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Organisation
• 30 Lectures: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday 10-11am, M17
• 4 Practicals: Tuesday afternoon, Main Lab Geology
• Field Trip: Killiney (date to be confirmed), full afternoon
• See course website for full details!
Assessment
• 3 hour exam
• All the material taught in the course, including practicals and field-trip, is examinable!!!
• Answer 5 out of 7 questions
• 6 set by PB + QC, 1 by BM
• See past exam papers for examples!
Recommended Texts
• Course web-site
• Understanding Earth (2nd edition), Press & Siever
• The Solid Earth (2nd Edition), Fowler
• Introducing Groundwater (2nd Edition), Price
• Water wells and boreholes, Misstear, Bank & Clark
Formation of the Solar System
• The stages of solar system formation start with a protostar embedded in a gas cloud, then to an early star with a circumstellar disk, to a star surrounded by small "planetesimals" that are starting to clump together to a solar system like ours today.
Formation of the Solar System
www.jwst.nasa.gov/birth.html Credit: Shu et al. 1987
protostar circumstellar disk
planetesimals home
Composition of the Solar System
• Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune– Large masses & low densities.– Mainly composed of gaseous H & He and
frozen C-H-N volatiles.– Interiors may be similar to that of Earth
Composition of the Solar System
• The inner, terrestrial planets: Small masses & high densities.– Mercury: No atmosphere. Similar in
composition to Earth.– Venus: Dense atmosphere of CO2 & N.
Similar in composition to Earth.– Earth: More about “us” later.– Mars: Polar ice caps in winter – water?
Uniform chemical composition – i.e. no iron core and silicate mantle as in Earth.
Composition of the Solar System
• The asteroids: Located in a belt between the terrestrial and Jovian planets.
• Meteorites: Most are probably fragments from the asteroid belt of our solar system.– Siderites, or “irons” (98% metal)– Siderolites, or “stony irons” (50% metal, 50%
silicate)– Aerolite, or “stones” (silicate > metal)