionwaswrongandthesourceofmyfoolishbehaviour.”

“When a chemist makes mistakes in rating agricultural fertilizers, don’t be too critical of his errors,becausehehashadtobasehisconclusionsuponfactswhichhecan’tknowfromhisownexperience,butrather,hehastotakefromagriculturaltextsastrueandreliable.AfterIlearnedthereasonwhymyfertilizerwasn’teffectiveintheproperway,Iwaslikeapersonthatreceivedanewlife.Foralongwiththat, all processes of tillage were now explained as to their natural laws. Now that this principle is

30

known and clear to all eyes, the only thing that remains is the astonishment of why it hadn’t beendiscoveredalong-timeage.Thehumanspirit,however,isastrangething;“Whateverdoesn’tfitintothegivencircleofthinkingdoesn’t’exist”.”

References

1.Liebig, J.v.1841.OrganicChemistryand itsApplicationtoAgricultureandPhysiology.translatedbyJ.W.WebsterandOwen.J.Cambridge.

2. Liebig, J. v. 1843. TranslationandObservations fromFamilyMembers,Available1992, Switzerland.ProvidedbyDavidLarsonandCharlesMartin.Translatedtoanunpublishedmemo.

3.Liebig,J.v.1856.Onsomepointsofagriculturechemistry.JournaloftheRoyalAgricultureSociety.17,284-326.

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2VitalElectrolytes–Baker,W.E.(1973).GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa,37,269-281.

3Gamble,D.S.,&Schnitzer,M.(1974).TraceMineralsandMetal-OrganicInteractionsinNaturalWaters.AnnArbor,MI:AnnArborScience

4Powerofanelectrolyte–Crile,G.(1926).Abipolartheoryoflivingprocesses.NewYork:McMillan.

5Decreaseinelectricalpotential–Crile,G.(1926).Abipolartheoryoflivingprocesses.NewYork:McMillan.

6powerfulelectrolyte–Jackson,WilliamR.(1993).Humic,FulvicandMicrobialBalance:OrganicSoilConditioning,329.Evergreen,Colorado:JacksonResearchCenter.

7NewElectronicEncyclopedia.(1991).Photosynthesis.GrolierElectronicPublishing.

8Donorandacceptor–Jackson,WilliamR.(1993).Humic,FulvicandMicrobialBalance:OrganicSoilConditioning,329.Evergreen,Colorado:JacksonResearchCenter.

9Donorandreceptor–Rashid,M.A.(1985).Geochemistryofmarinehumicsubstances.NewYork:Srpinger-Verlag.

10Donor,receptor–Sposito,G.,Holtzclaw,K.M.,LeVesque,C.S.,&Johnston,C.T.(1982).Tracemetalchemistryinarid-zonefieldsoilsamendedwithsewagesludge.II.Comparativestudyofthefulvicacidfraction.SoilScienceSocietyAmericaJournal,46.265-270.

11Mineralcomplexesinfulvicmayserveaselectrodes–Rashid,M.A.(1985).Geochemistryofmarinehumicsubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

31

12Freeradical–Senesi,N.(1990)AnalyticaChimicaActa,232,51-75.Amsterdam,TheNetherlands:Elsevier.

13Freeradical–Senesi,N.,Chen,Y.,&Schnitzer,M.(1977b).TheroleofhumicacidsinextracellularelectrontransportandchemicaldeterminationofpHinnaturalwaters.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,9,397-403.

14Oxidationreduction–Senesi,N.,Chen,Y.,&Schnitzer,M.(1977b).TheroleofhumicacidsinextracellularelectrontransportandchemicaldeterminationofpHinnaturalwaters.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,9,397-403.

15Dissolvesmetalsandminerals–Ong,H.L.,Swanson,V.D.,&Disque,R.E.(1970)Naturalorganicacidsasagentsofchemicalweathering(130-170).U.S.GeologicalSurveyProfessionalPaper700c.Washington,DC:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.

16Enhanceandtransportnutrients–Christman,R.F.,&Gjessing,E.T.(1983).Aquaticandterrestrialhumicmaterials.TheButterworthGrove,Kent,England:AnnArborScience

Also:Prakash,A.(1971).Terrigenousorganicmatterandcoastalphytoplanktonfertility.InJ.D.Costlow(Ed),Fertilityofthesea,2.351-368.(ProceedingsofanInternationalSymposiumonFertilityoftheSea,SaoPaulo,Brazil,LondonandNewYork:GordonandBreachScience)

17Enhanceandtransportnutrients–Prakish,A.(1971).FertilityoftheSea,2,351-368.

18Williams,S.T.(1963).Areantibioticsproducedinsoil?Pedobiologia,23,427-435.

19Stimulategrowth–Konovona,M.M.(1966).Soilorganicmatter.Elmsford,NY:Pergamon.

20Allknownvitaminsinsoil–Konovova,M.M.(1966).Soilorganicmatter.Elmsford,NY:Pergamon.

21Manytimesitsweight–Deb.B.C.(1949).Themovementandprecipitationofironinsoils.JournalofSoilScience,1,112-122.

22Catalyzesenzymereactions–Khristeva,L.A.,Luk’Yanonko,M.V.(1962).Roleofphysiologicallyactivesubstancesinsoil-humicacids,bitumen,andvitaminsB,C,P-PAandDinthelifeofplantsandtheirreplenishment.SovietSoilScience,10,1137-1141.

23Fulvicandenzymes-Pardue,H.L.,Thownshend,A.,Clere,J.T.,VanderLinden(Eds.),(1990,May1).AnalyticaChimicaActa,SpecialIssue,HumicandFulviccompounds,232(1),1-235.(Amsterdam,Netherlands:ElsevierSciencePublishers)

24Increaseassimilation–Buffle

25lowmolecularweight,Aiken,G.R.,McKnight,D.M.,&MacCarthy,P.1985).Humicsubstancesofsoil,sedimentandwater,NewYork:Wiley-Interscience.

32

26Sensitizecellmembranes–Rashid,M.A.(1985)Geochemistryofmarinehumicsubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

27Stimulatemetabolisms-Rashid,M.A.(1985)Geochemistryofmarinehumicsubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

28Geneticandgrowth–Jackson,WilliamR.(1993).Humic,FulvicandMicrobialBalance:OrganicSoilConditioning,538.Evergreen,Colorado:JacksonResearchCenter.

29Oxygenisabsorbed–Konovona,M.M.(1966).Soilorganicmatter.Elmsford,NY:Pergamon

30Rapidtransporttoshoots–Konovona,M.M.(166).Soilorganicmatter.Elmsford,NY:Pergamon

31immunesystem–Syltic,P.W.(1985),Effectsofverysmallamountsofhighlyactivebiologicalsubstancesonplantgrowth.BiologicalAgricultureandHorticulture,2,245-269;and,Researchreportsandstudies,AppropriateTechnologyLtd.Dallas,TX:MurraySinksIIofATL(Publisher)

32Modifydamagebytoxiccompounds–Christman,R.F.,&Gjessing,E.T.(1983).Aquaticandterrestrialhumicmaterials.TheButterworthGrove,Kent,England:AnnArborScience.

Also:Prakash,A.(1971).Terrigenousorganicmatterandcoastalphytoplanktonfertility.InJ.D.Costlow(Ed.),Fertilityofthesea,2,351-368.(ProceedingsofanInternationalSymposiumonFertilityoftheSea,SaoPaulo,Brazil,London,andNewYork:GordonandBreachScience)

33environmentalchemicals–

34paraquat–Fisher,A.M.,Winterle,J.S.,&Mill,T.(1967).Primaryphotochemicalprocessesinphotolysismedicatedbyhumicsubstances.InR.G.Zika&W.J.Cooper(Eds).Photochemistryofenvironmentalaquaticsystem(141-156).(ACSSymposiumSeries327).WashingtonDC:AmericanChemicalSociety

35Pesticides–Aiken,G.R.,McKnight,D.M.&MacCarthy,P.(1985).Humicsubstancesofoil,sedimentandwater.NewYork:Wiley-Interscience.

36Radioactiveproperties–Szalay,A.(1958).Thesignificanceofhumusinthegeochemicalenrichmentsofuranium.Proceedingsofthe2ndInternationalConferenceonthePeacefulUsesofAtomicEnergy,2,12-186(London:Pergamon)

37dissolvesandweatherssilica–Huang,W.H.&Deller,W.D.(1970).Dissolutionofrock-formingsilicatemineralsinorganicacids;simulatedfirst-stageweatheringoffreshmineralsurfaces.AmericanMineralogicalJournal,55,2076-2094.

38Dissolvessilica–Kodama,H.,Schnitzer,M.,&Jaakkimainen,M.(1983).Chloriteandbiotiteweatheringbyfulvicacidsolutionsinclosedandopensystems.CanadianJournalofSoilScience,63,619-629.

33

39Transmutateorsynthesisofnewminerals–Schnitzer,M.,Dodoma.H.(1977).Reactionsofmineralswithsoilhumicsubstances.InJ.B.Dixon&S.B.Weed(Eds.),Mineralsinsoilenvironments(Chap.21)).Madison,WI:SoilScienceSocietyofAmerica.

40See“TheFulvicAcid,VegetalSilicaMiracle”laterinthisreport,andfurtherdocumentationofKervran,LouisC.,BiologicalTransmutations.

41Cellelongation–Poapst,P.A.,&Schnitzer,M.(1971).Fulvicacidandadventitiousrootformation.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,3,215-219.

42Enhancepermeabilityofcellmembranes–Christman,R.F.,&Gjessing,E.T.(1983).Aquaticandterrestrialhumicmaterials.TheButterworthGrove,Kent,England:AnnArborScience.

Also:Prakash,A.(1971).Terrigenousorganicsmatterandcoastalphytoplankton,fertility.InJ.D.Costlow(Ed.),Fertilityofthesea,2,351-368.(ProceedingsofanInternationalSymposiumonFertilityofthesea,SaoPaulo,Brazil,London,andNewYork:GordonandBreachScience)lowmolecularweight,Aiken,G.R.,McKnight,D.M.,&MacCarthy,P.1985).Humicsubstancesofsoil,sedimentandwater,NewYork:Wiley–Interscience

43Sensitizingagent–Prakash,A.(1971).Terrigenousorganicmatterandcoastalphytoplanktonfertility.InJ.D.Costlow(Ed.),Fertilityofthesea,2,351-368.(ProceedingsofanInternationalSymposiumonFertilityoftheSea,SaoPaulo,Brazil,London,andNewYork:GordonandBreachScience).

44increasemetabolismofproteins–Christman,R.F.,&Gjessing.E.T.(1983).Aquaticandterrestrialhumicmaterials.TheButterworthGrove,Kent,England:AnnArborScience.

Also:Prakash,A.(1971).Terrigenousorganicmatterandcostalphytoplanktonfertility.InJ.D.Costlow(Ed.),Fertilityofthesea,2,351-368.(ProceedingsofanInternationalSymposiumonFertilityoftheSea,SaoPaulo,Brazil,London,andNewYork:GordonandBreachScience)

45proteins,DNA,RNA–Khristeva,L.A.,Soloche,K.I.,Dynkina,R.L.,Kovalenko,V.E.,&Grobaya,A.I.(1967).Influenceofphysiologicallyactivesubstancesofsoilhumusandfertilisersonnucleicacidmetabolism,plantgrowthandsubsequentqualityoftheseeds.HumusetPlanta,4,272-276.

46Proteins,DNA,RNA–Jackson,WilliamR.(1993).Humic,FulvicandMicrobialBalance:OrganicSoilConditioning,569-570.Evergreen,Colorado:JacksonResearchCenter.

47SynthesisofRNAandDNA–Khristeva,L.A.(1968).Aboutthenatureofphysiologicallyactivesubstancesofthesoilhumusandoforganicfertilizersandtheiragriculturalimportance.InF.V.Hernando(Ed.),Pontificaacademecscientariumcittadelvaticano(701-721).NewYork:JohnWiley.

48Catalysttovitaminswithinthecell–Williams,Dr.RogerJ.(1977).TheWonderfulWorldwithinYou.Bio-CommunicationsPress.Wichita,Kansas.

49Transportmetalions–Schnitzer,M.,&Khan,S.U.(1972).HumicsubstancesintheenvironmentNewYork:Decker.

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50Acidityoffulvicacid–Schnitzer,M.(1977).Recentfindingsofthecharacterizationofhumicsubstancesextractedfromsoilsfromwidelydifferingclimaticzones.ProceedingsoftheSymposiumonSoilOrganicMatterStudies,Braunsweig(117-131).

51Environmentwithadequateoxygen–Schnitzer,M.(1977).Recentfindingsofthecharacterizationofhumicsubstancesextractedfromsoilsfromwidelydifferingclimaticzones.ProceedingsoftheSymposiumonSoilOrganicMatterStudies,Braunsweig(117-131).

52Lowmolecularweight–Aiken,G.R.,McKnight,D.M.,&MacCarthy,P.(1985).Humicsubstancesofsoil,sedimentandwater,NewYork:Wiley-Interscience.

53Absorptionbycells–Azo,S.&Sakai,I(1963).Studiesonthephysiologicaleffectsofhumicacid.Part1.Uptakeofhumicacidbycropplantsanditsphysiologicaleffects.SoilScienceandPlantNutrition,9(3),1-91.(Tokyo)

54translocationoftraceelementstoleaftissues–Aiken,G.R.,McKnight,D.M.,&MacCarthy,P.(1985).Humicsubstancesofsoil,sedimentandwater,NewYork:Wiley-Interscience

55Importantforthehealthofplants–Christman,R.F.,&Gjessing,E.T.(1983).Aquaticandterrestrialhumicmaterials.TheButterworthGrove,Kent,England:AnnArborScience.

Also:Prakash,A.(1971).Terrigenousorganicmatterandcoastalphytoplanktonfertility.InJ.D.Costlow(Ed.),Fertilityofthesea,2,351-368.(ProceedingsofanInternationalSymposiumonFertilityoftheSea,SaoPaulo,Brazil,London,andNewYork:GordonandBreachScience).

56depletedmineralsinsoil–SenateDocument#264

57Impossibletodefine–Vaughan,D.,&Malcolm,R.E.(1985b).Soilorganicmatterandbiologicalactivity.PlantandsoilScience,16,1-443.(Dordrecht,Netherlands:MartinusNijhoff/Dr.W.Junk)

58unabletobesynthesized–notclearlydefined.Murray,K.,&Linder,P.W.(1983).Fulvicacids:Structureandmetalbinding.I.Arandommolecularmodel.JournalofSoilScience,34,511-523.

59Unabletodefine–Senesi,N.,Chen,Y.,&Schnitzer,M.(1977b).TheroleofhumicacidsinextracellularelectrontransportandchemicaldeterminationofpHinnaturalwaters.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,9,397-403.

60EffectontotalEarthenvironment–Buffle,J.(1988).Complexationreactionsinaquaticsystems:Ananalyticalapproach.Chichester:Horwood.

61Transmutateorsynthesisofnewminerals–Schnitzer,M.,&Dodama,H.(1977).Reactionsofmineralswithsoilhumicsubstances.InJ.B.Dixon&S.B.Weed(Eds.),Mineralsinsoilenvironments(Chap.21)).Madison,WI:SoilScienceSocietyofAmerica.

62Seefurtherstudiesoncolloidsinlatersectionsofthisreport.

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63complexmoremetal–Rashid,M.A.(1971).RoleofhumicacidsofmarineoriginandtheirdifferentmolecularweightfractionsincomplexingDiandTrivalentmetals.SoilScience,111,298-306.

64Dissolvesmoremetal–Hoffman,M.R.,Yost,E.C.,Eisenreich,S.J.,&Mairer,W.J.(1981).Characterizationofsolubleandcolloidalphasemetalcomplexesinriverwaterultrafiltration.Amassbalanceapproach.EnvironmentalScienceTechnology,15,655.

65Minerallevelsinexcessoftheirassumeddissolutionability–Kodama,H.,Schnitzer,M.,&Jaakkimainen,M.(1983).Chloriteandbiotiteweatheringbyfulvicacidsolutionsinclosedandopensystems.CanadianJournalofSoilScience,63,619-629.

66Penetrationoffulvicintoplantcells–Prat,S.,Smidova,M.,&Cincerova,A.L.(1961).Penetrationandeffectofhumussubstances(fractions)onplantcells.InternationalCongressofBiochemistry,5th(AbstractCommun.329).(Moscow)

67“freeradical”–Senesi,N.(1990)AnalyticaChimicaActa,232,51-75.Amsterdam,TheNetherlands:Elsevier

68Vitalelectrolytes–Backer,W.E.(1973)GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa,37,269-281.

69Enhanceandtransportnutrients–Prakash,A.(1971).Fertilityofthesea,2,351-368.

70Makewaterwetter–Rashid,M.A.(1985).GeochemistryofMarineHumicSubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

71Catalyzeenzymereactions–Rashid,M.A.(1985).GeochemistryofMarineHumicSubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

72Increaseassimilation–Buffle,J.(1988).ComplexationReactionsinAquaticSystems:AnAnalyticalApproach.Chichester:Horwood

73Stimulatemetabolism–Rashid,M.A.(1985).GeochemistryofMarineHumicSubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

74Chelate…majorandtraceelements–Rashid,M.A.(1971).SoilScience,111,298-306.

75Capacityforelectrochemicalbalance–Senesi,N.(1990)AnalyticaChimicaActa,232,51-75.Amsterdam,TheNetherlands:Elsevier

76Essentialtotheprocess–Christman,R.F.,&Gjessing,E.T.(1983).AquaticandTerrestrialHumicMaterials.TheButterworthGrove,Kent,England:AnnArborScience.

77Essentialtohealthyplants–CaliforniaFertilizerAssociation.(1985).WesternFertilizerHandbook.Danville,IL:Interstate

78Sameamountoftime–Greenland,D.J.,(1965).SoilsandFertilizers.35(5),415-532.

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79Auxintypereactions–Wilkins,M.D.(Ed.).(1984).AdvancedPlantPhysiology.Marshfield,MA:Pitman.

80Plantcirculatorysystems–Rashid,M.A.(1985).GeochemistryofMarineHealthSubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

81Transpirationsystems–Kononova,M.M.(1966).SoilOrganicMatter.Elmsford,NY:Pergamon.

82Deterioration–Rashid,M.A.(1985).GeochemistryofMarineHumicSubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

83Fibrousrootgrowth–Kononova,M.M.(1966).SoilOrganicMatter.Elmsford,NY:Pergamon.

84Insectinfestation–Salk,P.L.,&Parker,L.W.(1986).ANewAgriculturalBiotechnology:PotentialApplicationsinAridandSemi-AridZones.AmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceandtheGovernmentofLaRioja,Argentina.

85TheFulvicMiracleList–Jackson,WilliamR.(1993).Humic,FulvicandMicrobialBalance:OrganicSoilConditioning.Evergreen,Colorado:JacksonResearchCenter.

86Increaseenzymeactivity–Malcolm,R.D.,&Vaughan,D.(1979).Comparativeeffectsofsoilorganicmatterfractionsonphosphataseactivitiesinwheatroots.PlantandSoil,51,117-126.

Also:Mato,M.C.,Gonzales-Alonso,L.M.,&Mendez,J.(1972).Inhibitionofenzymaticindoleaceticacidoxidationbyfulvicacids.SoilbiologyandBiochemistry,4,475-478.

87Preventswilting–Rashid,M.A.(1985)Geochemistryofmarinehumicsubstances.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.

88Chemicalweathering,Simonson,R.W.(1959).Outlineofageneralizedtheoryofsoilgenesis.SoilScienceSocietyAmericaProceedings,23,152-156.

89Dissolvessilica,Ponomareva,V.V.,&Ragim-Zade,A.I.(1969).Comparativestudyoffulvicandhumicacidsasagentsofsilicatemineraldecomposition.SocietySoilScience,1,157-165.(Trans.FromPochvovedenic.(1969),2,26-36)

90WhoandWhatAreYou?–Williams,Dr.RogerJ.(1977).TheWonderfulWorldWithinYou.Bio-CommunicationsPress.Wichita,Kansas.

91Andduplicatesitself–Williams,Dr.RogerJ.(1977).TheWonderfulWorldWithinYou.Bio-CommunicationsPress.Wichita,Kansas.

92othernutritionalfactors–ibid.

93extremelydifferenttypes–ibid.

94canproduceonlyone–ibid.

95diseasesweexperience–ibid.

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