3
OATS Surgery: What to Know Before Your Procedure When harm occurs to a part of the knee that cannot be repaired traditionally, you have a few options to recover. Osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS) surgery is a knee repair surgery that uses the patient’s own cartilage to fill in areas where it has been worn down or damaged. This is performed to improve one’s mobility and activity level, as well as to reduce the risk of further damage. Quick Introduction of what Happens in OATS If your doctor has recommended OATS, it means that there has been injury to your joint surface. This happens in high impact collisions between the major bones of the knee, likely after or during a severe meniscus tear. This procedure is different from a more common ligament tear surgery where the ligament is replaced or repaired. The joint surface is the main component of weight bearing in the knee and consists of the major bones, covered in a thin layer of cartilage. In this particular surgery, plugs, an undamaged piece of bone and cartilage, are used to replace a damaged area. These are taken from a nonweight bearing part of the knee and placed into a defect. To begin the surgery, the damaged area is prepared for the plugs by microfracture surgery to induce bleeding into the region. This is to introduce blood flow to a location that does not have any, giving it a chance of recovery. Following the microfracture, the area is prepped for the plugs by drilling out the expected size. Following this step is the harvesting of the plugs. Each plug has a specific size picked for it’s transfer location and is about 15 mm in length. As seen in the picture, the plugs come from an area up higher on the knee and off to the side where knee functionality is not disturbed. These plugs are then taken and placed into the defect to form a “mosaic” pattern to cover the entire effected area. Once these plugs are added the small cracks in between each plug can be filled in with an artificial gel to completely seal the area. Once this is completed the surgery is finished and all that is left to do is sew up the incision and begin the healing process. Options to Choose From After hearing of OATS, the next step is to decide whether it is the right choice for you. There are likely a few options that you can choose from to recover. One is a nonsurgical method where the defect is left as is, but through rehab and training the leg is strengthened to Image Courtesy of http://www.jointpain.md/procedures/cartilagetransplant.aspx

Galimberti D D FinalDraft - Sites at Penn Statesites.psu.edu/evangalimberti/wp-content/uploads/sites/47870/2016/... · OATS%Surgery:WhattoKnowBeforeYourProcedure %! When!harm!occurs!to!apartof!the!knee!thatcannotbe!repaired!traditionally,!you!have!

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

OATS  Surgery:  What  to  Know  Before  Your  Procedure     When  harm  occurs  to  a  part  of  the  knee  that  cannot  be  repaired  traditionally,  you  have  a  few  options  to  recover.  Osteochondral  autograft  transfer  system  (OATS)  surgery  is  a  knee  repair  surgery  that  uses  the  patient’s  own  cartilage  to  fill  in  areas  where  it  has  been  worn  down  or  damaged.  This  is  performed  to  improve  one’s  mobility  and  activity  level,  as  well  as  to  reduce  the  risk  of  further  damage.    

Quick  Introduction  of  what  Happens  in  OATS  

  If  your  doctor  has  recommended  OATS,  it  means  that  there  has  been  injury  to  your  joint  surface.  This  happens  in  high  impact  collisions  between  the  major  bones  of  the  knee,  likely  after  or  during  a  severe  meniscus  tear.  This  procedure  is  different  from  a  more  common  ligament  tear  surgery  where  the  ligament  is  replaced  or  repaired.  The  joint  surface  is  the  main  component  of  weight  bearing  in  the  knee  and  consists  of  the  major  bones,  covered  in  a  thin  layer  of  cartilage.  In  this  particular  surgery,  plugs,  an  undamaged  piece  of  bone  and  cartilage,  are  used  to  replace  a  damaged  area.  These  are  taken  from  a  non-­‐weight  bearing  part  of  the  knee  and  placed  into  a  defect.    

  To  begin  the  surgery,  the  damaged  area  is  prepared  for  the  plugs  by  microfracture  surgery  to  induce  bleeding  into  the  region.  This  is  to  introduce  blood  flow  to  a  location  that  does  not  have  any,  giving  it  a  chance  of  recovery.  Following  the  microfracture,  the  area  is  prepped  for  the  plugs  by  drilling  out  the  expected  size.  Following  this  step  is  the  harvesting  of  the  plugs.  Each  plug  has  a  specific  size  picked  for  it’s  transfer  location  and  is  about  15  mm  in  length.  As  seen  in  the  picture,  the  plugs  come  from  an  area  up  higher  on  the  knee  and  off  to  the  side  where  knee  functionality  is  not  disturbed.  These  plugs  are  then  taken  and  placed  into  the  defect  to  form  a  “mosaic”  pattern  to  cover  the  entire  effected  area.  Once  these  plugs  are  added  the  small  cracks  in  between  each  plug  can  be  filled  in  with  an  artificial  gel  to  completely  seal  the  area.  Once  this  is  completed  the  surgery  is  finished  and  all  that  is  left  to  do  is  sew  up  the  incision  and  begin  the  healing  process.    

 

Options  to  Choose  From  

  After  hearing  of  OATS,  the  next  step  is  to  decide  whether  it  is  the  right  choice  for  you.  There  are  likely  a  few  options  that  you  can  choose  from  to  recover.  One  is  a  non-­‐surgical  method  where  the  defect  is  left  as  is,  but  through  rehab  and  training  the  leg  is  strengthened  to  

Image  Courtesy  of  http://www.jointpain.md/procedures/cartilagetransplant.aspx  

help  support  the  joint.  A  second  option  is  to  have  an  arthroscopic  procedure  to  clean  the  area  to  remove  any  possible  loose  bodies  and  to  try  to  smooth  the  joint  surface.  The  last  and  final  option  is  to  get  the  OATS  procedure  done,  which  has  the  best  chance  of  a  full  recovery.  The  previous  two  leave  a  serious  risk  of  re-­‐injury  or  an  increase  in  defect  size  and  pain  over  time.  There  is  not  yet  an  established  base  of  information  on  OATS,  but  it  has  been  known  to  have  varying  results.  As  more  journals  with  success  rates,  recovery  times  and  pain  levels  are  completed,  a  benchmark  can  be  set.  Some  people  have  easily  been  able  to  return  immediately  to  normal  activity  after  a  six-­‐month  period,  but  others  had  increasing  problems  and  never  returned  to  pre-­‐surgery  strength.    

Length  and  Difficulty  of  Recovery  

  Recovering  from  OATS  is  no  quick  and  easy  task.  The  timeline  can  vary  for  every  person,  depending  greatly  on  the  size  of  the  initial  defect,  but  has  several  major  milestones  that  should  correlate.  First,  after  the  surgery  you  will  have  the  knee  wrapped  and  bandaged.  This  can  be  removed  after  two  days,  and  the  sutures  can  be  taken  out  after  a  week.  This  surgery  requires  a  much  larger  incision  than  most  common  knee  surgeries,  for  depending  on  the  size  and  placement  of  the  defect  cannot  be  done  arthroscopically,  which  uses  only  two  small  holes  into  the  skin.  This  causes  an  incision  over  most  of  the  knee.  Due  to  the  size  of  this  incision,  it  becomes  part  of  the  recovery,  as  the  skin  must  be  treated  to  recover.  An  example  of  the  expected  incision  and  recovery  can  be  seen  below:  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  In  terms  of  recovery  of  the  knee  itself,  it  is  a  long  process  that  can  eventually  return  you  to  your  normal  activity  patterns.  Due  to  the  nature  of  the  injury,  the  most  important  step  of  

Area  of  Surgery,  1  week  Post-­‐  Op   Area  of  Surgery,  6  months  Post-­‐Op  

Images  Courtesy  of  Evan  Galimberti  

recovery  is  to  keep  from  putting  pressure  on  the  repaired  defect  until  it  has  had  time  to  fuse  with  the  surrounding  tissue.  It  is  usually  six  to  eight  weeks  before  any  weight  can  be  placed  on  the  leg.  During  this  time  it  is  important  to  begin  rebuilding  the  muscle.  The  quadriceps  loses  muscle  mass  faster  than  any  other  muscle  in  the  body,  at  up  to  3%  of  mass  per  day  of  decreased  use.  For  the  first  one  to  two  weeks,  the  leg  will  feel  difficult  to  bend  and  the  quadriceps  will  likely  be  unable  to  contract.  After  the  second  week,  a  stationary  bike  can  be  helpful  in  regaining  motion.  Simple  resistance  training  with  weights  can  be  done  until  the  six  to  eight  weeks  are  up  then  one  week  of  crutches  can  be  used  to  put  half  of  your  weight  onto  the  leg.  Depending  on  how  this  goes  the  next  week  can  be  your  first  week  of  putting  full  weight  on  the  leg.  At  this  point  activity  can  slowly  be  increased  until  the  six-­‐month  mark,  where  depending  on  your  success  light  jogging  can  begin  until  a  full  range  of  activity  is  regained.