FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN, HUMANAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS

GRAMMAR VI

NAMES:

Daysi Ayala MartínezFabián MartínezAlexis RamírezJorge Salazar

CLASS: 6th Semester

• It is a noun made from a verb. It structure is base formof the verb + ing

• Examples:

Reading helps you learn English.

Her favorite hobby is reading.

I enjoy reading.

A gerund can be the subject of a sentence. It is always singular. Use a third-person singular verb after a gerund.

Voting is an important responsibility.

• Gerund Verb Object

• Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money.

• NEGATIVE

• Not inviting him will cause resentment.

EXERCISES

(cook) is one of her hobbies.(cycle) is fun.(Get) a good job is not easy.(Find) a parking space is quite difficult in this area.(drive) becomes more and more expensive

No (smoke) in this area.

• I have received several awards for my gardening. (The awards have been given for the results of the activity.)

• This is a good rule. It has no exceptions!

• If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund. It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition. So for example, we say:

I will call you after arriving at the office.Please have a drink before leaving.I am looking forward tomeeting you.

Exercises

• Preposition Gerund

• She insist going out every weekend.

• She have a reason not inviting Michael.

Many verbs in English have gerunds as objects.

Verbs: Avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, mind.

Example:

• John enjoys meeting new people.

• He should avoid working late.

They act as complement that describe or explain the subject of the sentence.

Example:

• My favorite activity is skiing.

• I do my gardening in the morning.

subject verb Subjectcomplement

My hobby is reading.

They act as complement that describe or explain the object of the sentence.

Example:

Marco found Peter writing letters.

subject verb object objectcomplement

Jonh spends time reading

We often use go + gerund to describe activities

Examples:

My family goes bowling every Sunday.

Alison went jogging with her dog.

She goes dancing every night.

Recognize if the gerund is used as a subject (S) subject complement (SC) or object complement (OC) in the following sentences.

Nathan has trouble making friends.

My favorite occupation is reading detective stories.

He enjoys meeting new people.

Swimming builds endurance

Mary spends time playing cards.

• Structure

Examples:

Singing is his favorite hoby.

Smoking on the streets is disrespectful

Gerund subject verb complement

Losing books is A bad habit.

• Structure

Examples:

Having taken a physics class helped me in calculus.

Having studied grammar gave me more knowledge of English.

Gerund Verb in pastparticiple

complement

Having watched El clasico wasinteresting.

Thank you