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Get notes packet and start vocab.Get notes packet and start vocab.
You will learn to explain how You will learn to explain how earthquakes result from the buildup earthquakes result from the buildup of energy in rocks.of energy in rocks.
You will learn to describe how You will learn to describe how compression, tension, and shear compression, tension, and shear forces make rocks move along faults.forces make rocks move along faults.
You will learn to distinguish among You will learn to distinguish among normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults.normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults.
Causes of Causes of ________________________:: Applied stresses Applied stresses
cause cause __________ to to __________ and and ______________
When rocks When rocks ____________ they they move along surfaces move along surfaces called called ____________
earthquakes
rocks bendstretc
hbreak
faults
Earth’s _____ is in constant _______
Places ______ on rocks
Rocks _____ & _______ like a rubber band
Break
Produces __________ called an
_________________
crust
motion
stress
bend
stretch
vibrations
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Force – Force – ______________ Plates move Plates move
__________ Rock moves Rock moves
____________________
tension
apart
downward
On the east side of ____________
Force – Force – ________________________
Plates come Plates come __________________
Rocks at the Rocks at the _______ are _______ are forced ___ and forced ___ and _____ the ones _____ the ones ______ the ______ the surfacesurface
compressiontogethersurface upoverbelow
Force – Force – __________ Plates move Plates move ________________ past each past each
otherother Rocks on either side move Rocks on either side move ________
each othereach other
shear sideway
s
past
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/
We observe these ______ in the form of
faults
_______ form when stressed rocks break _______ form when stressed rocks break along surfaces.along surfaces.
Stresses on rock are created by _______ Stresses on rock are created by _______ ___________.___________.
When rocks break along a _____, vibrations When rocks break along a _____, vibrations are created. This is an _______________!are created. This is an _______________!
________ ______ can form when rocks ________ ______ can form when rocks undergo tension.undergo tension.
_____________ ______ produce reverse faults._____________ ______ produce reverse faults. ___________ ______ result when rocks move ___________ ______ result when rocks move
past each other without much upward or past each other without much upward or downward movement.downward movement.
Faults
platemovements faul
tNormal
faults
Compression
forces
Strike-slip
faults
1906 1906 Quake PicsQuake Pics
Destruction by…Destruction by…
Measuring EarthquakesMeasuring Earthquakes
www.sciencecourseware.com/eec/Earthquake/
Seismographs - Seismographs - are used to are used to measure P-waves, S-waves, & measure P-waves, S-waves, &
surface wavessurface waves
MagnitudeMagnitude
Richter scale Richter scale measures the measures the
strength of the strength of the break; describes break; describes how much energy how much energy
is released by is released by the earthquake; the earthquake;
an increase of 1.0 an increase of 1.0 has 32x as much has 32x as much
energyenergy
Richter Scale – 1.0 to 8.9Richter Scale – 1.0 to 8.9
Tsunamis -Tsunamis - a seismic sea a seismic sea wave that can reach 30m highwave that can reach 30m high
Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005
Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005
Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005
Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005
Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005
Japan 2011Japan 2011
San Francisco San Francisco