Gibson Avangarda

7/23/2019 Gibson Avangarda

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Bae CTOfe OKyCpa ce Ha He06aBeHO OrpaBahe pe0Ha-TJBM , eCTO, pYTBeHO HaaHM CJKaMa y paHOM OCTMOepHMy (Reed 1994. 281; Fose Kass e a! 1993 Fose Bhloh ea 1994).

cTMOepHO peBae ppOe BpeHOCT aBaHrape y e eCTO 6 JO YCMepaBaHO Kp0 cypoTCTaBeHe TBpe Be ocee CTYe: Topu a8O PeHaTa iOJa, 06aBJeHe Ha TaJaHcKoM 1962 (aKo e HaCTaJa O KpaeM eTpeCeT rOHa, a Ha eHrJeCK peBeeHa 1968 (Calines 198. 113) opu a8a1apO Koa e

aMaJraM TeKCTOBa eTepa prep 06aBBaH y eMaKo 194 199. ca6paHx peBeeH Ha eHrJeCK 1984. Bpe Koe OH HocepacpaBJafy aeHO ca TBpaMa OB caBpeMeHKa OTOM fy, oMofy PHrOJOBe TeOpeTapa Koca aHKOJaya, YaH yeMaH, epo aHKaH, aHeJa epBa, P0aJH payc, Papa a HpeaCa yceHa, pef Ha caBpeMeHe poeHe aBaHrape eHpoeKaTa

OiOJ prep ce CJa)Y a ce TepMH aBaHrapa Hape Me-Ba Aa 6 ce 0HaO co peBOyHapHx pYTBeHOOJTqTeHAeHa YMeTHqK eB BaHrapy cy CBaTaJ oYT aTe-pa eaMHa, Kao oKYa a ce Tpaa OBO 0 KOHopMMa KO

e peTo a e HagBJaga" (Benjamn 1968 255) ga ce 06YHoM o-TB CBera TO e YCTaHOBHO Kao eAHM aTO peKHe ocefa HepeK

HYTor paBa y YMeTHocT OYe, OH cy ce paKOBaJ y poeHaMaTa 6 ce Mom y6paaT y eraMapHY aBaHrapHY YMeTHocT, Te cy CTO-ra paJT OB OC CTope eHor aBeTaa

a iOa, caBeHTBO OHra TO e HaBa ABe aBaHrapge" KyTypHyMeTHKe AYTBeHOOTqKe (ocToaJO e y paH-yCKO TeK AO 88 HO TO ce qeCTO CBaTa Kao aBaHrapHa YMeTHOCT, ca e, Y TefeM KBapTaY eBeTHaecTor BeKa ce KOHeHTpCaJOHa opMaJHY KpeaTBHOCT, 06ayy KOHBeHOHaJHe 06qae YK-yqyyf Y ce6e KYJT ptHaHOCT a qaK He06qHOCT (ecHKpa ayHA, YCK opMaJCT oYT KTopa KJOBCKOr KpTapapOJA P0eH6epr cy KOMeHTapCa YpaBo oBa aceKT aBaHrapgeo, OiO TaKie TBp Aa erOBa aYTHMHa, KYJTypHoYMeTHqKaaBaHrapAa He HaycTJa CBO pYTBeH aAaTaK aKO ce Be HeceHO 6aBJa KTKBaeM ApYTBa a paJKy 0 OHpa-Ha, qe e YTocKe JeBe HeOaCTMa BeO Kao aHTCeT-He (Poggioli 1969. 2 03) peToHoBor HapeaJMa, qe HCCTpaeHa OMHOTeHTHOCT CHOBa", KaKO Bepye OOJ, MOKe CTBOT eHO KBaMeaHK pOBO, aCBHY peJeKcy (205) OiOJ ecMaTpa a cy HaeKacH aBaHrapH OKpeT peopMCaJ pyTBO ep cy YHKOHCaJ Kao KaTapHa Tepaa a eK YMeTHOCT, MYKe K)eBHOCT Koe cy ereHepCaJe y 6eCMCeHe OKa

262

MeeHe opMyJe COYTHO e peKo Tpe6H paKOBaT Ja)HOA aYTeHTqHOr aBaHrapMa, KO Ma a peYJTaT YMeTHocT", caoje. oTpe6a a BpeAHocHM CYOM He CMe 6T ocyeeHa HeecTeTCKMpaMaTpaMa (164-65) OiOJ ce TaKO CTaBa Ha CTpaHY eopaOpHa KO e TBAO Aa YMeTHocT Mopa 6T aYToHMHa (OAHOCHO, AaYMeTHqKa Aea Tpe6a Aa yKayy Ha paKCY OA Koe ce Yp)aBay HaCTBapae paBeHOr )BOTa" a AopHa (Kao a iOa, Mpac HaycTT CBaKa oAaHcT cBeTY Aa 6 ce aAOBOO Aea AaHocT

YMeTHqKOM Aey" AOHO e OBY TBAY oTKpeo aa)aeM a TO60)e aOTqHa YMeTHocT (a pMep e Yeo aKHe pOMaHe eKeTOBe paMe Ma TaKaB eeKaT a y opeiehY ca OM BaHqHO aH-ra)OBaHa ea [OAHOCHO, OJTqK CBpCTaHa] meay Kao aHTOM-Ma" (Adoo 1962 31 314).

a pyre cTpaHe, prep e oiOeBY eHy aBaHrape B-O Ka cyBe eJaCTHy prep e ocefa a e oiO, OyCTBa ce aBaHrapHa" YMeTHocT AeHTKye O C Kpaa ocaMHaeCTor Be-Ka, oMryo Aa ce aBaHrapAa ABo OA cTBapHr )BOTa AYTBe-H Taa H YMeTHqKa ea He CBaTao Kao eHaqHa, KoacTBapay HByaJH yMeTH, Hero e, CeAef aJTepa eaM Ha, BeO Kao eHTTeTe yHyTap HCTyOHaHOr OKBpa KO YKyqyeYMeTHKe, TprOBe, KpTape, MYee, KOeKOHape Are (Buge

1984. 8392) Ba OKB, HccTpa prep, opeiye Ta YMeTHocT Tpe6a a 6Ye Aa H Tora ce o eMY aBaHrapAa He MO)e OBOT 0ApYTBa, Hero e erOB caCTaBH Aeo PaKaaH peKpeT e o prepyHaCTao OqeTKOM BaeceTor BeKa Kaa e eCTeTaM YCTyo MeCTOCTOCKO aBaHrapA Ka e YMeTHocT Haaaa Ka HCTTYy -repoBa CTopcKa aBaHrapa (oHa Koa e OCY)Ja Kao opyie y pe-cTBaY YMTBJyyf eeKaTa HcTTyOHaJae YMeTHocT06yxBaTaJae AO OpeieHe Mepe TaJaHcK YTYaM HeMaqK eKCpecoHaM, Ky6CTqK KOa) , HapOqTO, oKpeTe ABaAeceTx ro-AHa, YKyqyy Ty AaaaM, pyCKy aBaHrapAY OCJe KT06apcKe peBo-Ye HaApeaJaM ( 9 n 4). Y paKaHOM pacKAY KO e pOypO-KOBaJa OBa CTopcKa aBaHrapAa, OCTYJpa OH, KyqHe cy 6e TeH-Ke KOa)a MOHTa)e ep Ma He ca MO TO ce paCKHYO ca eoM Aae epceKTBa eHa Ka pepeeHTa Heo ca AeM Aa YMeTHqKOAeJ Mopa 6T praHcKa eJHa aKo e prep oKYaBao Aa OCOBpeHOCT aYToHoMHe YMeTHocT KOy cy Op)aBa OHO OO,OH e aK Haao Aa cy HeK AOHOB apryMeHT KOpCH aBoAeAoHOBO y00pee Aa HeopraHcKe cTpyKType Mory oHYAT 6er C-CTeMa a ra e CKJOHOCT Ka opraHcKoM yqHa OKaMeheHM, preppxBaTa eeMeHTe KOHeTa aerope KO acTYa aJTep eaMHKaa e a aJerOpCTa eKcTpaxye eeMeHTe BOTa J YMeTHO

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Me ce 3a3 y cycpe oijeBoM 3axeBY Aa aBaHapAHa YMeHoc6YAe opMaH npeKpeCKa aK ce H MeAaMa Koje cyBe YCaHBeHe Kao eeMeH 3 HCpYMeHapjYMa paHjx eHepa-Uja Me ce aKoie npMehyje 0jeB EpepB peue 3a aBaH-apAHY cynpoHC nBpyjy H ce caAa eKyje A aBaHapAeHa ce Me aAapa eopjCM" (a 99) BaCe HCyHa3aUje

ao TOolue U3 A6uoHa JuKaco6 aee je jeAHcBeHpo3BoA 06jeKa Kj je CBpa oc06a Koja ce Me MeHBa Kao

ojeAHau" Koja ce cy'a ca 3BeCHM 6pojeM HeHcYUHaHXKHBeHUja eAHa A hX j e YMeH'K pe 0 cy KaPHABe Be Y y HeKe KeKUje pBaHe jaBHe Ha ce MenpKy'a aYoHoMHoj aBaHapA aKBo pa0aBahe Y oEpepy 06jahaBa ycaK 3aHaCKo YMea Kj Aea aBaHapAe He a-K peK CaBajy" (1984. 53). pe6a ce ce Aa HCY CB aBaHapAHoKpe 6 onceAHY MAepHoM eXHjoM paAUja py'He 3paAe Koja ce HaaaBa y 6paHcKoM BajapcKoM oKpeY Jugndstilupa ce peKo aBaHapAHx paAoHua EyMc6epja e ja Bay-xayca, Kea BeK aywuH opecaapcje aMepHM yyBaheMHa 3aHaCB" (JuKaco6 aee je 3aCa HapaBeH y BAY jopaHa 3a

jeAHo ca AeKopaBHM eBMa aMaHM Maep jaMa Kpua-

Ma KojMa je cnYheH PHoABa je oBeaa nejopaBH Yo ca K-jM aBaHapAe Koj e npMBe Epep ocMapajy 3 aHaCB" 3jeAHa'aBajy a ca cajaeM 'jy MaepjaHC 6paH a Ca aBaHap-Aa Meco Aa 6YAe (Kao KA aca nyKo pepe3eHoBahe eeMeHa ( je 'eC KA Kaca EpaKa Bepca eeMeHa Kj cBap-HC ABA Y CKY Kp03 MeoHMjy a He MMeCK Meaop'HPHABa HaCKaHa KaHHa Ca'haBa Aeo caMe CHBe Ha Kjj cyHaCKaHe heHe ype He He caM Aa ynyyjy Ha Maepjae A KjXce paAUHaH npaBe jopaH H jecy aKo Aa Ha CBpeMe-H ABA Y ahe jeAaH acneK aBaHapAHo HaCaBaha paAU-HaH pa3ABajaha YMeHC 3aHaCBa npeYH yKa3yje Ha Apy.

acKaHa np'a Ha jopaHY ej PHoA aKoe npKa3yje Ky6-C'Ke anCpaXBaHe 06Ke CaBajy X y jYKCan03Ujy ca aK

3BaHM pMBHM" HaAaxHyMa (MaCKa y opheM eBM yy h-XBM YACKM 3BM MAeM. Kanajy KaK He caM A Ka-CBX Ky6C'KX paHcKpUja aKX MaCK eMHo 06-Ka Heo A ojeAHoCaBeHX HaypaC'KX pepe3eHaUja MaCK BX MAea 3ajeAHo ca peKpeCKM eeMeHMa 3aHacKx"poueca aKyaH HapaH eKCa p BpXy Hy jopaHa PABa cnYhaBa y CBap HaAMayje peBYUHapH KBae (pa36jaha Y3je opaHcKo jeAHcBa j Epep pcyje YacKY aK

266

yaHX paMeHaa eMpjcKe cBapHoc Koja je YKY'eHa y YMe-H'K Ae (Buger 1984. 78. e caM heH pacaA AeKopaBHo"060e oBpHo acneKa 3aHaCBa y 3apaBheHY paBaH MAepHC'-Ko CKapCBa HaAMayje MnepaBe ojeBe aYoHoMHe aBaHapAe eKHMCK eHCahe HCYUja KMe ce onpaa Epepo-Ba CopjcKa aBaHapa Be heH CMeahe aKyaHe npnBeC HaBpHY jopaHa 3aXBaa cBe eeMeHe npKa3aHe y Mpe 3Ha'ehaKojMa ce ycoCaBa opaHCKa oyapHC eBa 3Ha'eha ueHeKoja 6 eXHKa KaKpaha HaBoH pe6ao a yH.

PHBa eXHKa CKapCBa y JuKao6oM aeey nCaBaahe aBH paBua Ha KMe je aBaHapAa MaHeCBaa CBjy ey a np3BA Aea 'je X npoueAype nojaBe CMeajy 3BaH KH-BeHUja YMeHoc" y npMB3aM. eHa penpe3eHaUja ce KH-CpYe He caM Kp03 3aHaCKe eXHKe Ka Heo Kp03 aKpHe60je oMoy KjX CKa ype HaMeaj KaHHe EYAy Haypa-C'Ke a He aKaAeMCKe eHe eXHKe nMa noceajy Ha YMeH-Ke nonY opaca nHa 'j je caMYK C HeKaA Ha3BaH npM-BHM". PHBa MeiYM Hje caMYKa Ha je npoeCHaauKj je 961. MaCppaa YMeHC Ha Key y yjKY -Ca caM CBaKY MeAY Koja M je pe6aa" aC heH KMHap o He3Ha' Aa He 6X 3Haa KaK Aa 3BeeM Ha py Ha'Ha" (Ringgold

199. 7). eH HenpMBH" C 6 Coa nooHje 6 ABeC yBe3Y ca CM CaX 06pa30BaHX YMeHKa oY jaMa . H-CHa 'j je 360p caMoYKe eXHKe HaBeo Kp'ape a ynope6e y03HaKY Ca 3a ope6e Bo eceja ca KaCM aCM (Kj

je ca CKM Je MAeM jM ap MH eMa jeHo pyojopaHa 3 cepje aHycKa 3uKa). Ha'ajHo je Kaco a-C Kj cy oKYaBa Aa n06eHY o eBponcKe 3aCaBHe y enMYMeHCMa np6eaBahY eXHKaMa 3 YMeHoc KH30BaHX Ha-Uja HMe c CMapa cnHaHM YMeH'KM eXHKM HCY6 cMapaH HenpMBUMa" Ho aBaHapoM" Epajy ajC PHoBa ce MKe CXBa Kao hXBa CeA6eHua. o Kao 3anaKa o aBaHapC cy cypoCaBeH pHUny AYXBHo KYypaH HaCea" a hXB MH M je 0 nHaBa-

hy ueKyHe pC peceAaHa paAUje" (Poggioi 968. 47).a Ha 3Ha' a je jopaH ej PH pMep npoMaeHoaBaHap3Ma? CM a He je heHa CBpxa pKM 0a6pa-ha HepMBHe pepKe Ha BaaH Ha'H nYH cynpoHa pepU BeHe 'aHBa aBaHape. M CMCY HCYKBH je anaahepeHa a6epMaca 0 aBaHapHoj npMeH aK03BaHo npMBHoH nKa3ye e H aHapXC'KY HaMepy a ce pa30p KHHYYMCpje" c C 'H 3aMeHM CopjcKo ceaha ca xepoj

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CKOM pBa'HOwy . oceaja BpeMeHa y KOMe ce AeKaAeHTHOCT 0AMaXpe03Haje y BapBapCKOM ABJeM pMTBHOM" (Habermas 1981 5).Me 6 ce MOa pAoAaT cTepeoTHo ABbaWTBO" 3HyTpa cOba KOJOH130BaHX JYA y3 3a06aehe oTYK6 3a ar1jaT lOT1'HY HeOCeT1BOCT JKajy y jeAHoM HeaKaAeMCKOM CTJY Aa6 AOBea y Tahe ycoH Apyror HeaKaAeMcKor CTa P1HrOAOBa oCTaBba Tahe Koje oraa Y cpe OBor aceKTa aBaHrapAHor oAyxBaTay oKywajy Aa ce pacKlHe status quo, j je peoKpeT pXBaTbB? o OATora Ma KOCT? o 0 TOMe OAY'yje?

oAjeAHaKo je 36yhyjye heHO AlCOpahe OHora WTO je P03a-JIHA payc Ha3BaJa oprHaHOwy aBaHrapA" OHora WTO je PapA 03Ha0 Kao TeXHKY oprHaHOCT" H oOJ Dprep cy 3a-a3JI Ba)HOCT oprHaHOCT y aBaHrapAHOM OTXBaTY, aKO C ApyrajM beBMa oOl pMeyje heHY KOlCHOCT y CTBapahY HeoYJapHOCT, a Dprep (Ha Tpary DehaMHOBor MeHU'KOl oeJa y o6aMeXaHU'Ke pepoYKuje) heHY oApwKY ayp MCT p1TyaHOr CTa-Tyca YMeTHocT Kao He3aMehBor po3BoAa HABAyaHOr reHja (Pog gioli 1968. 50; B urger1984. 28) o 3a ayca a je AeMcTKaQ-

ja aBaHrapAHx peTeH3ja K a OprHaHOCT KYaH ocTMoAepH 3aa-TaK aAa ce AyKaT, Koja, BA 3ajeAHo ca oprHaOM cao jepayc AyJKaT pa3apa CTY ojeAHaqHOCT OprHaIa (Krass109).

ae payc pMeyjy Aa je oprHaJIHOCT raBH paBaaBaHrapAe qj je 3HaK cOHTaHOCT J caM03pa)aBae KBaITeT KOj ce, apaAOKCaJI HO cTBapa y 306JY Ko paheM (Krass1981. 162 Shff1983119). eAeepAY, AeHTKyje jow paAKaIHj OJ-TqK oTeHjaI Koje pMeyjy Aa YABajae caMO AOBOA AO peOKpeTa y popTeTMa aBaHrapAe y cypoTHocT oprHa/Koja OH3aKb y'yje Aa aHTaBaHrapAa jow Hlje 3aBpWa CBOj ocao CBe AOK pyw-he MTa 0 oprHaIY He 6y!e paeHO OMepaheM qTaBOr CCTeMa KO-

j je OApaBaO Taj MT Derrida 1977195; Schiff1983. 118)Y [uKacM CYjy, PHrOAOBa 3aCTa lAe Aabe OA 06'HOr KO-

paha KacoBor CJlKapCTBa Ha peACTaBa Koljy Tcibua U3AWOHa OKpY)eHY He caMO Ky6CTqKM CKaMa (TpaAOHaJHMppeMaMa 3a CJKahe Hero pepe3eHTa1jaMa ABe BpCTe OprHa

Ia" 3a rOJe rype OA MaCKaMa y CTOjCKOM aBaHrapAHOM CKapCTBY:apqKe MaCKe B1TKy rypy MOHe PHrOAOBe Ay6JepKe. PHrOAOBa OHaBaheM OCT)e HeKOKO CTBap 1KaCOBO peMeK AeO" ceoTcKyje y 03aAlHY OHO je 3aKOheHO CKaMa 3Be3Ae" CJKe MO-He MaCKaMa Koje xljepaTcK Je6Ae y 03aAH; KacoBOM peMeK e y" ce Opqe cOHTaHOCT a TMe OprHaJHOCT reHja herOBor TBOpua YKa3BaheM Ha herOBe 3Bope peMHapHe OCTYKe HeoXOAHepJKOM herOBor CTBapaha PHrOOBa OSOA y Tae He caMO CTa

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TyC HaBOAHe oprHaHOCTl Kaca Kao peACTaBHKa aBaHrape, Hero yory YMeTHOCT KOOH30BaHX Haja eM1HHX 06jeKaTa y aBaH-rapAHOM MOAepHCTqKOM oAyxBaTY

a Tpary TeOpeTqapa Kao WTO je Y3aH Py6H YJejMaH qH Mce Aa Teopja asaHrape Koja Ma BpeAHocT Mopa y ce6e YKbyqT O-eTKY )aHpa (qeMY 6x AOAaa oeTKY KOOHjaHX OCTKOOH-jaHX cKycTaBa (Sleman 1990 84) PHrOJAOBa KOCT csoj 3M-WeH alter eg JIjy ap MOH Aa 6 AeMTKOBaIa CTO30Baa ppoAY pa3Aopa 3Mey pepe3eHTopa pepe3eHTosaHor 3a-

jeAHo C TM, qeCTO OHY pacHy pa3ABojeHocT KOjOM ce OAJKyjy cTopjcKa aBaHrapAa TpaAlOHaHa YMeTHocT pYJeHTHOCT Kqa,Te HeOAOJbBe IpBJaqHOCT", 6pHYO ce MeHT fplH6epr, cYHa

je ypoeHqKe KyJIType y csaKoj KOJOHj 06e3qa X" (Greenberg1939 14) AaBAe Ce Aa je oYapHa AaKe HeoaBaHrapAHa KY-Typa Ha 3BeCTaH HaqH 3aBOAbBa 60eCHa (CKa pocTTyTKe je p-BO WTO HaM 3a3 pe Oq ae osaj eMlH30BaH oY3aM (KaoCYIOTHOCT CTBapHOj YMeTHOCT KOOH3aTopa pa36a)yje OTCKY-je qCTe" ypoeH1qKe KyJType peTocTaBKa je 6a Aa ce BpXyHCKKBaJTeT Be3yje 3a OHO WTO je eBpocKo MYWKO, a a cy ypoeHqKeKYIType", TBp EHAY Poc, Koje cy pY)aJe orOBOp Ha CJKe ca aa-Aa Koje cy plMae (Kao WTO CM M ca aaAa OArOBapa Ha hXOBe6e 60eCHe eMH31paHe (Ross 1989 43-47) ao WTO CTqe e-pOJ aHKaH ( p3eJIa oJOK y HOBlje BpeMe aBaHrapH YMeTHK jeYHBep3aJHO IpeACTaBeH Kao MywKapau MHoro pe Hero WTO je 1939.o6jaBbeH ecej AaHlapoa I KU'. aj cTaTYc je oTBpBaH cypoTCTaBbaheM herOBor aKTBHor, xeTepoceKcyaJHOr MacKYHOr areHca aCSHOMeMH30BaHoM 06jeKTKoBaHoM cTaTYcy herOBe YMeTHocT e-HaMa Koje ce y hOj 'eCTO peACTaBbajy. 0) YMeTHKa C Kpaja AeBeTHaeCTor BeKa OYT Oa foreHa EABapAa YHKa AO OeTKa cTopjcKeaBaHrapAe" (Kaco aTc, yKby'yjy Ty oBcTe HApe epeHa opca JaMeHKa YMeTHKe Brckea EpHcTa pxHepa EpKa eKe-a aAalCTe HapeaCTe waHa BTepca aKca EpHcTa aKOMeTja, acTpaKTHe eKcpecoHcTe UeKcoHa ooKa beMa e y-HHra, )eHe cy 6Je TeK cpeACTBO a He HOCO YMeTHOCT Koja je

CTpa)BaIa OHO WTO je CXBaTaHO Kao cpeAW p06eM encTeHjey 60p6 MYWKor EBpOJbaHHa 3 cpehe KJaCe pOTS eKOHOMCKX CXOOWKlX CTpyKTypa MoepHor 6Y)OaCKOr ApYWTsa. aK je wa-HOBa OHaHa MywKa HCTaa1a (1aKO He HeBOCMCJeHO a AK1 CU-a3U HU3 neHue je CK1AaH Kao apxTeKTypaHO OKpY)ehe OKOmrype, HaM30BaHM Ky63MOM YMeCTO a 6ye areHC heHe aKTBHO-CT We Oac je oTKpea aHKaHosy TBpe a ce y aHTasaH-rapHoj eKoHcpYKj MoepHCTqKOr asaHrapHor MlTS3Ma O

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Huysse Adeas 1981 "he Seach fo ado AvaGade ad Posmodesm he 1970s. New Geman Citique 22

Kauss, Rosad . 1981 "he Ogay of he Ava-Gade A Posmodes Repeo Octobe 18.

av, Maud 1993 Cut with the Kitchen Kne The Weima Photomontages of HannahHch New Have Yae UP.

Maad, Paca 1982 "Qus he Gea Ameca Ar. Feminism and At Histo

Questioning the Litany, ed by Norma Boude ad May Gaad New Yok Hapead Row

Ma Pau!' 1991 The TheoDeath of AvantGade Boomgo daa U P

Macuse Heber. 1968. "he Amave Chaace of Cuue. Negations: Essays inCitical Theo as!. by Jeemy J. Shapo Boso Beaco Pess.

Oega y Gasse Jos 1968 "he Dehumaao of Ar The Dehumanization of Atand Othe Essays on At Cultue and Liteatue. Pceo Pceo UP.

Poggo Reao 1968 The Theo of the Avant-Gade. as by Gead zgead Cambdge Mass Harvad UP

Poock Gseda 1989 "Agecy ad he AvaGade Block 15Poock, Gseda. 993 AvantGade Gambits 1888-89 Gende and the Colo of At

Histo. odo: hames ad Hudso

Poud Eza 1934. Make It New New Have Yae UP

Reed Chsopher. 1994 "Posmodesm ad he Ar of dey Concepts of ModeAt, 3rd ed. ed by Rchad Sagos. odo hames ad Hudso.

Rggod ah & Eeao omehaf. 1990 "ervewg wh ah Rggo1d A Coempoay Heoe Faith Ringgold A 25 Yea Suvey Hempsead, N. Y: e As

Museum of og sad.Rosebeg Haod 1965 The Tadition of the New New Yok McGawH!.Ross Adew 1989 No Respect Intellectuals and Popula Cultue New Yok: Rou

edge

Roh Moa 1992 "Upseg Appe Cas he ech Coco ah Rggod TheFench Collection pa I. New Yok BMOW Pess

Shapo Meyer 1957 "he Lbeag Quay of AvaGade A. At News 56

Shff Rchad 1983. "Masecopy Iis 1.Shff Rchad 1983-84 "Repeseao, Copyg ad he echque of Ogay New

Litea Histo 15.Shkovsky, Vco 1965 "Ar as echque. New Litea Histo IS.

Spvak, Gaya. 1981 "ech emsm a eaoa ame. Yale Fench Studies 62.

Suema Susa Rub 1990. Subversive Intent Gende Politics and the Avant-Gade

Cambdge Mass Havad UPVeu Robe 1966 Complexi and Contradiction in Achitetue New Yok Museum

of Mode AWaace, Mchee 1990. "Modesm, Posmodesm ad he Pobem of he Vsua

Afo-Ameca Cuue Ot Thee Mainaization and Contempoa CultuesNew Yok New Museum of Coempoay A

Woe, Pee 1982 "he wo AvaGades. Reading and Witing Semiotic Countestategie Lodo Veso

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Gibson Avangarda