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s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf tyf gd{\;

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s[lif ljefusf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} s[lif k|;f/n] g]kfnsf] s[lif ljsf;sf nflu dxTjk'0f{ e"ldsf jxg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ljZjsf] abln+bf] kl/j]zsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ s[lif If]qdf gofF gofF r'gf}tLx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] kl/k]|Iodf s[lif If]q ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] k|d'v /0fgLlts cfwf/ :tDesf] ?kdf /x]sf]n] lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df k|lt:kwf{Tds agfpg t'ngfTds nfesf cfwf/df Joj;flos/0f tyf ljljwLs/0f ug'{kg]{ :ki6 b]lvG5 . o;}nfO{ dWogh/ u/L s[lif ljefun] ljleGg k|sf/sf s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . oL sfo{qmdx? s[lif ljefu cGt/utsf ljleGg lgb]{zgfno tyf sfof{nox? dfkm{t s[ifs ;d'bfosf]] ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf ;~rfng xF'b} cfPsf 5g\ . s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ubf{ Ps?ktf x'g h?/L xG5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx?sf] sfo{fGjogdf Ps?ktf tyf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg sfo{qmdsf] k|fljlws / cfly{s dfkb08 tyf sfo{ljlw Pj+ lgb]{lzsfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . oL dfkb08 tyf lgb]{lzsfx?n] ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ cfwf/ k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} ;]jf k|jfxdf ;fd~h:otf sfod ug{ d2t k'¥ofpFb5 . log} :jLs[t gd{\; / dfkb08x?nfO{ s[lif k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t æs[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsfÆ sf] ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . k':tssf] o; ;+:s/0fdf pNn]v ePsf gd{\;x?nfO{ k|fljlws dfkb08df cfwfl/t gd{\;sf] ?kdf qmdzM kl/dfh{g ub}{ nlug] k|of; ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt lgb]{zgfnox?af6 cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f Pj+ ;xof]usf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . s[lif ljefu / cGtu{tsf lgb]{zgfno, /fli6«o sfo{qmd / zfvfx? Pj+ lhNnf l:yt sfof{nox?af6 ;~rfng x'g] s[lif k|;f/ tyf ;]jfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu o; lgb]{lzsfn] Techncial Audit ug{] cfwf/ k|bfg ug]{5 eg] csf]{tkm{ cfly{s kf/blz{tf tyf sfo{;~rfngdf cfO{kg]{ ;d:ofnfO{ ;d]t ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . o; k':tsnfO{ cfufdL cÍdf cem} kl/:s[t ub}{ n}hfg cfjZos ;'emfjsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ kf7sj[Gbdf cg'/f]w ;d]t ub{5' . cGTodf, o; k':tssf] k|sfzgdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng'x'g] sfo{qmd lgb]{zs 8f= lzl4u0f]z >]i7 nufot s[lif k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno kl/jf/nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . s[lif ljefu dftxtsf lgsfox?n] o; lgb]{lzsfsf] dd{ cg'?k s[ifsx?sf] ;xeflutfdf clwstd >f]t kl/rfng ub}{ k|efjsf/L Pj+ kf/bzL{ 9+uaf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{df 6]jf k'¥ofpg]] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5' .

8f= Zofdlszf]/ zfx kmfu'g @)^* dxflgb]{zs, s[lif ljefu

xfd|f] egfO{

s[lif k|;f/ s[lif ljsf;sf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . s[lif k|;f/sf] dfWodaf6 s[ifsx?sf] ;d:of klxrfg ug]{ / klxrfg ePsf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf nflu s[lif cg';Gwfg;Dd k'¥ofpg] sfo{ x'G5 . s[lif ljefun] cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsfn lj=;+= @))* ;fnb]lv g} s[lif k|;f/sf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnsf] s[lif ljsf;sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;af6 s[lif If]qdf ljleGg ;sf/fTds kl/0ffdx? b]vf kl//x]sf 5g\ . ljZjJofkLs/0f;+u} s[ifs tyf pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;f]r / rfxgfdf b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] kl/jt{gsf] kl/j]zn] ubf{ PSnf] ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 dfq} o:tf lqmofsnfk / ;]jf6]jf ckof{Kt b]lvPsf]n] s[lif ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut ax'ntfsf] af6f] klxNofpg' kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . oLg} tYonfO{ x[boËd u/L g]kfndf klg ljutsf s]lx jif{b]lv ;+:yfut ax'ntf / ;fem]bf/Ldf cfwfl/t s[lif ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx?sf] yfngL ePsf] 5 . o; kl/k|]Ifdf k|;f/ ;]jfdf ;+nUg ljleGg lgsfox? aLr ;fd~h:otf sfod ub}{ s[lif k|;f/n] cl3 a9\g' kg]{ l:ylt ePsf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt, sfo{ljlw / gd\{; klg :ki6sf ;fy lglb{i6 x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . s[ifsx?nfO{ s[lif k|;f/ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] ljleGg lgsfox? /x]sf] jt{dfg kl/k|]Ifdf ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ k|bfg ug'{kg]{ ;]jf lgwf{l/t k|s[of tyf kl/df0f / k|fljlws dfkb08sf cfwf/df lglb{i6 x'g' cfjZos 5 . o;n] ;Lldt ;fwg / >f]tsf] ;b'kof]u x'g'sf] ;fy} ;fem]bf/L / ;xsfo{nfO{ klg k|f]T;fxg k|bfg ub{5 . o;sf cltl/Qm o;af6 sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf ;xhtf, ;/ntf / kf/bzL{tf klg x'g hfG5 . d'ne"t?kdf cfly{s dfkb08df cfwfl/t ljutsf gd\{;nfO{ qmdzM kl/df0f tyf k|fljlws dfkb08df cfwfl/t ul/ gd{\;df ;d;fdlos ;'wf/ ub}{ nluPsf] 5 . o;}sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] ?kdf of] æs[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsfÆ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . oBlk clwsf+z gd{\; kl/dfh{g e}g;s]sf]n] ljutsf :jLs[t gd\{;x? klg o; k|sfzgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . o;df s[lif gLlt, s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmdsf sfo{ljlw÷lgb]{lzsf Pj+ gd\{; ;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'Fbf lkmN8:t/df sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;xof]u k'Ug hfg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . cGTodf, lgb]{lzsfsf] tof/Ldf ;lqmotfsf ;fy nflukg'{ x'g] o; lgb]{zgfnosf s[lif k|;f/ clws[t >L /ljGb| ;'j]bL nufot k':ts tof/ kfg{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' x'g] cGo ;a} ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . ;fy}, k|ToIf / ck|ToIf?kdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] cGo lgsfo Pj+ dxfg'efjx? k|lt klg xflb{s s[t1tf JoQm ub{5' . 8f= lzl4u0f]z >]i7 sfo{qmd lgb]{zs kmfu'g @)^* s[lif k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno

ljifo ;"rL

/fli6«o s[lif gLlt @)^! 1 v08 s

s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|fljlws kIf

!= s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmd .......................................................................................................................... 10 !=! s[ifs ;d"x .......................................................................................................................... 10

!=!=! s[ifs ;d"x u7g÷k'gu{7g ................................................................................... 10

!=!=@ cGt/ s[ifs ;d"x k|ltof]lutf .............................................................................. 14

!=!=# pTs[i6 s[ifs ;d"x ;b:o k|ltof]lutf ................................................................ 14

!=@ tflnd sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................... 15

!=@=! If]qLo:t/ s[ifs tflnd ........................................................................................ 15

!=@=@ lhNnf :tl/o s[ifs tflnd ...................................................................................16

!=@=# lhNnf:t/Lo ljiffbL v'b|f ljqm]tf tflnd .............................................................16

!=@=$ ;]jf s]Gb| :t/Lo s[ifs tflnd ............................................................................ 17

!=@=% 3'DtL :ynut s[ifs tflnd ................................................................................ 18

!=@=^ s[ifs ;d"x kl/rfng tflnd............................................................................... 18

!=# uf]i7L sfo{qmd ..................................................................................................................... 20

!=#=! lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{qmd th{'df uf]i7L ................................................................... 20

!=#=@ lhNnf :t/Lo s[ifs uf]i7L ................................................................................... 20

!=#=# ;]jf s]Gb| :t/Lo uf]i7L ......................................................................................... 20

!=#=$ s[ifs ;d:of klxrfg tyf ;d:of ;dfwfg uf]i7L (PCPS) ............................ 21

!=$ e|d0f sfo{qmd ..................................................................................................................... 22

!=$=! cGt/ lhNnf s[ifs e|d0f ..................................................................................... 22

!=$=@ lhNnf :t/Lo s[ifs e|d0f.................................................................................... 22

!=$=# cGt/ ;d"x s[ifs e|d0f ....................................................................................... 23

!=% lbj; sfo{qmd ..................................................................................................................... 23

!=%=! ljZj vfB lbj; ................................................................................................... 23

!=%=@ ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; ...........................................................................................24

!=%=# lhNnf :t/Lo s[ifs lbj; ...................................................................................24

!=^ s[lif d]nf k|bz{gL -lhNnf :t/Lo_ ...................................................................................... 25

!=& k|efjsfl/tf cWoog ........................................................................................................... 25

!=&=! s[lif k|;f/ z}lIfs tl/sf k|efjsfl/tf cWoog .................................................. 25

!=&=@ s[ifs ;d"x k|efjsfl/tf cWoog ........................................................................ 26

!=* >Jo b[Zo k|bz{g ................................................................................................................. 27

!=( ljz]if afnL ;Ktfx .............................................................................................................. 27

!=!) lhNnf s[lif ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:ox¿af6 lg/LIf0f÷cg'udg ........................................... 28

!=!! pTs[i6 k|f=;=÷gf=k|f=;= nfO{{ k'/:s[t ug]{ ......................................................................... 29

!=!@ s[lif a'n]l6g k|sfzg........................................................................................................... 30

!=!# ;]jfs]Gb| :t/Lo d'n s[ifs ;d"x a}7s .............................................................................. 31

!=!$ k|fljlws jftf{nfk ................................................................................................................ 31

!=!% s[ifs ;d"x÷s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] k|:tfjgfdf cfwfl/t sfo{qmd ;DaGwL gd{;÷

sfo{ljlw ............................................................................................................................... 32

!=!^ ;fgf l;+rfO ljz]if sfo{qmd............................................................................................... 35

!=!& ;xsf/L v]tLdf cfwfl/t l;+rfO{ sfo{qmd .......................................................................... 36

@= afnL ljsf; sfo{qmd ........................................................................................................................ 36 @=! glthf k|bz{g ....................................................................................................................... 36

@=!=! vfBfGg, bfn / t]nxg afnL ............................................................................... 37

@=!=@ skf; afnL ........................................................................................................... 38

@=@ pTkfbg k|bz{g .................................................................................................................... 38

@=@=! vfBfGg, bfn / t]nafnL ...................................................................................... 38

@=# afnL rqm (Cropping Pattern) k|bz{g ............................................................................. 39

@=$ pGgt aLp sL6 ljt/0f .................................................................................................... 40

@=% qmk sl6Ë ........................................................................................................................... 40

@=^ vfBfGg afnL pTkfbg k|ltof]lutf .....................................................................................42

@=& lhNnf:t/Lo aLp lahg cfTdlge{/ sfo{qmd .................................................................. 47

@=* lhNnf :t/Lo aLpljhg cfTdlge{/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;~rfng ul/g] ljz]if ;xof]u .... 53

@=( cf}Bf]lus afnL ljz]if sfo{qmd -pv'_ ............................................................................... 62

@=!) cf}Bf]lus afnL ljz]if sfo{qmd -h'6_ ................................................................................ 62

#= jfujfgL ljsf; sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................. 62 #=! kmnk"mn afnL ...................................................................................................................... 62

#=!=! gofF g;{/L :yfkgf ................................................................................................ 62

#=!=@ g;{/L ;'b[l9s/0f..................................................................................................... 63

#=!=# gd"gf kmnk"mn au}+rf :yfkgf............................................................................... 63

#=!=$ gd"gf au}+rf Joj:yfkg cg';/0f ......................................................................... 63

#=!=% Joj;flos au}+rf :yfkgf .................................................................................... 64

#=!=^ Joj;flos au}+rf Joj:yfkg ............................................................................... 64

#=!=& au}+Rff ;d:of lgbfg k|bz{g÷cleofg ................................................................ 64

#=!=* la?jf Kofs]lhË rfh{ ........................................................................................... 64

#=!=( ;fdu|L 9'jfgL ........................................................................................................ 65

#=!=!) la?jf df]6f{ln6L .................................................................................................... 65

#=!=!! g;{/L k|ltof]lutf ................................................................................................... 65

#=!=!@ kmnk"mn au}+rf k|ltof]lutf ................................................................................... 69

#=!=!# ;]nf/ :6f]/ lgdf{0f ................................................................................................ 73

#=!=!$ z'Go zlQm e08f/ lgdf{0f ..................................................................................... 76

#=!=!% xfe]{li6Ë Jofu (Harvesting Bag) ....................................................................... 76 #=!=!^ u|]l8Ë pks/0f (Grading Machine) ................................................................... 77

#=!=!& Fabrication of Fruit grading machine (Mandarin Orange) ...........................78

#=!=!* Fabrication of Fruit harvesting bag (Mandarin Orange) ............................... 79

#=@ a9L 3gTj /f]k0f (High density planting) df ;'Gtnfhft kmnk"mn gd"gf au}rf

:yfkgf sfo{qmd .................................................................................................................. 79

#=# t/sf/L tyf cfn'afnL ....................................................................................................... 80

#=#=! t/sf/L v]tLsf nflu j]gf{ pTkfbg tyf ;fd'bflos g;{/L Joj:yfkg ........... 80

#=#=@ a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tLsf] nflu Knfli6s 3/ ....................................................... 81

#=#=# lghL t/sf/L g;{/L :yfkgf ................................................................................ 89

#=#=$ t/sf/L Kofs]h k|bz{g .........................................................................................90

#=#=% a]df};dL t/sf/L pTkfbg k|bz{g ........................................................................90

#=#=^ s/];fjf/L k|bz{g ..................................................................................................90

#=#=& t/sf/L aLp pTkfbg k|bz{g ...............................................................................90

#=#=* pGgt aLp sL6 ljt/0f ....................................................................................... 91

#=#=( ;dGjofTds s[lif ks]6 Kofs]h sfo{qmd ........................................................... 91

#=#=!) t/sf/L afnL pTkfbg k|ltof]lutf ....................................................................... 91

#=#=!! cfn'afnLdf glthf k|bz{g ................................................................................... 95

#=#=!@ laofFåf/f aLp cfn' pTkfbg k|bz{g ..................................................................... 97

#=#=!# cfn'sf] aLp 9'jfgL tyf ;'Vvf hlt{ ................................................................... 97

#=#=!$ cfn'afnLdf Plss[t afnL Joj:yfkg s[ifs kf7zfnf ...................................... 97

#=#=!% d'nf aLp y|];/ ljt/0f ........................................................................................ 98

#=#=!^ /li6s :6f]/ lgdf{0f ............................................................................................... 99

#=$ slkm tyf d;nf afnL ..................................................................................................... 105

#=$=! slkm g;{/L :yfkgf ............................................................................................. 105

#=$=@ cn}+rL aLp g;{/L :yfkgf .................................................................................. 105

#=$=# cn}+rL g;{/L ;'b[l9s/0f...................................................................................... 106

#=$=$ gd"gf cn}+rL au}+rf :yfkgf .............................................................................. 106

#=$=% cb'jf pTkfbg k|bz{g ......................................................................................... 106

#=$=^ b'O{ 8«d Ifdtfsf] cn}+rL ;'sfpg] e§L lgdf{0f .................................................. 107

#=% jfujfgL kmfd{÷s]Gb|x?df t/sf/L aLp÷a]gf{ pTkfbg ;DaGwL gd{; .......................... 109

#=^ 3/af/L au}+rf :yfkgf tyf Joj:yfkg gd{;................................................................. 123

#=& Knfli6s 6g]ndf yf]kf l;+rfO{ k|bz{g sfo{qmd .............................................................. 124

$= dT:o ljsf; sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................... 124 $=! k|bz{g sfo{qmdx¿ ........................................................................................................... 124

$=!=! wfg v]tdf df5fkfng glthf k|bz{g .............................................................. 124

$=!=@ s]hdf bfgf v'jfP/ df5fkfng -dgf]sNr/_ k|ljlw ......................................... 125

$=!=# XofrlnË gl;{Ë k|bz{g ...................................................................................... 125

$=!=$ df5fsf] a[l4 b/ hfFr ug]{ k|ljlw....................................................................... 126

$=!=% s]ldsN;sf] k|of]uåf/f cN;/]l6e -O=o'=P;=_ /f]u lgoGq0f k|bz{g .................. 127

$=!=^ r'gsf] k|of]uåf/f cN;/]l6e -O=o'=P;=_ /f]u lgoGq0f k|bz{g ........................... 127

$=!=& XofrlnË :6sLË tyf bfgf lbg] k|bz{g ........................................................... 127

$=!=* df5f kf]v/Lsf] dlnnf]kg hfFr ug]{ k|ljlw .......................................................128

$=!=( df5f kf]v/Lsf] zq'hLj lgoGq0f tl/sf k|bz{g ................................................128

$=!=!) kf]v/Ldf r'gsf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf k|bz{g .........................................................128

$=!=!! 7"nf] ;fOhsf] e'/f x'sf{pg] k|ljlw k|bz{g ......................................................... 129

$=!=!@ j9L df5f pTkfbg k|ljlw k|bz{g ...................................................................... 129

$=!=!# vfg]df5f KoflsË Joj:yfkg k|ljlw k|bz{g ...................................................... 130

$=!=!$ s/];f kf]v/L k|ljlw k|bz{g ................................................................................. 131

$=!=!% Knfli6s kf]v/L lgdf{0f ul/ dT:o kfng k|bz{g ............................................... 132

$=@ dT:o lghL g;{/L k|bz{g ................................................................................................... 133

$=# pTkfbsTj lgwf{/0f k|bz{g ................................................................................................ 133

$=$ df5f e'/f tyf ÅofrlnË 9'jfgL ..................................................................................... 134

$=% wfg v]tdf df5fkfng If]q lj:tf/ .................................................................................. 134

$=^ 3f]ndf Plss[t df5fkfng k|bz{g -df5f;+u xfF;kfng_ ............................................... 134

$=& dT:o ljh 9'jfgL df]6f{ln6L cg'bfg ................................................................................ 135

$=* dxfhfn vl/b cg'bfg .......................................................................................................136

$=( xf+;sf] rNnfdf df]6f{ln6L ..................................................................................................136

$=!) cfsl:ds ;]jf ...................................................................................................................136

$=!! lgdf{0f Pj+ ;'b[l9s/0f sfo{qmd ........................................................................................ 137

$=!!=! 3f]ndf dT:o kfng sfo{qmdM ............................................................................ 137

$=!!=@ Xofr/L ;'b[l9s/0f Pj+ lgdf{0f -cleofgd'vL sfo{qmd ;d]t_ ......................... 138

$=!@ j9L df5f pTkfbg k|ltof]lutf ......................................................................................... 139

$=!# /fhdfu{ 5]p5fpsf ;fgf hnfzo If]qdf df5f kfngdf cg'bfg ............................... 146

$=!$ dT:o :jf:Yo lzlj/ ........................................................................................................ 147

%= afnL ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................... 148 %=! s[ifs kf7zfnf ................................................................................................................. 148

%=!=! :ynut s[ifs ;d"x cGt/lqmof uf]i7L -# k6s_ ............................................ 148

%=!=@ :ynut tflnd ;~rfng .................................................................................. 148

%=!=# s[ifs kf7zfnf lbj; ........................................................................................ 148

%=!=$ cfO=lk=Pd= nfO{6 6«ofk k|bz{g ........................................................................ 149

%=!=% cfO{=lk=Pd=k/hLjL k|of]u k|bz{g ...................................................................... 149

%=!=^ cfO{=lk=Pd= Pk|f]r k|bz{g .................................................................................. 149

%=@ jflif{s ;3g cfO{=lk=Pd= s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfngsf] gd{;\ (Norms), @)^& .......... 149

%=# ;e]{ P08 ;e]{n]G; sfo{qmd (Survey/Surveillance) ...................................................... 151

%=$ ;xeflutfd"ns k|ljlw ljsf; sfo{qmd .......................................................................... 155

%=% d';f lgoGq0f cleofg ...................................................................................................... 155

%=^ cfsl:ds afnL ;+/If0f ;]jf ............................................................................................ 155

%=& s[lif pks/0f Joj:yf ....................................................................................................... 156

^= Joj;flos sL6 ljsf; sfo{qmd ................................................................................................... 156 ^=! df}/L uf]nf pkxf/ sfo{qmdsf] sfo{ljlw, @)^^ .............................................................. 156

^=@ df}/L ljsf; sfo{qmd gd{; .............................................................................................. 159

^=@=! k|bz{g .................................................................................................................. 159

^=@=@ /fg', 3f/ tyf df}/Lkfng pks/0f ljt/0f ........................................................ 160

^=@=# df}/L r/0f sfo{qmd............................................................................................. 161

^=@=$ df}/L uf]nf :yfgfGt/0f ....................................................................................... 161

^=# /]zd v]tL .......................................................................................................................... 161

^=#=! k|bz{g .................................................................................................................. 161

^=#=@ lsDa'v]tL lj:tf/ ................................................................................................ 162

^=#=# P/L /]zd v]tL lj:tf/ -P/L sf]of pTkfbg sfo{qmd;+u ;Dj4_ ..................... 162

^=#=$ lhNnf:t/Lo sf]of pTkfbg k|ltof]lutf ............................................................. 164

^=#=% rvf{ ljt/0f ........................................................................................................ 164

^=#=^ k'/fgf] au}+rf Joj:yfkg ..................................................................................... 164

^=#=& bz xhf/ sfo{qmd .............................................................................................. 165

^=#=* rf}sL sL/f kfng 3/ lgdf{0f ............................................................................. 165

^=#=( ljljw ;]jf .......................................................................................................... 165

^=#=!) /]zd sL/fkfng ;]jf cg'bfg sfo{qmd ............................................................. 165

^=#=!! /]zd wfuf] pTkfbg k|a4{g sfo{qmd.................................................................. 170

^=$ Rofp pTkfbg ................................................................................................................... 174

^=$=! Rofp pTkfbg k|bz{g -sGo] tyf uf]j|] Rofp_ .................................................. 174

^=$=@ Rofp aLp ljt/0f .............................................................................................. 174

&= df6f] Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd .............................................................................................................. 174 &=! k|bz{g sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................ 174

&=!=! sDkf]i6 dn tof/ ug]{ k|ljlw k|bz{g M ............................................................ 174

&=!=@ xl/of] dn glthf k|bz{g M ................................................................................. 175

&=!=# ;'IdtTj k|of]u k|bz{g M..................................................................................... 175

&=!=$ ;'Id h}ljs dn k|of]u k|bz{g M ........................................................................ 176

&=!=% uf]7]dnd"q tof/ ug]{ k|ljlw -esf/f] ;'wf/ k|bz{g_ ....................................... 176

&=!=^ afof]UofF; :n/Laf6 sDkf]i6 agfpg] k|ljlw k|bz{g ........................................ 177

&=!=& s[lif r'g k|of]u .................................................................................................. 177

&=!=* eld{sDkf]i6 k|bz{g.............................................................................................. 177

&=!=( Phf]nf÷afof] UofF; :n/L k|of]u k|bz{g ............................................................. 177

&=@ df6f] kl/If0f lzlj/÷df6f] ;Ktfx ;~rfng ................................................................... 178

&=# ;]jf s]Gb| :t/Lo lbuf] e"–Joj:yfkg tflnd ................................................................. 178

&=$ PsLs[t vfBtTj Joj:yfkg s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng ................................................ 179

&=% /f;folgs dn k|of]u ;DaGwL cWoog ............................................................................ 179

&=^ la?jfsf] vfBtTj ;d:of cWoog ................................................................................. 180

&=& le/fnf] hdLgdf ul/g] v]tL k|ljlw – SALT ................................................................. 180

*= of]hgf, ahf/ ljsf; tyf cfly{s ljZn]if0f ................................................................................ 183 *=! sfo{qmd tyf k|ult k'l:tsf k|sfzg .............................................................................. 183

*=@ cWoog÷;j]{If0f ................................................................................................................ 183

*=@=! cfly{s kIfsf cWoog÷;j]{If0fx¿ .................................................................... 183

*=@=@ xf6ahf/÷;+sng s]Gb| ;DefJotf cWoog ...................................................... 183

*=# ahf/ k|rf/÷k|;f/............................................................................................................. 183

*=#=! xf6jhf/ :yfkgf................................................................................................. 183

*=#=@ ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ ....................................................... 184

*=$ xf6ahf/ jf ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf .................................................................................. 184

*=% d"No ;+sng ..................................................................................................................... 184

*=^ Kofs]lhË ;'wf/ ................................................................................................................. 185

(= cleofgd'vL sfo{qmd (Mission program) sfo{ljlw tyf gd{; ................................................ 185 (=! cleofgd'vL ;'Gtnfhft au}+rf k|a4{g sfo{qmd ........................................................... 185

(=@ ds} tyf e6df; pTkfbg cleofg ................................................................................. 186

(=# cleofgd'vL Kofh sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^* ................................................. 186

(=#=! cleofgd'vL Kofh sfo{qmd ............................................................................... 193

(=$ lkm; ld;g gd{; ............................................................................................................. 194

(=$=! cleofgd'vL dT:o pTkfbg sfo{qmd ................................................................ 195

!)= >f]t ;+/If0f k|ljlw k|bz{gL sfo{qmd sfo{ljlw ............................................................................ 196

!!= s0ff{nL c~rn s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd .......................................................................................... 198 !!=! jfujfgL ljsf; sfo{qmd ................................................................................................ 198

!!=!=! kmnk"mn la?jf ljt/0f ...................................................................................... 198

!!=!=@ jfujfgL cf}hf/ ljt/0f ...................................................................................... 199

!!=!=# kmnk"mn lghL g;{/L :yfkgf .............................................................................. 199

!!=!=$ lghL g;{/L ;'b[l9s/0f ........................................................................................ 199

!!=!=% :ofpsf] nflu sf6{'g ljt/0f tyf :ofp 9'jfgL ................................................ 199

!!=!=^ ;]nf/ :6f]/ lgdf{0f ............................................................................................. 200

!!=@ afnL ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ...................................................................................................... 200

!!=@=! :k]|o/÷8i6/ ljt/0f ........................................................................................... 200

!!=@=@ d]6n ;L8jLg ljt/0f......................................................................................... 201

!!=@=# vfBfGg tyf kmnk"mn afnLdf nfUg] /f]u sL/f lgoGq0f cleofg ................... 201

!!=# jfujfgL kmfd{df pGgt df}/Lkfng k|bz{g ...................................................................... 201

!!=$ k/Dk/fut df}/L3f/df ;'wf/ k|bz{g .................................................................................202

!@= s0ff {nL c~rnsf kf“rj6} lhNnfx? tyf d':tf· lhNnfaf6 pTkflbt :ofpsf] nflu sf6{'g tyf 9'jfgL cg'bfg gd{; Pj+ sfo{ljlw, @)^^ -;+zf]wg_ ...........................................................202

!#= s0ff{nL c~rnsf k|To]s lhNnf tyf ;f]n'v'Da'af6 l;dL 9'jfgL cg'bfg gd{; tyf sfo{ljlw, @)^^ .............................................................................................................................................. 204

!$= d':tf+u lhNnfdf vRr8af6 :ofp 9'jfgL ..................................................................................... 205

v08 v

s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] cfly{s kIf

!= s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmd ....................................................................................................................... 209 !=! s[ifs ;d"x ....................................................................................................................... 209

!=!=! s[ifs ;d"x u7g÷k'gu{7g ................................................................................ 209

!=!=@ cGt/ s[ifs ;d"x k|ltof]lutf ........................................................................... 209

!=!=# pTs[i6 s[ifs ;d"x ;b:o k|ltof]lutf ............................................................. 209

!=@ tflnd sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................ 209

!=@=! If]qLo:t/ s[ifs tflnd ..................................................................................... 209

!=@=@ lhNnf :t/Lo s[ifs tflnd............................................................................... 209

!=@=# lhNnf :t/Lo ljiffbL v'b|f ljqm]tf tflnd ........................................................ 210

!=@=$ ;]jf s]Gb| :t/Lo s[ifs tflnd .......................................................................... 210

!=@=% 3'DtL :ynut s[ifs tflnd .............................................................................. 210

!=# uf]i7L sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................... 211

!=#=! lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{qmd th{'df uf]i7L ................................................................. 211

!=#=@ lhNnf :t/Lo s[ifs uf]i7L ................................................................................. 211

!=#=# ;]jf s]Gb| :t/Lo s[ifs uf]i7L ............................................................................ 211

!=#=$ s[ifs ;d:of klxrfg tyf ;dfwfg (PC/PS) uf]i7L ...................................... 211

!=$ e|d0f sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................... 211

!=$=! cGt/lhNnf s[ifs e|d0f..................................................................................... 211

!=$=@ lhNnf :t/Lo s[ifs e|d0f÷s[ifs ;d"x e|d0f .................................................. 212

!=$=# cGt/ ;d"x s[ifs e|d0f ..................................................................................... 212

s[ifs tflnd, e|d0f, uf]i7L cflbdf s[ifsx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpFbf s[ifs eQf ;DaGwL

gd{; ............................................................................................................................................... 212

!=% lbj; sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................... 212

!=%=! ljZj vfB lbj; ................................................................................................. 212

!=%=@ ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; ......................................................................................... 213

!=%=# lhNnf :t/Lo s[ifs lbj; ................................................................................. 213

!=^ s[lif d]nf k|bz{gL -lhNnf :t/Lo_ ................................................................................... 214

!=& k|efjsfl/tf cWoog ........................................................................................................ 214

!=&=! s[lif k|;f/ z}lIfs tl/sf k|efjsfl/tf cWoog ............................................... 214

!=&=@ s[ifs ;d"x k|efjsfl/tf cWoog ..................................................................... 214

!=* >Jo b[Zo k|bz{g .............................................................................................................. 214

!=( ljz]if afnL ;Ktfx ........................................................................................................... 214

!=!) lhNnf s[lif ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:ox?af6 lg/LIf0f÷cg'udg .......................................... 215

!=!! pTs[i6 h]=l6=÷h]=l6=P= nfO{{ k'/:s[t ug]{ ........................................................................ 215

!=!@ s[lif a'n]l6g k|sfzg......................................................................................................... 215

!=!# ;]jfs]Gb| :tl/o d"n s[ifs ;d"x a}7s ........................................................................... 215

!=!$ k|fljlws jftf{nfk ............................................................................................................. 215

!=!% s[ifs ;d"x÷s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] k|:tfjgfdf cfwfl/t sfo{qmd ;DaGwL gd{; .... 216

!=!^ ;fgf l;+rfO{ ljz]if sfo{qmd............................................................................................. 216

!=!& ;xsf/L v]tLdf cfwfl/t ;fgf l;+rfO l:sd sfo{qmd .................................................. 216

@= afnL ljsf; sfo{qmd ..................................................................................................................... 216 @=! glthf k|bz{g .................................................................................................................... 216

@=!=! vfBfGg, bfn / t]nafnL .................................................................................... 216

@=!=@ skf; afnL ......................................................................................................... 216

@=@ pTkfbg k|bz{g .................................................................................................................. 217

@=@=! vfBfGg, bfn / t]nafnL .................................................................................... 217

@=@=@ skf; afnL ......................................................................................................... 217

@=# afnL rqm k|bz{g .............................................................................................................. 217

@=$ pGgt aLp ls6 ljt/0f ................................................................................................... 217

@=% qmk sl6Ë .......................................................................................................................... 217

@=^ vfBfGg afnL pTkfbg k|ltof]lutf ................................................................................... 217

@=& lhNnf :t/Lo aLp ljhg cfTdlge{/ sfo{qmd................................................................ 217

@=* ljh a[l4 sfo{qmd -ljz]if ;xof]u sfo{qmd_ ...................................................................218

@=( cf}Bf]lus afnL ljz]if sfo{qmd -pv'_ .............................................................................218

@=!) cf}Bf]lus afnL ljz]if sfo{qmd -h'6_ .............................................................................. 222

#= jfujfgL ljsf; sfo{qmd ............................................................................................................... 223 #=! kmnk"mn afnL .................................................................................................................... 223

#=!=! gofF g;{/L :yfkgf .............................................................................................. 223

#=!=@ g;{/L ;'b[l9s/0f.................................................................................................. 223

#=!=# gd"gf kmnk"mn au}+rf :yfkgf............................................................................ 223

#=!=$ gd"gf au}+rf Joj:yfkg cg';/0f ...................................................................... 223

#=!=% Joj;flos au}+rf :yfkgf ................................................................................. 224

#=!=^ Joj;flos au}+rf Joj:yfkg ............................................................................ 224

#=!=& au}+rf ;d:of lgbfg k|bz{g÷cleofg ............................................................. 224

#=!=* la?jf Kofs]lhË rfh{ ........................................................................................ 224

#=!=( ;fdu|L 9'jfgL ...................................................................................................... 225

#=!=!) la?jf df]6f{ln6L .................................................................................................. 225

#=!=!! g;{/L k|ltof]lutf ................................................................................................. 225

#=!=!@ kmnk"mn au}+rf k|ltof]lutf ................................................................................. 225

#=!=!# ;]nf/ :6f]/ lgdf{0f .............................................................................................. 225

#=!=!$ z"Go zlQm e08f/ lgdf{0f ................................................................................... 226

#=!=!% Fruit Grading Machine (Mandarin Orange) / kmn xfe]{li6Ë Jofu ............ 226

#=!=!^ ljleGg kmnk"mn la?jfx?sf] ;/sf/L d"No ;"rL .............................................. 226

#=@ a9L 3gTj /f]k0f (High density planting) df ;'Gtnfhft kmnk"mn gd"gf au}+rf

:yfkgf sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................ 230

#=# t/sf/L tyf cfn'afnL ...................................................................................................... 230

#=#=! t/sf/L v]tLsf nflu j]gf{ pTkfbg tyf ;fd'bflos g;{/L Joj:yfkg

;DaGwL gd{; ...................................................................................................... 230

#=#=@ a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tLsf] nflu Knfli6s 3/ ..................................................... 231

#=#=# lghL g;{/L :yfkgf ............................................................................................. 232

#=#=$ t/sf/L Kofs]h k|bz{g ....................................................................................... 233

#=#=% a]df};dL t/sf/L pTkfbg k|bz{g ...................................................................... 233

#=#=^ s/];fjf/L k|bz{g ................................................................................................ 233

#=#=& t/sf/L aLp pTkfbg k|bz{g ............................................................................. 233

#=#=* pGgt aLp sL6 ljt/0f ..................................................................................... 233

#=#=( ;dGjofTds s[lif ks]6 Kofs]h sfo{qmd ;~rfng ......................................... 233

#=#=!) t/sf/L afnL k|ltof]lutf ....................................................................................234

#=#=!! cfn'afnLdf glthf k|bz{g .................................................................................234

#=#=!@ laofFåf/f aLp cfn' pTkfbg k|bz{g ................................................................... 235

#=#=!# cfn'sf] aLpdf 9'jfgL tyf ;'Vvf hlt{ ............................................................. 236

#=#=!$ cfn'afnLdf Plss[t afnL Joj:yfkg s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng vr{ ........... 236

#=#=!% d'nf aLp y|];/ ljt/0f ....................................................................................... 237

#=#=!^ /li6s :6f]/ lgdf{0f ............................................................................................. 237

#=$ slkm tyf d;nf afnL ..................................................................................................... 237

#=$=! slkm g;{/L :yfkgf ............................................................................................. 237

#=$=@ cn}+rL aLp g;{/L :yfkgf .................................................................................. 237

#=$=# g;{/L ;'b[l9s/0f.................................................................................................. 237

#=$=$ gd"gf cn}+rL au}+rf :yfkgf .............................................................................. 237

#=$=% cb'jf pTkfbg k|bz{g ......................................................................................... 238

#=$=^ b'O{ 8«d Ifdtfsf] cn}+rL ;'sfpg] e§L lgdf{0f .................................................. 238

#=% jfujfgL kmfd{÷s]Gb|x?df t/sf/L aLp÷a]gf{ pTkfbg ;DaGwL gd{; ........................... 239

#=^ 3/af/L au}+rf :yfkgf tyf Joj:yfkg gd{;................................................................. 239

#=& Knfli6s 6g]ndf yf]kf l;rfO{ k|bz{g sfo{qmd ............................................................... 239

$= dT:o ljsf; sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................... 240 $=! k|bz{g sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................ 240

$=!=! wfg v]tdf df5fkfng glthf k|bz{g .............................................................. 240

$=!=@ s]hdf bfgf v'jfP/ df5fkfng k|bz{g -df]gf] sNr/_ .................................... 240

$=!=# XofrlnË gl;{Ë k|bz{g ..................................................................................... 240

$=!=$ df5fsf] a[l4 b/ hfFr k|bz{g -tl/sf k|bz{g_ ................................................. 241

$=!=% s]ldsn k|of]uaf6 O=o'=P;= /f]u lgoGq0f k|bz{g ........................................... 241

$=!=^ r'gsf] k|of]uaf6 O=o'=P;= /f]u lgoGq0f k|bz{g .............................................. 241

$=!=& XofrlnË :6lsË tyf bfgf lbg] k|bz{g .......................................................... 242

$=!=* df5f kf]v/Lsf] dlnnf]kg hfFr ug]{ k|ljlw k|bz{g -tl/sf k|bz{g_ ................ 242

$=!=( df5f kf]v/Ldf zq'hLj lgoGq0f tl/sf k|bz{g ............................................... 242

$=!=!) kf]v/Ldf r'gsf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf k|bz{g ........................................................ 242

$=!=!! 7"nf] ;fOhsf] e'/f x'sf{pg] k|ljlw k|bz{g .........................................................243

$=!=!@ j9L df5f pTkfbg k|ljlw k|bz{g ..................................................................... 244

$=!=!# vfg]df5f KoflsË Joj:yfkg k|ljlw k|bz{g -tl/sf k|bz{g_ .......................... 245

$=!=!$ s/];f kf]v/L k|ljlw k|bz{g -glthf k|bz{g_ .................................................... 245

$=!=!% Knfli6s kf]v/L lgdf{0f ul/ dT:okfng k|bz{g ............................................... 245

$=@ dT:o lghL g;{/L k|bz{g ................................................................................................. 246

$=# dT:o pTkfbsTj lgwf{/0f ................................................................................................ 246

$=$ df5f e'/f tyf Åofrlnª 9'jfgL .................................................................................... 247

$=% wfg v]tdf df5fkfng If]q lj:tf/ ................................................................................. 247

$=^ 3f]ndf Plss[t df5fkfng k|bz{g sfo{qmd -df5f;+u xfF; kfng_ ............................. 247

$=& dT:o lah 9'jfgL df]6f{ln6L ............................................................................................ 247

$=* dxfhfn v/Lb .................................................................................................................. 247

$=( xfF;sf] rNnfdf df]6f{ln6L ................................................................................................ 247

$=!) cfsl:ds ;]jf ................................................................................................................. 248

$=!! lgdf{0f Pj+ ;'b[l9s/0f sfo{qmd ....................................................................................... 248

$=!!=! 3f]ndf dT:o kfng ........................................................................................... 248

$=!!=@ x\ofr/L ;'b[l9s/0f Pj+ lgdf{0f -cleofgd'vL sfo{qmd ;d]t_ ........................ 248

$=!@ a9L df5f pTkfbg k|ltof]lutf ........................................................................................ 249

$=!# /fhdfu{ 5]p5fpsf ;fgf hnfzo If]qdf df5f kfngdf cg"bfg ................................ 249

$=!$ dT:o :jf:Yo lzlj/ ........................................................................................................ 249

%= afnL ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................... 250 %=! s[ifs kf7zfnf ................................................................................................................. 250

%=!=! :ynut s[ifs ;d"x cGt/lqmof uf]i7L -# k6s_ ............................................ 250

%=!=@ :ynut tflnd ;~rfng .................................................................................. 250

%=!=# -s_ s[ifs kf7zfnf lbj; ................................................................................ 250

%=!=# -v_ s[ifs k|lzIfsåf/f ;+rflnt s[ifs kf7zfnf tyf cg';/0f sfo{qmd ..... 250

%=!=$ cfO=lk=Pd= nfO{6 6«ofk k|bz{g ......................................................................... 251

%=!=% cfO=lk=Pd= k/hLjL k|of]u k|bz{g ..................................................................... 251

%=!=^ cfO=lk=Pd= Pk|f]r k|bz{g ................................................................................. 251

%=@ jflif{s ;3g cfO{=lk=Pd= s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfngsf] gd{;\ (Norms), @)^& ........... 252

%=@=! cfO{=lk=Pd= ;xhstf{ (IPM Facilitator) dfkm{t ;~rfng x'g] cfO{=lk=Pd=

s[ifs kf7zfnfx?sf] gd{;\ (Norms) ................................................................ 252

%=@=@ cfO{=lk=Pd= s[ifs ;xhstf{ (IPM Farmer Facilitator) dfkm{t ;~rfng

x'g] jflif{s cfO{=lk=Pd= s[ifs kf7zfnfx?sf] gd{;\ ........................................ 258

%=@=# ljz]if afnLx?df s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfngsf] nflu ljz]if Aoj:yf ............... 266

%=# ;j]{ P08 ;a]{n]G; sfo{qmd ............................................................................................... 266

%=$ ;xeflutf d"ns k|ljlw ljsf; sfo{qmd ........................................................................ 266

%=% d';f lgoGq0f cleofg ...................................................................................................... 267

%=^ cfsl:ds afnL ;+/If0f ;]jf ............................................................................................ 267

%=& s[lif pks/0f Joj:yf ....................................................................................................... 267

^= Joj;flos sL6 ljsf; sfo{qmd ................................................................................................... 267 ^=! df}/L ljsf; sfo{qmd gd{; .............................................................................................. 267

^=!=! k|bz{g .................................................................................................................. 269

^=!=@ 3f/, /fg' tyf df}/Lkfng pks/0f ljt/0f ....................................................... 270

^=!=# df}/L r/g sfo{qmd ............................................................................................ 270

^=!=$ df}/L uf]nf :yfgfGt/0f ...................................................................................... 270

^=@ /]zd v]tL .......................................................................................................................... 271

^=@=! k|bz{g .................................................................................................................. 271

^=@=@ lsDa'v]tL lj:tf/ ................................................................................................ 271

^=@=# P/L /]zd v]tL lj:tf/ ........................................................................................ 271

^=@=$ lhNnf :t/Lo sf]of pTkfbg k|ltof]lutf ........................................................... 272

^=@=% rvf{ ljt/0f ........................................................................................................ 272

^=@=^ k'/fgf] au}+rf Joj:yfkg ..................................................................................... 273

^=@=& bz xhf/ sfo{qmd .............................................................................................. 273

^=@=* rf}sL sL/f kfng 3/ lgdf{0f ............................................................................. 273

^=@=( ljljw ;]jf .......................................................................................................... 273

^=@=!) /]zd sL/fkfng ;]jf cg'bfg sfo{qmd ............................................................. 273

^=@=!! /]zd sf]ofsf] juL{s/0f tyf d"No ;+zf]wg ....................................................... 275

^=@=!@ /]zd wfuf] pTkfbg k|a4{g sfo{qmd.................................................................. 275

^=# Rofp pTkfbg .................................................................................................................... 276

^=#=! Rofp pTkfbg k|bz{g ......................................................................................... 276

^=#=@ Rofp aLp ljt/0f ............................................................................................... 277

&= df6f] Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd ............................................................................................................... 277 &=! k|bz{g sfo{qmd ................................................................................................................. 277

&=@ df6f] kl/If0f lzlj/ ;+rfng ............................................................................................ 277

&=# ;]=s]=:t/Lo lbuf] e"–Joj:yfkg tflnd -P;=P;=Pd=lk=_ .............................................. 277

&=#=! ;]=s]=:t/Lo s[ifs tflnd ................................................................................... 277

&=$ PsLs[t vfBtTj Aoj:yfkg s[ifs kf7zfnf ;+rfng ................................................. 278

&=% /f;folgs dn k|of]u ;DaGwL cWoog ........................................................................... 280

&=^ la?jfsf] vfBtTj ;d:of cWoog ................................................................................. 280

&=& le/fnf] hdLgdf ul/g] v]tL k|ljlw – SALT ..................................................................281

&=* df6f] tyf /;folgs dnsf] k|of]uzfnf ljZn]if0f b/ .....................................................281

*= of]hgf, cfly{s ljZn]if0f tyf ahf/ ljsf; ............................................................................... 282 *=! k'l:tsf k|sfzg ............................................................................................................... 282

*=@ cWoog÷;j]{If0f ............................................................................................................... 282

*=@=! cfly{s kIfsf cWoog÷;j]{If0fx? .................................................................... 282

*=@=@ xf6 ahf/÷;+sng s]Gb| ;DefJotf cWoog .................................................... 282

*=# ahf/ k|rf/÷k|;f/............................................................................................................ 282

*=#=! xf6 ahf/ :yfkgf .............................................................................................. 282

*=#=@ ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ k|rf/–k|;f/ ug]{ ....................................................... 282

*=$ xf6ahf/ jf ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf ................................................................................... 283

*=% d"No ;+sng ...................................................................................................................... 283

*=%=! v'b|f d"No ;+sng................................................................................................ 283

*=%=@ yf]s d"No ;+sng ............................................................................................... 283

*=%=# l;dfjlt{o d"No ;+sng ..................................................................................... 283

*=%=$ s[ifsn] kfpg] d"No ;+sng (Producer Price) ................................................. 283

*=^ Kofs]lhË ;'wf/ .................................................................................................................. 283

(= cleofgd"vL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ..................................................................................................... 283 (=! cleofgd'vL ;'Gtnfhft au}+rf k|a4{g sfo{qmd (Mission Citrus) ............................. 283

(=@ ds} tyf e6df; pTkfbg ;DaGwL :jLs[t gd{; ......................................................... 284

(=# cleofgd'vL Kofh sfo{qmd (Mission Onion Program) ;+rfng gd{; ..................... 284

(=$ cleofgd'vL dT:o pTkfbg sfo{qmd (Mission fish) ................................................... 286

(=$=! kf]v/L lgdf{0f lj:tf/......................................................................................... 286

(=$=@ ;xsf/Ls/0f Pj+ /lhi6«]zg cg'bfg .................................................................. 286

(=$=# d8 kDk vl/b Pj+ h8fg ................................................................................. 286

(=$=$ cleofgd'vL dT:o pTkfbg sfo{qmdsf cGo sfo{qmdx? .............................. 286

!)= >f]t ;+/If0f k|ljlw k|bz{gL sfo{qmd sfo{ljlw ........................................................................... 287 !)=! Go"gtd hf]tfO{ k|ljlwaf6 ux'F 5g]{ k|bz{g ...................................................................... 287

!)=!=! >lds ................................................................................................................. 287

!)=!=@ d]lzg pks/0f ................................................................................................... 288

!)=!=# ;fdfu|L ................................................................................................................ 288

!)=@ l/k/ d]lzgaf6 ux'F s6fgL k|bz{g .................................................................................. 290

!)=@=! >lds ................................................................................................................. 290

!)=@=@ d]lzg pks/0f .................................................................................................... 291

!)=@=# ;fdfu|L ................................................................................................................. 291

!!= s0ff{nL c~rn s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd ........................................................................................... 292 !!=! jfujfgL ............................................................................................................................. 292

!!=!=! kmnk"mn la?jf ljt/0f ....................................................................................... 292

!!=!=@ jfujfgL cf}hf/ ljt/0f ...................................................................................... 292

!!=!=# kmnk"mn lghL g;{/L :yfkgf .............................................................................. 293

!!=!=$ lghL g;/L ;'b[l9s/0f ........................................................................................ 293

!!=!=% :ofpsf] nflu sf6{'g ljt/0f tyf :ofp 9'jfgL ................................................ 293

!!=!=^ ;]nf/ :6f]/ lgdf{0f .............................................................................................. 293

!!=!=& t/sf/L s/];f jf/L sDkf]lh6 Kofs]6 ljt/0f sfo{qmd .................................... 293

!!=!=* aLp cfn'pTkfbg sfo{qmd ................................................................................ 294

!!=@ afnL ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ...................................................................................................... 294

!!=@=! :k]|o/÷8i6/ ljt/0f ........................................................................................... 294

!!=@=@ d]6n ;L8jLg ljt/0f........................................................................................ 294

!!=@=# vfBfGg tyf kmnk"mn afnLdf nfUg] /f]u sL/f lgoGq0f cleofg .................. 294

!!=# jfujfgL kmfd{df pGgt df}/Lkfng k|bz{g ..................................................................... 294

!!=$ k/Dk/fut df}/L3f/df ;'wf/ k|bz{g ................................................................................ 295

!@= s0ff{nL c~rnsf kfFrj6} lhNnfx? tyf d':tf· lhNnfaf6 pTkflbt :ofpsf] nflu sf6{'g tyf 9'jfgL cg'bfg gd{; Pj+ sfo{ljlw, @)^^ -;+zf]wg_ .......................................................... 295

!#= s0ff{nL c~rnsf k|To]s lhNnf tyf ;f]n'v'Da'af6 l;dL 9'jfgL cg'bfg gd{; tyf sfo{ljlw, @)^^ ............................................................................................................................................... 296

!$= s[lif tflnd lgb]{zgfnoaf6 ;+rflnt tflndx? ............................................................................. 296

!$=! ljleGg ldltdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t s[lif tflnd ;DaGwL dfkb08x? ................ 296

!$=@ uf]i7L÷;]ldgf/ ;~rfng ;DaGwL dfkb08 (Norms) x? ............................................. 298

!$=# n]v /rgf÷hg{n k|sfzg ;DaGwL dfkb08 (Norms) x? ........................................... 298

!$=$ tflnd ef}lts ;'ljwfx?sf] :jLs[t ef8f b/ .................................................................. 301

!$=% k|lzIffyL{x¿nfO{ lbOg] k'/:sf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ............................................................ 302

!$=^ /fhZj k|zf;g tflnd s]Gb|, xl/x/ejgsf] :jLs[t dfkb08 ......................................... 303

!%= d':tf+u lhNnfdf vRr8af6 :ofp 9'jfgL ubf{ sf6{'g tyf 9'jfgL ;DaGwL gd{; ........................ 304

!^= k'/:sf/ /sddf s/ 5'6 ;DaGwdf cy{ dGqfnosf] kl/kq ....................................................... 305

v08 -u_

lgb]{lzsfx¿

!= ;fgf l;+rfO{ ljz]if sfo{qmd 307

@= ;xsf/L v]tLdf cfwfl/t ;fgf l;+rfO{ :sLd sfo{qmd 320

#= s/f/ tyf ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd M s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno cGtu{t s/f/ tyf

;fe]mbf/Ldf sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb{]lzsf, @)^! 329

$= vfB kf]if0f ;'/Iff cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t /f;folgs dn tyf aLp ljhgdf

9'jfgL cg'bfg ;x'lnot pknJw u/fpg] sfo{sf] lgb]{lzsf, @)%( 342

%= s[lif If]qsf] lgIf]k0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)%( 348

^= s[lif If]qsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg lgb]{lzsf, @)^) 356

&= k|of]uzfnfx?sf] ;Mz'Ns ;]jf ;DaGwL sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf, @)%(÷@)^) 374

*= s[lif kmfd{÷s]Gb|x?sf] bf]xf]/f] dfu{ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL tyf cltl/Qm sfo{qmd ;~rfng

sf]if ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)^) 400

(= s[lif ljsf; of]hgf, hgsk'/sf] ;fgf l;+rfO -:ofnf] 6\o"aj]n_ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

lgb]{+lzsf, @)^$ 412

ljz]if gf]6 415

- 1 _

/fli6«o s[lif gLlt @)^!

k[i7e"dL b]zsf] ef}uf]lns kl/j]zn] pknAw u/fPsf] cj;/ / s[ifsx¿sf] cg'ej tyf cfw'lgs s[lif

k|ljlwx¿sf] ;b'kof]uaf6 bLuf] cfly{s a[l4 tyf vfB ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf ljBdfg

/x]sf] 5 . s[lif e"ldsf] cg'ko'Qm k|of]u Pj+ ljleGg k|sf]kx¿sf sf/0f pj{/f s[lif e"ldsf] ¥xf; x'Fb}

hfg', s[lifdf >d / ;Lk x'g]x¿df s[lif e"ldsf] kx'Fr gk'Ug' / kxF'r k'Ug]x¿n] klg cfw'lgs

k|ljlwx¿sf] k|of]u u/L kof{Kt dfqfdf Jofj;flos ?kdf pkof]u ug{ g;Sg' / u}/ s[lif If]qsf]

ljsf;sf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ -l;+rfO{, ;8s, lah'nL, ;+rf/, pBf]u

/ ahf/ Joj;fo tyf pGgt k|ljlwx¿_ df kof{Kt nufgL cfs[i6 x'g g;Sg' s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;sf]

d"n ;d:ofsf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

s[lif If]qsf] ;du| ljsf;sf nflu NofOPsf s[lif ljsf;sf] gLltut ?k/]vf @)$* tyf

bL3{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfn] o; If]qsf] ljsf;nfO{{ s]xL xb;Dd lbzfaf]w u/fPsf] 5 . tyflk cfly{s

pbf/Ls/0f, ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g tyf If]qLo ;+u7gx¿df g]kfnsf] ljBdfg k|lta4tf, g]kfnsf] nflu

lbuf] ljsf;sf] Ph]08f Pj+ ;x;|fAbL ljsf;sf nIox¿ ;d]tsf] k[i7e"dLdf bL3{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfsf

d"ne"t kIfnfO{{ sfod /fvL gofF /fli6«o s[lif gLlt th'{df u/L nfu'ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf]n] g]kfn

;/sf/ -tTsflng >L % sf] ;/sf/_ n] of] /fli6«o s[lif gLlt @)^! hf/L u/]sf] 5 . o; If]qdf th'{df

ePsf / gofF th'{df x'g] j:t'ut tyf ljifout gLltx¿ o;} gLltaf6 lgb]{lzt x'g] 5g\ .

b[li6sf]0f lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{{ Jofj;flos Pj+ k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f u/L bLuf]

s[lif ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg' s[lif If]qsf] bL3{sfnLg b[li6sf]0f /xg]5 .

p2]Zox¿ Jofj;flos Pj+ k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif k|0ffnLåf/f pRr Pj+ lbuf] cfly{s a[l4 xfl;n u/L vfB

;'/Iff tyf u/LaL lgjf/0fdf of]ubfg ug{ M

!= s[lif pTkfbg Pj+ pTkfbsTj a9fpg] .

@= Jofj;flos tyf k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif k|0ffnLsf cfwf/x¿sf] ljsf; u/L If]qLo / ljZj ahf/;Fu

k|lt:kwf{Tds agfpg] .

#= k|fs[lts >f]t, jftfj/0f / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g Pj+ ;b'kof]u ug]{ .

gLltx¿ k|:t't p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu >f]t ;fwgdf kxF'r ePsf / ;fwg / cj;/df t'ngfTds

?kdf Go"g kxF'r ePsf b'j} ;d"xsf s[ifsx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{{ ;d]6g] u/L lgDg gLltx¿

cjnDag ul/g] 5g\ .

- 2 _

-s_ s[lif pTkfbg Pj+ pTkfbsTj clej[l4

!= :yfgLo ;DefJotf, t'ngfTds nfe tyf ljlzi6 cj;/sf] pkof]u u/L pko'Qm s[lif

k|ljlwx¿sf] ljsf;, k|;f/ tyf pkof]uaf6 s[lif pTkfbg Pj+ pTkfbsTj a9fOg]5 . ;fy}

s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0f tyf ljljlws/0fdf hf]8 lbO{ cfo cfh{g tyf /f]huf/sf yk cj;/x¿

;[hgf ul/g] 5g\ .

@= j}1flgs e"–pkof]u k|0ffnLsf] pkof]u u/L pj{/f s[lif e"dLnfO{{ u}/ s[lif k|of]udf Nofpg lg?T;flxt

ul/g] 5 . kxf8df le/fnf] hdLg Joj:yfkgsf] pko'Qm k|ljlw / t/fO{ tyf ;dy/ pkTosfdf s[lif

e"dL ljsf;sf] pko'Qm k|ljlw k|of]u u/L hdLgsf] j}1flgs k|of]unfO{{ a9fjf lbOg]5 .

#= l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf, s[lif ;8s, u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f / pko'Qm s[lif k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/

ul/g]5 . l;+rfO{, ;8s tyf ljB'tLs/0f ;'ljwf ePsf If]qdf pknAw k|ljlwsf] ;3g / Jofks

pkof]u u/fOg] 5 .

$= pQ/–blIf0f /fhdfu{{ tyf ;xfos dfu{x?sf] cf;kf;sf ;DefJo If]qx¿df a9L df]n hfg]

s[lifj:t'sf] ks]6 ljsf;df ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . ljz]if u/L b'u{d If]qx¿df sd tf}n

tyf a9L d"No hfg] s[lif j:t'x¿sf] pTkfbgdf k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

%= :yfgLo cfjZostf / k|fyldstf cg'?ksf] s[lifsf of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog / cg'udgsf]

sfo{ :yfgLo lgsfox¿df lgIf]k0f u/L :yfgLo lgsfox¿nfO{{ lhDd]jf/ / ;Ifd agfOg]5 .

o;sf nflu ;zt{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yfaf6 6]jf k'¥ofOg] 5 .

^= PseGbf a9L lhNnf ;d]6]/ ;DefJo s[lif pTkfbg Pj+ s[lif Jofj;fo k|j4{g u/L

Jofj;foLs/0fsf cfwf/ v8f ug]{ t'ngfTds ?kdf 7"nf cfof]hgfx¿ :yfgLo lgsfosf]

;xeflutfdf s]lGb|o cfof]hgfsf ?kdf ;~rfng u/L 6]jf k'¥ofOg] 5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf

nflu s]Gb|df /x]sf ljefu Pj+ lgb]{zgfnox¿nfO{{ lhDd]jf/ / ;Ifd agfOg] 5 .

&= vfB kf]if0f nufotsf s[lif k|ljlwsf] :ynut k|;f/ ;]jfdf s[ifs ;d"xsf] dfWod ckgfOg]5 .

s[lif÷jg sn]hx¿af6 klg cfkm\gf] k|efj If]qdf ;dGjofTds?kdf s[lif k|ljlw k|;f/

Kofs]hx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5 . ;fy} s[lif k|;f/df ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf cfd ;+rf/ dfWodsf] klg

pkof]u ul/g]5 .

*= ljsf; If]q / ef}uf]lns pkIf]qx¿sf] cfwf/df :yfgLo aLp, a]gf{, la?jf, gZnx¿sf] pTkfbg

ug]{x¿sf] nflu u'0f:t/Lo ;|f]t ;fdu|Lx¿sf] s]Gb| / s[lifj:t';+sng, k|zf]wg, ;+ro / 9'jfgL

cflb sfo{ ug]{ pBdL tyf Joj;foLx¿sf] nflu ljz]if k|ljlw ;]jfsf] ;|f]t s]Gb|sf ?kdf /fli6«o

s[lif ;|f]t s]Gb|x¿sf] ljsf; u/L ;'b[9 ul/g]5g\ . o:tf ;|f]t s]Gb|x¿nfO{{ df6f] ljZn]if0f, aLp

k|df0fLs/0f, afnL ;+/If0f tyf kz'/f]u lgbfg nufotsf If]qdf ;e]{ ;le{n]G; ;]jf ;~rfng,

k|of]uzfnf ;]jf ;~rfng Pj+ pBdL, Joj;foL, ;xsf/LsdL{ Pj+ s[lif sfo{stf{x¿sf] Ifdtf

ljsf; tflnd ;d]t lbg ;Sg] PsLs[t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ub}{ nlug]5 .

(= ef}uf]lns ;DefJotf / t'ngfTds tyf :yfg ljz]ifsf] ljlzi6 nfe ;d]tsf b[li6af6 cfjZos

kg]{ s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{x¿ -vfB tyf kf]if0f k|ljlw nufotsf s[lif pTkfbg, ;+sng, u|]l8ª,

- 3 _

e08f/0f, k|zf]wg, Koflsª\ cflb_ sf nflu lghL If]q / u}/ ;/sf/L If]q ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfTds

tyf k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; k|0ffnLsf] k|j4{g ul/g]5 . o:tf] k|0ffnL ;'xfpFbf]

nufgL Joj:yf ug{ s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k cg';Gwfgsf] ;+:yfut

pRr lgsfosf] ;+/rgfnfO{{ ;'wf/ u/L Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ;Da4

cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{ / k|ljlw tyf ljz]if1 cfbfg–k|bfgnfO{{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .

!)= lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df ul/g] vr{df s/ k|of]hgsf nflu

vr{ n]Vg kfpg] ;'ljwfsf ;fy} cGo pko'Qm k|f]T;fxg ;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿ u/L lghL tyf

j}b]lzs If]qsf] nufgL cfs[i6 ul/g] 5 .

!!= k|d'v pTkfbg ;fdu|Lx? -pGgt kz', kG5L, df5f e'/f, /f;folgs dn Pj+ aLp lahg cflb_

sf] cfoft, pTkfbg tyf df}Hbft l:yltsf] lgoldt cg'udg u/L cfk"lt{ ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .

!@= s[lif pTkfbg tyf Joj;fo k|j4{gdf cfjZos s[lif C0f k|jfxnfO{{ pTkfbg tyf Joj;fosf]

k|ltkmn;Fu cfa4 u/L ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .

!#= cltj[li6, cgfj[li6, /f]u, sL/f Pj+ cGo b}jL k|sf]kx¿sf] cfFsng / s[lif /fxt kl/rfngsf

nflu ;e]{ ;le{n]G; k|0ffnL :yflkt u/L lqmofzLn /flvg]5 .

!$= :yfgLo txdf s[ifsx¿sf] Ifdtf ;'wf/sf nflu s[ifs tflnd sfo{qmddf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 .

!%= s[lif hgzltm pTkfbgsf nflu s[lif tyf jg ljZjljBfno :yfkgf / s[lif jg sn]hx¿sf]

k|j4{g ul/g]5 . ljZjljBfno÷sn]hx¿ / s[lif cg';Gwfg s]Gb| tyf /fli6«o s[lif >f]t

s]Gb|x¿;Fu k|fljlws / ljz]if1 cfbfg k|bfg u/L ;xsfo{ u/fpg] Joj:yfaf6 s[lif hgzlQmsf]

u'0f:t/ ljsf; ul/g]5 . s[lif Joj;foLs/0fsf nflu s[lif ahf/ tyf Joj;fo k|j4{g ;Da4

hgzlQm pTkfbgdf klg hf]8 lbOg] 5 .

!^= s[lif If]qsf] of]hgf th'{df, gLlt lgwf{/0f tyf cg'udg d"NofÍgsf nflu cfjZos tYofÍ

;+sng, ljZn]if0f / k|If]k0f sfo{nfO{{ ;'b[9 ul/g] 5 . ;fy} s[lif If]qsf] nflu cg's"n d"No tyf

Jofkf/ k4lt (Terms of Trade) :yflkt u/fpg lgoldt cg'udg ul/g] 5 .

!&= s[lifsf sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;~rfngdf ;Dej x'g] ;a} If]qdf dlxnf ;+nUgtf Pj+ ;xeflutfnfO{{

%) k|ltzt k'¥ofOg]5 . dlxnf s[ifs tflnddf ;se/ 3'DtL tflndsf] k|aGw ldnfO{{ 3/ ufpF

glur k'¥ofpg] k|aGw ldnfO{g] 5 . sfo{qmddf dlxnf ;+nUgtf ;Da4 ;"rgf tyf tYof+sx¿sf]

k|jfxnfO{{ ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .

!*= rf/ x]S6/ eGbf sd hdLg x'g] sd ;|f]t ;fwg ePsf (Resource poor) s[ifsx?sf] klxrfg /

juL{s/0f u/L tf]lsPsf ;'ljwfx¿ pknAw u/fOg] 5 .

nlIft ju{x¿sf nflu ljz]if ;'ljwf

cfwf x]s6/eGbf sd hdLg eO{ l;~rfO{ ;'ljwf Go"g /x]sf, blnt, pTkLl8t tyf cGo

;LdfGt s[ifs Pj+ s[lif >ldsx¿nfO{{ nlIft ;d"xdf juL{s/0f u/L ljz]if ;'ljwf lbg] b[li6sf]0faf6

lgDg gLltx¿ cjnDag ul/g]5g\ .

- 4 _

!(= ;Lk ePsf e"dLlxg, ;LdfGt Pj+ ;fgf s[ifsx¿nfO{{ e"dLdf kxF'r k'¥ofpg sfod /x]sf] sfg"gL

xbaGbLsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, xbaGbL 5'6sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg, k|ultzLn s/ Joj:yf,

v]tL e"ldsf] nflu s/f/ ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf h:tf ljleGg ljsNkx¿sf] klxrfg u/L

e"dLdf kx'Frsf cj;/x¿sf] ;[hgf ul/g]5 .

@)= e"dL a}+ssf] :yfkgf u/L :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xeflutfdf s[lif sfo{sf nflu hUuf

lsGg]÷a]Rg]x¿nfO{{ v]tLof]Uo hUufsf] pknAwtf af/] ;"rgf ;]jf / cfjZos kg]{nfO{{ C0f

;'ljwf pknAw u/fOg]5 . o; a}+saf6 nlIftju{x¿nfO{{ s[lif pTkfbgsf nflu ;x'lnot b/df

e"dL vl/b ug{ ljz]if C0f ;'ljwf pknaw u/fOg] 5 .

@!= s/f/ jf sa'lnot Joj:yfaf6 s[lif hUuf jf kf]v/L jf 3f]n jf hnfzo jf gbL gfnfsf

If]qx¿ k|fKt u/L s[lif pTkfbg ug]{ ;d"xdf cfa4 eO{ cfpg] pTkLl8t, blnt tyf cGo

;LdfGt tyf e"dLlxg s[lif >ldsx¿sf] nflu aLp lahg k|fljlws ;]jf lgMz'Ns pknAw

u/fOg]5 . ;fy} s[lif ljsf; a}+s nufot cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx? kl/rfng u/L ;x'lnot b/df

;d"xdf s[lifC0f pknAw u/fOg] 5 .

@@= ;LdfGt hdLg, r/g÷vs{, x}l;ot lalu|Psf jg tyf k|of]udf gcfPsf ;fj{hlgs hdLgnfO{{

nlIft ;d'bfodf sa'lnotdf x:tfGt/0f u/L ;DefJotf cg';f/ 3fF;, 8fn]3fF;, s[lif jg,

hl8a'6L tyf /]zd Pj+ cGo :yfoL ?v la?jf x'g] vfnsf gub]afnL Pj+ kmnk"mn au}+rf

ljsf;df pkof]u u/fO{ jg tyf cGo hdLgsf] x}l;ot ;'wf/sf ;fy} u/LaL lgjf/0fdf 6]jf

k'¥ofOg]5 .

@#= ;fgf l;+rfO{ k"jf{wf/x¿ h:t} 9LsL kDk, /f]c/ kDk, l:k|ª\sn/, 8«Lk, kfgL ;+sng kf]v/L

(Water Harvest) cflbsf] lgdf{0f tyf h8fgdf nlIft ;d"xnfO{{ ljz]if ;'ljwf lbOg]5 .

@$= vfBfGg Go"g ePsf If]qx¿df vfBfGg pknAwtf a[l4 ug{ pTkfbg tyf cfo a[l4sf

;DefJotfsf] pkof]u u/fOg] 5 . ;fy} cGoqaf6 vfBfGg cfk"lt{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf

vfBj:t' 9'jfgL, ;~ro / ljt/0fdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xeflutfdf vfBfGg ;~ro Pj+

kl/rfng ;Ghfnsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

@%= g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg] vfBj:t', 9'jfgL, ;fdu|Lsf] d"No, Jofh cflb ;'ljwfx¿ vfB

;'/Iffsf b[li6af6 hf]lvd If]q / nlIft ;d"x klxrfg u/L k|fyldstf ;fy pknAw u/fOg] 5 .

@^= df};d tyf cGo k|sf]ksf] ptf/ r9fjsf] cj:yfdf cfwf x]S6/eGbf sd hdLg ePsf /

jif{el/ l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf gePsf s[ifsx¿sf] nflu / e"dLlxg tyf cGo j}slNks cfo>f]t

gePsf ;LdfGt s[ifsx¿sf] nflu vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff sjrsf] (Safety Nets) ljsf; ub}{

nlug] 5 .

-v_ Jofj;flos / k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;

@&= ahf/sf] dfu cg';f/sf] pko'Qm kl/df0f / u'0f:t/df s[lif j:t'pTkfbg ug]{ a[xt\ pTkfbg If]q

(Large Production Pockets) ljsf; ul/g]5 . o:tf ks]6 If]qdf t'ngfTds nfe ePsf s[lif

j:t'x?sf] pTkfbgdf k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . o:tf If]qdf k|ljlw Pj+ k|fljlws ;]jf tyf s[lif

- 5 _

;8s, u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f, l;+rfO{, s[lifC0f, ahf/ Joj:yf h:tf cGo ;'ljwfx¿ PsLs[t ?kdf

kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

@*= vfBfGgsf] cefj ePsf If]qdf vfBfGg k'¥ofpg cfk"lt{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] kxf8L If]q

cf;kf;df To:tf] cfk"lt{ sfo{qmd dfk{mt ahf/ d"Nodf vfBfGg vl/b u/L :yfgLo pTkfbg

a9fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 .

@(= ;/sf/L kmfd{÷s]Gb|x¿df pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgnfO{{ lgwf{l/t p2]Zodf c;/ gkg]{ u/L clwstd

pkof]u ug{ Joj;fod"ns sfo{qmd ;d]tsf] bf]xf]/f] dfu{ (Double Track System) Joj:yfkg

k|0ffnL cjnDag ul/g]5 .

#)= kz'aLdfsf] lj:tf/ ul/g'sf ;fy} kG5L Pj+ 5flgPsf afnLsf] aLp / a9L df]n hfg]

s[lifj:t'x¿sf] qmlds ?kdf aLdf ul/g]5 .

#!= k|fËfl/s v]tL (Organic Farming) nfO{{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 . k|fËfl/s v]tL u/L s[lifj:t'lgsf;L

ug]{ pTkfbg If]qdf pTkflbt s[lifj:t'x¿sf] u'0f:t/ k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu 6]jf k'¥ofOg]5 .

#@= xfO{la|8 aLp, pGgt gZnsf] pTkfbg tyf k|of]unfO{{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 / kl/jlt{t cfg'j+zsLo

hLjx? (Genetically Modified Organism) sf] k|of]unfO{{ lgodg ul/g]5 .

##= k/Dk/fut :yfgLo df}lns s[lifj:t' Pj+ ;Da4 k|ljlwx¿sf] k~hLs/0f tyf k|j4{g ul/g] 5 .

:jb]zL d"nsf] ljlzi6 pTkfbg Pj+ pTkfbg k+|ljlwx¿sf] klxrfg tyf clwsf/ ;'/lIft ul/g]5 .

#$= s[lif tflndnfO{{ Ifdtf ;'wf/ / Joj;fo k|j4{gd'vL tflnddf juL{s/0f ul/g]5 . Ifdtf ;'wf/

tflndaf6 s[lif sfo{stf{x¿sf] Ifdtf ;'wf/ tyf s[ifsx¿sf] pTkfbg Ifdtf clea[l4 ul/g] 5 .

Joj;fod'vL tflndnfO{{ tflndkl5sf] Joj;fo Kofs]hdf cfwfl/t u/L dfuk|wfg u/fOg]5 .

#%= lzlIft a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿nfO{{ s[lif k]zfdf cfs[i6 ug{ s[lif Joj;fo :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng

tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

#^= pGgt s[lif >f]t ;fdu|Lx¿sf] -aLp, la?jf, a]gf{, gZn, e'/f cflb_ :yfgLo pTkfbg tyf laqmL

ljt/0f / dnvfb Pj+ /f]u tyf sL6gfzs cf}ifwLx¿sf] laqmL ljt/0fnfO{{ lgodg u/L cfk"lt{df

u'0f:t/ sfod u/fOg]5. s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt lghL If]qsf k|of]uzfnf ;]jf tyf u'0f:t/Lo

pTkfbg k|zf]wg ;]jfnfO{{ klg lgodg u/L dfGotf (Accreditation) lbOg]5 .

#&= u'0f:t/Lo s[lif pTkfbg / :yfgLo tyf afXo ahf/df ljZj;gLotfsf] ljsf; ug{ s[lif /

kz'Sjf/]G6fOg ;]jfnfO{{ Jojl:yt / ;'b[9 ul/g]5 .

#*= vfBj:t'sf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f, u'0flgoGq0f, u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0f / lgodg ug]{ sfo{df :yfgLo

lgsfo ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

#(= cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw, ;Demf}tf tyf /fli6«o cfjZostf cg';f/ s[lifj:t'sf] lgod ;]jfnfO{{

cBfjlws ub}{ nlug]5 .

$)= ;xsf/Ldf cfwfl/t s[lif pBf]u Pj+ Joj;fosf] k|j4{gdf k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

- 6 _

$!= s[lif pBdL÷Joj;foL Pj+ k|ultzLn s[ifs tyf ;Da4 ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] u'gf;f Pj+

;'emfjx¿sf] ljZn]if0f u/L lgsf; lbg / ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, If]qLo Jofkf/ ;+u7g h:tf

afXo lgsf;L ahf/ ;Da4 ;+u7gx¿;+usf k|lta4tfx¿ / cfoft k|lt:yfkg tyf lgsf;L

k|j4{gdf lqmofzLn /xg s[lif pBf]u Joj;fo k|j4{g ;ldltsf] k|efjsf/L kl/rfng u/L s[lif

Jofj;foLs/0fnfO{{ 6]jf k'¥ofOg]5 .

$@= s[lif j:t'x¿sf] Jofj;flos pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / ahf/ If]qdf ;xsf/L Pj+ lghL If]qsf] nufgL

cfs[i6 ug{ k|f]T;fxgo'Qm j:t'ut tyf ljifout gLltx¿sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

$#= s[lif If]qdf lbOg'kg]{ k|fyldstf cg'?k s[lif cg';Gwfg, s[lif pTkfbg, s[lif k|zf]wg, pBf]ux¿

/ cfGtl/s tyf afXo lgsf;L ahf/sf] cGt;{DaGw :yflkt ug{ / afXo nufgL ;d]t cfs[i6

ug{sf nflu 5'§} s[lif pBf]u ljsf; gLlt NofO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

$$= Jofj;flos s[lif pTkfbgsf ;DefJo If]qx¿df s[lif k|ljlw k|;f/ ;]jf ;z'Ns pknAw u/fO{

lghLIf]q, ;xsf/L If]q tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qnfO{{ cfslif{t ul/g]5 .

$%= pko'Qm kmfd{ s]Gb|x¿nfO{{ s/f/df÷sa'lnotdf lghL If]qaf6 ;~rfng u/fpg k|f]T;fxg

ul/g]5 .

$^= ahf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|jfx ug]{ sfo{ lghL Pj+ ;xsf/L If]q tyf :yfgLo

lgsfox¿;Fu ;fem]bf/Ldf ;d]t ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

$&= s[lifj:t'x¿sf] Joj;flos pTkfbgnfO{{ ahf/ cj;/sf] ;'lglZrttf lbg ;DefJo pTkfbg ynf]

glhs ;+sng s]Gb| / ;DefJo 3gf pkef]Qmf glhs ;+ul7t ahf/sf] ;'lglZrttf lbgsf] nflu

lghL tyf ;xsf/L If]qsf] nfut ;xeflutf / Joj:yfkgdf /xg] u/L ;'ljwfo'Qm s[lif

yf]sahf/ tyf xf6ahf/x¿sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/df 6]jf k'¥ofOg]5 .

$*= cfGtl/s s[lif pTkfbsx¿nfO{{ ;d]6]/ s/f/ pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf cfa4 u/L ahf/ cj;/ lbg] /

cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{ jf lgsf;L ug]{ pBf]u Joj;foLx¿nfO{{ k"FhLut tyf cGo k|f]T;fxg÷

;'ljwfx¿ s[lif Joj;fo k|j4{g ;ldltsf] ;Lkmfl/zdf pknAw u/fOg]5 .

$(= :yfgLo ;—;fgf] k"FhL / cGo >f]tsf] kl/rfng tyf k|j4{g u/L ;xsf/Lsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{

;DefJo s[ifs tyf pBdLx¿sf] ;d"xnfO{{ ;xsf/Ls/0f ub}{ nlug]5 . ;fy} ufpF 3/sf o:tf

;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{{ s[ifs ;d"xsf] pTkfbg ;fdu|L tyf ;]jfx¿ pknAw u/fpg] / pgLx¿sf

pTkfbgx¿sf] ahf/ k|0ffnLdf k7fpg] :yfgLo s]Gb| (Delivery Point) sf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 .

-u_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g Pj+ ;b'kof]u

%)= s[lif /;fogx¿sf] k|of]uaf6 df6f] tyf hnfzosf] cj:yfdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efj / cGo

jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofnfO{{ Go"g ul/g]5 . ;fy} kz'kG5Ldf k|of]u x'g] cf}ifwL tyf xdf]{gx¿sf]

k|of]udf sdL NofOg]5 .

%!= k|fËfl/s dnsf] pTkfbg tyf k|of]u k|j4{gnfO{{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

- 7 _

%@= h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf nflu hLg a}Ísf] Joj:yf / :yfgLo ;+/If0f (In Situ Conservation)

nfO{{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . ;Defljt If]qdf ;xeflutfTds h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f If]q

(Participatory Biodiversity Park) :yflkt ul/g] 5 .

%#= x}l;ot lau|]sf jg tyf k|fs[lts hnfzosf] x}l;ot ;'wf/ ug]{ u/L h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f,

;Dj4{g / ;b'kof]u tyf s[lif jg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

%$= :yfgLo ;xeflutfsf cfwf/df hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg / gbL s6fg lgoGq0f u/L ;+/If0fk|wfg

s[lif k|0ffnL ljsf; ub}{ nlug]5 .

%%= v]tLof]Uo hUufsf] v08Ls/0f lgoGq0f / j}1flgs e"–Joj:yfkg -rSnfaGbL_ nfO{{ :yfgLo

lgsfosf] ;xof]u ;d]tdf Jojl:yt ul/g]5 .

%^= cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf ;d]t u/L e"ldsf] ;xsf/L÷;fem]bf/L÷;d"x Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf]

ljsf; ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . o:tf] e"dL Joj:yfkgdf tTk/tf b]vfpg]nfO{{ k|fyldstf lbg]

u/L ;Da4 s]Gb|Lo tyf :yfgLo ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] 5gf}6 tyf sfof{Gjogsf]

cfwf/ agfO{ pTk|]l/t ul/g]5 .

sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg Joj:yf

s= :yfgLo txb]lv s]lGb|o tx;Ddsf] s[lif If]qsf] of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgdf

;DalGwt txdf -ufpF, lhNnf, If]q, s]Gb|_ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;+nUgtfnfO{{ ;'lglZrt u/L

;xeflutfTds k4ltnfO{{ a9fjf lbOg]5 . dlxnf, blnt Pj+ lk5l8Psf] ju{ ;DaGwL ;"rgf

tyf tYofÍx¿nfO{{ klg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf NofOg] 5 .

v= s[lif ;Da4 lgsfox¿aLr ;xeflutfTds Pj+ ;dGjofTds ?kdf of]hgf th'{df, sfo{qmd

sfo{fGjog tyf cg'udg u/fO{ of] gLlt sfof{Gjog u/fpg /fli6«o:t/df /fli6«o s[lif ljsf;

;ldlt /xg] 5 . /fli6«o s[lif ljsf; ;ldltnfO{{ ;3fpg s]Gb|df s]Gb|Lo s[lif ljsf; sfof{Gjog

;ldlt / If]qLo:t/df If]qLo s[lif ljsf; ;ldlt /xg] 5g\ . :yfgLo txdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt

/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx¿nfO{{ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g cg'?k of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog,

cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgdf lhDd]jf/ agfOg] 5 . lhNnf txdf lhNnf s[lif ljsf; ;ldlt / ufpF

ljsf; ;ldlt txdf s[lif ;ldlt /xg]5g\ . logn] :yfgLo lgsfox¿nfO{{ of] gLltsf]

sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug{df ;3fpg] 5g\ . /fli6«o s[lif ljsf; ;ldlt / :yfgLo

lgsfox¿nfO{{ /fli6«o s[lif ;|f]ts]Gb|x¿n] k|fljlws k[i7kf]if0fsf] ;'lglZrttf lbg] 5g\ .

u= o; /fli6«o gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ;Da4 dGqfnox¿n] cf–cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qdf k/]sf

ljifox?sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ 5g\ . o; /fli6«o s[lif gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg /fli6«o s[lif

ljsf; ;ldltn] ug]{5 . o; gLltsf] sfof{Gjog /0fgLltx? / sfo{qmdx¿ tyf lhDd]jf/

lgsfox¿ ;DaGwL ljifodf ;DalGwt dGqfnox?n] :jLs[lt u/fO{ nfu" ug]{5g\ . ;fy}, j:t'ut

tyf ljifout gLltx¿ lgdf{0f ubf{ o; /fli6«o gLlt;Fu gaflemg] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 .

v08 -s_


- 9 _

v08 -s_


ljifo k|j]z

s[lif k|;f/ s[lif ljsf;sf] Ps ljwf xf] h;n] s[ifsnfO{{ gofF gofF k|ljlwx¿ ckgfpg

k|f]T;fxg u/L kmfO{bf lng ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . s[lif k|;f/n] cfjZos ;]jf ;fdu|Lsf] ;b'kof]u u/fpg

l;sfpg] dfq x}g, s[ifssf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ;d]t vf]hL s[ifs sxfF k'¥ofpF5 .

s[ifsnfO{{ jf:tljs cy{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg lkmN8df sfdug{] k|fljlwsx¿n] ljz]if lsl;dsf]

Jojxf/ ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . pgLx¿ cToGt kf/bzL{, OdfGbf/ / sd{7 aGg'kg]{ s'/fsf] ;fy} s[ifs;Fusf]

cfr/0fdf klg Wofg lbg'kg{] x'G5 . s[ifssf] kIfdf cfkm"nfO{{ k|:t't ug{ ;s] dfq s[ifs ljZj:t

x'G5g\ / gofF k|ljlw :jLsfb{5g\ .

ljleGg k|;f/lj1x¿n] s[lif k|;f/sf] kl/efiff Pj+ sfo{x¿ cfˆg} 9+uaf6 k|:t't u/]sf]

kfOG5, tfklg xfd|f] kl/j]zdf k|;f/n] d'Votof b]xfo cg';f/ # j6f sfo{x¿ cFufn]sf] x'G5

!= z}lIfs kIf o;n] ;"rgf k|jfx u/L hfgsf/L lbg], 7Ls j]7Ls 5'6\ofpg ;Sg] ;Lk k|bfg ug]{ /

;Ifd t'Nofpg] ub{5 .

@= cjnDag kIf o;n] gofF k|ljlw sfo{ Jojxf/df ckgfpg k|f]T;flxt ub{5 .

#= ;dfwfg kIf o;n] s[ifsx¿sf] ;d:of;Fu kl/lrt /xL ljleGg lgsfo jf JolQmsf] ;dGjodf

;dfwfg vf]hL s[ifssxfF k'¥ofpFb5 .

xfd|f] ljBdfg s[lif ;+/rgf cg';f/ s[lif If]qdf cg';Gwfg / k|;f/ u/L @ j6f j[xt\ ;Defu

(Component) nfO{{ lng] ul/G5 . o; cy{df s[lif ljefuaf6 ;+kfbg x'g] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x¿n] s[lif

k|;f/nfO{{ g} OlËt ub{5g\ . cg';Gwfgaf6 ljsl;t h'g;'s} k|ljlw klg s[ifs ;dIf k'¥ofpg] dfWod

lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no g} xf] hxf+ ;a} ;]jfx¿ / Commodoties sf] k|ltlglwTj ljifo ljz]if1n]

u/]sf] x'G5 . o;/L j[xb bfo/f lnPsf] s[lif k|;f/nfO{{ ;Lldt If]q leq Nofpg ;fGble{s gePtfklg

s[lif k|;f/ lgb]{zgfnon] s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox¿nfO{{ c? k|i6 / sfof{Gjog of]Uo (Workable)

t'Nofpg] lx;fadf dfly pNn]lvt # j6f kIfnfO{{ ;d]6L vf; u/]/ lkmN8df ul/g] sfo{x¿sf]

sfof{Gjog k|lqmof / ah]6 vr{ k|lqmofdf Ps ?ktf cfcf];\, sfo{qmdx¿ ;'Jojl:yt Pj+

s[ifsf]kof]uL ag"g\ / j]?h'sf] ;d:of klg g/xf];\ eGg] b[li6sf]0faf6 s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] / ;dofg';f/ o:df kl/dfh{g u/L gljs/0f ug]{ sfo{ klg e} /x]s} 5 .

ljutdf /sddf cfwfl/t gd{\;nfO{ qmdzM kl/df0fdf cfwfl/t agfpg nfluPsf] 5 .

hxfF;Dd lgb]{lzsfsf] ljifo j:t'5 o;df # v08x¿ sfod ul/Psf 5g\ v08 -s_, v08

-v_ / v08 -u_ . v08 -s_ df s[lif ljsf;sf sfo{snfkx¿ k|fljlws ?kn] s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{

eGg] ljifodf n]lvPsf] 5 eg] v08 -v_ n] s'g sfo{df slt ah]6 l;lnË 5 / s] s:tf] lx;fadf

vr{ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f b]vfpF5 . v08 -u_ n] ljleGg ljifodf tof/ ePsf s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt

lgb]{lzsfx¿nfO{{ hgfpFb5 .

- 10 _

!= s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmd

ljBdfg k4ltdf d'Votof s[ifsx¿nfO{{ ;d"xdf ;+ul7t x'g ;xof]u k'¥ofOG5 / pgLx¿sf]

;d"xnfO{{ g} s[lif k|;f/sf] ;'lgof]lht Pj+ ;zQm dfWodsf] ?kdf pkof]u ul/G5 . ;d"x ;DaGwL

cjwf/0ffx¿ leGgf leGg} x'g ;Sg] ePtfklg logLx¿nfO{{ ;fdfGotof s'g} vf; p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf]

nflu s[lif ljsf; ;]jf Pj+ k|ljlw k|jfx ug]{ Pp6f dfWodsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 eg] s[ifsx¿n] klg

;dGjofTds tyf ;xeflutfsf] cfwf/df k|fljlws Pj+ cGo ;'ljwfx¿ k|fKt ug]{ ;fwgsf] ?kdf

lnPsf 5g\ . ;d"x dfk{mt p7fO{Psf] cfjfhnfO{{ ;/sf/L lgsfo Pj+ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 a9L

dfGotf kfpg] u/]sf] 5 . ctM s[ifs ;d"x ;Ifd / k|efjzLn aGg cfjZos 5 . k|efjzLn s[ifs

;d"xdf lgDg ljz]iftf ;lxt sfo{ ug]{ Ifdtf /x]sf] b]lvG5

lglb{i6 p2]Zo, ;dfg rfxgf, ;d:of klxrfg ug{ / ;dfwfgsf] nflu lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf .

;a} ;b:ox¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf / ef}lts b"/L Pstf tyf cGo ;dfgtf .

alnof] / ultzLn g]t[Tj .

lgoldt Pj+ sfo{d"ns j}7sx¿ .

of]hgfj4 tj/n] sfd ug]{ kl/kf6L / cfo cfh{gdf a[l4 .

cfGtl/s >f]t ;fwgx¿sf] pkof]udf hf]8 .

jfXo >f]t ;fwgx¿ pknAw u/fpg s[ofzLn .

!=! s[ifs ;d"x !=!=! s[ifs ;d"x u7g÷k'gu{7g

ufpFsf s[ifsx¿nfO{{ gofF ;d"xdf ;+ul7t x'gsf] lgldQ s[lif k|;f/ sfo{stf{x¿n] nlIft ufpFsf] ljleGg 7fpFdf s[ifs e]nf u/L ;d"xsf] pkof]lutfaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg'kb{5 .

gofF ;d"x u7g ug{'kbf{ :yfgLo hg;d'bfox¿sf] e]nf u/L ;d"xdf cfj4 x'g cfu|x ug]{ / :j:km"t{ ?kdf u7g eO{ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;Dks{ /fVg cfpg] ;d"xx¿nfO{{ ;d]t ;d]6L k|fljlws

;xof]u k'¥ofpg'kb{5 .

s'g} :yfg ljz]ifdf klxn] b]lv /lx/x]sf s[ifs ;d"xx¿ 5g\ eg] ltgsf] klxrfg u/L k'g{u7g ug{'kb{5 .

z'?df k|fljlwsx¿af6 ;xof]u / /fo ;Nnfxsf ;fy s[ifs ;d"x u7g ubf{ clt cfjZos /lhi68{, skL, snd, kmfOn, sfuh h:tf ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw u/fpg' k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

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;lxt btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg ug{ pTk|]l/t ug{'kb{5 .

- 11 _

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u/]sf 5f}+ .

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g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno s[lif ljefu s[lif k|;f ...vdd.gov.np/public/kcfinder/upload/files/Norms_Whole_2068.pdf · b'O{ zAb s[lif ljefusf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} s[lif k|;f/n]