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8/3/2019 Gender and Water Supply in Sri Lanka
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ADB Assisted Secondary Towns and Rural
Community Based Water Supply and Sanitation
Project
Gender and Water Supplyin Sri Lanka
By M. K. Hapuarachchi
Project Director
National Water Supply & Drainage Board (NWS&DB)
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank
(ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paperand accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as tosovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
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Project in Brief
Water Supply : 969,000 beneficiaries
Sanitation : 171,500 beneficiaries
Water sector Institutional Development through PublicAwareness
Project Cost : USD 263.26 million(ADB contribution: USD149.1 m)
Implementing Agency : National Water Supply andDrainage Board (NWS&DB)
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Project Locations
No. Location Urban Rural
01 Batticaloa
02 Hambantota
03 Muttur
04 Polonnaruwa
05 Anuradhapura
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Urban Component
Approach
Outsourced design, construction supervision andimplementation activities through competitive
bidding
Operations by NWS&DB
Hygiene and health education
Sanitation programmes
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Urban Component - Water Supply Schemes
Key plan of Batticaloa WaterSupply Scheme
Batticaloa Water Treatment Plant
Batticaloa Water Treatment Plant
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Hambantota Water Treatment Plant
Hambantota, Muttur, Polonnaruwa Water Towers
Polonnaruwa Water Treatment Plant
Urban Component - Water Supply Schemes
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Rural Component
Approach
Demand driven and community based
Level of poverty
Lack of water and sanitation facilities
Willingness to contribute minimum 20% ofinvestment cost
Agree to take O&M responsibility
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Implementation Mechanism of RuralComponent
CommunityMobilization
ServiceProvide
ServiceDemand
NWS&DB
Project
PO
Community
CommunityEmpowerment
(CBO)
PMU TSU PSI
U
Finance/Awareness/Training/ Assistance
PMU Project Management Unit PO Partner Organization
TSU
Technical Support Unit CBO
Community Based OrganizationPSIU Pradeshiya Sabha Implementation Unit
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Rural ComponentWater Supply & Sanitation Facilities
Option Quantity Beneficiaries
Pipe schemes 134
320,500
Rain water tanks 3,026
Private dug wells 4,549
Common wells 79
Tube wells 101
Latrines 18,297 98,200
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Rural Component - Water Supply Schemes
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Gender Development Programme
Vision
To ensure Women representation and active
involvement in all phases of project for;
a) Sustainable development of water & sanitationsector
b) To increase gender equality in decision makingprocess
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Training and Capacity Building
Awareness programs on gender development byPartner Organizations
Income generation programs
Identification of small scale industries Project contribution (LKR 20,000 as seed fund)
Community contribution (minimum 50%)
Revolving fund
Training on leadership, financial management,entrepreneurship development and marketing andmanagement
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Gender Action Plan
1. Initial participatory social assessment Identification of men and womens involvement in Village Development
activities via baseline surveys and discussions with village leaders Facilitation & Implementation (F&I) by CDS (Community Development Specialist),
SS (Senior Sociologist), PSIU Engineer
2. Form small groups of men & women Use Participatory Representative Techniques (PRT) F & I by SS, PSIU Engineer, CDA (Community Development Assistant), PO,
VCC (Village Coordination Committee)
3. Form Womens Associations Use PRT & Select women leaders with the assistance of Women Bureau F & I by SS, PSIU Engineer, Women Bureau, CDA, PO/CF (Community
Facilitator), VCC
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Gender Action Plan (contd.)4. Training for men and women leaders
Conduct awareness meetings and training workshops Obtain assistance from relevant organizations; Small IndustriesDepartment
F & I by SS, PSIU Engineer, Women Bureau, CDA, PO
5. Assess involvement of men & women Quarterly assessment F & I by Sociologist, PSIU Engineer, CDA, PO
6. Income generation programmes
Training of persons on relevant skills Exploration of marketing facilities
Identification of potential entrepreneurs
Awareness on savings and credit facilities available
F & I by Chief Engineer (TSU), PIU Sociologist, PSIU Engineer,
CDA, PO
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7. Womens Associations (WA) FORUM for each
Pradeshiya Sabha Obtain assistance of Womens Bureau to bring together WA ineach Pradeshiya Sabha area
F & I by Chief Engineer (TSU), CDS, SS, CDA
8. Impact assessment Surveys by N.G.O. using structured questionnaires and field
observations Analysis of randomly selected CBOs on point source supply &
pumping Scheme F & I by Chief Engineer (TSU), CDS, SS, CDA, Contracted
Organizations
9. Corrective actions Follow impact assessment Preparation of action plan for further development based on an
analysis of issues using SWOT analysis
F & I by Chief Engineer (TSU), CDS, SS, CDA
Gender Action Plan (contd.)
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Women Representation in thePMU & CBOs
Description Target % Achievement %
Professional & technical staff(PMU,TSU,PSIU & POS)
25% 27-63 %
CBO executive committee 50% 25-50 %
Participatory representativemembers
50% 50 %
CBO membership 50% 25-54 %
O&M officials (CBO) 33% 30- 40 %
PMU Project Management Unit TSU Technical Support Unit
CBO Community Based Organization PSIU Pradeshiya Sabha Implementation Unit
PO
Partner Organization O&M
Operation & Maintenance
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Women Participation throughCommunity Organizations
Percentage of CBOs with Women Organizations -83%
Households received project assistance
DistrictWomen having
memberships in WOIncome
generation
Anuradhapura 42% 58%
Polonnaruwa 36% 51%
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Activities Carried out by Women inIncome Generation Programmes
Coir products Domestic sweets products Bricks making
Rice processing Agriculture products Home gardening Making of spices
Dress making Small boutiques Mobile merchantry
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Women Participation in IncomeGeneration Activities
Handcraft
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Farming
Floriculture
Crops
Women Participation in IncomeGeneration Activities
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Women Oriented Awareness Programmesunder Rural Component
Bank officials conducting
programmes on savingspractices
Introducing 5-S Concept
W P ti i ti i
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Women Participation inConstruction Activities
Sand Sieving
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Lessons Learned
Rural development as a tool to mitigate migration tourban centres
Importance of recognizing and harnessing culturalvalues of gender in decision making and implementation
process Enhanced womens participation in collaboration with men
Clergy and village leaders in advisory capacity
Properly motivated women are willing to take up office-bearer positions in the CBO
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Lessons Learned Contd Strong womens participation expedite project activities
Commitment and devotion to project success Encourage effective participation of men
Efficient in collection of cash contribution
High degree of honesty and capability to handle financialmanagement activities (establish transparency)
Access to water supply and sanitation services saves womentime for productive activities which enhance family income
Enhance living standards by women ensuring family healthand security
Enhance mutual respect and self esteem within familythrough collaborative participation in project and incomegenerating activities
Men are encouraged to work efficiently in the presence of
women
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Challenges
Meeting fast changing social conditions duringproject implementation Lack of participation in decision making
process in the absence of male partner
Lack of male participation in constructionactivities (unskilled labour)
Low market acceptance for village levelproducts
Technology gap in rural activities
Operational sustainability due to change in
social and individual needs
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THANK YOU