Upload
capecodcommission
View
39
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Getting to Know Your Watershed:Getting to Know Your Watershed:Bass RiverBass River
Watershed Forums Fall 2010Watershed Forums Fall 2010
October 21, 2010October 21, 2010
Where you call home: Your address
Your Villages and Your Villages and TownsTowns
Where you call home: Your Watershed
Where you call home: Your Watershed
• 10,331 acres10,331 acres
• 11,800 parcels11,800 parcels
• The most populous of 46 sensitive watershedsThe most populous of 46 sensitive watersheds
Getting to know your Getting to know your watershed: Bass River watershed: Bass River WatershedWatershed
1971 to 19991971 to 1999Developed Land (acres) – Percent Developed Land (acres) – Percent
Change Change
Dennis Dennis 58.7%58.7% Yarmouth Yarmouth 56.3%56.3%
Bass River Bass River
Watershed 101:Watershed 101:How Does a Watershed Work?How Does a Watershed Work?
Cape Cod watersheds are the contributing areas to surface water bodies, and groundwater wells. They are defined by the movement of groundwater, and do not follow town boundaries.
How long does it take water to How long does it take water to move through the watershed?move through the watershed?
• 10-100 years10-100 years• Each drop of water takes a Each drop of water takes a
different path through the different path through the watershedwatershed
• Some travel in streams and Some travel in streams and travel fastertravel faster
• Some are caught in ponds and Some are caught in ponds and take yearstake years
Septic Systems and our Septic Systems and our WatershedWatershed
• The septic system of an average three-bedroom home loads 8.5 pounds of nitrogen into the groundwater each year.
• Approximately 85% of
the over 156,000 homes on Cape Cod presently use individual Title 5 septic systems.
Other Watershed FeaturesOther Watershed FeaturesLong Pond, YarmouthLong Pond, Yarmouth
Photo by T. Cambareri
Looking East
Route 28 in Foreground
The Problem
NITROGEN FROM
LAND USES(Septic Systems, Fertilizers, Road and Roof Runoff)
Streams
Groundwater
Increase inbottom algae
Low oxygenconditions
FISH AND SHELLFISH KILLS
Shading ofeelgrass beds
Algae Growth/Blooms
The Impact of Nitrogen on Coastal Embayments
Decay
Cape Cod Commission
NITROGEN FROM ATMOSPHERE
Fish Kills
Algae Blooms
The Threats from Nitrogen
Decreased Property Values
Shellfish Kills
Diminished Ecosystem Services
Economic Impacts
Clean Water Act Requirements
Sources of Nitrogen
*Including atmospheric water*Including atmospheric water
**
Our Sole Source AquiferOur Sole Source Aquifer
•Replenished by Precipitation
•Six Separate Lenses
•Sole Source of Drinking Water
•Watersheds follow groundwater flow
Bass River Watershed and Bass River Watershed and Water Table ContoursWater Table Contours
Watershed spans 2 Lenses and three towns
Average Groundwater flow rate is 1-2 feet per day
Groundwater flow times range up to 100 years, but average up to 10 years to arrive in the embayment
Wellhead Protection Areas to Wellhead Protection Areas to Public Water Supply WellsPublic Water Supply Wells
Zone IIs – Groundwater Capture Areas
Yarmouth Water Dept Dennis Water District
Water Water Quality Quality Assessment Assessment
Watershed and Subwatersheds
Other FeaturesOther FeaturesExisting Package and Septage Existing Package and Septage TreatmentTreatment
Cape Cod CommissionCape Cod Commission
1998 Coastal Embayment Project1998 Coastal Embayment Project
Upper Bass River Surface waters are classified SA – Excellent quality
Nitrogen loading within subwatersheds exceed the SA limits for Dinah’s and Mill Pond
Nitrogen reduction appears to be necessary
Additional water quality study and assessment are recommended
Water Quality Water Quality
Dissolved Oxygen, Chlorophyll, Macroalgae, Eelgrass, Infaunal Animals
PoorModerate
High
Healthy
Impaired
Degraded
Eel G
rass
Eel Grass – Mouth of Bass Eel Grass – Mouth of Bass RiverRiver
Loss of Eelgrassover Time
------- 1995------- 1995 + 2001 ------- 2001
Relative Nitrogen Thresholds< Total Maximum Daily Load < Total Maximum Daily Load Kg/dayKg/day
0.38 mg/l0.38 mg/l
10
5
0.38
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DrinkingWater
Planning MarineWater
GW-flowGW-flow
WatershedWatershed
PP
MP
PM
Meets TMDLMeets TMDL
Relative Nitrogen Thresholds
0.38 mg/l0.38 mg/l
10
5
0.38
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DrinkingWater
Planning MarineWater
PP
MP
PM
>Total Maximum Daily Load >Total Maximum Daily Load Kg/dayKg/day
GW-flowGW-flow
WatershedWatershed
Over TMDLOver TMDL
The Solutions
Cape Cod Regional Wastewater Cape Cod Regional Wastewater Management Plan (RWMP)Management Plan (RWMP)
Objective Restore degraded water bodies through regional nutrient management policy promoting appropriate infrastructure and growth management mechanisms while protecting taxpayers from unnecessary costs.
GoalPolicy Integrating:
•Environment •Affordability •Infrastructure •Growth Management
Strategies and MeasuresStrategies and Measures
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTStrategy: Science Based Nutrient Strategy: Science Based Nutrient Management ProgramManagement Program
Measure: Complete CWMP’sMeasure: Complete CWMP’s
AFFORDABILITYAFFORDABILITYStrategy: Maximize SRF and other Strategy: Maximize SRF and other fundsfunds
Measure: Towns obtain SRF & 0% Measure: Towns obtain SRF & 0% SRF loansSRF loans
INFRASTRUCTURINFRASTRUCTUREE
Strategy: Limit infrastructure to Strategy: Limit infrastructure to limit cost & unintended growthlimit cost & unintended growth
Measure: Measure: MOA’s for shared systemsMOA’s for shared systems
GROWTHGROWTHMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
Strategy: Strategy: Limit development where Limit development where Title 5 would have limited or prohibited Title 5 would have limited or prohibited it.it.
Measure: Towns adopt flow neutral Measure: Towns adopt flow neutral regulations.regulations.
PO
LIC
YP
OLIC
Y
STRATEGY & STRATEGY & MEASURESMEASURES
Other Purposes of the RWMPOther Purposes of the RWMP
• Zero % State Zero % State Revolving Fund Revolving Fund (SRF) Construction (SRF) Construction Loans for identified Loans for identified ‘Flow-Neutral’ ‘Flow-Neutral’ CommunitiesCommunities
• Inform CCC DRI Inform CCC DRI review of CWMPs review of CWMPs and development of and development of Technical BulletinTechnical Bulletin
CCC
Technical
Bulletin
A Mix of Systems is A Mix of Systems is AppropriateAppropriate
TITLE 5 / IATITLE 5 / IA CLUSTERCLUSTER SATTELITESATTELITE CENTRALIZECENTRALIZEDD
CWMP Implementation Will Take 20 to 30 CWMP Implementation Will Take 20 to 30 YearsYears
This is how to Measure Progress This is how to Measure Progress
• Capital Expenditures to DateCapital Expenditures to Date
• Amount SeweredAmount Sewered
• Percent Removed from TMDL WatershedsPercent Removed from TMDL Watersheds
• Planned Capital ExpendituresPlanned Capital Expenditures
• Projected Expansion AreasProjected Expansion Areas
• Non-Structural Management ProgressNon-Structural Management Progress
TMDL Compliance MonitoringTMDL Compliance Monitoring
• Marine Water Marine Water QualityQuality
• EelgrassEelgrass
• Benthic FaunaBenthic Fauna
Facility SitingFacility Siting
• Site Screening ConsiderationsSite Screening Considerations
• Preliminary Groundwater ModelingPreliminary Groundwater Modeling
• Site CharacterizationSite Characterization– HydrogeologyHydrogeology– Loading Capacity TestsLoading Capacity Tests
• Detailed ModelingDetailed Modeling– MoundingMounding– Water Resource ImpactsWater Resource Impacts
• CostsCosts
Yarmouth General Wastewater Yarmouth General Wastewater NeedsNeeds
Need Off-Site Solution
Awaiting MEP Results
Remain On-Site
Primary Areas
Secondary Areas
Tertiary Areas
Other Areas
Dennis General Wastewater Needs- 2007Dennis General Wastewater Needs- 2007AOCsAOCs
1
2
4
5
3
Yarmouth Draft CWMPYarmouth Draft CWMP Sewer Phases Sewer Phases
Length of Road/Lot
1-100101-150
Density and Facilities Siting are Density and Facilities Siting are Significant ConsiderationsSignificant Considerations
Building Footprint Building Footprint With/Without Title 5With/Without Title 5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
CURRENT
SE
PT
IC
L
OA
D IN
W
AT
ER
SH
ED
, L
B/Y
RS
epti
c L
oad
in
Wat
ersh
ed,
lb/y
r
CURRENT
Impact of Growth on N Impact of Growth on N RemovalRemoval
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
CURRENT
SE
PT
IC
L
OA
D IN
W
AT
ER
SH
ED
, L
B/Y
RS
epti
c L
oad
in
Wat
ersh
ed,
lb/y
r
TMDL
Remain50 lb/yr
Remove 50 lb/yr
CURRENT0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
CURRENT FUTURE
SE
PT
IC
L
OA
D IN
W
AT
ER
SH
ED
, L
B/Y
RS
epti
c L
oad
in
Wat
ersh
e, l
b/y
r
30% Growth
TMDL
Remain 50 lb/yr
Remove 50 lb/yr
Remove 80 lb/yr
Remain 50 lb/yr
CURRENT FUTURE0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
CURRENT FUTURE
SE
PT
IC
L
OA
D IN
W
AT
ER
SH
ED
, L
B/Y
RS
epti
c L
oad
in
Wat
ersh
ed,
lb/y
r
30% growth
TMDL
new
Remain 50 lb/yr
Remove 50 lb/yr
existingRemove 50 lb/yr
Remove
100% of New Growth
Remain 50 lb/yr
CURRENT FUTURE
Cost Considerations in Cost Considerations in Watershed Based PlanningWatershed Based Planning
• Collection and Collection and TransportTransportDensityDensity
• TreatmentTreatmentAppropriate ScaleAppropriate Scale
• Disposal Disposal (effluent recharge sites)
Nitrogen Sensitive Areas, Nitrogen Sensitive Areas, Zone II’sZone II’s
Region-wide Cost Region-wide Cost Estimates for Wastewater Estimates for Wastewater TreatmentTreatment
•If we sewer the entire Cape today:
$8 billion
•Estimates of 25% sewer:
$3 billion•Buildout conditions:
$2-4 billion
GIS Demographics SlidesGIS Demographics Slides
Demographic andEconomic Data
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
• Comprised of Census Blocks• Average Population: 1,300 residents
Census Block Groups
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates and Missouri Census Data Center
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates and Missouri Census Data Center
Source: 2000 U.S. Census Bureau
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: ESRI’s Business Analyst 2009 Estimates
Source: Cape Cod Commission
Source: Cape Cod Commission
Sign up for updates and stay informed:Sign up for updates and stay informed:
www.capecodcommission.org/watertourwww.capecodcommission.org/watertouror email:or email: [email protected] [email protected]
www.yarmouthconservationtrust.org www.yarmouthconservationtrust.org
We all contribute to the problem.
Become a part of the solution.
Become a fan and stay informed:Become a fan and stay informed:
Cape Cod Watershed TourCape Cod Watershed Tour