Genetics Unit Test Test

Copy #_____

Please do not make any marks on the test copy. Please write all of your answers on the answer sheet provided by your

teacher.

Multiple Choice - Choose the best and most complete answer.

1. A human with the genotype XX isA. an example of the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.B. a female.C. a male.D. a dwarf.

2. In humans brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. A cross between a heterozygous brown

eyed individual and a recessive blue eyed individual would result in a phenotypic ratio of

A. 9:3:3:1.B. 1:2:1.C. 3:1.D. 1:1.

3. In humans, normal color vision is dominant over color blindness. A color blind male marries a

female who is a carrier for color blindness. What is the probability that a color blind boy,

XnY, would be born to these parents?A. 0%B. 25%C. 50%D. 75%

4. The scientist who first described the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent

assortment wasA. Charles Darwin.B. Albert Einstein.C. Louis Pasteur.D. Gregor Mendel.

5. The results of crossing a red flowered Japanese four o’clock plant with a white flowered

Japanese four o’clock are all pink offspring. This demonstrates the principle of

A. incomplete dominance.B. multiple alleles.

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C. mutation.D. crossing over.

6. A trait that is carried on the X chromosome and has no allele on the Y chromosome is

consideredA. an exception to the principle of codominance.B. normal sex-linked inheritance.C. lethal in females.D. normal autosomal inheritance.

7. A heterozygous individual would have the genotypeA. Hh.B. hh.C. HH.D. hornless.

8. Which of the following is a sex-linked trait in humans?A. red blood cell shapeB. eye colorC. blood typeD. color vision

9. If a mother has blood type A and a father has blood type B, their children’s blood types

can beA. A, B, or O only.B. A, B, O, or AB only.C. A or B only.D. O only.

10. A change in the DNA of a gene is called aA. gamete.B. trait.C. translation.D. mutation.

11. The phenotype of an organismA. is due to its genotype.B. is represented with letters.C. occurs only in homozygous dominant organisms.D. is also called the organism’s genetic makeup.

12. A few human traits are believed to be carried by genes on the Y chromosome. A man with a

gene that is carried on the Y chromosome will transmit this gene to2

A. half of his male offspring.B. half of his female offspring.C. all of his male offspring.D. all of his female offspring.

13. Autosomes are A. special sex chromosomes.B. found only in vertebrates.C. mutated genes.D. all the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.

14. A woman is heterozygous for widow’s peak, and she has a child with a man who is homozygous recessive for widow’s peak. What is the probability of having a child with an even hairline?A. 75%B. 50%C. 25%D. 0%

15. The male organs which produce the sperm cells are theA. testes.B. lungs.C. kidneys.D. ovaries.

16. Cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell are formed by

A. mitosis only.B. meiosis only.C. both mitosis and meiosis.D. neither mitosis nor meiosis.

17. The _?_ has a “tail” for locomotion.A. polar bodyB. eggC. sperm

18. What is formed by meiosis?A. sperm onlyB. egg onlyC. gametesD. muscle cells

19. Each body cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would

normally be present in a gamete produced by this chimpanzee?A. 6B. 12C. 24

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D. 48

20. The joining of the egg and sperm cells is calledA. meiosis.B. a dihybrid cross.C. fertilization.D. diffusion.

21. The female organ which produces the egg is theA. stomach.B. ovary.C. heart.D. polar body.

22. The human kind has 23 chromosomes. This statement describesA. the human sperm only.B. the human egg only.C. both the human egg and sperm.D. the human skin cell.

23. Which diagram illustrates fertilization that would most likely lead to the development of a

normal human male?

A.

B.

C.

D.

24. A cell produced by meiosis has the _?_ number of chromosomes.A. diploidB. haploid

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C. triploidD. double

25. In plants, meiosis occurs within the special reproductive structures called

A. flowers.B. gonads.C. hospitals.D. Punnett squares.

26. Complex organisms produce sex cells that unite during fertilization, which forms a single cell

known asA. a gonad.B. a zygote.C. an embryo.D. a gamete.

27. An individual with the genotype BBTt could produce the gametesA. BB and Tt only.B. BT and Bt only.C. BB, Tt, Bt, and BT only.D. B, T, and t only.

The pedigree below shows the pattern of inheritance for a sex-linked trait. Use this pedigreeto answer questions 28 and 29.

28. The female in the second generation must beA. normal because her daughter is normal.B. normal because the majority of her children are normal.C. colorblind because her mother was a carrier.D. a carrier because one of her sons is color blind.

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29. If the couple in the second generation has another son, what is the probability that he will

show this sex-linked trait?A. 100%B. 50%C. 25%D. 0%

30. In holly trees, red fruit (R) are dominant to white fruit (r), and spiny leaves (L) are dominant

to smooth leaves (l). According to this Punnett square, how many of the new holly trees from

this cross would be expected to have white fruit and smooth leaves?

RL Rl rL rl

RL RRLL RRLl RrLL RrLl

Rl RRLl RRll RrLl Rrll

rL RrLL RrLl rrLL rrLl

rl RrLl Rrll rrLl rrll

A. noneB. 1 out of 16C. 3 out of 16D. 9 out of 16

31. The allele of a trait that always shows up in the F1 generation is said to be

A. recessive.B. sex linked.C. dominant.D. homozygous.

32. Somatic cells with the normal number of chromosomes are calledA. diploid or n.B. diploid or 2n.C. haploid or n.D. haploid or 2n.

33. The phenotype of a heterozygous brown rabbit isA. brown.B. BB.C. bb.D. Bb.

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34. Genetic information is shown in the diagram below.

This type of diagram is calledA. a Punnett square.B. a karyotype.C. a pedigree.D. a blood sample.

35. DNA is replicatedA. before meiosis begins.B. during meiosis.C. at the end of meiosis.D. during cytokinesis.

Use the following diagram to answer the questions 36 and 37.

36. What would be the sex of the individual with the above genetic information?

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A. femaleB. maleC. male and femaleD. There is not enough information available to determine the sex of the

individual.

37. Which of the following statements is true?A. The individual’s diploid number is 46.B. The individual would be expected to be normal.C. The individual would be expected to have a genetic disorder.D. The individual’s haploid number is 46.

38. To visualize Mendel’s experiments, or any cross in genetics, a simple diagram called a

__?__ may be used.A. graphing calculatorB. Punnett squareC. probability circleD. genotype

39. The division of the cytoplasm is called A. crossing over.B. mitosis.C. meiosis.D. cytokinesis.

40. A cross between an individual that is heterozygous for a trait and an individual that is

homozygous recessive for the same trait will probably produce offspring with

A. all the same genotype.B. two different genotypes.C. three different genotypes.D. all of the same characteristics.

41. The variations of the genes for a single trait are calledA. alleles.B. gametes.C. sex cells.D. phenotypes.

42. Recessive alleles are represented with aA. capital letter.B. small or lower case letter.C. word.D. number.

43. In a DNA molecule, guanine always pairs withA. adenine.

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B. cytosine.C. guanine.D. thymine.E. uracil.

44. Which of the following is a nitrogen base that is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A. adenine.B. cytosine.C. guanine.D. thymine.E. uracil.

45. The genetic code of an organism is determined by theA. number of amino acids in its cells.B. sequence of DNA nucleotides.C. shape of the ribosomes in its cells.D. speed at which its proteins are produced.

46. Which of the following carries the codon?A. DNAB. mRNAC. rRNAD. tRNA

47. Which of the following carries the anticodon?A. DNAB. mRNAC. rRNAD. tRNA

48. The DNA molecule is an important component or part of theA. vacuole.B. chromosome.C. ribosome.D. endoplasmic reticulum.

49. Which of the following carries the amino acid to the site of protein synthesis?

A. DNAB. mRNAC. rRNAD. tRNA

50. If the nitrogen bases in one strand of a DNA molecule were A T C C G A , what would be the

complementary messenger RNA strand?A. T U C C G T

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B. T A G G C T C. U A G G C UD. A T C C G A

51. Which of the following serves as the site of protein synthesis?A. amino acidB. nucleusC. DNAD. ribosome

52. The process of making mRNA using DNA as a template is calledA. protein synthesis.B. transcription.C. translation.D. replication.

53. The process of “reading” mRNA to produce a protein is calledA. protein synthesis.B. transcription.C. translation.D. replication.

54. The process of copying DNA is calledA. protein synthesis.B. transcription.C. translation.D. replication.

55. Where in the cell does the process of translation occur?A. nucleusB. ribosomeC. tRNAD. mitochondrion

56. Where in the cell does the process of transcription occur?A. nucleusB. ribosomeC. tRNAD. mitochondrion

57. Which of the following is usually double stranded but can be easily separated during

replication or transcription?A. DNAB. mRNAC. rRNAD. tRNA

58. A nucleotide consists of 10

A. a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.B. a sugar, a protein, and an amino acid.C. ribose, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.D. a nitrogen base, an amino acid, and ribose.

59. Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?A. deoxyribose / riboseB. phosphate groupC. thymine / uracilD. number of strands

60. Where does the DNA molecule separate during replication?A. between the sugar and the phosphate groupB. between the sugar and the nitrogen baseC. between two sugar moleculesD. between two nitrogen bases

61. Which of the following is a structural component of the ribosome?A. DNAB. mRNAC. rRNAD. tRNA

62. The monomers of nucleic acids areA. polypeptides.B. amino acids.C. fatty acids.D. nucleotides.

63. All of the following are pyrimidines exceptA. adenine.B. uracil.C. thymine.D. cytosine.

64. Which of the following carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the

cytoplasm?A. DNAB. mRNAC. rRNAD. tRNA

65. If the nitrogen bases on one strand of a DNA molecule were A T C C G A , what would be

the complementary DNA strand?A. A T C C G AB. T U G G C TC. T A G G C T

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D. U A G G C U

Use the following diagram of a nucleic acid to answer questions 66 through

69.

66. In the nucleic acid above, the structure labeled “X” representsA. a nitrogen base.B. a deoxyribose molecule.C. an amino acid.D. a phosphate group.

67. Which type of bond will form at point “Y”?A. peptide bondB. ionic bondC. hydrogen bondD. nitrogen bond

68. In the nucleic acid above, the structure labeled “Z” representsA. a nitrogen base.B. a deoxyribose molecule.C. an amino acid.D. a phosphate group.

69. In the nucleic acid above, the circle representsA. a nitrogen base.B. a deoxyribose molecule.C. an amino acid.D. a phosphate group.

70. Amino acids are linked to each other byA. peptide bonds.B. ionic bonds.C. hydrogen bonds.D. nitrogen bonds.

71. The term “double helix” is used to describeA. mRNA.B. tRNA.C. DNA.D. ribosomes.

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72. The sugar found in the nucleotides of an RNA molecule isA. glucose.B. sucrose.C. deoxyribose.D. ribose.

73. During transcription, which enzyme moves along the exposed strands and adds complementary

nucleotides?A. helicaseB. DNA polymeraseC. RNA polymeraseD. ligase

74. Which of the following is not an example of a protein?A. enzymeB. hairC. muscleD. DNA

Use the structure below to answer questions 75 through 79.75. The diagram below represents the process of

76. The structure numbered 4 represents the

A. codon.B. mRNA.C. rRNA.D. anticodon.

77. The structure numbered 5 represents the

78. The structure numbered 2 represents theA. protein.B. peptide.C. amino acid.D. polypeptide.

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A. transcription.B. translation.C. replication.D. mitosis.

A. codon.B. mRNA.C. rRNA.D. anticodon.

79. The structure numbered 1 represents theA. tRNAB. mRNAC. rRNAD. DNA

Base your answers to questions 80 through 82 on the diagram below which represents parts of two nucleic acid molecules.

80. At which location does the DNA molecule separate during replication?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

81. Molecules represented by strand Z move from the ? of a cell to the ? of a cell.

A. cytoplasm; ribosomeB. nucleus; mitochondrionC. ribosome; nucleusD. nucleus; ribosome

82. If strand X serves as a template for the synthesis of strand Z, the base sequence of that

fragment of strand Z shown isA. T-G-A-C.B. U-G-A-C.C. A-C-T-G.D. A-C-U-G.

83. Mr. Sandival has blood type B and Mrs. Sandival has blood type O. They have three children

of their own and one adopted child. Owen has blood type AB, Mary has blood type O,

Susie has blood type B, and Carl has blood type B. Which child is adopted?

A. CarlB. Mary

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C. OwenD. Susie

84. A organism with the genotype TtRr could produce which of the following gametes?

A. TR, Tt, Rr, trB. TR, Tr, tR, trC. TR, tr onlyD. Tr, tR only

85. If the sense strand of DNA is C C G A G A A C T, what would be the complementary

mRNA? Write the answer on your answer sheet.

86. Using the following codon chart and the mRNA you got as your answer to question 85, what

would be the sequence of amino acids? Write the answer on your answer sheet.

The following pedigree shows the inheritance of the sex-linked trait of color vision. Use the pedigree to answer question 87 and 88.

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54. What is the genotype of individual 10 in the above pedigree?A. XNXn

B. XNYC. XnYD. XnYn

55. What is the genotype of individual 2?A. XNXn

B. XNYC. XnYD. XNXN

47. The molecule on which the enzyme acts is called theA. catalyst.B. pigment.C. substrate.D. photon.

49. The following diagram represents the steps in an enzyme catalyzed reaction.

What is represented by letter A?A. productB. substrateC. enzyme

Base your answers for questions 53 and 54 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

An experiment was conducted using two groups of 15 plants of the same species.

During the experiment, the plants were placed in identical environmental conditions.

The plants in the experimental group were given a growth solution every 3 days. The

plants in the control group were given water every 3 days. The heights of the plants in

both groups were recorded at the beginning of the study and at the end of a 3 week

period. The data showed that the plants given the growth solution grew faster than

those given the water.

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53. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?A. the species of the plantsB. the height of the plantsC. the amount of waterD. the growth solution

54. Which of the following is a constant in this experiment?A. the height of the plantsB. the growth solutionC. the amount of waterD. the species of the plants

55. The separation of daughter chromosomes and division of a cell nucleus to form two nuclei,

each with a full set of chromosomes, is calledA. cell division.B. specialization.C. mitosis.D. cytokinesis.

56. The process by which water moves into and out of a cell is calledA. active transport.B. the proton pump.C. endocytosis.D. osmosis.

57. The nucleus of a cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis. After mitosis, each new cell nucleus

A. will have 46 chromosomes.B. will have 23 chromosomes.C. will have 92 chromosomes.D. will have an unknown number of chromosomes.

58. A light microscope has an ocular of 10X, a scanning objective of 5X, a low power objective of

15X, and a high power objective of 30X. What is the total magnification when the high power

objective is in position?A. 30XB. 40XC. 150XD. 300X

59. The diagram below represents the fluid mosaic model of a cell membrane.

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Which parts of the cell membrane do arrows X and Y indicate respectively?

A. protein and carbohydrateB. phospholipid and proteinC. carbohydrate and phospholipidD. protein and phospholipid

60. Which is the correct sequence for the stages of mitotic cell division represented by the

diagrams below?

A. A C D BB. A B C DC. B A D CD. B C D A

61. A complex cell with a membrane bound nucleus is calledA. a eukaryote.B. a prokaryote.C. a bacterium.D. a mitochondrion.

1. Which of the following is the monomer of proteins?A. ribosomeB. DNAC. amino acidD. nucleotide

SOL Review

The diagram below represents a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme.

49. Which letter in the above diagram represents the substrate?

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A. AB. BC. A and BD. C and D

Use the following diagram of a cell process to answer questions 50 and 51.

50. What kinds of cells are represented at G?A. body cellsB. gametesC. protistsD. prokaryotes

51. What is the diploid number of chromosomes?A. 2B. 4C. 6D. 8

Use the following drawings of cells to answer questions 52 and 53.

52. Which of the following represents the nucleus of the cells?A. 2B. 4C. 6D. 7

53. Cell II is a plant cell. Structures 1 and 8 respectively areA. the chloroplast and the vacuole.B. the cytoplasm and the cell wall.C. the cell wall and the chloroplast.D. the vacuole and the cell wall.

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Use the following graphs to answer questions 56 and 57. The graphs show activity of the same enzyme at different temperatures and pH values.

56. The enzyme is most active at A. a temperature of 10 to 20 C and a pH of 2.B. a temperature of 40 to 50 C and a pH of 8.C. a temperature of 10 to 20 C and a pH of 8.D. a temperature of 40 to 50 C and a pH of 2.

57. What is the dependent variable in the above experiment?A. rate of enzyme activityB. pHC. temperature CD. pH and temperature C

1. Which process is illustrated in the diagram below?

A. diffusionB. replicationC. mitosisD. crossing over

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