g]kfndf hftLo e]befj - Dalit NGO Federationdnfnepal.org/publication_files/t25unycbNepalma Jatiya Bhedbhau.pdf · s[t1tf;j{k|yd, g]kfnsf ljleGg e"efudf 5l/P/ /x]sf blnt pQ/bftfx¿n]

$Page 1: g]kfndf hftLo e]befj - Dalit NGO Federationdnfnepal.org/publication_files/t25unycbNepalma Jatiya Bhedbhau.pdf · s[t1tf;j{k|yd, g]kfnsf ljleGg e"efudf 5l/P/ /x]sf blnt pQ/bftfx¿n]$
g]kfndf hftLo e]befj

8f= s[i0f e§rgt]h ;'gf/

ozf] sflGt e§rg -uf}rg_

blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 (DNF), sf7df8f}+g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 (NNDSWO), sf7df8f}+

ef/tLo blnt cWoog ;+:yfg (IIDS), lbNnLOG6/g];gn blnt ;f]ln8\ofl/6L g]6js{ (IDSN), sf]kgx]ug

k|sfzs Mblnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 (DNF), g]kfng]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 (NNDSWO), sf7df8f}+ef/tLo blnt cWoog ;+:yfg (IIDS), lbNnLOG6/g];gn blnt ;f]ln8\ofl/6L g]6js{ (IDSN), sf]kgx]ug

cflZjg, @)^%, -cS6f]a/ @))*_

© n]vsx¿ / blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 (DNF) / g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 (NNDSWO)

ISBN: 978–99946-690-4-2

of] k':tssf] k|sfzg OG6/g];gn blnt ;f]ln8\ofl/6L g]6js{ (IDSN), sf]kgx]ugsf] ;xof]udf ef/tLo blnt cWoog ;+:yfg (IIDS), lbNnLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] blIf0f PzLofdf hftLo lje]b ;DaGwL cWoog cGtu{t blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 (DNF), g]kfn / g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 (NNDSWO), sf7df8f}+ ;+usf] ;Da4tfdf ePsf] xf] . of] k':tsdf JoQm ljrf/, ljZn]if0f / lgisif{ n]vsx?sf x'g\ / To;df pQm ;+:yfx?sf] ;xdtL x'g} k5{ eGg] 5}g .

cfj/0f k[i7sf] kmf]6f] M dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] l;d/bxL uf=lj=;=sf d';x/x?kmf]6f] ;f}hGo M 8f= s[i0f e§rg;Hhf M z]if/fh uf}tdd'b|s M cGgk"0f{ ckm;]6 k|];, nflhDkf6, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g M $$!@((^

cWoog 6f]nL

6f]nL k|d'v – 8f= s[i0f e§rg, ;dfhzf:qL

6f]nL ;b:o – t]h ;'gf/, blnt ;jfnlj1

6f]nL ;b:o – ozf]sflGt e§rg -uf}rg_, n}ª\luslj1

lkmN8 l/;r{ Pzf]l;P6 tyf

tYofª\s Joj:yfks÷k|zf]ws – Zofd k'sf]{6LZofd k'sf]{6L

:yfgLo :ynut cWoog ;xfosx? != v8\uaxfb'/ ufos, sf:sL

@= h'gf ufos, sf:sL #= gGb g]kfnL, sf:sL $= ?b| g]kfnL, sf:sL %= /fh]Gb| h}?, 88]nw'/f ^= gj/fh e08f/L, 88]nw'/f &= bLkf l;gfn, 88]nw'/f *= ;'Gb/ h}?, 88]nw'/f (= sdn g]kfnL, afFs] !)= /]vf g]kfnL, afFs] !!= bfgaxfb'/ ;'gf/, afFs] !@= gL? lj=s=, afFs] !#= /fddgf]x/ vl6s, afFs] !$= ljqmd kf;jfg, dxf]Q/L !%= ;'gLtf zfx, dxf]Q/L !^= lah{nfn kf;jfg, k;f{ !&= dgLiff bg'jf/, k;f{ !*= O;/rg vTj], df]/ª / ;'g;/L !(= s[i0fs'df/L nfdufb], df]/ª / ;'g;/L @)= lznf uhd]/, ;'g;/L @!= b]j]Gb| 3tfgL, df]/ª @@= ;~h's'df/L ;/al/of, df]/ª

s[t1tf

;j{k|yd, g]kfnsf ljleGg e"efudf 5l/P/ /x]sf blnt pQ/bftfx¿n] hftLo e]befj af/]sf o; cWoogsf nflu cfkm\gf] cg'ej xfdL;F+u afF8r'8 ug'{ePsf]df cfef/ JoQm ub{5f}+ . kxf8 / t/fO{sf ufpF / ;x/x¿df Ps dlxgfsf] :ynut cWoog ubf{ blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 / g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3sf If]qLo tyf lhNnf:t/Lo sd{rf/Lx¿n] cWoog 6f]nLnfO{ lbg'ePsf] ;xof]usf nflu xflb{s wGojfb 5 . xfdLnfO{ blnt;DaGwL cWoog ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw u/fpg' ePsf ;a} JolQm / ;+:yfx¿nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ .

o; cWoognfO{ ;dod} k"/f ug]{ cj;/ lbPsf]df ef/tLo blnt cWoog ;+:yfg, lbNnL / OG6/g];gn blnt ;f]ln8\ofl/6L g]6js{, sf]kgx]ugk|lt xfdL s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5f}+ . of] cWoogsf] ;'?b]]lv cGt;Dd xfdLnfO{ cd"No ;/;Nnfx / ;'emfa lbP/ ;3fpg' ePsf k|f= 3gZofd zfx, k|f= ;'vb]j yf]/f6, dfl6{g Dofsjfg / l/sL gf]x/ln08k|lt xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ cfjZos k/]sf a]nf ;3fpg'ePsf 8f= cgGt kGt / 8f= lrQ/~hg ;]gfkltnfO{ d'/Ld'/L wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ .

;Da4tf :jLsf/ u/]sf]df g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 / blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3, g]kfn b'j} ;+:yfnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb 5 . cfj4 ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 xfdLnfO{ laz]if ;xof]u u/L ;dod} sfd ;Sg ;3fpg'ePsf]df g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3sf /fli6«o cWoIf eQm ljZjsdf{, blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs tLy{ ljZjjdf{ / g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3sf sfo{s|d lgb]{zs e/t g]kfnLnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ .

d:of}bf k|ltj]bgsf af/]df dxTjk"0f{ l6Kk0fL u/L ;'emfa lbg'x'g] sf7df8f}+df ePsf] /fli6«o k/fdz{ uf]i7L / blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qsf] If]qLo uf]i7Lsf ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5f}+ .

v; g]kfnL efiffsf] z'4fz'4L x]/L ;xof]u ug'{x'g] ef]uL/fh rflDnªnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ .

cGtdf, xfdLnfO{ k|ToIf–ck|ToIf ¿kdf ;xof]u ug'{ePsf ;a} dxfg'efj / ;+3–;+:yfx¿nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ .

n]vsx¿

k|sfzsLo

hg;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{ lx:;f cf]u6]sf] blnt ;d'bfosf] xsclwsf/ :yfkgfsf] nflu blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 ljut !$ jif{ b]lv lg/Gt/ nflu/x]sf] 5 . blnt ;d'bfosf JolQmx?åf/f :yfkgf u/L blnt ;d'bfosf] lxtsf nflu sfo{/t blnt ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g o; dxf;+3n] ;b:o ;+:yx?sf]] Ifdtf a[l4 / kl/rfng ub}{ blnt ;d[bfosf] d'Vo d'2fx?nfO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/af6 p7fg ug]{ sfddf cu|ufdL e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5 . blntsf d'Vo Ph]08f klxrfg u/L tL Ph]08fnfO{ /fi6«sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd leq ;dfj]z ug{ xf];\ jf blnt ;d'bfosf Ph]08fnfO{ cGt/f{li6«os/0f ul/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3,o"/f]lkog o"lgog nufot cGt/fli6«o lgsfox?sf ;dy{g h'6fpg], h:tf sfo{df o; dxf;+3n] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf v]Nb} cfO{/x]sf] 5 . & j6f blnt ;+:yfaf6 ;'?jft ePsf] o; dxf;+3df xfn @)^% ;fn;Dd cfO{k'Ubf sl/a #)) blnt ;+3 ;+:yfx? cfa4 eO{;s]sf 5g\ . o;n] b]zsf cGo gful/s ;dfhx?;“u klg ;jfnut ;xsfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 eg] u/L cGt/f{li6«o blnt P]Soa4tf ;+hfn (IDSN), hfltjfb tyf lje]b lj?4 cGt/f{li6«o cfGbf]ng (IMADR), hfkfg dfgj ljsf; ;+u7g >Ln+sf, blnt dfgj clwsf/sf nflu /fli6«o cleofg, ef/t blnt P]Soa4tf ;+hfnM a]nfot, hd{gL, k|mfG;, g]b/Nof08, a]lNhod, cflb;+u ;DaGw tyf ;Dks{ :yflkt ub}{cfO{/x]sf] 5 .

g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 lj ;+= @)#( ;fndf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}df btf{ eO{ ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifbdf cfa4 ;d]t ePsf] blnt ;d'bfosf] cfwf/e"t dfgjclwsf/, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;du| ljsf;sf nflu c9fO{ bzsb]lv lqmoflzn /fli6«o ;+:yf xf] . xfn ^* lhNnfx?df cfkm\gf zfvfx? lj:tf/ ul/ blnt clwsf/ :yfkgfsf nflu ;fdflhs ;r]tgf, lzIff, dfgjclwsf/, Ifdtf ljsf;, cfly{s ;zlQms/0f / hLjg:t/ clej[l4sf] nflu ljleGg lhNnfx?df sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{amdsf] cnfjf cWoog cg';Gwfg, cfd ;+rf/ cleofg / k|sfzg sfo{nfO{ klg k|fyldstfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fO{ /x]sf] 5 .

xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf lagf s'g} a}1flgs cfwf/ blntx?nfO{ ;dfhsf] ;a} eGbf tNnf] x}l;ot ePsf dflg;x?sf ?kdf /fvL lje]b ul/G5 h;nfO{ hlt lgGbf u/]klg sd x'G5 . o:tf cGofo cTofrf/, o;n] blnt ;d'bfodf kf/]sf] k|efj / blnt ;d'bfosf] ;du| ;fdflhs–cfly{s cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f x'g] u/L yf]/} dfq cWoog ePsf] kfO{G5 . cem cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf cWoogx? t z'Go g} eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf .

olx cefj / l/QmtfnfO{ kl/k'lt{ u/L tYodf cfwfl/t /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o txdf jsfnt ug{ g]kfnsf cfd blnt ;d'bfosf] ;du| cj:yfsf] af/]df g]kfn k|ltj]bg æg]kfndf hflto e]bejÆ zLif{sdf cWoog ul/Psf] o; æblIf0f PzLofdf hftLo lje]b ;DaGwL cWoogÆ sf] cWoogdf ;xof]uL Pj++ k|sfzssf] ?kdf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf]df OG6/g];gn blnt ;f]ln8\ofl/6L g]6js{ (IDSN), sf]kgx]ug / ef/tLo blnt cWoog ;+:yfg (IIDS), lbNnL k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxfG5f}+ . o; cWoognfO{ ;kmntfsf;fy ;DkGg ug{' x'g] al/i7 ;dfhzf:qL Pa+ cWoog 6f]nL k|d'v 8f= s[i0f e§rg, blnt cWo]tf tyf 6f]nL ;b:o t]h ;'gf/, n}ª\lus lj1 Pj+ 6f]nL ;b:o ozf] sflGt e§rg -uf}rg_ / lkmN8 l/;r{ Pzf]l;o6 tyf tYofª\s Joj:yfks÷k|zf]ws Zofd k'sf]{6LnfO{ d'l/d'/L wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ . o; cWoogn] blntsf] pTyfg / ljsf;sf] If]qdf sfo{ ug{ rfxg] jf ul//x]sf ;/sf/L tyf u}x| ;/sf/L lgsfodf lqmoflzn gLlt lgdf{tf, lg0f{ostf{, sfo{Gaog / cg'udgstf{nfO{ ljz]if nfebfos x'g]5 eg] zf]wstf{ ljåfg a'l4hLjLnfO{ ;|f]t k':tssf] ?kdf pkof]uL x'g] lj:jf; lnPsf 5f}+ .

6]s jxfb'/ /}sf sf= af= cWoIf

blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3, ;fg]kf

eQm ljZjsdf{/fli6«o cWoIf

g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3

ljifo;"rL k[i7cWoog 6f]nL s[t1tfk|sfzsLo tflnsfx?sf] ;"rL gS;f / 36\gf ljj/0f k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/;+If]k cWofo – ! kl/ro cWofo– @ hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cWofo – # ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts If]qdf hftLo 5'jf5"t tyf lje]bsf] k|s[lt / km}nfj6cWofo – $/fHo, hft / dfgjclwsf/ cWofo – % cGo hfthfltsf t'ngfdf blntx¿sf] cfly{s–;fdflhs cj:yfcWofo – ^ /fhgLlts If]qdf lje]b cWofo – & lzIffdf lje]bcWofo – * afWofTds >d / blnt dlxnflj?4 x'g] ax'n lje]b cWofo – ( lgisif{ kl/lzi6–s M tflnsfx¿ ;Gbe{u|Gy;"rL M v; g]kfnL efiff;Gbe{u|Gy;"rL M c+u|]hL efiff

tflnsfx?sf] ;"rL k[i7tflnsf !=! kxf8L / dw];L blnt ax'n lhNnfx? / :ynut cWoogsf nflu gd'gf 5gf}6df k/]sf lhNnf, ufp+ ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx? #tflnsf @=!= blntsf] hft, pkhft, y/ / k]zfx¿ !#tflnsf @=@= hfthflt / n}ª\lus hg;ª\Vof !&

tflnsf @=# wd{sf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof @)tflnsf @=$ lhNnfx¿df blnt hg;ª\Vofsf] ;3gtf @!tflnsf #=! wfld{s / ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts If]qx¿df ljBdfg hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] ;3gtf @$tflnsf #=@ ;fj{hlgs wf/f / kfgLkFw]/fx¿df kfgL 5'g glbg] Jojxf/ ef]Ug afWo blntx¿sf] ;ª\Vof @%

tflnsf #=# :jf:Yo ;]jfdf 5'jf5"t ef]Ug afWo blntx¿sf] ;ª\Vof @^tflnsf #=$ cfly{s sfdx¿ / ;fj{hlgs ;DklQx¿df blntx¿lj?4 x'g] hftLo 5'jf5"t @&tflnsf #=% a:tL jf ;d'bfox¿df hftLo 5'jf5"t ef]Ug] blnt hftx¿ @&tflnsf #=^ :Jff:Yodf 5'jf5"t ef]Ug afWo blntx¿sf hftx¿ @*tflnsf #=& cGt/hftLo ljjfx x'Fbf lje]bdf kg]{ blnt hftx¿ @(tflnsf #=* ljleGg ;d'x¿sf hftLo lje]bsf] ;3gtf af/]sf wf/0ff #)tflnsf $=! ;g\ @))^ sf] ljwflosf–;+;b\df lnª\u, hfthflt / If]qut ;d'xsf] k|ltlglwTj #*

tflnsf $=@ ljwflosf–;+;b\df kxf8L / dw];L blntsf] cg'kft #*tflnsf $=# ljwflosf–;+;b\df blnt dlxnf / k'?ifsf] k|ltlglwTj #(tflnsf $=$ ljwflosf–;+;b\df n}lª\us / If]qut cwf/df k|ltlglwTj -;g\ !(%) b]lv @))) ;Dd_ #(tflnsf $=% ljwflosf–;+;b\df blntsf] k|ltlglwTjsf] k|ltzt #(tflnsf $=^ blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3n] ;g\ @))$ b]lv @))^ sf] cjlwdf bfo/ u/]sf d'2fsf] ;ª\Vof / k|sf/ $)bfo/ u/]sf d'2fsf] ;ª\Vof / k|sf/ $)tflnsf $=& blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3n] bfo/ u/]sf] hftLo

lje]b;DaGwL d'2fdf ePsf] lg0f{o $!tflnsf $=* ljsf; If]q / pNnª\3gstf{cg';f/ blntclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿ $@tflnsf $=( hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] 36gfsf] k|sf/ tyf ;ª\Vof / o;af6 kLl8t dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] ;ª\Vof $#tflnsf %=! hfthfltsf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rfª\s %^tflnsf %=@ ul/aLsf] ;3gtf, !((^ %&tflnsf %=# ;fdfGo k|lt JolQm cfo / ul/aLsf] cg'kft %*tflnsf %=$ hfthflt / ef}uf]lns If]qsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] v]t / kfvf ^)tflnsf %=% blntsf] e"lddf kxF'r ^)tflnsf %=^ 5gf}6 ul/Psf lhNnfx¿df e"lddf :jfldTj ePsf blnt 3/kl/jf/sf] k|ltzt ljt/0f ^!tflnsf %=& blnt 3/kl/jf/sf] e"lddf :jfldTjsf sf/0fx¿sf] k|ltzt ljt/0f ^! tflnsf %=* vfBfGg ;d:of gePsf 3/kl/jf/sf] hfltut k|ltzt ljt/0f ^@tflnsf %=( Hofnfaf6 cfocfh{g ug]{ hfthfltsf] 3/kl/jf/sf] k|ltzt ^#tflnsf %=!) hfthflt / ef}uf]lns If]qsf cfwf/df Hofnfaf6 3/kl/jf/sf] cf};t jflif{s cfDbfgL ^#tflnsf %=!! Hofnfbf/L sfddf blntlj?4 x'g] lje]b ^$tflnsf %=!@ u}/blntåf/f blntlj?4 tyf blntåf/f blntlj?4 x'g] lje]bsf] ;3gtfcg';f/ blntsf] ;ª\Vof ^$tflnsf %=!# n}ª\lus / hftLo cfwf/df >dljefhgdf vr{ ug]{ ;do ^^tflnsf %=!$ tLgj6f s'/fdf slyt tNnf] hftsf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] sfdsf] t'ngf ^^tflnsf %=!% Hofnfbf/Ldf egf{ ul/Psf s[lifdhb'/x¿sf ljz]iftfx¿ ^^tflnsf ^=! k|ltlglw ;efdf blntsf] pDd]bjf/L / k|ltlglwTj ^(tflnsf ^=@ ljleGg ;dodf ePsf cfdlgjf{rgx¿df hfthfltsf cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ^(

tflnsf ^=# dlGqkl/ifb\df ;g\ !(%! b]lv @))% ;Dddf ljleGg hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj &)tflnsf ^=$ ;g\ !((( df j}1flgs / k]zfut ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hftLo k|ltlglwTj &)tflnsf ^=% ;g\ !((( df gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hftLo k|ltlglwTj &!tflnsf ^=^ ;g\ !((( df gful/s ;dfhsf ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj &!tflnsf ^=& ;g\ !((( df ljeGg kl/ifb\\x¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj &!tflnsf ^=* ;g\ !((( df cf}Bf]lus / Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj &@tflnsf ^=( ;g\ !((( df k|zf;lgs lgsfox¿sf] pRr g]t[Tj txdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj &@tflnsf ^=!) ;g\ !((( df hfltut cfwf/df PsLs[t /fli6«o zf;g ;"rfª\s &@tflnsf ^=!! /fhgLlts bnsf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltx¿df hftLo k|ltlglwTj &#tflnsf ^=!@ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] lhNnf ;ldltdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj &$tflnsf ^=!# /fhgLlts bnsf] uf=lj=;= txsf] ;ldltdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj &$tflnsf ^=!$ g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ sf] j8f txsf] ;ldltdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj &$tflnsf ^=!% b'O{ k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿sf uf=lj=;= txsf eft[ jf elugL ;+3;+:yfx¿df hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj &%tflnsf ^=!^ :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg / blntsf] k|ltlglwTj &(tflnsf ^=!& ;g\ !((( df ljb]zL bft[ ;+:yfx¿df hftLo k|ltlglwTj *)tflnsf ^=!* /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]udf /fhfsf] zf;g / nf]stflGqs zf;gsfndf hftLo cfwf/df k|ltlglwTjsf] cj:yf *)

tflnsf ^=!( ;fd'bflos g]t[Tjdf blntlj?4 lje]b *!tflnsf ^=@) lgjf{rgsf a]nf blntlj?4 lje]b *#tflnsf ^=@! dtbfgsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ blntlj?4 ul/g] lje]b *#tflnsf &=! hfthfltsf] ;fIf/tf b/ / lzIff *^tflnsf &=@ blntsf] hfthflt / n}ª\lus z}lIfs k|ltzt *&tflnsf &=# ;g\ @))$ df blnt tyf hghfltsf] hg;ª\Vof / egf{ **tflnsf &=$ ;g\ @))$ df n}ª\lus, hghflt / blntsf] s'n egf{ b/ *(tflnsf &=% ;g\ @))$ df blnt / hghfltsf] egf{ k|ltzt *(tflnsf &=^ blnt / hghflt ljBfyL{x¿sf] egf{sf] t'ngf ()tflnsf &=& k|fylds / dfWolds ljBfnox¿df egf{sf] km/s k|ltztdf (!tflnsf &=* ;fd'bflos ljBfnoglhs a;f]af; u/]sf blntx¿sf] cfly{s cj:yf (@tflnsf &=( ;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf ljBfnodf blntx¿sf] egf{ k|ltzt (@tflnsf &=!) blnt ljBfyL{lj?4 u}/blnt ljBfyL{n] ug]{ 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/ (%tflnsf &=!! blnt ljBfyL{lj?4 hftLo lje]b (%tflnsf &=!@ ;g\ !((( df lzIfs ;ª\u7gx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj (^tflnsf &=!# u}/blnt lzIfsn] blnt ljBfyL{x¿lj?4 ug]{ hftLo lje]b (*tflnsf &=!$ ljBfnodf blnt la?4sf lje]b ((tflnsf &=!% k|fl1s, ;flxlTos / snfsd{;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj !)#tflnsf *=! blnt dxlnflj?4 x'g] ax'n lje]b !)^tflnsf *=@ ef/tdf of}gsdL{sf] k]zfdf a]lrPsf r]nLx¿sf] k|ltzt !)*kl/lzi6–s, tflnsf !, hfthflt / n}lª\us hg;ª\Vof -;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgf_ !!%kl/lzi6–s, tflnsf @, lhNnfdf blntsf] hg;ª\Vof ljt/0f !!*kl/lzi6–s, tflnsf #, c7f/ -!*_ j6f hftsf blntx¿n] ef]u]sf hftLo 5'jf5"t !@)kl/lzi6 v, tflnsf–$ c7f/ -!*_ j6f hftsf blntx¿n] ef]lu/x]sf] hftLo lje]b !@%

gS;f / 36gf ljj/0f

gS;f != blntsf] hg;+Vofsf] k|ltzt !(

36gf &=! ljBfno 5f8]sf] ()

36gf &=@ lzIfsn] lje]b u/]sf] sf/0fn] ljBfno 5f8]sf (!

36gf &=# 8]/faf6 lgsfnf (#

36gf &=$ lzIffaf6 jl~rt d';x/ afnaflnsf (#

36gf &=% ;/sf/af6 ;xof]usf] cefj ($

36gf &=^ blnt ljBfyL{lj?4 k|ltaGw (&

36gf &=& ljBfnodf lje]b lsg < (&

36gf &=* blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ /f]s (&

36gf &=( blnt 5fqj[lQdf e|i6frf/ (*

g]kfndf hflto e]befj �

k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/;+If]kef/tLo blnt cWoog ;+:yfg, lbNnLsf] kxndf OG6/g];gn blnt ;f]ln8\

ofl/6L g]6js{, sf]kgx]ugsf] ;xof]udf blIf0f Pl;ofdf hftLo e]befj gfds cWoog aª\unfb]z, kfls:tfg, >Lnª\sf, ef/t / g]kfndf ePsf] xf] . g]kfndf hftLo e]befjsf] cWoog6f]nLn] g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3, g]kfn / blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3, g]kfn;Fu cfa4 eP/ u/]sf] xf] . of] cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g]kfndf blntsf lj?4 x'g] u/]sf] ljBdfg hftLo e]befjsf af/]df k|sflzt / ck|sflzt ;|f]tx¿sf] k|of]u u/L cWoog ug]{ / blntlj?4 xfn eO/x]sf hftLo e]befjsf] :ynut cWoog u/L clen]vg ug]{ xf] . o;sf] ljz]if p2]Zo g]kfndf blntx¿sf] l:ylt / cj:yfsf af/]df k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ / hftLo e]befj Jojxf/df s] slt 5g\, To;sf k|df0fx¿ klg ;ª\sng ug]{ xf] . of] cWoog c¿n] ul/;s]sf w]/}h;f] k|sflzt jf ck|sflzt s[ltx¿df cfwfl/t 5 eg] :ynut cWoog u/]/ s]xL tYotYofª\sx¿ yk ul/Psf] 5 . :ynut cWoog cf7 lhNnfx¿df ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . :ynut cWoog ubf{ nlIft ;d'xut 5nkmn, cjnf]sg, d'Vo pQ/bftf;Fu cGtjf{tf{, / 36gf cWoog -s]; :68L_ k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . d:of}bf k|ltj]bgnfO{ sf7df8f}+df ePsf] /fli6«o k/fdz{ uf]i7Ldf ePsf] 5nkmndf ;xefuLx¿n] lbPsf ;'emfacg';f/ kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] lyof] . kl/dflh{t d:of}bfnfO{ sf7df8f}+df ePsf] blIf0f Pl;ofnL uf]i7Ldf k|:t't u/L ;xefuLx¿n] lbPsf ;'emfacg';f/ clGtd ¿k lbOPsf] xf] .

%'jf%"t / hftLo e]befj

g]kfndf ljBdfg hftkftsf] Joj:yf xhf/f}+ jif{cl3 ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf pTklQ ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] klxnf] d"n sfg'g lj=;+= !(!) sf] d'n'sL P]gn] ;a} g]kfnLx¿nfO{ rf/ hftdf afF8]sf] lyof], h'g o; k|sf/ lyof]– != tfufwf/L, @= dtjfnL, #= kfgL grNg], 5f]Ol56f] xfNg' gkg]{ / $= kfgL grNg], 5f]Ol56f] xfNg'kg]{ . lj=;+= @)@! df ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] gofF d'n'sL P]g hftLo 5'jf5"tsf af/]df df}g al;lbPsf]n] ljutsf hftLo 5'jf5"tn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] xf] .

blntsf ;DaGwdf cfklQhgs / x]kfxfnufotsf zAbx¿ k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf cg';f/ /fli6«o blnt cfof]u k|:tfljt ljw]os, @)%( sf] k[i7 @ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ æ…blnt ;d'bfoÆ eGgfn] hftLo e]befj / 5'jf5"tsf] df/df k/L ;fdflhs, cfly{s, z}lIfs / /fhgLlts Pj+ wfld{{s If]qdf ;dfhsf] ;a}eGbf k5fl8 kfl/Psf] / dfgjLo ;Ddfg Pj+ ;fdflhs Gofo kfpg g;s]sf] cg';"rL ! df pNn]lvt hft—;d'bfonfO{ hgfpg]5 .Æ æ…hftLo 5'jf5"tÆ eGgfn] g]kfnL ;dfhdf c5"t hft, 5f]Ol56f] xfNg'kg]{, 5'g gx'g] hft egL e]befj ug]{ ul/Psf] ;d'bfo jf gofF d'n'sL

g]kfndf hflto e]befj�

P]gdf c5"t hft egL ls6fg ul/Psf] ;d'bfonfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] e]befjk"0f{ b[li6n] ul/Psf] Jojxf/nfO{ hftLo 5'jf5"t hgfpg]5 .Æ blnt eg]sf] hftLo 5'jf5"tnufotsf e]befjx¿sf] ljz]iftfn] o'Qm cj:yf dfq xf] . To;}n] of] zAb hlxn];Dd hftLo e]befj /xG5 ta;Dd k|of]udf /xG5 . of] cj:yf x6\of] eg] of] zAbsf] k|of]u klg :jtM x6]/ hfg]5 .

/fli6«o blnt cfof]un] kxf8sf kfFr / dw];sf ;q blnt hftx¿sf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . blntsf hftx¿df ;a}eGbf sd y/x¿ sf]/L hftLo ;d'bfosf] / ;a}eGbf w]/} y/x¿ bdfO{ hftLo ;d'bfosf 5g\ . blnt / u}/blnt tyf blnt–blntaLr x'g] hftLo e]befjdWo] blntaLr x'g] e]befj a9L hl6n 5 . blnt–cfGbf]ngsdL{x¿ blntx¿sf] hg;+Vof g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vofsf] Psrf}yfO /x]sf] bfaL u5{g\ t/ ;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ blntx¿sf] hg;+Vof !$=( k|ltzt dfq 5 . Ps nfveGbf a9L hg;+Vof ePsf kfFr blnt hftLo ;d'bfox¿ kxf8sf sfdL / bdfO{ tyf t/fO{sf rdf/÷xl/hg÷/fd, d';x/, b';fw÷kf;jfg÷kf;L x'g\ . hgu0fgfcg';f/ sfdL g]kfnsf krxQ/} lhNnfdf a;f]af; ug]{ Ps dfq blnt hftLo ;d'bfo xf] . g]kfnsf] s'n lxGb" hg;+Vof !*#,#)!,@!@ dWo] blntsf] hg;+Vof @,&^(,%(^ 5 .

;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts If]qdf blntlj?$ x'g] %'jf%"t tyf lje]bsf k|s[lt / ;#gtf

PS;g P8, g]kfnn] :ynut Ps cWoogdf * gd'gf If]qx¿df @)% k|sf/sf hftLo lje]bx¿ klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . o;df %$ lgif]wdWo] !) k|j]z;DaGwL, !$ ;]jf;DaGwL, ^ ;|f]t / ;fwgx¿df kx'Frdf lgif]wnufot !) gftf;DaGw / !$ ;xeflutfdf lgif]w;DaGwL /x]sf 5g\ . o:t} u/]/ @)% lje]bdWo] ( afWofTds >d, @) k|e'Tj, # ;fdflhs jlxisf/ / !* wf/0ffut hftLo e]befj;DaGwL /x]sf 5g\ . @)% lje]bx¿dWo] *! ljleGg If]qdf x'g] lje]b /x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] !* k]zfut, !! z}lIfs, !) /fhgLlts clwsf/, !$ ;/sf/L gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, & ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L sfof{nox¿df, !# ljsf;] sfo{qmd tyf bft[ ;+:yfx¿ / * wfld{s–;f+:s[lts lqmofsnfkx¿;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf 5g\ .

hftLo 5'jf5"t tyf e]befj u}/blntn] blntsf lj?4 / slyt dflyNnf] hftsf blntn] slyt tNnf hftsf blntsf lj?4 k|of]u ub{5g\ . of] cWoogsf nflu ul/Psf] :ynut cWoogn] b]vfPsf] tYofª\scg';f/ wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts If]qdf vf; u/]/ blnt tyf u}/blnt / slyt dflyNnf] tyf tNnf] hftsf blntaLr x'g] j}jflxs ;DaGw, dlGb/ k|j]z, rf8kj{ / lax]df x'g] ef]het]/x¿df k|j]z jf ;xeflutfdf lgif]w;DaGwL e]befj tyf 5'jf5"t /x]sf 5g\ . cWoogn] ;d]6]sf !* dWo] !& blnt hftsf pQ/bftfx¿n] u}/blntn] wf/f, s'jf cflbaf6 e/]sf] kfgL blntn] 5f]Pdf 5f]OPsf] kfgL cem};Dd klg vGofpg] u/]sf] atfP . !* dWo] !$ blnt hftsf pQ/bftfx¿n] blnt;Fu x'g] cGt/hftLo ljjfx slyt dflyNnf hftsfn] :jLsf/ gug]{ / lax]sf] ef]het]/df blntx¿nfO{ 5'§} a:g


nufP/ ckdflgt ug]{ atfP . !* dWo] & hlt blnt hftsf pQ/bftfx¿n] dlGb/x¿df k|j]z glbg] jf k"hf ug{ / k|;fb r9fpg gkfpg]h:tf lje]bx¿ x'g] u/]sf] atfP . :jf:Yo If]qdf hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befj Go"gLs/0f ePsf] t/ lgld6\ofGg eg] eOg;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . !* blnt hftdWo] !! blnt hftsf pQ/bftfx¿n] b"w a]Rbf glslglbg] ;d:of /x]sf] atfP . !* dWo] & blnt hftsf pQ/bftfx¿n] slyt dflyNnf] hftsf blnt s]6fx¿n] slyt tNnf] hftsf blnt s]6LnfO{ ljjfx u/] s]6fsf] afa'cfdf / gft]bf/x¿n] x]Kg] u/]sf] atfP .

/fHo, hft / dfgjclwsf/

cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf blntsf s]xL ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 eg] w]/}h;f] ;jfnx¿nfO{ eg] ljutsf ;+ljwfgx¿df em}+ a]jf:tf ul/Psf] 5 . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ePsf s]xL ;sf/fTds k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ klg k|efjsf/L ¿kdf P]g–sfg'g tyf lgodx¿df ;d]6\g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnn] w]/}h;f] cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ b:tfj]hx¿nfO{ ;lDdng jf cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] eP klg To;sf] sfof{Gjog eg] cToGt lkmtnf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ng efu Psb]lv /fhfn] ;+;b\ lj36g u/L sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ cfˆgf] xftdf vf];]/ lnFbf ;Dd -;g\ !(() b]lv @))@ ;Dd_ cyf{t\ !@ jif{sf] bf}/fgdf ;+;b\df Pp6f klg blnt;DaGwL ljw]os btf{ / kfl/t ePg . ;/sf/ k6sk6s k]ml/P t/ blntlj?4 ePsf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf lj?4 7f]; kxnsbdL s;}n] u/]g . blntcfGbf]ngn] /fHosf ;a} txx¿df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] dfu /fv] klg ;+;b\df blntsf] k|ltlglwTj $=% k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] lyof] . %* j6f sfg'gx¿df 5'jf5"t / e]befjsf/L k|fjwfgx¿ /x]sf] tYo blntcWo]tfx¿sf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

blnt dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gn] k|x/L k|zf;gdf ;g\ @))% df lnPsf hftLo 5'jf5"t;DaGwL d'2fx¿sf] k|j[lQsf] cWoog ug{ gd'gf ;j]{If0f u/]sf] lyof] . pQm ;j{]If0fn] b]vfPcg';f/ $^ k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ hftLo 5'jf5"t;DaGwL sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L gePsf], $* k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] hftLo 5'jf5"tsf d'2fdf sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] k"jf{u|xsf] sf/0fn] a]jf:tf x'g] u/]sf], &$ k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ Gofo kfpg sxfF hfg] / s] ug]{ eGg] k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L gePsf], / $=# k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿ dfq k|x/L k|zf;gdf hfg] u/]sf] tYo kQf nufPsf] lyof] . k"j{L{ g]kfnsf PsltxfO / klZrd g]kfnsf !$=# k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] k|x/Laf6 klxnf] hfgsf/L k|ltj]bg k|fKt ug{ kxn u/]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

/fHo, ;/sf/, cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;+:yfx¿ / gful/s ;dfhn] u/]sf k|of;x¿ hftLo 5'jf5"tnufotsf hftLo e]befjx¿ cGTo ug{sf nflu ckof{Kt 5g\ . blnt ;+3;+:yfx¿n] blntx¿sf] dfgjclwsf/sf] ;'/Iff, ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug{ ;Sbf] k|of; u/]sf] kfOG5 .


blnt / cGo hfthfltsf] t'ngfTds cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yf

;a} tYo–tYofª\sx¿n] u}/blntsf t'ngfdf blntx¿sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yf cToGt lgDg :t/sf] /x]sf] b]vfpF5 . blnt k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf blnt dlxnfsf] / kxf8] blntsf] t'ngfdf dw];L blntsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj:yf emg\ v/fa b]lvG5 . blntx¿dWo] sfdL, bdfO{ / ;fsL{sf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj:yf /fd|f] b]lvG5 t/ ^% b]lv ^* k|ltzt sfdL, bdfO{ / ;fsL{x¿ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg hLjgofkg ub{5g\ . ;g\ @))#–)$ sf] g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0fcg';f/ ;a}eGbf a9L ul/aL b/ $(=@ k|ltzt dw];L blntx¿df 5 eg] o:tf] b/ kxf8L blntx¿sf] xsdf $$+=( k|ltzt 5 . blntx¿df lg/If/tf Jofks 5 / pRr lzIff s]xL ;Lldt blntx¿sf] kxF'+rdf 5 . e"ldxLgx¿dWo] blntx¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5 . dw];L blntx¿dWo] *% b]lv () k|ltzt e"ldxLg 5g\ . d';x/dWo]] hUufhldg x'g]sf] ;+Vof # b]lv % k|ltzt dfq 5 . $$=@ k|ltzt uGwj{, $!=@ k|ltzt b';fw / ##=# k|ltzt wf]jL e"ldxLg 5g\ . /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] ̂ lhNnfdf u/]sf] Ps ;j]{If0fcg';f/ &$=!$ k|ltzt blntsf 3/kl/jf/ e"ldxLg 5g\ . P]nfgL hUufdf a:g] blntx¿sf] ;+Vof s}nfnL lhNnfdf ;a}eGbf a9L %)=)# k|ltzt / dxf]Q/L lhNnfdf ;a}eGbf sd !(=#^ /x]sf] 5 . l;~rfO x'g] hUuf / kfvf] hUuf blnts} ;a}eGbf sd 5 h'g qmdzM @=)% / $=&^ k|ltzt 5 .

ax';+Vos blntx¿nfO{ vfBfGg cefj 5 . lxdfnL If]qdf *(=^^ k|ltzt, kxf8df %^=&# k|ltzt / t/fO{df %#=^! k|ltzt blntx¿df o:tf] ;d:of 5 . of] cWoogsf nflu ul/Psf] :ynut cWoogsf a]nf !* dWo] * blnt hfltsf pQ/bftfx¿n] u}/blntn] blnt sfdbf/nfO{ sd Hofnf lbP/ zf]if0f u/]sf] atfP . plQs} ;+Vofdf blnt dlxnfx¿n] s[lif If]qdf sfd ubf{ sd Hofnf kfpg] u/]sf] atfP . !* dWo] $ blnt hfltsf pQ/bftfx¿n] atfPcg';f/ u}/blntx¿n] blntnfO{ ux'|ª\uf] / kmf]xf]/L sfd ug{ nufpg] u/]sf] atfP . >dsf] ljefhgdf blnt dlxnfx¿lj?4 e]befj sfod 5 . blnt dlxnfx¿n] blnt k'?ifsf] bfFhf]df dfq geP/ u}/blnt dlxnfx¿sf] bfFhf]df klg v]ltkftL, 3/fo;L / k|hgg;DaGwL sfdx¿df ;do a9L vr{ ub{5g\ . blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ >d–ahf/df dfq geP/ pkef]Qmf ahf/nufot ;fd'lxs ;|f]t / ;fwgx¿sf] kx'Frdf ;d]t e]befj sfod 5 .

/fhgLlts If]qdf e]befj

k|ltlglw;efsf nflu ;g\ !(($ b]lv !((( ;Dd ePsf lgjf{rgx¿df ;g\ !((! df k|ltlglwTj ePsf] Pshgf blnt ;f+;bsf] ckjfbafx]s Pshgf klg blnt ;f+;bsf] k|ltlglwTj /x]g . Joj:yflksfdf Go"g /x]sf] blntsf] k|ltlglwTj sfo{kflnsfdf To;eGbf /fd|f] 5}g . j}1flgs / k]zfut ;+3–;+:yfx¿, gful/s ;dfh, dfgjclwsf/ ;+:yfx¿,


;~rf/, kl/ifb\, pBf]u–jfl0fHo;DaGwL ;+:yfx¿ / lhNnf k|zf;gdf blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj z"Go /x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx¿ / o;sf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltx¿df blntsf] pkl:ylt cb[Zo 5 .

PsLs[t zf;sLo ;"rfÍdf blntx¿ cb[Zo 5g\ . Gofo If]q, ;+j}wflgs lgsfox¿, dlGqkl/ifb\, ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g, ljwflosf–;+;b\, /fhgLlts bnx¿, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;efklt, gu/kflnsf, pBf]u–jfl0fHo, lzIff, ;+:s[lt, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw, gful/s ;dfhsf ! xhf/ !! g]t[Tj txsf kbx¿df )=# k|ltzt dfq} blntx¿ 5g\ . /fhgLlts bnx¿sf ufpF txsf zfvfx¿df blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj #=@ k|ltzt dfq 5 .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, !((( sf] k|f/Ded} blntsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] k|lta4tf 5 . ;g\ !((& sf] lgjf{rgsf a]nf &#% uf=lj=; cWoIfx¿dWo] blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj !=^# k|ltzt, !!^ gu/kflnsfsf] d]o/ tyf pkd]o/ / *@# lh=lj=;= ;b:ox¿dWo] blntsf] k|ltlglwTj z"Go /x\of] .

lzIffdf lje]b

blntsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt ;g\ !((! sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ !& k|ltzt lyof] eg] ;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ ##=* k|ltzt lyof] . k|j]lzsf -P;=Pn=;L=_ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] /fli6«o cf};t !&=# k|ltzt 5 t/ blntsf] cf};t eg] #=* k|ltzt dfq 5 . :gfts jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] /fli6«o cf};t #=)$ k|ltzt 5 t/ blntsf] cf};t eg] )=$ k|ltzt dfq 5 . blnt afnaflnsfx¿sf] sd egf{ / ljBfno 5f8\g] sf/0fx¿df hftLo e]befj tyf k"jf{u|x / ;fdflhs–cfly{s ;d:ofx¿ d'Vo 5g\ . o; cWoogsf nflu ePsf] :ynut cWoogsf a]nf !* dWo] # blnt hfltsf pQ/bftfx¿n] atfPcg';f/ u}/blnt ljBfyL{x¿ blnt ljBfyL{;Fu ;Fu} a;]/ vfg dfGb}gg\ . To:t} u/L !* dWo] $ blnt hfltsf pQ/bftfx¿n] atfPcg';f/ u}/blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿sf] z/L/, kfgL / vfgf 5F'+b}gg\ . !* dWo] ^ blnt hfltsf pQ/bftfx¿n] atfPcg';f/ sIffsf]7fdf lzIfsx¿n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ x]Kg], ckdfghgs zAb, pvfg–6'Ssf cflb k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ . s]xL lzIfsx¿n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sIffdf 5'§} a]Grdf a:g nfufpg], z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿ rnfpg glbg], cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkx¿df efu lng glbg] cflb ub{5g\ . blnt lzIfsx¿nfO{ u}/blntx¿n] ;Ddfg klg ub}{gg\ .

a“w'jf dhb'/L

x\o'dg /fO6\; jfrnfO{ pb\w[t ub}{ dfgjclwsf/ tyf ljZj Gofo s]Gb|n] pNn]v u/]cg';f/ g]kfnh:tf] s[lifk|wfg b]zdf blntx¿nfO{ e"lddflysf] :jfldTj lbg OGsf/


u/]sf] sf/0fn] w]/} blntx¿ of t ;'s'Daf;L of aFw'jf dhb'/ 5g\ . xlnof k|yf sfod /xg'sf] k5fl8 >dljefhg / C0f ltg{ g;Sg' k|d'v 5g\ . /a6{;g / ld>n] xlnofnufotsf aFw'jf dhb'/L /xg'sf sf/0fx¿ ;fdGtL k/Dk/f, latf{, hflu/, /sd, hldGbf/L k|yf, e"ld;'wf/sf] c;kmntf, ;LdfGtLs/0f, e"ldxLgtf, C0f / lje]b cflb pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

blnt dlxnf lj?$ x'g] ax'n lje]b

k'?ifx¿af6 blnt dlxnfx¿lj?4 n}ª\lus lje]b x'g] u/]sf] 5 . blnt dlxnfx¿sf] hldg, 3/, u/uxgf / gubh:tf ;|f]tx¿df kx'Fr / lgoGq0f 5}g . blnt dlxnfx¿ 3/]n' lx+;f, anfTsf/, af]nLhGo b'Jo{jxf/nufot dlxnflj?4sf ef}lts / dfgl;s lx+;fsf l;sf/ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . kxf8L blnt dlxnfsf] t'ngfdf dw];L blnt dlxnflj?4 x'g] n}ª\lus e]befj emg} rsf]{ 5 . dLg ljZjsdf{n] blnt dlxnf / u}/blnt k'?if tyf blnt dlxnf / blnt k'?ifaLr x'g] cGt/hftLo ljjfxsf ;d:of pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 . blnt dlxnfx¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx¿dWo] bx]h, kbf{ k|yf, 3/]n' lx+;f / cfTdxTof cflb 5g\ . dw];L blntx¿lj?4 eflifs lje]b klg 5 . u}/lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx¿df klg hftLo lje]b 5 . t/ o;sf] dfqf eg] ;fk]If ¿kdf sd 5 .

lgisif{

uxg cWoogsf nflu k|fyldstfsf ;jfnx¿ hldgdflysf] clwsf/, cfjf;, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ljz]if clwsf/ cflb klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befjnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cGTo ug{sf nflu /fHo, ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn, ;~rf/, gful/s ;dfh, blntcGbf]ng, cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]ux¿ vf; u/]/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3, ax'kIfLo / låkIfLo bft[ ;+:yfx¿, cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / hgjsfnt ug]{ ;+:yfx¿nufotsf ;a} ;/sf]/jfnfx¿n] ;xsfo{ u/]/ PsLs[t k|of; ug{ cfjZos 5 .


cWofo – !

kl/ro

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{

;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n hg;ª\Vof b'O{ s/f]8 t]O; nfvdWo] blntsf] hg;ª\Vof kGw| k|ltzthlt dfq b]vfOPsf] 5 h'g blnt a'l4hLjLx¿ / cfGbf]ngsdL{x¿n] oyfy{ gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ -x]g'{xf];\, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf ! / @_ . g]kfnsf hfthfltx¿dWo] blntx¿dfly slyt dflyNnf hftsfx¿åf/f cToGt cdfgjLo hftLo 5'jf5"tnufotsf lje]bx¿ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf blntx¿ ;a}eGbf sd cWoog ul/Psf hftLo ;d'xx¿ x'g\ . g]kfnsf cWo]tfx¿dWo] blntsf af/]df cWoog–cg';Gwfg ug]{df l8NnL/fd bfxfn, ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, vu]Gb|gfy zdf{, 1fg' If]qL, xl/j+z emf, h:dLg /fhe08f/L, uLtf sfsL{, of]u]Gb|axfb'/ u'?ª / s[i0f e§rgnufotsfn] pNn]vgLo sfd u/]sf 5g\ . blntcWo]tfx¿dWo] xL/f ljZjsdf{, rqmdfg ljZjsdf{, odaxfb'/ ls;fg, dLg ljZjsdf{, n'dfl;+x ljZjsdf{, /Tgaxfb'/ jfurGb, 6]s tfd|fsf/, ;'jf; l/;fn, k"0f{ g]kfnL, sdnf x]dr'/L, /~h' 7fs'/, b'uf{ ;f]a, clDasf uhd]/ / kljqf ;'gf/nufotsfn] of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ . ljb]zL cWo]tfx¿dWo] P= 8An'= Dofs8f]gfN8, Sof/f]n l6ª\u], d]/L Sofd/gnufotsfn] of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ . clxn];Dd :jb]z / ljb]zsf u}/blnt / blntcWo]tfx¿åf/f hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf Jofjxfl/s cj:yfsf af/]df uxg cWoog–cg';Gwfg rflxg]hlt x'g;s]sf] 5}g . PS;g P8, g]kfnn] g]kfndf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] ljBdfg cj:yfsf af/]df rf/ uf=lj=;= / rf/ gu/kflnsf If]qx¿df :ynut cWoog u/L k|ltj]bgnfO{ k':tssf ¿kdf ;g\ @))# df k|sfzg u/]sf] lyof] . o; cWoogn] blntx¿lj?4 ljBdfg @)% lsl;dsf hftLo e]befj /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 t/ /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] klxrfg u/]sf @@ blnt hftLo ;d'bfosf blntx¿df s] s:tf / slt xb;Dd hftLo 5'jf5"tnufotsf hftLo e]befjx¿ ljBdfg 5 eGg]af/]df eg] cWoog ug{ cTofjZos 5 . jf:tjdf hftLo 5'jf5"t dfgjtflj?4sf] h3Go ck/fw xf] eg] dfgjclwsf/sf] 7f8f] pNnª\3g klg xf] . hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/n] dfgj dof{bf, nf]stGq, ;dfgtf, ;dfj]zL / ;fdflhs Gofosf] pkxf; u/]sf] 5 .

cWoogsf] p@]Zo

o;sf] ;fdfGo p2]Zo k|sflzt / ck|sflzt ljleGg ;|f]tx¿ k|of]u u/]/ blntx¿sf] l:ylt jf cj:yfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ / ljleGg blntsf ljleGg hftLo ;d'bfosf lj?4 ePsf ljBdfg hftLo e]befjnfO{ clen]vLs/0f ug]{ xf] .


o; cWoogsf ljlzi^ p@]Zox¿ o; k|sf/ %g\ M!= blntx¿sf] x}l;ot / cj:yfsf af/]df k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

!=!= k|sflzt / ck|sflzt ;|f]tx¿sf] cfwf/df ljBdfg hftLo 5'jf5"tnufotsf hftLo e]befjsf] ¿k, k|s[lt / ;3gtfsf af/]df ;+If]kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

!=@= k|sflzt / ck|sflzt ;|f]tx¿sf] cfwf/df blntx¿sf] ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[[lts, wfld{s, /fhgLlts / cfly{s cj:yfx¿sf af/]df ;+If]kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

@= hftLo 5'jf5"t nufotsf hftLo e]befjsf af/]df :ynut cWoog ug]{ .@=!= /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] klxrfg u/]sf @@ blnt hftx¿df ljBdfg hftLo

5'jf5"tnufotsf hftLo e]befjsf] ¿k, k|s[lt / ;3gtf klxrfg ug]{ .@=@= blnt dlxnf, k'?if / afnaflnsfx¿df ljBdfg hftLo 5'jf5"tnufotsf

hftLo e]befjsf k|efjx¿ x]g]{ .

cWoog ljlw

of] cWoog u'0ffTds / ;ª\VofTds tYofª\sdf cfwfl/t 5 / Psn] csf]{nfO{ a'‰g ;3fpF5 . cWoog 6f]nLnfO{ ef/tLo blnt cWoog ;+:yfgaf6 cfjZos ;xof]u, k/fdz{, ;'emfa cflb k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

tYo–tYofª\ssf ;|f]tx¿

of] cWoog pknAw k|sflzt / ck|sflzt ;|f]tx¿df cfwfl/t 5 / k|f/lDes ;|f]tx¿af6 k|fKt tYo–tYofª\s klg ;ª\sng ul/Psf] 5 .

k|sflzt / ck|sflzt ;|f]tx¿

blnt ;jfndf k|z:t k':ts / n]v–/rgf, k|ltj]bg, sfo{kq cflb k|sflzt 5g\ / sltko n]v–/rgfx¿ ck|sflzt klg 5g\ -x]g'{xf];\, ;Gbe{u|Gy;"rL_ . :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL / :jb]zLdWo] klg blnt / u}/blntx¿n] n]v]sf v; g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiffdf k|sflzt s[ltx¿ k|z:t} 5g\ . of] cWoogdf k|z:t pkof]u ul/Psf ;|f]tx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

• g]kfn / ljb]zaf6 v; g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiffdf k|sflzt k':tsx¿• /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o hg{nx¿df v; g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiffdf k|sflzt n]vx¿• ;/sf/L b:tfj]h, k|sfzg / k|ltj]bgx¿• blnt / u}/blntsf ;+3–;+:yfx¿, låkIfLo tyf ax'kIfLo / cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L

;+:yfx¿nufotsf bft[ lgsfox¿sf k|sfzg / k|ltj]bgx¿• uf]i7L, sfo{zfnf uf]i7L / cGtlqm{of sfo{qmdx¿df k|:t't sfo{kqx¿• ljBfjfl/wL / :gftsf]Q/ pkflwsf nflu tof/ ePsf zf]wkqx¿


• ;~rf/ / j}slNks ;~rf/dfWodx¿df k|jflxt ;dfrf/ tyf n]v–/rgfx¿

k|f/lDes ;|f]tx¿

k|sflzt tyf ck|sflzt ;|f]tx¿af6 ;ª\slnt tYo–tYofª\snfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] u/L :ynut cWoogaf6 s]xL tYo / tYofª\sx¿ ;ª\sng ul/Psf] lyof] .

gd'gf

:ynut cWoogsf nflu gd'gf lhNnfx¿sf] 5gf}6 blnt ;+3–;+:yfx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu ;/;Nnfx u/L to ul/Psf] lyof] . 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lhNnfdf gu/ jf ufpFsf] gd'gf 5gf}6 ;DalGwt lhNnfsf blntsf ;+3–;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu ;/;Nnfx u/L to ul/Psf] lyof] -tflnsf !=!_ . ufpFdf blnt / u}/blntsf] ldl>t a:tLx¿ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lyof] . l;/fxf / ;Kt/L lhNnfx¿df lx+;f / k|ltlx+;fsf 36gfx¿ ;3g xF'+b} uPsfn] oL b'O{ lhNnfdf :ynut cWoog /2 ul/Psf] lyof] . @@ blnt hftx¿dWo] ;/eª\u / ;/jl/of Pp6} hft ePsf] kfOof] / ;/eª\u zAb ckdfghgs ¿kdf k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] kfOof] . sslxof hft sxfF a;f]af; u5{g\ eGg] hfgsf/L blnt ;+3–;+:yf, cWo]tf / a'l4hLjLx¿;Fu ;/;Nnfx ubf{ klg kQf nfUg ;s]g . :ynut cWoogsf] cGtlt/ t/fO{df lauF|bf] /fhgLlts cj:yfn] ubf{ sf]/L hftsf] :ynut cWoog 5'6\g uof] . o;/L @@ blnt hftdWo] !* blnt hft :ynut cWoogdf ;d]l6Psf] lyof] .

tflnsf !=! kxf8L / dw];L blnt ax'n lhNnfx? / :ynut cWoogsf nflu gd'gf 5gf}6df k/]sf lhNnf, ufp+ ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?

qm= ;+=

hft ax'n hg;ª\Vof ePsf

lhNnfx¿

gd'gf

lhNnf ufp+ ljsf; ;ldlt

gu/kflnsf

kxf*L blnt!= uGwj{÷ufOg] sf:sL, u'NdL,

c3f{vfFrL, ;Nofgsf:sL – kf]v/f

pkdxfgu/kflnsf

@= kl/of/÷bdfO{ c5fd, s}nfnL, sf:sL, emfkf, bfª, ;'v]{t

88]nw'/f – cd/u9L pkdxfgu/kflnsf

#= jfbL ;'v]{t, alb{of, bfª, hfh/sf]6, s}nfnL, afFs]

afFs] – g]kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsf

g]kfndf hflto e]befj�0

$= ljZjsdf{÷sfdL

afh'/f, bfr'{nf, aemfª, d'u', h'Dnf, d':tfª, c5fd, b}n]v, hfh/sf]6, 8f]6L, ?s'd, a}t8L, /f]Nkf, ;Nofg, / 88]nw'/f

88]nw'/f dl0fn]v –

%= ;fsL{ uf]vf{, wflbª, sf:sL, afUn'ª,

sf:sL sf:sLsf]6 –

dw];L blnt^= vl6s ;Kt/L afFs] zdz]/u~h –

&= vTj] ;Kt/L, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L

df]/ª xfQLd'9f –

*= rdf/ l;/fxf, ?kGb]xL, wg'iff, k;f{, af/f, gjnk/f;L, /f}tx6, slknj:t'

dxf]Q/L l;d/bxL –

(= lrl8df/ slknj:t', emfkf AffFs] zdz]/u~h –

!)= 8f]d ;Kt/L, l;/fxf k;f{ hfgsL6f]n –

!!= tTdf wg'iff /f}tx6, l;/fxf df]/ª a'wgu/ –

!@= b';fw -kf;jfg_

;nf{xL, l;/fxf, wg'iff, af/f, /f}tx6

dxf]Q/L lkk/f –

!#= wf]jL ;Kt/L, /f}tx6, ?kGb]xL, slknj:t'

df]/ª a'wgu/ –

!$= kTy/s§f afFs], gjnk/f;L afFs] OGb|k'/ –!%= kf;L -kf;jfg_ l;/fxf, ;Kt/L afFs] kf/;k'/ –!^= afFt/ df]/ª, ;Kt/L,

;'g;/L, dxf]Q/L;'g;/L tgj'gf –

!&= d';x/ l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, df]/ª, ;'g;/L, wg'iff

dxf]Q/L l;d/bxL –

!*= d]:t/÷÷xnvf]/

k;f{, wg'iff, /f}tx6 k;f{ – lj/u~h pkdxfgu/kflnsf

!(= ;/eª\u÷÷;/al/of

;Kt/L k;f{ – lj/u~h pkdxfgu/kflnsf

@)= snjf/ l;/fxf, ;Kt/L t/fO{df pTkGg dw];L cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0fn] :ynut cWoog ug{ ;Dej gePsf]n] :ynut cWoogsfo{ 5'6]sf]

@!= sf]/L -sf]O/L_

l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, ;'g;/L

@@= sslxof slknj:t' kQf gnfu]sf]

tYofª\s ;ª\sngsf ;fwgx¿

:ynut cWoog M hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf af/]df :ynut cWoogsfo{ ;g\ @))^ sf]

g]kfndf hflto e]befj ��

gf]e]Da/b]lv l8;]Da/ dlxgfx¿df ul/Psf] lyof] . :ynut cWoogsfo{df cWoog 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs, b'O{hgf ;b:ox¿, :ynut cWoog ;xof]uL / :yfgLo cg';Gwfg ;xfosx¿ ;+nUg lyP . :ynut cWoogsfo{ @$ lbgsf] ;dofjlwdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . s]lGb|t ;d'xut 5nkmn, cjnf]sg ljlw, s]; :68L / d'Vo pQ/bftfx¿;Fu cGtjf{tf{ u/L tYo–tyfª\sx¿ ;ª\sng ul/Psf] lyof] . hftLo 5'jf5"tsf af/]df ;DalGwt blntx¿s} cg'ejnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOPsf] lyof] / 5'jf5"t xf] ls xf]Og eGg]af/] lgSof]{n ug]{ sfd klg blnt pQ/bftfx¿af6} ePsf] lyof] .

;d'xut %nkmn M hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf af/]df tYo–tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug{ k|To]s uf=lj=;= jf gu/kflnsfdf lgDg # j6f ;d'xut 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] M

• blnt dlxnf, k'?if, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfo{stf{x¿ / xfn;fn hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]baf6 kLl8t ePsfx¿ !

• :yfgLo u}/blntx¿ / /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ !

• lhNnfdf sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / bft[ lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿ !

cjnf]sg M hftLo 5'jf5"t ePsf], gePsf] / ePsf] jf ePsf] xf]Og eg]/ 5'6\ofpg ufx|f 36gfx¿ klg ;Dej eP;Dd cjnf]sg ul/Psf] lyof] .

d'Vo pQ/bftfx¿;“u cGtjf{tf{ M :yfgLo txdf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf af/]df hfgsf/ blnt tyf u}/blnt / xfn;fn} ePsf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf 36gfsf kLl8t / pTkL8sx¿nfO{ ;d]t cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf] lyof] .

#^\gf cWoogM s]lx :ynut / s]lx k|sfzLt ;dfrf/sf cfwf/df hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf rfvnfUbf 36gfsf syfx¿;ª\sng ul/Psf] lyof] .

/fli^«o k/fdz{ uf]i&L M d:of}bf k|ltj]bg tof/ ePkl5 sf7df8f}+df Pp6f /fli6«o k/fdz{ uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] uf]i7Ldf g]kfnsf ;f+;bx¿, blnt / u}/blnt a'l4hLjLx¿, blnt ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿, dfgjclwsf/jfbLx¿, ef/tLo blnt cWoog ;+:yfg / cGt/f{li6«o blnt P]Soa4tf ;~hfnsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . uf]i7Ln] lbPsf] ;'emfax¿sf cfwf/df d:of}bf kl/dfh{g u/L k|ltj]bgnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbOPsf] lyof] .

g]kfndf hflto e]befj��


cWofo– @

hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b

o; cWofo hflt Joj:yf, blntsf] kl/efiff / klxrfg, blntsf pkhft / k]zf, blntsf] hg;ª\Vof, wd{ / lhNnfx¿df blntsf] ax'ntfsf af/]df s]lGb|t 5 .

g]kfndf hftLo %'jf%"tsf] k|f/De

;dfh b'O{ txdf afFl8Psf] x'G5 M Pp6f, x}l;ot / csf]{, ju{ . ;dfhzf:qL DofS; j]a/sf cg';f/ x}l;ot ;Ddfg / ;'ljwfdf tyf ju{ cfly{s Joj:yfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . gZn, j0f{ / hfthflt x}l;otdf kb{5 eg] hldgbf/L / ;fdflhs ju{ ju{df kb{5 . j0f{ Pp6f vfsf xf] eg] hft To;leqsf] ;d'x xf] . j0f{ rf/ lsl;dsf] 5 M a|fXd0f, If]qLo, a}Zo / z'b| . blntcWo]tf ofdaxfb'/ ls;fgn] ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf j0f{Joj:yf hGdg'sf gf}j6f l;4fGtx¿ pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . tL o;\ k|sf/ 5g\ -ls;fg @))% M &–!)_ M

!= k/Dk/fut l;4fGt h;n] j0f{Joj:yfsf] pTklQ CUj]bsf] k'?if ;"Qmaf6 ePsf] dfGb5 .

@= wfld{s l;4fGt -pFr / gLr_#= cfly{s l;4fGt -x'g] / gx'g]_$= gZnjfbL l;4fGt -cfo{ / u}/cfo{_%= pb\ejjfbL l;4fGt -:yfloTj ePsf] s[lif ;d'bfodf hGdsf cfwf/df lj:tfl/t

>dsf] ljefhg_^= cfk/flws l;4fGt -cg}lts of}g;DaGwnufotsf cfk/flws / cg}lts

sfdx¿_&= sfof{Tds l;4fGt -k]zfut cfwf/df >dsf] ljefhg_*= ;+:s[ts/0f -slyt dflyNnf] hftdf pSng] k|lqmof_(= ;fdflhs ljefhg l;4fGt -ljleGg ;d'xx¿sf] ;fdflhs ljefhg_

ls;fgn] j0f{Joj:yfsf] pTklQ kfFrj6f cfwf/df ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ M != k'?if ;"Qm, @= 5fnfsf] /ª\u, #= k]zf, $= JolQmut ljz]iftf / %= j+zfg'ut -ls;fg, @))% M !$–@$_ . pgn] z'b|sf] hGd x'g'sf 5j6f sf/0fx¿ pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ M != u}/cfo{ bf;x¿ / o'4sf x?jfx¿, @= cfo{lj/f]wL / zq'x¿, #= cGt/hftLo ljjfx, $= s'g} JolQmsf afnaRrfx¿ / %= k]zf / zlQmxLgtf -ls;fg, @))% M @%–@&_ . kRrL; ;o jif{cl3 ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf uf}td a'4n] j0f{Joj:yflj?4 n8]sf lyP .

g]kfnsf] hftLo ;+/rgf rf/ gZnaf6 ag]sf] 5 M != ss]l;ofnL, @= dª\uf]n, #=


b|lj8 / $= k|f]6f] c:6«]Njfo8\ . a|fXd0f, If]qL, a}Zo, z'b| / d';ndfgx¿ ss]l;ofnL gZndf kb{5g\ . blntcWo]tf rqmdfg ljZjsdf{sf cg';f/ blntx¿ b|lj8 / cGo gZnx¿af6 pTklQ ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] hftkftsf] Joj:yf ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf xhf/f}+ jif{cl3 ljsl;t hftkftsf] Joj:yf xf] . cnl/s of]xfG;fg -@))@ M *_ sf cg';f/, …pQ/ ef/tdf P3f/f}+ ztfAbLdf ePsf] d'l:nd cfqmd0fkl5 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf ePsf] a;fOF;/fOaf6 lxGb" wd{n] k|j]z u/]sf] xf] . To;a]nf;Dd g]kfndf af]g, af}4, k|s[ltk"hs k/Dk/f / ljZjf; ePsf cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ a;f]af; ub{y] . …8f= l8NnL/fd bfxfn / cGo -@))% M %_ sf cg';f/, …o;sf] ;'?cft sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ;Gbe{df hol:ylt dNnsf] kfnfb]lv / ;du| g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df lj=;+= !(!) sf] d'n'sL P]g;Fu} ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . pgLx¿ yk n]V5g\, …g]kfnsf] xfnsf] blnt hg;ª\Vof b'O{ k|sf/sf ljlzi6 ;d'xx¿ 5g\ M s= ef/taf6 cGo lxGb" hftx¿;Fu cfPsf Pp6f ;d'x / v= cj}w of}g;DaGwaf6 ;[lht blnt ;d'xÚ -bfxfn / cGo, @))% M ^_ .

o; cWoogsf nflu ul/Psf] :ynut cWoogsf a]nfdf pQ/bftfx¿n] k/Dk/f, j}jflxs k4lt, k'/fgf] k':tf, afx'g–If]qLx¿sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhgLlts Psflwsf/, lg/If/tf, blntx¿sf] sdhf]/ cj:yf, blntk|lt ;+j]bgxLg of]hgf, gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ / JolQmx¿sf] k'/ftgkGyL ;f]rljrf/x¿ hftLo e]befjsf nflu lhDd]jf/ ePsf] atfPsf lyP .

g]kfndf hftLo e]befjsf] ;'?cft /fhf hol:ylt dNnn] rf}wf}+ ztfAbLdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf g]jf/ ;dfhsf] k'g;{+/rgf u/]kl5 ;'? ePsf] xf] . ef/taf6 lgDTofOPsf] kfFrhgf a|fXd0f ljz]if1x¿sf] /fo;Nnfxcg';f/ g]jf/ ;dfhnfO{ k]zf cyf{t\ >dsf] ljefhgsf cfwf/df ^$ hftdf afF8\g] sfd ePsf] lyof] . kl5 ef/tsf] hftLo e]befjsf] a9\bf] k|efjn] ubf{ hftLo e]befj a9]/ kf]8], Rofd], s';'n], s;fO{h:tfx¿nfO{ slyt tNnf] hftsf] Jojxf/ ug{ yflnof] . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns PsLs/0f u/] klg …g]kfnnfO{ c;nL lxGb":tfgÚ agfpg] qmddf …g]kfn rf/ hft 5QL; j0f{sf] k"mnaf/L xf]Ú eg] . !)$ jif{ nfdf] hxflgofF /f0ffzf;gsf k|jt{s h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] lj=;+= !(!) df hf/L u/]sf] d'n'sL P]gåf/f g]kfnsf cflbjf;L hghflt / d';ndfgnufotsf ;a} hft–hfltx¿nfO{ rf/ j0f{sf] 9fFrfdf lgDgadf]lhdsf] rf/ >]]0fLsf] hft Joj:yfdf ljefhg ug]{ sfd eof] M

!= tfufwf/L jf låhj0f{ •pkfWofo afx'g ok"jL{of os'dfO{ •/fhk't


•h};L •If]qL@= dtjfnL •gdfl;g] •dfl;g]#= kfgL grNg], 5f]Ol56f] xfNg' gkg]{$= kfgL grNg], 5f]Ol56f] xfNg'kg]{

cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ lxGb" j0f{ / hft Joj:yfdf kb}{gg\ t/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;d]t hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf] sfg'gL Joj:yfleq afFw]/ b}lgs hLjgdf lje]bsf/L Jojxf/ ug{ afWo agfP . To;}n] hf] cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ lxGb" zf;sx¿sf ;Dks{df cfP, pgLx¿n] lxGb"s/0f / ;+:s[ts/0fsf] k|lqmof ckgfP/ rsf]{ hftLo lje]b ug{ l;s] .

rf/ j0f{, hGdsf] cfwf/df hftsf] x}l;otsf] lgwf{/0f, pFrgLr, kfgL, vfgf / z/L/df 5'jf5"t / hftsf] cfwf/df >dsf] ljefhg hftJoj:yfsf d'Vo ljz]iftfx¿ x'g\ . k/Dk/fut rf/ j0f{ t/fO{df kfOG5 t/ kxf8df eg] a}Zo kfOFb}g / a|fXd0fnfO{ afx'g / z'b|sf] ;§f blnt eg]/ juL{s/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

blntcWo]tfx¿ ofdaxfb'/ ls;fg / rqmdfg ljZjsdf{sf cg';f/ /fhf dx]Gb|n] lj=;+= @)@! ;fndf gofF d'n'sL P]g nfu" ubf{ hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befjsf] cGTo u/]sf] geP/ o; ;DaGwdf t6:y /x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befjn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] xf] . lj=;+= @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 k|wfgdGqL, dlGqd08n, ;+;b\ cflbn] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{sf nflu w]/} k|of; u/] t/ ;a} Jojxf/df ljkmn ;fljt eP . d'Qmfl;+x nfdf tfdfª / cGon] 8L=Pkm=cfO=8L=sf nflu tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePcg';f/, …d"Nofª\sg ul/Psf lhNnfx¿ -/f]Nkf, ?s'd, bfª, l;Gw'kfNrf]s / /fd]5fk_ df ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿df hftLo 5'jf5"t 36]/ uO/fv]sf] 5Ú -tfdfª, @))# M @#_ .

sf] x'g\ blntx¿ <

blnt zAb ;+:s[t efiffsf] …bnÚ zAbaf6 ;[hgf ePsf] xf] / o;sf] cy{ 6'lqmg', rs{g' jf v'Ng' xf] . g]kfnL a[xb\ zAbsf]ifcg';f/ blnt zAbsf] cy{ kmUNofF6}kmUNofF6f kfl/Psf], blnPsf], bdg ul/Psf], lylrPsf], s'lNrPsf], ljWj+; tyf gi6 ul/Psf] xf] . ljut / jt{dfgdf blntnfO{ ug]{ kl/efiff / klxrfg km/s 5 . g]kfn / ef/tdf blnt zAbsf] cy{sf ;DaGwdf w]/} jfbljjfb 5 . ef/tdf ljutdf ckdfghgs zAbx¿ h:t} M bf;, b:o', /fIf;, c;'/, cj0f{, lgiffw, k~rd, rf08fn, xl/hg / c5"t x'GYof] . pklgj]zsfnLg ef/tdf a]nfotL zf;sx¿n] pTkLl8t ju{, cg';"lrt hft eg]/ k|of]u uy]{ .


g]kfndf klg ljutdf kfgL grNg], c5"t, cj0f{, 8'd, kl/ul0ft, tNnf] hft, xl/hgh:tf cfklQhgs / x]nfFxf]rf] ug{ k|of]u x'g] zAbx¿sf] k|of]u x'GYof] eg] ;/sf/L b:tfj]hx¿df pk]lIft tyf pTkLl8t, k5fl8 k/]sf, ljkGg, ul/a, lgd'vf, ;LdfGts[t, ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt, cNk;ª\Vos, jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf, blnth:tf zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;+:yfx¿n] / pgLx¿sf ;xof]uL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] eg] ul/a, nfeaf6 jl~rt, lgd'vf, pTkLl8t hft, zf]if0fdf k/]sf ;fdflhs ;d'x, tNnf] hft, cNk;ª\Vos, alxis/0fdf k/]sf ;d'x cflb zAbx¿ k|of]u ub{5g\ .

g]kfndf x'g] ;ef, uf]i7L / sfo{zfnfx¿df blnt zAb k|of]u ug{ x'g] jf gx'g], ug]{ eP s;nfO{ blnt eGg] ;DaGwdf w]/} jfbljjfb / k|ltjfbx¿ x'g] ub{5 . blntcfGbf]ngsf af/]df hfgsf/L gePsf blntx¿, sltko dfgjclwsf/jfbLx¿ / u}/blntx¿ blnt zAb k|of]u ug{ gx'g] atfpF5g\ . s;}sf] eg] hft eGg pko'Qm x'g] ts{ 5 . g]kfn / ef/tdf blnt zAbsf] k|of]u x'g yfn]sf] w]/} ePsf] 5}g . of] zAbn] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bdf k/]sf ;d'bfox¿sf] :jklxrfg, hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf] cGTo / ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] :yfkgf ug{sf nflu eO/x]sf] ;ª\3if{sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . To;}n] blnt g]tf / clwsf/sdL{x¿ blnt zAbn] hlt cGo zAbn] g]kfnsf blntx¿sf] oyfy{ cj:yfnfO{ phfu/ ug{ ;Sb}g eGg]df ljZj:t 5g\ .

/fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] k|:tfljt ljw]os, @)%^ df blntsf] kl/efiff o;/L ul/Psf] 5 M

æ…blnt ;d'bfoÚ eGgfn] hftLo e]befj / 5'jf5"ts]f df/df k/L ;fdflhs, cfly{s, z}lIfs / /fhgLlts Pj+ wfld{s If]qdf ;dfhsf] ;a}eGbf k5fl8 kfl/Psf] / dfgjLo ;Ddfg Pj+ ;fdflhs Gofo kfpg g;s]sf] cg';"rL ! df pNn]lvt hft–;d'bfonfO{ hgfpg]5Æ -/fli6«o blnt cfof]u, @))$ M @#(_ .

pQm k|:tfljt ljw]osdf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] kl/efiff o;/L ul/Psf] 5 M

æ…hftLo 5'jf5"tÚ eGgfn] g]kfnL ;dfhdf c5"t hft, 5f]Ol56f] xfNg'kg]{, 5'g gx'g] hft egL e]befj ug]{ ul/Psf] ;d'bfo jf gofF d'n'sL P]gdf c5"t hft egL ls6fg ul/Psf] ;d'bfonfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] e]befjk"0f{ b[li6n] ul/Psf] Jojxf/nfO{ hftLo 5'jf5"t hgfpg]5Æ -/fli6«o blnt cfof]u, @))$ M @#(_ .

of] cWoogdf /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] u/]sf] blnt / hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] kl/efiffx¿nfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .

a]nfotsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u ljefu -8L=Pkm=cfO=8L=_ / ljZj a}+sn] u/]sf] Ps cWoog k|ltj]bgdf ul/Psf] Pp6f l;kmfl/;cg';f/ æblntsf] :ki6 kl/efiff ug{ grflxFbf]


l9nfO ug'{ / cfTd/ltdf 8'Agfn] blntclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;jfnx¿nfO{ låljwfu|:t agfpF5 . blnt zAbnfO{ ;a}n] :jLsf/ ug{'k5{Æ --8L=Pkm=cfO=8L= / ljZj a}+s, @))^ M %(_ . jf:tjdf blnt eGgfn] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 . To;}n] of] zAb ta;Dd k|of]udf /lx/xg]5 ha;Dd oL lje]bx¿ afFsL /xG5g\ . h'g lbg oL lje]bhGo cj:yfsf] cGTo x'G5g\, To; lbgb]lv of] zAbsf] cfjZostf kg]{ 5}g .

blntsf] klxrfg

blntsf hftx¿ blntsf] kl/efiffdf lge{/ /xG5 . cn]SHofG8/ DofS8f]gfN8 -!(*$ M @*@_ n] d'n'sL P]gn] klxrfg u/]]sf] blntsf hftx¿ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 -x]g'{xf];, uf/]vfkq ;+:yfg, !(%@ M @)&_ . d'n'sL P]gn] lgDg b'O{yl/sf blnt hftx¿ klxrfg u/]sf] 5 M

s= kfgL grNg] t/ 5f]Ol56f] xfNg gkg]{ hftx¿ Md';ndfg wf]jLdw];sf t]nL s'n's;fO{ Dn]R5s';'n] r'8f/f

v= kfgL grNg] / 5f]Ol56f] xfNg' kg]{ hftx¿ M;fsL{ bdfO{sfdL ufOg];'gf/ al8ef8r'gf/f kf]8]x'8\s] Rofdvns

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t :yflkt pk]lIft, pTkLl8t / blnt ju{ pTyfg ;ldltn] @@ yl/ blnt hftx¿sf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 M != nf]xf/, @= ;'gf/, #= sfdL, $= bdfO{, %= s;fO{, ^= ;fsL{, &= jfbL, *= ufOg], (= s';'n], !)= s'r], !!= Rofd], !@= kf]8], !#= rdf/, !$= wf]jL, !%= kf;jfg -b';fw_, !^= tTdf, !&= afFt/, !*= vTj], !(= d';x/, @)= ;tf/, @!= ;Gyfn / @@= xnvf]/ . of] klxrfgdf tLgj6f ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ M s= g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;tf/ jf ;GyfnnfO{ %( cflbjf;LdWo] Pssf] ¿kdf P]gaf6 ;"rLs/0f ul/;s]sf] 5 / ;GyfnnfO{ ;tf/ elgG5, v= s;fO{, s';'n], Rofd] / kf]8] g]jf/ cflbjf;L hghfltdf kb{5g\ / u= s'g} hftx¿ bf]xf]l/Psf 5g\ . h:t} M nf]xf/, ;'gf/ / sfdL ljZjsdf{ hftdf kb{5g\ / $= sltko blnt hftx¿ of] ;"rLdf 5'6]sf 5g\ .

pQm ;d:ofx¿nfO{ /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] s]xL xb;Dd ;dfwfg ub}{ cfof]un] u/]sf] blnt ;d'bfo / hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] kl/efiffsf] cfwf/df lgDg @@ blnt hftx¿


klxrfg u/]sf] 5 -uf]/vfkq, @)^) k'; !%_ M

s= kxf8L d"nsf != uGwj{ -ufOg]_ @= kl/of/ -bdfO{, bhL{, ;'rLsf/, gurL{, 9f]nL, x'8\s]_ #= jfbL $= ljZjsdf{ -sfdL, nf]xf/, ;'gf/, cf]8, r'gf/f, kfsL{, 6d6f_ %= ;fsL{ -ldhf/, rd{sf/, e'n_

v= dw];L d"nsf ^= sn/ &= ss}lxof *= sf]/L (= vl6s !)= vTj] -dG8n, vfFsf_ !!= rdf/ -/fd, df]rL, xl/hg, /ljbf;_ !@= lrl8df/ !#= 8f]d -dl/s_ !$= tTdf -tfFtL, bf;_ !%= b';fw -kf;jfg, xhf/f_ !^= wf]jL -lxGb" /hs_ !&= kTy/s§f !*= kf;L !(= jfFt/ @)= d';x/ @!= d]:t/ -xnvf]/_@!= d]:t/ -xnvf]/_ @@= ;/eª\u -;/jl/of_

skfnL, v8\uL, b]pnf, s'r] / wf]jLnufotsf ;d'bfon] /fli6«o blnt cfof]unfO{ blntsf] ;"rLdf g/fVg bafa lbPkl5 g/fv]sf] xf] . o:tf ljjfbx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] k|of]unfO{ dfWod agfpg' pko'Qm x'g]5 . cfof]un] agfPsf] blntsf] ;"rLdf blntleq cGtlg{xLt hftLo >]0fLnfO{ eg] b]vfPsf] 5}g .

a]nfotsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u ljefu -8L=Pkm=cfO=8L=_ / ljZj a}+sn] u/]sf] Ps cWoog k|ltj]bgcg';f/ M

;a}nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] blnt / u}/blntsf] ;"rL agfpgsf nflu blnt / hghfltsf] ;"rLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fli6«o :t/df s'g} k|of; ePsf] 5}g . ljleGg dGqfnox¿n] cfk\mg} ;"rL k|of]u u5{g\ eg] cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;+:yfx¿ / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ eg] s;nfO{ blnt eGg] s;nfO{ geGg] eGg]df låljwfdf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o blnt cfof]u;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿df k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ;a}n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] ;"rL agfpg cfjZos 5 -8L=Pkm=cfO=8L= / ljZj a}+s, @))^ M %(_ .

of] cWoogsf nflu ul/Psf] :ynut cWoogsf a]nfdf /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] tof/ kf/]sf] ;"rLdf lgDg kl/dfh{g cfjZos b]lvG5 M

• kTy/s§fnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;"rLdf /fv]sf] / pgLx¿sf] ;+:yf g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3;Fu cfa4 ePsf] sfuhft cWoog 6f]nLnfO{ b]vfO{ blntsf] cWoogsf nflu ;d'xut 5nkmn ug{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyP .

• sn/, ;/jl/of / ;/eª\u Pp6} ;d'bfosf] xf] eGg] hfgsf/L eof] . sn/ eGg]


zAb cfklQhgs ePsf]n] pgLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ ;/eª\u jf ;/al/of eGg] u/]sf] klg hfgsf/L eof] .

• /fli6«o blnt cfof]u, blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3, g]kfn /fli6«o blnt sNof0f ;+3 / blnt clwsf/jfbLx¿nufot;Fu k/fdz{ ubf{ klg sslxof sxfF s'g 7fpFdf a;f]af; ub{5g\ eGg] tYo kQf nufpg ;lsPg .

g]kfnsf] s'g} 7fpFdf s'g} ;d'bfonfO{ blntsf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ u5{g\ eg] cGo 7fpFdf eg] To:tf] Jojxf/ ub}{gg\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu p/fp jf emfFu8 cflbjf;L hghflt eP klg pgLx¿nfO{ s]xL 7fpFx¿df blntsf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ ub{5g\ . pk]lIft, pTkLl8t / blntju{ pTyfg ljsf; ;ldltn] emfFu8nfO{ blntdf /fv] klg /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] eg] pQm hftLnfO{ ;"rLdf /fv]sf] 5}g .

5'jf5"tsf] lgDg Jojxf/ slyt pRr hftsf ;d'bfodf kfOP klg pgLx¿nfO{ blntsf ¿kdf x]l/Fb}g M

• a|fXd0f jf afx'g ;d'bfodf :jod\kfSo ;b:ox¿n] 5f]/f, a'xf/Lnufotsf kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox¿n] 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/ ub{5g\ .

• lxGb" dlxnfx¿ dlxgfjf/L / ;'Ts]/L ePsf a]nf g5'g] x'G5g\ . o:tf] 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/ hftLo geP/ k|hgg;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .

g]kfndf hftLo / eflifs ;j]{If0f gul/Psfn] olt hfthflt / efiffefifL 5g\ eg]/ 7f]s'jfsf ;fy eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . cWo]tfx¿, ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, bft[ ;+:yfx¿ / blntsf ;+3–;+:yfx¿n] blntsf] km/skm/s kl/efiff / klxrfg u/L sfd ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ blntsf ;DaGwdf pknAw ljleGg tYofª\sx¿nfO{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf pkof]u ug{ ufx|f] 5 . kmn:j¿k o:tf] tYofª\ssf] cfwf/df jf:tljs blntx¿;dIf ljleGg ljsf; of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿ k'Ug ufx|f] ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] Pp6f ;"rL tof/ u/]kl5 ;a}df Ps¿ktf Nofpg ;3fPsf] 5 t/ cof]un] tof/ kf/]sf ;"rLnfO{ kl/is[t u/]/ clGtd ¿k lbPkl5 g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] %( sf] ;"rLh:t} sfg'gL ¿kdf ;"rLs[t ug{ cTofjZos 5 .

blntsf pkhft / k/Dk/fut k]zfx¿

/fli6«o blnt cfof]un] tof/ u/]sf] Pp6f cWoog k|ltj]bgdf blntsf] hft–pkhft / k/Dk/fut k]zfsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 -tflnsf @=!_ . k|To]s hft / pk–hftdf kg]{ y/x¿ sddf sf]O/Lsf] ^ j6fb]lv bdfO{sf] *^ j6f;Dd pNn]v 5g\ . t/ lrl8df/, sslxof, kf;L, sn/, ;/al/of jf ;/eª\usf eg] Pp6f klg y/ lbOPsf] 5}g . clxn];Dd k|sflzt / ck|sflzt ;|f]tx¿n] blntsf pkhftx¿sf af/]df :ki6 hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpFb}g .


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slyt dflyNnf hftsf a:tLglhs hUuf lsGg glbg]

* # # $ !* $ !) ) $ !*

#3/leq k:g glbg]

@ !# @ ! !* ) !& ) ! !*


$;fd'bflos ejgdf k:g glbg]

! !) ) & !* ! !) ) & !*

%a}7sdf k:g glbg]

) !% ! @ !* ) !& ) ! !*

^

blntn] a}7ssf] cWoIftf u/]sf] 5 eg] u}/blnt ;b:ox¿n] ;Fu} a;]/ vfg]lkpg] sfd gug]{

@ % ) !! !* ) ^ ) !@ !*

&

cflbjf;L hghfltn] eGbf afx'g–If]qLn] a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

* @ ) * !* ! # ) !$ !*

*

Dfw];L a}Zon] eGbf afx'g–If]qLn] a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

!@ ! ) % !* ) # ) !% !*

(

t/fO{sf d';ndfgn] eGbf afx'g–If]qLn] a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

( @ ! ^ !* ) # ) !% !*

!)

afx'g–If]qLn] eGbf cflbjf;L hghfltn] a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

# * ! ^ !* ) # ) !% !*

!!

Afx'g–If]qLn] eGbf dw];L a}Zon] a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

@ !! ) % !* ) # ) !% !*


!@

Afx'g–If]qLn] eGbf t/fO{sf d';ndfgn] a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

@ !) ) ^ !* ) # ) !% !*

!#

blntn] eGbf u}/blntn] blntla?4 a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

!% ! ! ! !* ) $ ) !$ !*

!$

blntn]] blntla?4 u}/blntn] eGbf a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

! !% ! ! !* ) % ! !@ !*

!%

blnt k'?ifn] eGbf u}/blntn] blnt dlxnflj?4 a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

!@ ) ^ ) !* ! % ) !@ !*

!^

blnt dlxnflj?4 blntn] u}/blntn] eGbf a9L 5'jf5"t ug]{

# !# ! ! !* ) % ) !# !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .)&;+s]t M !ÖljBdfg Jojxf/, @ÖJojxf/df gePsf], #ÖJojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg ufx|f],

$Önfu" gx'g] jf c;fGble{s

hftLo lje]bsf Jojxf/x¿

;d'xut 5nkmnaf6 ;ª\sng ul/Psf blntlj?4 u}/blntn] / blntlj?4 blntn] ug]{ hftLo lje]bsf Jojxf/x¿dWo] :jf:Yo ;]jf, cGt/hftLo ljjfx / ljleGg ;d'bfox¿n] blntsf lj?4 ug]{ hftLo e]befjsf] dfqfsf af/]df pgLx¿sf] ljrf/ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M


:jf:Yo ;]jf:ynut cWoog ubf{ pQ/bftfx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ # blnt hftsf

dflg;x¿lj?4 u}/blnt / slyt dflyNnf] hftsf :jf:YosdL{x¿n] :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg] sfddf lje]b ub{5g\ -tflnsf #=^, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf #_ .

tflnsf #=^ :Jff:Yodf 5'jf5"t ef]Ug afWo blntx¿sf hftx¿qmd ;ª\Vof



! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

!

:jf:Yorf}sL / c:ktfndf blnt lj/fdLnfO{ k:g lbOFb}g

) !* ) ) !* ) !& ) ! !*

@:jf:YosdL{x¿ blntsf] 3/df k:b}gg\

# !# @ ) !* ) !& ) ! !*

#

:jf:Yo k/LIf0f ubf{ :jf:Yorf}sL jf c:ktfnsf :jf:YosdL{x¿n] blnt lj/fdLsf] z/L/ 5F+b}gg\

) !* ) ) !* ) !& ) ! !*

$

:jf:YosdL{x¿n] blnt lj/fdLnfO{ cf}ifwL, vfg]kfgL lbFb}gg\

# !@ # ) !* ! !$ ! @ !*

%

blnt lj/fdLx¿nfO{ :jf:YosdL{x¿sf] 3/df jf cf}ifwL k;ndf k:g lbFb}gg\

# !@ # ) !* ! !$ ! @ !*

^

blnt :jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{ u}/blnt lj/fdLsf] 3/df k:g lbOFb}g

! !^ ! ) !* ) !^ ) @ !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .;+s]t M !ÖljBdfg Jojxf/, @ÖJojxf/df gePsf], #ÖJojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg ufx|f], $Ö

nfu" gx'g] jf c;fGble{s

cGt/hftLo ljjfxz/L/ rf]vf] / h'7f] x'g] cjwf/0ffn] ubf{ 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/n] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf]

5 . blnt;Fu x'g] cGt/hftLo ljjfx a9L ;d:ofu|:t 5 . /fHo, u}/blnt / blntx¿n] blntx¿;Fusf] cGt/hftLo ljjfxdf hf]8 lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . :ynut cWoogaf6 cfPsf]


tYofª\s o; k|sf/ 5 -tflnsf #=&, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf $_ M

• blnt s]6Lx¿;Fu cGt/hftLo ljjfx ePsf] cj:yfdf ljjfx ug]{ u}/blnt s]6fnfO{ s]6fsf] afa'cfdfn] g} lje]b ub{5g\ . :ynut cWoogsf a]nf pQ/bftfx¿n] o:tf] lje]b ef]Ug'k/]sf] blntx¿sf hftx¿ !@ kfOof] .

• slyt tNnf] hftsf blnt s]6Lx¿;Fu cGt/hftLo ljjfx ePsf] cj:yfdf ljjfx ug]{ slyt dflyNnf] hftsf] blnt s]6fnfO{ s]6fsf] afafcfdfn] g} lje]b ub{5g\ . :ynut cWoogsf a]nf pQ/bftfx¿n] o:tf] lje]b ef]Ug'k/]sf blntx¿sf hftx¿ & kfOof] .

• slyt dflyNnf] hftsf blntn] slyt tNnf] hftsf blntnfO{ eGbf u}/blntn] blntsf lj?4 ;fdflhs alxisf/, 3/ k|j]zdf lgif]w / ;DklQdflysf] clwsf/af6 alxis/0f ub{5g\ .

tflnsf #=& cGt/hftLo ljjfx x'“bf lje]bdf kg]{ blnt hftx¿qmd ;ª\Vof



! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

!

blnt;Fu cGt/hftLo ljjfx x'Fbf u}/blnt s]6flj?4 x'g] lje]b

!@ ! ! $ !* & @ ) ( !*

@

cGt/hftLo ljjfx xF+'bf afa'cfdfn] 5f]/fnfO{ k}t[s ;DklQ glbg]

^ @ $ ^ !* @ % ) !! !*

#

5f]/f / a'xf/LdWo] 5f]/fnfO{ 3/ k:g lbg] t/ a'xf/LnfO{ k:g glbg]

& ) # * !* # @ ) !# !*

$cGt/hftLo ljjfx ug]{ hf]8LnfO{ ;fdflhs alxisf/

* @ @ ^ !* @ # ) !# !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .;+s]t M ! Ö ljBdfg Jojxf/, @ Ö Jojxf/df gePsf], #ÖJojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg ufxf|], $Önfu" gx'g] jf c;fGble{s

ljleGg ;d'xx¿df hftLo lje]bsf] ;#gtf af/]sf wf/-ff:ynut cWoogaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ !% hftsf blntx¿n] u}/blntx¿af6


rsf]{ hftLo lje]b ef]Ug'k/]sf] b]lvof] -tflnsf #=*, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf $_ . :ynut cWoogsf a]nf pQ/bftfx¿n] dw];sf a}Zox¿af6 eGbf klg a|fXd0f jf afx'gx¿af6 rsf]{ hftLo lje]b ePsf] atfP . pQ/bftfx¿n] atfPcg';f/ Pp6f hftsf blntx¿n] dfq cflbjf;L hghfltx¿af6 rsf]{ hftLo lje]b ef]Ug] u/]sf 5g\ .

tflnsf #=* ljleGg ;d'x¿sf hftLo lje]bsf] ;3gtf af/]sf wf/0ffs|d ;ª\Vof



! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

!

blntnfO{ cflbjf;L hghfltn] eGbf afx'g–If]qLn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

* @ ) * !* ! # ) !$ !*

@

blntnfO{ dw];sf a}Zon] eGbf afx'g–If]qLn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

!@ ! ) % !* ) # ) !% !*

#

blntnfO{ dw];sf d';ndfgn] eGbf afx'g–If]qLn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

( @ ! ^ !* ) # ) !% !*

$

blntnfO{ afx'g–If]qLn] eGbf cflbjf;L hghfltn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

# * ! ^ !* ) # ) !% !*

%

blntnfO{ afx'g–If]qLn] eGbf dw];sf a}Zon] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

@ !! ) % !* ) # ) !% !*


^

blntnfO{ afx'g–If]qLn] eGbf t/fO{sf d';ndfgn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

@ !) ) ^ !* ) # ) !% !*

&

blntnfO{ blntn] eGbf t/fO{sf d';ndfgn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

!% ! ! ! !* ) $ ) !$ !*

*

blntnfO{ u}/blntn] eGbf blntn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

! !% ! ! !* ) % ! !@ !*

(

blnt dlxnfnfO{ blnt k'?ifn] eGbf u}/blntn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

!@ ) ^ ) !* ! % ) !@ !*

!)

blnt dlxnfnfO{ u}/blntn] eGbf blntn] rsf]{ lje]b ub{5g\

# !# ! ! !* ) % ) !# !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .)&;+s]t M !ÖljBdfg Jojxf/, @ÖJojxf/df gePsf], #ÖJojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg ufx|f],

$Önfu" gx'g] jf c;fGble{s


cWofo – $

/fHo, hft / dfgjclwsf/

of] cWofo gful/s ;dfhsf ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] e"ldsf, ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx¿, gLltx¿ / clxn]sf] cj:yfsf] 5f]6f] Oltxf;df s]lGb|t 5 .

;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx¿

g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs Oltxf; ;g\ !($* b]lv ;'? ePsf] xf] . clxn] g]kfndf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hgj/L !$, @))& b]lv nfu" ePsf] 5 . o;eGbf cl3sf ;+ljwfgx¿sf] ;|f]t /fhf lyof] eg] of] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgb]lv ;+ljwfgsf] ;|f]t ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fHo;Qfn] ;DkGg g]kfnL gful/sx¿ ePsf 5g\ . hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo ug{sf nflu ePsf ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx¿sf] 5f]6s/L cjnf]sg o; k|sf/ 5 M

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] P]g, !($* M of] P]gdf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{] s'g} k|fjwfgx¿ lyPgg\ . wf/f $ df k"hfcfhfsf] :jtGqtfsf] xs, sfg'gsf] cufl8 ;dfgtf, ;:tf] / 5l/tf] Gofonufotsf clwsf/x¿sf] Joj:yf eP klg hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bdf cfwfl/t ;g\ !*%$ sf] d'n'sL P]g nfu" eO/x]sfn] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{ vf;} sfd x'g ;s]g .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, !(%! M gLltlgb]{zs l;4fGtdf s]xL k|fjwfgx¿ /flvPsf] eP klg hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug]{ jf 36fpg] k|fjwfgx¿ lyPgg\ .

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, !(%* M of] ;+ljwfgn] df}lns clwsf/x¿df :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf cflbnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 / wf/f $ sf] pkwf/f ! / @ df sfg'gsf] cufl8 ;a} ;dfg 5g\ / sfg'gsf] k|of]u ubf{ wd{, lnª\u, gZn, hft jf hfltsf cfwf/df lje]b ul/g] 5}g eg] klg hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] lyof] . hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf] cGTo ug{ jf 36fpgsf nflu ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx¿ lyPgg\ .

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, !(^@ M lg/ª\s'z lgb{nLo k~rfotL zf;gsf k|jt{s /fhf dx]Gb|n] hf/L u/]sf] of] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !) df ;/sf/L / cGo ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx¿df lnª\u, gZn, hft jf hfltsf cfwf/df s'g} k|sf/sf lje]bx¿ ul/g] 5}g, ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df Jojxf/ ul/g]5 eGg] pNn]v 5 . ;g\ !(^# sf] d'n'sL P]gdf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo ul/of] elgof] t/ d'n'sL P]g o;af/] r'krfk /x]sfn] hftLo 5'jf5"tn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] lyof] .

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, !(() M ;g\ !(() sf] hgcfGbf]ngn] lg/ª\s'z


lgb{nLo k~rfotL /fhgLlts Joj:yfnfO{ 9fn]/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq;lxtsf] ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs Joj:yf :yfkgf ePkl5 ;+ljwfg ;'emfa cfof]un] tof/ kf/]sf] ;+ljwfg cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] kl/dfh{g u/L /fhf jL/]Gb|n] nfu" ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . of] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !! df ;dfgtfsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] lyof] . ;a} gful/s sfg'gsf] b[li6df ;dfg 5 eGb} ;fdfGo sfg'gsf] k|of]udf s'g} klg gful/sx¿nfO{ wd{, j0f{, lnª\u, hft jf j}rfl/s cf:yf jf tLdWo] s'g} s'/fsf cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g eGg] pNn]v 5 . wf/f !! sf] ;dfgtfsf] xssf] pkwf/f $ df …s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hfltkfltsf cfwf/df 5'jf5"tsf] e]befj ul/g] jf ;fj{hlgs :yndf pkl:yt x'g jf ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf s'/fx¿ k|of]u ug{af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g . o:tf] sfo{ sfg'gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5Ú eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf] lyof] t/ Jojxf/df k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog gePsf]n] hftLo 5'jf5"tn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @))& M P]ltxfl;s hgfcfGbf]ng efu b'O{n] g]kfnL hgtfx¿nfO{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fHo;Qfn] ;DkGg ub}{ /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ;dfj]zL tl/sfn] ug]{ DofG8]6 lbPsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfWodaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg agfP/ /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;+sNk u/]sf] lyof] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldltdf ePsf ^ hgfdWo] Pshgf dw];Lafx]s afFsL ;a} kxf8L afx'g–If]qL k'?if dfq ePsf]n] ljleGg ;d'bfox¿sf] bafakl5 ( hgf ;b:o yk ubf{;d]t Pshgf klg blnt kg{ ;s]sf] lyPg . d:of}bf ;ldltsf] sfo{sfn ;lsg} nfu]sf] a]nf Pshgf blnt ;b:o ylkPsf] lyof] . !^ hgf ;b:odWo] ! hgf dfq blnt ePsfn] blntsf ;jfn k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;Daf]wg x'g;Sg] cj:yf g} /x]g . blntsf ljleGg ;+3–;+:yf / JolQmx¿n] d:of}bf ;ldltnfO{ lnlvt ;'emfa a'emfPsf lyP . w]/} an u/]kl5 dfq blnt gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿n] d:of}bf ;ldltsf ;+of]hs;Fu e]6 u/]/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ;d]l6g'kg]{ blnt ;jfnx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf s]xL ;jfnx¿sf] ;Daf]wg eof] t/ sltko ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{tfx¿n] a]jf:tf u/] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hgj/L !$, @))& b]lv nfu" ePsf] 5 . of] ;+ljwfg;efn] gofF ;+ljwfg agfP/ nfu" gubf{;Dd sfod /xG5 / gofF ;+ljwfg agfpgsf nflu b'O{b]lv c9fO jif{;Ddsf] ;dofjlwsf] Joj:yf 5 .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# -O{=;+= @))&_ df blntsf af/]df /flvPsf k|fjwfgx¿ lgDg 5g\ M

• k|:tfjgfdf b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}ª\l+us ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;+sNk ul/Psf] 5 .

• wf/f $ n] wd{lg/k]If /fHosf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .


gful/stf;DaGwL wf/f * sf] pkwf/f @ cg';f/ …of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] b]xfosf] JolQm j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{5 M

-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm,

-v_ s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] afa' jf cfdf g]kfnL gful/s /x]5 eg] To:tf] JolQm .Ú

• wf/f !# df ;dfgtfsf] xssf] pkwf/f @ df …;fdfGo sfg'gsf] k|of]udf s'g} klg gful/sdfly wd{, j0f{, lnË, hft, hflt, pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s cf:yf jf tLdWo] s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}gÚ / pkwf/f # df …/fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, lnË, pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s cf:yf jf tLdWo] s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}gÚ t/ …dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L jf ls;fg, dhb'/ jf cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf] ju{ jf afns, j[4 tyf ckfË jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ¿kn] czQm JolQmsf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf] nflu sfg'gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}gÚ eg]sf] 5 .

• wf/f !$ df= 5'jf5"t tyf hftLo e]befjlj?4sf] xsdf lgDg k|fjwfgx¿ 5g\ M

o -!_ sg} klg JolQmnfO{ hft, j+z, ;d'bfo jf k]zfsf cfwf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] 5'jf5"t tyf hftLo e]befj ul/g] 5}g . o:tf] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8t JolQmn] sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f ePadf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .

o -@_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hfthfltsf] cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf /x]sf ;]jf, ;'ljwf jf pkof]usf s'/fx¿ k|of]u ug{af6 jf ;fj{hlgs :yn jf ;fj{hlgs wfld{s :yndf k|j]z ug{ jf wfld{s sfo{ ug{af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .

o -#_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf jf j:t' s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ vl/b jf k|fKt ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL– ljt/0f ul/g] 5}g .

o -$_ s'g} hft, hflt jf pTklQsf JolQm jf JolQmx¿sf] ;d'xsf] pFrgLr b;f{pg], hft, hfltsf] cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf hftLo ;jf{]Rrtf jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug{] jf hftLo lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

o -%_ pkwf/f -@_, -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg'gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .


o @!= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsdf …cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L ;d'bfo, pTkLl8t ju{, ul/a ls;fg / dhb'/nfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgfdf ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g]5Ú eg]sf] 5 .

• wf/f @! @!= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs M

o cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L ;d'bfo,

o pTkLl8t ju{, ul/a ls;fg / dhb'/nfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgfdf ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g]5 .

• wf/f @( df zf]if0flj?4sf] xsdf lgDg k|fjwfg 5 M

o -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0flj?4sf] xs x'g]5 .

o -@_ k|yf, k/Dk/f / k|rngsf] gfddf jf s'g} klg lsl;dn] s;}nfO{ zf]if0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

o -#_ dflg;nfO{ a]rlavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g .

o -$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5flj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .

t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{ clgjfo{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg] sfg'g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

owf/f ## df b]xfoadf]lhdsf sfg'gL afWotf gePsf blntsf ;jfn;+u ;DaGwLt /fHosf] bfloTjx¿ pNn]v 5g\ M

o -3_ juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo e]befjsf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, pTkLl8t, pk]lIft / cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfo, lk5l8Psf If]qnufotsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ /fHosf] jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs / cu|ufdL k'g;+{/rgf ug]{,

o -em_ ;'s'Daf;L, sd}of, xlnof, x?jfr?jfnufotsf cfly{s, ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sf ju{nfO{ hUufnufot cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt lng],

o -9_ ;a} lje]bsf/L sfg'gsf] cGTo ug]{,

• wf/f #$ df /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿ dWo] blntsf ;jfn;+u ;DaGwLt sfg'gL afWotf gePsf Joj:yfx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M


o -$_ b]zdf pknAw cfly{s ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ ;Lldt JolQmx¿df s]lGb|t x'g glbO{ ;fdflhs Gofosf] cfwf/df cfly{s pknlAwsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ s'g} klg hflt, lnË, ju{, pTklQ jf JolQmpk/ cfly{s zf]if0f x'g gkfpg] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s c;dfgtf x6fpFb} :jb]zL lghL Pj+ ;fj{hlgs pBdLnfO{ k|fyldstf / k|>o lbO{ /fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ :jtGq, cfTdlge{/ Pj+ pGgltzLn u/fpg' /fHosf] d'ne"t cfly{s p2]Zo x'g]5 .

o -%_ ;a} lsl;dsf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs c;dfgtf x6fO{ ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, efiff, j0f{, ;d'bfo / ;Dk|bfosf aLr ;fd~h:o :yfkgf u/L Gofo / g}ltstfdf cfwfl/t :j:y ;fdflhs hLjgsf] :yfkgf / ljsf; ug{' /fHosf] ;fdflhs p2]Zo x'g]5 .

• wf/f #% df /fHosf gLltx¿ eg]/ sfg'gL afWotf gePsf Joj:yfx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

-!)_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfB;Dk|e'tf / /f]huf/Ldf lglZrt ;dosf nflu cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kn] lk5l8Psf cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, blntnufot ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lgsf dhb'/–ls;fgsf] pTyfg ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-!$_ /fHon] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, d'l:ndnufot cNk;ª\Vos, e"ldxLg, ;'s'Daf;L, sd}of, ckfË, lk5l8Psf If]q tyf ;d'bfo / åGåkLl8tsf nflu ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug]{5 .

• wf/f $% sf] pkwf/f ! sf] …uÚ df Joj:yflksf–;+;b\sf] u7g M

o -u_ ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{, hgjuL{o tyf k]zfut ;Ë7g, pTkLl8t hflt, lk5l8Psf] If]q,

• wf/f ^# df ;+ljwfg;efsf] u7gdf …/fhgLlts bnx¿n] pDd]bjf/ rog ubf{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtnfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{5 / v08 -v_ adf]lhd /fhgLlts bnx¿n] pDd]bjf/x¿ ;"rLs[t ubf{ dlxnf, blnt, pTkLl8t hflt÷cflbjf;L hghflt, lk5l8Psf] If]q, dw];Lnufot cGo ju{;d]tsf] sfg'gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj u/fpg'kg]{5Ú eg]sf] 5 .

• wf/f !#* df /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgfsf] pkwf/f ! df …juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo e]befjsf] cGTo ug{ /fHosf] s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo zf;gk|0ffnL;lxtsf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ul/g]5Ú eg]sf] 5 .


• /fhgLlts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg'kg{] eGg] wf/f !$@ sf] pkwf/f # sf] …uÚ df …ljleGg :t/sf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltdf dlxnf, blntnufot pk]lIft / pTkLl8t If]qsf ;b:ox¿;d]t /xg] ;dfj]zL Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g'k5{Ú eg]sf] 5 .

• cfof]usf] u7g;DaGwL wf/f !%$ df …g]kfn ;/sf/n] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, ckfË, dhb'/ jf ls;fgnufot ljljw If]qsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ug{ cfjZos cfof]ux¿ u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf cfof]ux¿sf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f ePadf]lhd x'g]5Ú eg]sf] 5 .

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg nfu" ePsf] %$ lbg cyf{t\ dfr{ (, @))& df klxnf] ;+zf]wg ePsf] lyof] . wf/f !#* df ;+zf]wg u/]/ PsfTds /fHonfO{ ;+3Lo /fHodf kl/0ft u/]sf] lyof] . wf/f ## sf] pkwf/f …uÚ df ;+zf]wg u/]/ blnt / cGo cfGbf]ngn] dfu u/]adf]lhd ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu x'g] lgjf{rgdf k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL gckgfP/ ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLcGtu{t k|yd x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g]afx]s ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgdf blntsf nflu !# k|ltzt / To;dWo]af6 blnt dlxnfsf nflu %) k|ltzt 5'6\ofOPsf] lyof] .

P]g / gLltx¿

g]kfndf klxnf]k6s ;a} efudf nfu" ePsf] sfg'g /fhf ;'/]Gb|ljqmd / k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffsf] kfnfsf] ;g\ !*%$ sf] d'n'sL P]g lyof] . ;Dk"0f{ sfg'g hftkftsf] cfwf/df ag]sf] lyof] . ;a} hgtfx¿nfO{ rf/ hftdf afFl8Psf] lyof] . ;a}eGbf dfly tfufwf/L To;kl5 qmdzM dtjfnL, kfgL grNg] 5f]Ol56f] xfNg' gkg]{ / ;a}eGbf tn kfgL grNg] 5f]Ol56f] xfNg'kg]{ hft lyof] . tfufwf/Lx¿ pkfWofo, k"jL{of, s'dfO{, If]qL, h};Lnufotdf afFl8Psf] lyof] . dtjfnLnfO{ gdfl;g] / dfl;g] u/L b'O{yl/df afFl8Psf] lyof] . rf/ hft / hftleqsf] pkhft klg pFr / gLrsf] cfwf/df afFl8Psf] lyof] . d'n'sL P]gdf ljleGg hftsf nflu 5'§} Joj:yf klg lyof] . h:t} M h};L afx'gsf], tfufwf/L If]qL hftsf], gdfl;g] dtjfnL hftsf], dfl;g] dtjfnL hftsf], kfgL grNg] 5f]Ol56f] xfNg' gkg]{ hftsf], kfgL grNg] 5f]Ol56f] xfNg'kg]{ hftsf] cflb . hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bnfO{ sfg'gL x}l;ot lbOPsf] / sfg'gsf] pNnª\3gnfO{ b08gLo agfOPsf]n] blntx¿lj?4 hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf] Jojxf/ a9]/ uPsf] lyof] . /fHon] ;+:yfut / qmda4 tl/sfn] blntx¿sf] ;Ddfgdfly rf]6 k'¥ofPsf], alxis/0fdf kf/]sf], zf]if0f, bdg tyf pTkL8gdf kf/]sf], gLltlg0f{o k|lqmof, ;|f]t tyf ljsf;sf cj;/x¿df sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut ¿kdf kx'F+r / lgoGq0f x'gaf6 jl~rt u/]sf] lyof] . blntlj?4 5'jf5"t ug{ gdfGg] slyt dflyNnf hftsf dflg;x¿nfO{ ;fdflhs alxisf/ ug]{ k|rng lyof] . Pp6} k|s[ltsf] ck/fwdf slyt dflyNnf hftsf ck/fwLx¿n] sd / blnt ck/fwLx¿n] ;a}eGbf a9L ;hfo kfpg] Joj:yf lyof] . blntx¿ dfgjljsf; ;"rfª\s ;a}df tn kg{'df /fHosf]


blntlj?4sf gLlt, sfg'g tyf sfo{qmdx¿ k|d'v ¿kdf lhDd]jf/ 5g\ .

!)$ jif{ nfdf] hxflgofF /f0ffzf;gsf] cGTokl5 ;g\ !(%) df nf]stGq cfP klg hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befjsf] kIfkftL k'/fgf] d'n'sL P]gnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOof] t/ kl5 ;g\ !(^# df /fhf dx]Gb|n] gofF d'n'sL P]g hf/L u/]/ hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo u/]sf] bfaL u/] klg hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b ug]{x¿sf lj?4 s8f b08sf] Joj:yf gePsfn] wfld{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, /fhgLlts / sfg'gL If]qdf ljBdfg hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{ k|efjxLg /x\of] . ;j{JofkL ;+:yfut ax'cfoflds hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bnfO{ cGTo ug{sf nflu s'g} k|f]T;fxg jf lje]bsf/Lx¿nfO{ b'?T;fxgsf] Joj:yf ePg . /fHon] blnt ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu s'g} ljz]if cfly{s / /fhgLlts sfo{qmdx¿ Nofpg] sfd u/]g . gofF d'n'sL P]gn] kfgL, vfg]s'/f / z/L/ cflbdf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b ug]{x¿nfO{ sdhf]/ kfg]{ sfd eof] . blntx¿ lxGb" j0f{Joj:yf / slyt dflyNnf hft / cflbjf;L hghfltx¿;Fu cfkm\gf] cl:tTjsf] /Iff / hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu lge{/ /x]sfn] pgLx¿n] ug]{ hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf lj?4 ;zQm ;ª\3if{ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /x]g . oL sf/0fn] ubf{ blnt d'lQmsf] cleofgn] nfdf] ;do lnPsf] kfOG5 -g]kfndf blntsf] l:ylt ljZn]if0f, @))@ M $(_ .

;g\ !(() df hgcfGbf]ngdfkm{t\ k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf ePkl5 a]nfotL ;+;bLo Joj:yf ckgfpg] sfd eof] . k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6«o ;ef P]g–sfg'g agfpg lhDd]jf/ eP klg k|ltlglw ;efdf lgjf{lrt blnt k|ltlglwTj gx'g' / /fli6«o ;efdf Psfw blntx¿sf] dfq pkl:ylt ePsf]n] ;+;b\n] blntsf kIfdf vf;} s]xL sfd ug{ ;s]g . ;+;b\n] blntsf nflu u/]sf s]xL pNn]vgLo sfdx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

• ;f+;b kl/ yfkfn] blnt ljw]osnfO{ u}/;/sf/L ljw]ossf ¿kdf btf{ u/] klg of] ljw]osnfO{ ;+;b\åf/f t'xfpg] sfd eof] .

• g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] eft[ ;ª\u7g g]kfn blnt ;+3n] ;g\ @))@ df blnt pTyfg tyf ;+/If0f ljw]osnfO{ ;+;b\df k|:t't ug]{ k|lta4tf sf+u|];n] ;g\ !((( sf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf JoQm u/]cg';f/ k|lqmof k'¥ofpg ;/sf/n] sfg'g, lzIff / cy{ dGqfnox¿df k7fP/ oL dGqfnox¿sf] ;xdlt k|fKt eO;s]kl5 dlGqkl/ifb\n] 5nkmn u/L ;+;b\df k|:t't ug{ tof/ ePsf] cj:yfdf /fhfn] ;+;b\ lj36g ul/bPsfn] layf]lnof] -ljZjsdf{ @))# M %&–%*_ .

• To:t} u/]/ /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] ljw]os ;g\ @))# df tof/ u/]sfdf ;+;b\df k|:t't ug{'cl3 g} /fhfn] ;+;b\sf] lj36g ul/lbPsfn] TolQs} t'x]/ uof] .

• blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3n] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& -;g\ !(()_df


klxnf] ;+zf]wg ljw]os / cf/If0f ljw]os ;g\ @))% df ;/sf/ / ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ a'emfPsf] lyof] t/ ;+;b\ lj36g ePsfn] of] sfddf s'g} k|ult x'g ;s]g .

• 5'jf5"tlj?4 jlsnx¿sf] /fli6«o cleofg -Nofgsfp_ n] ;g\ @))^ df hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] ck/fwlj?4 sfg'gsf] d:of}bf ljw]os tof/ u/]sf] lyof] / blnt ;jfnx¿ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ;d]6\g cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldltnfO{ blntsf b[li6sf]0faf6 cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf a'emfPsf] lyof] . ;+;b\ gePsfn] ljw]ossf] sfd cl3 a9]g . d:of}bf ;+ljwfgdf lbOPsf ;'emfax¿dfly d:of}bf ;ldltn] vf;} Wofg lbPg .

;g\ !(() b]lv ;g\ @))@ ;Dd rn]sf] ax'bnLo ;+;bLo /fhgLlts Joj:yfdf ;+;b\leq / aflx/af6 hftLo 5'jf5"t tyf e]befj cGTo ug{sf nflu h] hlt k|of; eP klg Pp6} klg ljw]os ;+;b\df k|:t't ePg . ;dfhdf hfg]/ jf ghfg]/, lgotj; jf ljgflgot tyf yfxf kfP/ jf gkfP/ hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befjn] lg/Gt/tf kfO/x\of] . o:tf] cj:yf lglZrt ¿kdf ;+f;bx¿n] blntsf ;jfndf vf;} ;+j]bgzLntf gb]vfPsf]n] klg cfPsf] xf] . ;g\ !(%) b]lv !(%&, !(%& b]lv !(^), !(^) b]lv !(() / !(() b]lv @))@ ;Dd ePsf Joj:yflksfdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj qmdzM #, !, % / ( dfq /x]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !(() kl5sf] afx| jif{sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf tNnf] ;bg cyf{t\ k|ltlglw ;efdf Pshgf dfq blntsf] k|ltlglwTj lyof] eg] dflyNnf] ;bg cyf{t\ /fli6«o ;efdf * hgf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj lyof] t/ tL * dWo] klg @ hgf /fhfaf6 dgf]lgt lyP . ljutdf ePsf !* hgf ;f+;b jf ljwflosfx¿dWo] dlxnf Pshgf klg lyPgg\ eg] t/fO{sf blntx¿ @ hgf lyP . clxn];Dd Pshgf dw];L blnt dfq dflyNnf] ;bg cyf{t\ /fli6«o ;efsf pkfWoIf ePsf lyP .

blntsf ;jfnx¿k|lt Joj:yflksf dfq geP/ sfo{kflnsf klg plQs} pbfl;g / c;+j]bgzLn /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] x'g'sf] Pp6f k|d'v sf/0f sfo{kflnsfdf blntx¿sf] pkl:ylt guGo dfqfdf ePsf]n] xf] . clxn];Dd blnt ;d'bfoaf6 dGqL x'g] & hgfdWo] Pshgf ;g\ !(&$, !(&% / !(*$ df # k6s dGqL eP . k~rfotsfndf blnt ;d'bfoaf6 % hgf dGqL ePsf lyP . & hgf dGqLdWo] Pshgf /fHodGqLafx]s afFsL ^ hgf ;xfosdGqL ePsf lyP . blnt dlxnf tyf t/fO{sf blnt Pshgf klg dGqL ePsf 5}gg\ .

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tflnsf $=# ljwflosf–;+;b\df blnt dlxnf / k'?ifsf] k|ltlglwTj

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hgcfGbf]ng efu b'O{kl5 ag]sf] cGtl/d ljwflosf–;+;b\df ^ hgf blnt dlxnf / ^ hgf dw];L blnt;lxt hDdf #^ hgf blnt dlxnf ljwfos–;f+;b x'g' P]ltxfl;s 36gf xf] -tflnsf $=$ / tflnsf $=%_ . /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] klxrfg u/]sf] @@ blnt ;d'bfodWo] ^ ;d'bfo, ljZjsdf{ -$$=% k|ltzt_, kl/of/ -bdfO{_ -!(=% k|ltzt_, ;fsL{ -!!=@ k|ltzt_, kf;jfg -b';fw_ -!!=@ k|ltzt_, d';x/ -@=& k|ltzt_ / rdf/ -@=& k|ltzt_ af6 dfq ljwflosf–;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ePsf] 5 .

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/fli6«o ;efsf k"j{ ;f+;b dgaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ / dgf]x/nfn ad/]nn] ;g\ !((@ df hftLo 5'jf5"tlj?4sf sfg'gx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf l/6 lgj]bg lbPsf lyP . pQm l/6sf] km};nf ubf{ cbfntn] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b ug]{ bf]if k|dfl0ft ePdf bf]ifLnfO{ ?= tLg xhf/ hl/jfgf jf Ps jif{ s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf eof] . of] km};nfnfO{ blntcfGbf]ngn] ;sf/fTds ¿kdf lnof] . cGtl/d ljwflosf–;+;b\n] g]kfnnfO{ 5'jf5"td'Qm If]qsf] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 cS6f]a/ !$, @))^ df d'n'sL P]gsf] ;+zf]wg ubf{ pQm ;hfo # jif{;Ddsf] s}b / ?= @%,))) ;Dd hl/jfgf ug]{ u/L a9fPsf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))# df hftLo 5'jf5"t;DaGwL d'2fdf ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]5 eg]/ 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ph'/L -Public Interest


Litigation) sf] d'2f x\jfQ} a9]/ uPsf] 5 . blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3n] ;g\ @))$ b]lv @))^ sf] cjlwdf !( j6f 5'jf5"tlj?4 jlsnx¿sf] /fli6«o cleofg -Nofgsfp_ n] ^ j6f d'2f ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf bfo/ u/]sf lyP .

blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3n] btf{ u/]sf d'2fx¿ ufnL a]OHhlt / 3/]n' lx+;fh:tf s'6lk6 / lje]b;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . cGo d'2fx¿df cGt/hftLo ljjfx, j}jflxs ;DaGw, kf/kfr's], ;DklQdf ljjfb, hGd btf{, anfTsf/ jf anfTsf/sf] k|of;, rf]/Lsf] cf/f]k, 7uL, xTof jf xTofsf] k|of; cflb 5g\ -tflnsf $=^_ . blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3n] btf{ u/]sf $@ d'2fx¿df km};nf u/]sfdWo] $@ k|ltzt ;sf/fTds / @! k|ltzt gsf/fTds lyof] -tflnsf $=&_ . Nofgsfpn] btf{ u/]sf !@ j6f d'2fx¿dWo] b'O{ltxfOhltdf ;sf/fTds km};nf ePsf] lyof] . clxn] & j6f d'2fx¿ km};nf x'g afFsL 5 .

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blntlj1x¿sf cg';f/ alxis/0f, 5'jf5"t, lgif]w / k[ySs/0fnufot blntsf lj?4 x'g] e]befjhGo sfg'gx¿sf] ;ª\Vof %* j6f 5g\ -tfd|fsf/, @))%_ . ePsf sfg'gsf] lkmtnf] sfof{Gjogn] blntx¿df lg/fzf 5fPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))# df hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] d'2fnfO{ ;/sf/jfbL 3f]if0ff ug{' s]xL jif{cl3b]lv g} blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3, g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;]jf ;+3, 5'jf5"tlj?4 jlsnx¿sf] /fli6«o cleofg, /fli6«o blnt ;~hfn, blnt ljsf; / sfg'gnufotsf blntsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] d'2f bfo/ ug{ yfln;s]sf lyP . blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 ;a}eGbf klxnf] ;+:yf xf] h;n] hftLo lje]bsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ lgMz'Ns ;]jf lbg ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . o;afx]s dxf;+3n] d'2f bfo/ ug]{, cWoog–cg';Gwfg ug]{, r]tgf hfu/0f ug]{ / k|sfzg ug]{nufotsf sfdx¿ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))^ df dxf;+3n] @)( j6f d'2fdf sfd u/]sf] lyof] -l8=Pg=Pkm= @))&_ . Nofgsfp / Pg=Pg=8L=P;=8An'=cf]=n] klg cGo d'2fx¿ bfo/ u/]sf lyP . o:tf d'2fx¿ x]g]{ sfd :yfgLo k|zf;g / :yfgLo cbfntsf sfg'ga]Qfx¿n] ub{5g\ t/ oL 7fpFx¿df blntsf] s'g} pkl:ylt 5}g . To;}n] pgLx¿n] o:tf d'2fx¿nfO{ Wofgk"j{s gx]/]/ ;se/ cfk;L d]nldnfkaf6 ldnfpg sf]l;; ub{5g\ . To;}n] o:tf d'2fx¿ btf{ ePsf] ;ª\Vof cToGt Go"g 5 . ;g\ @))# b]lv @))% ;Dddf hDdf @ j6f d'2f bfo/ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;g\ @))^ df Pp6} klg bfo/ ePsf] lyPg -ljZjsdf{, @))&_ .

blnt dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\u7gn] k|x/L k|zf;gn] hftLo lje]bsf] d'2fnfO{ s;/L lng] ub{5g\ eg]/ ;g\ @))% df u/]sf] cfwf//]vf ;j]{If0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;j]{If0fn] b]vfPcg';f/ $^ k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]blj?4sf sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿sf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L /x]g5 . $* k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] eg]cg';f/ k|x/L k|zf;gn] k"jf{u|xL eP/ o:tf d'2fx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg] ub}{gg\ . &$ k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿nfO{ o:tf] d'2fdf Gofosf nflu sxfF hfg] / s] ug]{ eGg] k|lqmofx¿sf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L /x]g5 . $=# k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿ o:tf] lje]b ef]Ubf k|x/L k|zf;gdf hfg] /x]5g\ . k"jf{~rnsf PsltxfO /


klZrdf~rnsf !$=# k|ltzt pQ/bftfx¿n] k|x/Laf6 klxnf] ;"rgf k|ltj]bg -First Information Report) lng] u/]sf] atfP . ;j]{If0fn] b]vfPcg';f/ k|x/Ln] lhNnf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodf Pp6} klg cf/f]k btf{ u/]sf] lyPg -blnt dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\u7g, @))%_ .

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blnt ;d'bfosf dWo] Onfdsf sfn] bdfO{, t]x|y'dsf uf]kfn nDh]nn] JolQmut tj/df hftLo 5'jf5"tlj?4 n8]sf lyP .

;g\ !($& cl3 /fHo / gful/s ;dfhaf6 hftLo 5'jf5"tlj?4 vf;} ;ª\ul7t k|of; ePg . ;j{hLt ljZjsdf{n] ;g\ !($& df ;j{hg ;+3 :yfkgf u/]kl5 ;ª\ul7t k|of; ;'? ePsf] lyof] / hftLo 5'jf5"tsf lj?4 ;ª\ul7t cfjfh p7fpg yfn] . ;g\ !(%) b]lv !(() sf] cjlwdf slt hftLo ;+:yf cfP slt uP . lg/ª\s'z lgb{nLo k~rfotL Joj:yf /xFbf klg blntx¿n] ;+:yf vf]n]/ hftLo 5'jf5"tlj?4 ;ª\3if{ u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !(() sf] hgcfGbf]ngn] ax'bnLo /fhgLlts Joj:yf NofPkl5 ljleGg k|sf/sf blnt ;+3;+:yfx¿n] blntsf xsclwsf/sf nflu n8\b} cfPsf 5g\ . oL ;+3;+:yfx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M s= /fhgLlts bnx¿sf eft[ jf elugL ;ª\u7gx¿, v= blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿, u= hftLo ;+3;+:yfx¿, 3= k]zfut ;+3;+:yfx¿ / ª= ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿ .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] :yfkgf u/]sf ;+3;+:yfx¿df ;g\ !((& df g]kfn pk]lIft, pTkLl8t tyf blnt ju{ pTyfg /fli6«o ;ldlt / ;g\ @))@ df /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / ljleGg dGqfnox¿, :yfgLo lgsfox¿n] blntsf nflu s]xL k|of; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . låkIfLo, ax'kIfLo cGt/f{li6«o bft[ lgsfox¿, cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yfx¿n] blntclwsf/sf ;DaGwdf sfd ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

ljleGg JolQm / ;+3;+:yfx¿n] r]tgf hfu/0f, blnt ;zQmLs/0f, blntsf] l:ylt ljZn]if0f cflbsf] dfWodåf/f ;Sbf] of]ubfg lbPsf] kfOG5 .

g]kfn pk]lIft, pTkLl8t tyf blnt ju{ pTyfg /fli6«o ;ldlt M of] ;ldlt ;/sf/n] ;g\ !((& df :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t blntnfO{ nlIft u/L ;/sf/n] 5'6\ofPsf] ah]6cg';f/sf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ :yfkgf u/]sf] lyof] . of] ;ldltn] blnt


ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ, cfocfh{g, ;r]tgf, hfu/0fnufotsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfn} cfP/ &% lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx¿df blnt pTyfg lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltx¿sf] u7g ePsf] 5 . gjf}++ -!((&–@))@_ / bzf}++ -@))@–@))&_ of]hgfdf blntsf nflu nlIft sfo{qmdx¿ /flvof] t/ sfof{Gjog eg] lkmtnf] /x\of] . /fhgLlts kl/jt{g;Fu} g]t[Tj kl/jt{gn] ubf{ ;ldltn] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

/fli6«o blnt cfof]u M blntcfGbf]ngn] ;/sf/;Fu Pp6f ;+j}wflgs, :jtGq, :jfoQ zlQm / ;fwgn] ;DkGg, cw{Goflos clwsf/ ePsf] /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] :yfkgfsf] dfu /fVb} cfPsf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] :yfkgf dfr{ @))@ df u/]sf] lyof] . cfof]usf clwsf/x¿ lgDg 5g\ M

o ljgfcj/f]w blntx¿n] cfkm\gf clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{,o ljBdfg sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿ / gLltx¿sf] ;dod} ;+z+f]wg ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{,o hftLo lje]blj?4sf] dxf;lGwnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGw / dfgjclwsf/sf

b:tfj]hx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu gLlt tyf /0fgLltx¿ agfpg] / ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{,

o blnt pTyfgsf nflu sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;dGjo / cg'udg ug]{,o hftLo 5'jf5"tnufotsf lje]bx¿;Fu ;DalGwt k/Dk/fut Jojxf/ tyf

ljrf/wf/fx¿ cGTo ug{sf nflu sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ / tL sfo{qmdx¿ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿dfkm{t\ sfof{Gjog ug]{,

o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u, dfgjclwsf/ k|a4{g s]Gb|, :yfgLo clwsf/L / :yfgLo k|zf;g;Fu ;dGjo u/]/ blnt JolQm jf ;d'xsf lj?4 ePsf lje]bsf/L jf u}/sfg'gL sfo{x¿sf] af/]df k/]sf ph'/L lng], sf/jfxLsf nflu kxn ug]{ / ;xhLs/0f ug]{,

o zf/Ll/s c;dy{tf ePsf blnt afnaflnsf / dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/ /Iff ug{ / pgLx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{,

o dfgjclwsf/ sfo{of]hgf @))$ nfO{ dWogh/ /fv]/ blntsf pTyfgsf nflu ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx¿n] u/]sf sfdx¿sf] clen]v ug]{, ;dGjo ug]{ / cg'udg ug]{,

o /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] d:of}bf ljw]os tof/ ug]{,o blntsf ljleGg ;d'xx¿sf] kl/efiff / klxrfg u/L :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnonfO{

k|sfzgsf nflu ;f]sf] ;"rL agfP/ k7fpg] .

cfof]un] blnt / 5'jf5"tsf] kl/efiff u/L blntsf] ;"rL tof/ u/L kl/lzi6df /fv]sf] 5 . ;"rLdf yk36 eO/fv]sf] 5 . of] cWoog cfof]un] uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt u/]sf] ;"rLdf cfwfl/t 5 h;df @@ blnt hft klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ljb|f]xL / /fHo kIfaLr ePsf] ;z:q åGåsf a]nf blntsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df b]ze/


:ynut cWoog u/L cfjZos sf/jfxLsf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] . Psflt/, cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx¿ /fhgLlts kl/jt{g;Fu} kl/jt{g ug]{ ePsf]n] cfof]un] l:y/tfk"j{s sfd ug{ kfPgg\ eg] csf]{lt/, ah]6 sd lbg] / ePsf] ah]6 klg k"/f pkof]u gePsf] cj:yf 5 .

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u M /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u of]hgf agfpg] ;jf]{Rr lgsfo xf] . o;n] bL3{sfnLg, dWofjlw / cNksfnLg of]hgfx¿ agfpF5 . cfjlws of]hgfdf ;/sf/sf] gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ agfpF5 t/ blntsf nflu eg] vf;} of]hgf ag]sf] 5}g . rf}yf] k~rjifL{o of]hgf -!(&)–!(&%_ cGtu{t ;g\ !(&!–!(&@ df blnt ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu ;fdflhs ljsf; xf]:6nsf nflu ah]6 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . To;kl5sf tLg jif{sf nflu eg] Ps k};f 5'6\ofOPg . cf7f}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgf -!((@–!((&_ df eg] blntsf nflu s]xL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . blnt ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu 5fqj[lQ of]hgf ;g\ !((%–!((^ df nfu" u/]sf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] klg :jLsf/ u/]sf] oyfy{ s] xf] eg] oL sfo{qmdx¿ g t blntsf nflu ljs]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ Wofgdf lbP/ agfOPsf] lyof] g blntn] kmfObf kfpg] lx;fan] g} agfOPsf] lyof] -:j0f{sf/, @))%_ . gjf+}+ of]hgf -!((&–@))@_ n] blnt / cGo ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿sf nflu p2]Zo, gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmd NofPsf] lyof] h'g P]ltxfl;s lyof] . of] of]hgfdf ePsf] Joj:yf sfuhdf dfq ;Lldt /x\of], Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog ePg . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] ;g\ @))@ df blntsf] l:ylt ljZn]if0f / blntsf] pTyfgsf nflu bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlt gfds b'O{j6f b:tfj]h tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . blntsf] pTyfgsf nflu bL3{sfnLg /0fgLltdf cfpg] @% jif{df blntsf pTyfg / ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu ;d:ofx¿ s] 5g\, gLltx¿ s] x'g'kb{5 / tL sfo{qmdx¿ s;n] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljifox¿df s]lGb|t 5 -8flg8f, @))%_ . bzf}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgf -@))@–@))&_ n] gjf}+ of]hgfdf k/]sf] blnt ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ kl/dfh{g;lxt lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 . of] of]hgf ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLltkq -kL=cf/=P;=kL=_ klg xf] . of] of]hgfsf rf/ cfwf/e"t vDafx¿dWo] Pp6f vDaf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;dfj]zLs/0f xf] . of] of]hgfdf blntsf] ;dfjzLs/0f ug]{ eg] klg blntsf nflu nlIft sfo{qmdafx]s cGo sfo{qmdx¿df eg] blntsf nflu :ki6 pNn]v 5}g .

ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if M bzf}+ of]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ul/aL lgjf/0f ePsf]n] ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))$ df ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if :yfkgf u/]sf] xf] . of] sf]ifsf] d'Vo nlIft ;d'x blntx¿ x'g\ . bzf}+ of]hgf cjlwsf nflu sf]ifn] sfd ug{ krf; s/f]8 ?k}oFf 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . sf]ifn] cfocfh{g, r]tgf hfu/0f, ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / ;fdflhs kl/rfngnufotsf sfdx¿ ub{5 . of] sf]ifn] k/Dk/fnfO{ tf]8]/ ;d'bfox¿af6 sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjog ub{5 .


dGqfnox¿ M ;/sf/sf] ljleGg dGqfnox¿n] blntsf nflu s]xL sfo{qmdx¿ u/]sf 5g\ .

• lzIff dGqfnon] blntsf nflu 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd, vf; u/]/ k|fylds / dfWolds txdf cWoog ug{]sf nflu, ;~rfng ub{5 . ljz]if 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdcGtu{t !@ lhNnfsf blnt dlxnfx¿n] lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflndsf] 5fqj[lQ kfpF5g\ . ;a}sf nflu lzIff cleofgn] blntsf] z}lIfs cj:yfsf] tYofª\s ;ª\sng u/]sf] 5 / blntsf ljleGg ljifox¿df k|sfzg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .

• >d dGqnfo M blnt >ldsx¿nfO{ ;Lk ljsf; cled'vLs/0f ug]{, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf blnt / cflbjf;L hghfltsf nflu !) k|ltzt sf]6f 5'6\ofPsf] 5 .

• :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno M ljs]lGb|t ljQLo / ljsf; sfo{qmdcGtu{t @) j6f lhNnfx¿df blntsf nflu ;fgf;fgf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ah]6 5'6\ofPsf] 5 .

• cGo dGqfnox¿ vf; u/]/ s[lif, jg, ;fdfGo k|zf;g, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnox¿n] blntsf nflu s]xL sfo{qmdx¿ rnfPsf] 5, h:t} M @@ lhNnfx¿df blntx¿sf nflu afv|fkfng, afnL ljljwLs/0f, jfbLx¿sf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd, ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g / lghfdtL ;]jfdf blntx¿sf] ;dfj]zLs/0f cflb -:j0f{sf/, @))%_ .

/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u M cfof]un] ;g\ @))!–@))# df blnt clwsf/ k|a4{g sfo{qmd rnfPsf] lyof] t/ kl5 aGb u¥of] . cfof]un] ;g\ @))$–@))* sf nflu agfPsf] /0fgLltkqdf hftLo 5'jf5"tnfO{ bf];|f] /0fgLlts p2]Zo agfPsf] 5 . cfof]un] dfgjclwsf/sf ;du| ;jfndf sfd u/] tfklg blntsf] clwsf/ klg dfgjclwsf/ xf] / blntclwsf/nfO{ klg cGo dfgjclwsf/;/x plQs} k|fyldstf glbPsf]n] cof]un] ;Gtf]ifhgs sfd gu/]sf] cj:yf 5 .

cGt/f{li^«o bft[ lgsfox¿n] u/]sf] kxn

8flg8f M blntsf nflu sfo{qmd nfu" ug]{ låkIfLo bft[ lgsfox¿dWo]df 8]gdfs{ ;/sf/ -8flg8f_sf] dfgjclwsf/ / ;'zf;g ;'emfa OsfOn] ;g\ @))) df klxnf] kxn u/]sf] lyof] . blntsf /fli6«o :t/df sfo{/t ;+:yfx¿ blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3, blnt ;]jf ;+3 / blnt dlxnf ;+3nfO{ ;+:yfut ljsf;, Ifdtf clea[l4 / hgjsfntsf nflu ;xof]u lbPsf] lyof] . oL ;~hfn tyf ;+:yfx¿sf] dfWoddfkm{t\ blntx¿n] cfk\mgf xsclwsf/sf nflu ;zQm cfjfh p7fpg ;s]sf 5g\ -l8l;jLP;kL k|f]h]S6 8s'd]G6, @))#_ . ;g\ @))$ kl5 t/fO{sf blntsf ;+3;+:yfnufotsf ;fgf7"nf blnt


;+3;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . 8flg8fsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;'emfa ;xof]u OsfO{n] klg hgpTyfg k|lti7fg, blnt dfgjclwsf/ ;+3 / blnt ;]jf ;+3nfO{ ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . 8flg8fsf] ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fcGtu{t blnt ;jfndf ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .

l8lkm8 M a]nfot ;/sf/sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu -l8lkm8_ n] g]kfn ;xof]u of]hgfsf kfFr p2]Zox¿dWo] ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f Pp6f p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . alxis/0fdf kfl/Psf hfthfltsf ;d'bfox¿sf nflu ;|f]t / cj;/x¿df ;dfg kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] sfo{qmdx¿ tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ . blnt / cflbjf;L hghfltsf k|ltlglwd"ns ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{tkm{ /0fgLlt s]lGb|t 5 -l8lkm8–Sofk, @))$_ . l8lkm8sf] /fHo ;jnLs/0f sfo{qmdcGtu{t blnt ;zQmLs/0f kl/of]hgf -l8OcfPkL_ ;g\ @))# b]lv @)^^ ;Dd nfu" u/]/ blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3, blnt ;]jf ;+3, blnt dlxnf ;+3, /fli6«o blnt ;fdflhs sNof0f ;+3, hfu/0f ldl8of ;]G6/ / hgpTyfg k|lti7fgnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . ;fª\u7flgs Joj:yfkg, hgjsfntsf] ;Lk / blntx¿nfO{ /fli6«o hLjgdf ;dfj]zLs/0f jf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{nufotsf Ifdtf clea[l4df kl/of]hgf s]lGb|t lyof] . clwsf/, nf]stGq / ;dfj]zLs/0f kmG8cGtu{t blnt dlxnf ;+3 / dw];L blnt ljsf; dxf;+3nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf sfo{x¿df ;xof]u lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .

o'P;PcfO8L M cGt/f{li6«o ljsf;sf nflu cd]l/sL ;+:yfn] ljljwtf / ;fj]zLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . o;n] ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ nlIft u/]sfn] blntx¿n] k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ¿kdf kmfObf kfPsf 5g\ -dfdf] / cGo, @))%_ . blntsf nflu 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] . d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] Pp6f d'Vo kIf kF'+hL / Ifdtfdf kxF'+rnfO{ dfg]sf] 5 . of] ;+:yfn] afn arfp, cd]l/sfdfkm{t\ ^ lhNnfdf blnt afnaflnsfsf] z}lIfs cj:yfsf] cWoog / !% lhNnfdf sd lzlIftsf nflu cfwf/e"t lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . of] ;+:yfn] /fli6«o blnt ;fdflhs sNof0f ;+3;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L blnt 5fqj[lQ sf]if v8f u/]/ o;af6 k|fKt Jofh blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ lbg k|of]u u/]sf] 5 .

Sofgf8fsf] ;xof]u sfof{no -l;l;cf]_ M Sofgf8fsf] ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] blnt ;]jf ;+3nfO{ ;g\ !((% b]lv blnt ;]jf ;+3;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L ;Nofg lhNnfdf blnt ;d'bfosf] nflu hfu/0f tyf pTyfg sfo{qmd rnfP/ blntx¿sf] k]zf ;'rf? ug{sf nflu cfjZos sRrf kbfy{x¿ pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ !((&–!((* sf] cjlwdf blnt ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s pTyfg sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]/ jfbL / uGwj{ ;d'bfosf nflu cfocfh{g, ;xsf/L / lzIffdf Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf] lyof] . ;g\ @))!–@))# sf] cjlwdf ;Nofgdf blnt ;zQmLs/0f sfo{qmd / ;'g;/Ldf c;xfosf nflu


;xof]u kl/ifb\ -PrPr;L_ ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . kfF+ry/df g]kfn hgljsf; ;dfh;]jf ;+3nfO{ blnt pTyfgsf nflu cfocfh{gsfo{df ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . wg'iffdf wg'iff ljsf; ky;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ d';x/x¿sf ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu lzIff, vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO, ;Lk, cfocfh{g / :yfgLo ;+:yfx¿sf] ;jnLs/0fsf sfo{x¿df ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

o'/f]k]nL cfof]u -O;L_ M cfof]un] cS;kmfdnfO{ g]kfndf blntlj?4 ePsf hftLo lje]blj?4 n8\g] sfo{df ;g\ @))!–@))# sf] cjlwdf ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . o;n] kj{t tyf afUn'ªdf lbuf] hLljsf d~r, c3f{vfFrLdf pTkLl8t tyf hghflt kl/ifb\ / hgr]tgf ;/f]sf/ d~r, sf7df8f}+df hftLo lje]blj?4 /fli6«o d~rnfO{ blnt clwsf/sf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . blntsf ;+3;+:yfx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ u/L n'y]/g ljZj dxf;+3 / s]o/ g]kfnnufotsf ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7gx¿nfO{ blntsf] ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

cS;kmfd M cS;kmfdn] blntsf kIfdf gLlt, of]hgf, sfg'g cflb kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ yfn]sf] !) jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] ;xof]udf blnt ;zQmLs/0f sfo{qmd ;g\ @))# df rnfPsf] lyof] . cS;kmfdn] Pp6f /fli6«o / % :yfgLo blnt ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

cGt/f{li6«o >d ;ª\u7g M cfOPncf]n] blntsf ;DaGwdf b'O{j6f cWoog u/]sf] lyof] . Pp6f, blnt u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7gsf lqmofsnfkx¿ / csf]{, g]kfndf lje]b, blnt / >d lyof] . klxnf] cWoog blnt u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7gn] u/]sf] / blntsf ;+:yfx¿ ePsf] :yfgx¿, sfo{qmdx¿ / sfdx¿sf af/]df s]lGb|t lyof] . bf];|f] cWoog blntlj?4 /f]huf/L, lzIff / k|ltlglwTjsf af/]df blntsf] l:yltsf af/]df s]lGb|t lyof] -l8l;aLP;kL, @))#_ .

Pd=P;= g]kfn M Pd=P;= g]kfn 8]gdfs{sf] u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7gsf ¿kdf g]kfndf ;g\ !(*^ b]lv sfo{/t /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] ug]{ sfo{x¿ ;g\ @))!–@))# sf] ax'ntf / ljljwtf;DaGwL gLltut kqdf cfwfl/t 5 . o;sf] /0fgLltkqdf blntnfO{ nlIft ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] blnt dlxnf ;+3 / 8f]6Lsf] hftLo ljsf; s]Gb| -O=l8=;L=_ nfO{ 8f]6L, afFs] / alb{of lhNnfx¿df sfo{qmd rnfpg ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . s]Gb|df eg] gLltut kl/jt{gsf nflu ;xof]u ub{5 .

x]Ne]6f; M x]Ne]6f;n] blnt hfu/0f s]Gb|nfO{ blnt hfu/0f /]l8of] sfo{sqmd ;~rfng ug{ ;g\ @))# df ;xof]u u/]sf]] lyof] . of] ;+:yfn] blnt ;zQmLs/0fsf ;DaGwdf l;Sg] kf7sx¿sf] z[ª\vnf k|sfzg u/]sf] lyof] . :yfgLo kxnnfO{ gofF hfgsf/L -Pnlnª\s_ sfo{qmdcGtu{t blnt ;d'bfo;Dd k'Ug] / kmfObf lbnfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .


n'y/g ljZj km]8]/];g -Pn=8An'= Pk\m_ M o;n] blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3, blnt ;]jf ;+3, blnt dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 / hgpTyfg k|lti7fgnfO{ :yfgLo txdf hgjsfnt ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . hgpTyfg k|lti7fgnfO{ sf7df8f}+b]lv s}nfnL;Ddsf !) lhNnfx¿df Ifdtf clea[l4, r]tgf hfu/0f, :jfanDag, ;fd'bflos kl/rfng, kqsfl/tf tflnd, hgpTyfg dfl;s cflb sfo{qmd rnfpg ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . o;n] l;k|]8;Fu ldn]/ blntsf nflu hLljsf]kfh{gsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . n'y]/gn] jflif{s sfo{qmd / blntsf nflu g} nlIft hgjsfnt sfo{qmd tof/ ub}{ 5 .

s]o/ g]kfn M s]o/sf] w]/}h;f] sfo{qmdx¿ blntsf nflu nlIft 5 . blnt nlIft sfo{qmddf s= cfocfh{g sfo{qmd, v= lzIff -cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s_, u= hgjsfnt / 3= ljefuLo -vfg]kfgL cflb_ . s]o/n] blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3, blnt ;]jf ;+3, /fli6«o blnt ;fdflhs sNof0f ;+3 / hgpTyfg k|lti7fgnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . s]o/n] ;a}eGbf klxnf nfeaf6 jl~rt ;d'xsf] kl/efiff u/]/ To;}cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . s]o/n] ;]e b lrN8«]g o"=P;= / PS;g P8, g]kfn;Fu ldn]/ blnt ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . s]o/n] o'/f]k]nL o'lgogsf] ;xof]udf blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ t/fO{sf blntnfO{ nlIft u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . s]o/sf] u|fdL0f If]q ljsf; sfo{qmddf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / ;lDdnLs/0fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . s]o/n] blnt ;jfnnfO{ ;j{d'vL ;jfnsf] ¿kdf lnP/ vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo, lzIff cflb ;a} ;jfnnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 -dfd', @))%_ .

afn arfp, gj]{ M of] ;+:yfn] blnt ;]jf ;+3nfO{ kxf8 / t/fO{sf % lhNnfx¿df ;fj{hlgs :yndf blnt afnaflnsfx¿lj?4 x'g] e]befjlj?4 ;ª\3if{ tyf ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f / lzIffsf nflu t/fO{sf $ lhNnfx¿df ;fdflhs hfu/0f -;]km_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .

afn arfp, cd]l/sf M o;n] /fli6«o blnt ;fdflhs sNof0f ;+3;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ !% lhNnfdf 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . of] ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf ;+3n] blntx¿sf] cj:yfsf af/]df ljBdfg ;fdflhs, cfly{s cj:yfsf af/]df ;g\ !((# df Pp6f cWoog u/]sf] lyof] . sd lzlIftx¿sf nflu cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] sfo{qmd rnfP/ blnt ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] 5 . of] ;+:yfn] blnt sfo{qmdsf nflu !@ k|ltzt ah]6 /sd cyf{t\ !% nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . o;n] cfkm\gf] ;+:yfdf sd{rf/L egf{ ubf{ blntx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] u/]sf] 5 . of] ;+:yfn] blntsf] ;+:yf lgdf{0f ug{ / hgjsfnt ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .

PS;g P8, g]kfn M of] blntsf nflu sfd ug]{ Pp6f cu|0fL ;+:yf xf] . PS;g P8n] ;g\ @))$–@))& sf] g]kfn /0fgLlt agfpFbf blnt pTyfgsf nflu sfo{qmd lgdf{0f u/]sf]


lyof] . o;n] blntnfO{ clwsf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;d'xsf ¿kdf lnP/ kxf8 / t/fO{sf blntsf nflu sfo{qmd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;n] % j6f blnt ;+3;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . o;n] ug]{ bL3{sfnLg ;xof]udf tLg jif{eGbf a9L / cNksfnLg ;xof]udf tLg jif{eGbf sdsf] ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

Pl;of kmfpG8];g M of] ;+:yfn] blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 :yfkgf ug{ / blnt dlxnf ;+3nfO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . of] ;+:yfn] blntsf nflu k|ToIf geP klg ck|ToIf ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

kmf]8{ kmfpG8];g M of] ;+:yfn] blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3nfO{ sfg'gL If]qdf ;xof]u lbPsf] 5 . dxf;+3n] $ hgf 3'DtL jlsnsf] Joj:yf u/L blntsf] dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿ s]nfpg]b]lv r]tgf hfu/0f ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

ljZj a}+s M ljZj a}+s;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf blnt–nlIft sfo{qmd 5}g . ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLltkqsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ blnt afnaflnsfsf] lzIff / 5fqj[lQdf kx'Fr a9fpg], lghfdtL ;]jfdf blntnufotsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj cflbdf ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . ljZj a}+sn] l8lkm8;Fu ldn]/ n}ª\lustf / ;fdflhs jl~rtLs/0fsf] cWoog u/]/ ;/sf/sf] gLltut kl/jt{gsf nflu of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f;DaGwL cg'udg ;"rfª\sdf hfthflt, n}ª\lustf cflb ;dfj]z ug{ k|oTg u/]sf] 5 .

l:j; ljsf; ;xof]u -P;=8L=;L=_ M of] ;+:yfn] ;g\ @))#–@))$ cl3;Dd blntsf nflu s'g} sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] lyPg . o;kl5 eg] 6'sL, blnt hfu/0f ldl8of ;]G6/, blnt dlxnf ;+3nfO{ blntsf nflu ;'zf;gh:tf sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

g]b/NofG8 ljsf; ;+:yf -P;=Pg=eL=_ M of] ;+:yf;Fu klxn] blntnlIft sfo{qmd lyPg . xfn cfP/ blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ blnt ;+3;+:yfsf] Ifdtf clea[l4 / hgjsfnt sfo{sf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))% b]lv ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f kmG8dfkm{t\ blnt ;jfndf cWoogcg';Gwfg ug{ ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

hfkfg cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u -hfOsf_ M o;n] ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu sfd ub{5 / nfeaf6 jl~rt ;d'xsf nflu eg]/ nfu" u/]sf] lzIff sfo{qmdaf6 blntx¿n] kmfObf kfPsf 5g\ .

:jo+ ;]jf ;+:yf -eL=P;=cf]=_ M o;n] /fli6«o / :yfgLo blnt ;+3;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

o'/f]k]nL ;+3 M of] ;+3 g]kfndf ;g\ @))@ b]lv sfo{/t 5 . ;g\ @))# b]lv blntsf ;+:yfx¿NffO{ :yfgLo txsf sfo{qmdsf nflu ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .


;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afnsf]if -o'lg;]km_ M of] ;+:yfn] lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOdf sfd ub{5 . blntnlIft sfo{qmd geP klg oL sfo{qmdx¿ nfu" ubf{ blnt a:tLx¿df klg nfu" x'g] ePsf]n] blntnfO{ s]xL kmfObf lbg] u/]sf] 5 .

Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s -P=8L=aL=_ M P=8L=aL=n] ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf ;d'x / dlxnfx¿nfO{ dbt ug]{ PsLs[t sfo{qmddf ;xof]u ub{5 . o;n] ;g\ @))% b]lv @))( ;Ddsf] g]kfn /0fgLltkqdf hfthflt / n}ª\lu+stfdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . of] ;+:yfn] ljkGg ju{nfO{ lzIff / 5fqj[lQdf ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

k|fljlws ljsf;sf nflu hd{g ;xof]u -hL=6L=h]8_ M hL=6L=h]8= ;F+u blntsf nflu nlIft sfo{qmd 5}g . o;n] xfn} cfP/ blnt / ul/asf] ;dfj]zLs/0fdf sfd ug{ yfn]sf] 5 -dfd', @))%_ .

OG6/g];gn blnt ;f]ln8\ofl/6L g]6js{ -cfO=8L=P;=Pg=_ M of] ;+:yf 8]gdfs{sf] sf]kgx]ugdf 5 . o;n] blnt clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3, o'/f]k]nL ;+3nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yf / d'n'sx¿;Fu g}lts bafa ;[hgf ug]{ / hgjsfntsf] sfd ub{5 . o;n] g]kfnsf blntcfGbf]ngsf clwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ljb]zdf hgjsfnt ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . of] ;+:yfn] blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ ;g\ @))$ df hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf af/]df P]ltxfl;s cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{ u/L sf7df8f}++ blnt 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/]/ g]kfnsf blntsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

gful/s ;dfhsf kxnx¿

dfgjclwsf/ ;lGw cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldlt -Pr=cf/=6L=Pd=;L=_ M Ps bh{ghlt ;+:yfx¿ ;+nUg of] ;ldlt ;lGw cg'udg ug]{ ;~hfn xf] . blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 o;sf] Pp6f pk;ldltsf] ;+of]hs /x]sf] 5 . o;n] hftLo 5'jf5"tsf 36gfx¿sf ;DaGwdf ;TotYo kQf nufpg] sfd ub{5 .

cgf}krfl/s ;]jf s]Gb -OG;]s_ M of] s]Gb|n] blntsf] r]tgf hfu/0f / ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu ;'b"/ klZrddf sfo{qmd rnfPsf] lyof] . s]Gb|n] k|sflzt ug]{ ;g\ !((# sf] dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':tsdf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] af/]df Pp6f cWofo ;d]6]sf] lyof] . o;n] x/]s jif{ k|sflzt x'g] dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':tsdf blntsf lj?4 ePsf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf 36gfx¿sf af/]df pNn]v ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 .

lbuf] hLljsf d~r -P;=Pn Pkm=_ M of] d~rn] blntsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu afUn'ª / kj{t lhNnfdf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;n] blntclwsf/sf nflu n8\g] blntsf ;+3;+:yfx¿ k|a4{g ug{ w]/} of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 .


;/:jtL ;fd'bflos ljsf; d~r -P;=8L=l;=Pkm=_ M t/fO{sf] ;Kt/L lhNnfdf sfo{/t of] d~rn] dw];L blntsf nflu w]/} sfd u/]/ Voflt sdfPsf] 5 . k"jL{ t/fO{df p7]sf rdf/ cfGbf]ngdf of] d~rn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] lyof] .

cGo ;+3;+:yfx¿ M ;du| ljsf; s]Gb|, cf;dfg, sfg'gL ;xfotf tyf k/fdz{ s]Gb| -Nofs_ / g]kfn af/ ;ª\u7gnufotsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] blntsf nflu s]xL sfd u/]sf 5g\ .

blnt ;+#;+:yfx¿sf] kxn

blnt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 M of] blnt ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] dflyNnf] txsf] 5ftf–;ª\u7g xf] . o;n] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b x6fpg, blntclwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ hgjsfnt, ;fdflhs, cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfd ub{5 . dxf;+3n] ug]{ sfo{qmd / sfdx¿dWo] blnt;Fu ;DaGw /fVg] sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿, gLlt / sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg, blnt;DaGwL k|sfzgx¿, ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf d'2fx¿, sfg'gL k/fdz{ / ;xof]u, lgMz'Ns sfg'gL ;]jf, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3df 5fofF k|ltj]bg, uf]i7L cflb d'Vo 5g\ . o;n] blntsf ;+3;+:yfx¿nfO{ hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf lj?4 n8\g ;xhLs/0fsf] sfd klg ub{5 .

g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dflhs ;]jf ;+3 M ;'b"/ klZrdsf] s~rgk'/df sfo{/t of] ;ª\u7gn] blntsf] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf;sf nflu sfd u/]/ VoftL sdfPsf] 5 .

lzIffsf nflu ;fdflhs hfu/0f -;]km_ M o;n] jfbL ;d'bfolj?4 ePsf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]blj?4 ;ª\3if{ / blntsf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfddf VoftL sdfPsf] 5 .

;dtf ljsf; s]Gb| -O=8L=;L+_ M 8f]6L lhNnfdf sfo{/t of] ;+:yfn] z}n]Zj/L dlGb/ k|j]zsf] cfGbf]ngdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] lyof] . o;n] blntsf nflu sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjog ub{5 .

blnt ;]jf ;+3 -8L=8An'=cf]=_ M of] ;+3 ;g\ !(($ df :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . ;+3n] lhNnfdf ;~hfn lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;+3n] /fli6«ob]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd ljB'tLo ;~rf/dfWodaf6 hgjsfnt, hLljsf]kfh{gsf sfo{x¿, hgjsfnt / ;zQmLs/0fsf sfo{x¿ ub{5 .

blnt dlxnf ;+3 -km]8f]_ M ;+3sf] :yfkgf ;g\ !(($ df ePsf] lyof] . o;n] blnt dlxnfsf nflu lzIff, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; / hftLo Pjd\ n}ª\lus lje]bsf] cGTosf nflu hgjsfnt sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf blntx¿ / g]kfndf blnt dlxnf;DaGwL k':ts c+u|]hLdf k|sfzg u/]sf] lyof] .


g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 -Pg=Pg=8L=P;=8An'=cf]=_ M of] ;+3 g]kfnsf ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] blntsf] ;+:yf xf] . ;+3n] blnt ljBfyL{sf nflu 5fqj[lQ, cWoogcg';Gwfg, cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf hgjsfnt, xlnofd'lQm cleofg / blntsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s ;j]{If0f / blntsf] PYgf]u|fkmL gfds k':ts k|sfzg ug]{nufotsf sfdx¿ u/]sf] 5 .

5'jf5"tlj?4 jlsnx¿sf] /fli6«o cleofg, g]kfn -Nofgsfp, g]kfn_ M jlsn k]zfdf nfu]sf blntx¿n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] of] ;+:yf blntsf] sfg'gL clwsf/x¿ ;'/lIft ug{sf nflu sfo{/t 5 . o;n] 5'jf5"tlj?4sf] cleofg, 5'jf5"t ck/fw lgu/fgL s]Gb|, ;fj{hlgs d'2f btf{, k|sfzg, cWoog, gLltut ;'wf/ cflb sfdx¿ ub{5 .

hgpTyfg k|lti7fg -h]=o"=kL=_ M o; k|lti7fgn] blntsf] dfgjclwsf/ / blntsf cGo ;jfnx¿df sfd ug]{, k|sfzg ug]{ / hgjsfnt ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

blnt dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\u7g -8L=pr=cf/=cf]=_ M of] gofF ;+:yf xf] / o;n] dfgjclwsf/ lzIff / k|lzIf0f sfo{ ;~rfng ub{5 .

blnt hfu/0f ;dfh M t]x|y'd lhNnfdf sfo{/t of] ;+:yfn] :yfgLo txdf blnt clwsf/sf nflu hgjsfntsf] sfd ub{5 .

pTkLl8t ;d'bfo pTyfg s]Gb| -cf]=;L=o'=;L=_ M of] ;+:yf u'NdL lhNnfdf sfo{/t 5 . o;n] blntsf nflu ;fd'bflos ljsf;, ;fdflhs kl/rfng, hLljsf]kfh{g, :jfjnDaL ;d'x, blnt ;zQmLs/0f / hgjsfntsf sfo{x¿ u/L VoftL sdfPsf] 5 .

hfu/0f ldl8of ;]G6/ -h]=Pd=;L=_ Mof] ;+:yfn] ;~rf/, hgjsfnt / O{–a'n]l6gnufotsf k|sfzgsf sfdx¿ ub{5 . o;n] gLltut k|efj kfg]{ sfd / blnt dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg ub{5 .

blnt ljsf; / sfg'g -8L=8L=Pn=_ M of] blntsf] ;jfnnfO{ cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug]{ / sfg'gL If]qdf sfd ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL xfn;fn} hlGdPsf] ;+:yf xf] .

pTkLl8t tyf hghflt ljsf; kl/ifb\ M of] c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf sfo{/t Pp6f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] . o;n] ;fd'bflos ljsf;, ;fdflhs kl/rfng / hLljsf]kfh{g ;zQmLs/0fsf If]qdf sfd ub{5 . o;n] :yfgLo txdf u/]sf blnt ;zQmLs/0f / hgjsfntsf sfo{NffO{ ;a}n] ;x|fgf u/]sf 5g\ .

/fli6«o blnt ;~hfn -cf/=8L=Pg=_ M blnt clwsf/sdL{x¿ ldn]/ agfPsf] of] ;~hfn ;'b"/klZrddf xlnof / l;gf] vfg] k|yflj?4 / e"lddflysf] clwsf/sf nflu n8\b} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] :yfgLo / /fli6«o txdf blntsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ hf]8\g] sfd ub{5 .


/fhgLlts bnx¿sf eft[ / elugL ;ª\u7gx¿ M /fhgLlts bnx¿n] blntsf eft[ jf elugL ;ª\u7gx¿ vf]n]sf 5g\ . g]=s=kf -Pdfn]_ n] pTkLl8t ;d'bfo d'lQm ;dfh, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g]kfn blnt ;+3, /fli6«o hgdf]rf{sf] hftLo ;dtf ;dfh, hgdf]rf{, g]kfnsf] g]kfn /fli6«o blnt dl'Qm ;ª\u7g, /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf] /fli6«o k|hftflGqs pTkLl8t hgtf pTyfg ;+3, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_ sf] g]kfn blnt pTyfg d~rnufotsf eft[ / elugL ;+3;+:yfx¿ sfo{/t b]lvG5 . t/fO{sf blntx¿sf] ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj eg] sd 5 .

lgisif{df blntlj?4sf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{sf nflu cfjZos ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] cfjZostf 5 . g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf dfgjclwsf/ b:tfj]hx¿ / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo;dIf JoQm u/]sf k|lta4tfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog cfjZos 5 . o;sf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx¿ / dlGqkl/ifb\, Joj:yflksf ;+;b\ / Gofokflnsfnufotsf /fHosf ljleGg lgsfox¿ / gful/s ;dfhn] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{sf nflu k|efjsf/L e"ldsf v]Ng cfjZos 5 .


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blnt !)=#$ $#=@& $^=#( !))=))

;ª\Vof Ö !,*@^

cGo )=)) %=** ($=!@ !))=))

;ª\Vof Ö #,^*^;|f]t M l6d sG;N6, !((( M $@*% sf] tflnsf s^ *s df cfwfl/t .

l6Kk0fL M hDdf %,!*! pQ/bftfdWo] %,!^@ 3/kl/jf/n] vfBfGg kof{Kttfsf jf/]df pQ/ lbPsf / To;dWo] @*=%( k|ltzt pQ/bftfn] vfBfGg kof{Kttf / jfFsL &!=$! k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/df vfBfGg

ckof{Kttf /x]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5 .

rf}kfof M u|fdL0f If]qdf rf}kfof bf];|f] dxTjk"0f{ k'FhL / ;DklQ xf] . rf}kfof / e"ld cGt/;DalGwt 5 . 8f= lzj zdf{sf cg';f/ ;fd'bflos jf ;fdflhs jgn] % lsnf]ld6/sf] kl/lwdf a:g] slyt dflyNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿nfO{ kmfObf lbg] u/]sf] t/ blntx¿nfO{ eg] lje]bdf kf/]sf] cj:yf 5 .

Hofnfbf/L sfd M l6d sG;N6 u/]sf] Pp6f k|ltj]bgcg';f/ Hofnfbf/L >d ug]{ blntx¿sf] k|ltzt ^)=$ 5 eg] afx'g–If]qL -tfufwf/L_ / cflbjf;L hghflt -dtjfnL_ x¿sf] k|ltzt eg] Go'g 5 -tflnsf %=(_ .

tflnsf %=( Hofnfaf6 cfocfh{g ug]{ hfthfltsf] 3/kl/jf/sf] k|ltztqmd ;ª\Vof hfthflt k|ltzt

! tfufwf/L @)=^


@ dtjfnL !#=#

# blnt ^)=$

$ cGo !))=));ª\Vof Ö @,$(!

;|f]t M l6d sG;N6 -!((( M ^)_ sf] tflnsf ^=& .

k/Dk/fut k]zf, lg/If/tf / clzIff, e"ldxLgtf cflb sf/0fn] Hofnfbf/L sfddf blntx¿sf] ;xeflutf w]/} 5 . of] If]qdf klg blntx¿n] hftLo lje]b lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ . blnt dlxnfn] Hofnfaf6 blnt k'?ifn] eGbf sd cfDbfgL kfpg] u/]sf] 5 . l6d sG;N6 -!((( M ^)–^!_ cg';f/ slyt dflyNnf] hftsf JolQmx¿sf] cf};t jflif{s cfDbfgL ?= @%,)().– 5 eg] blntx¿sf] cf};t jflif{s cfDbfgL ?= !^,$)).– 5 . Hofnfdf lge{/ 3/kl/jf/x¿ lxdfnL / kxf8L If]qdf sd 5 eg] t/fO{df ;fk]If ¿kdf s]xL a9L 5 . l6d sG;N6n] u/]sf] cWoogcg';f/ Hofnfbf/L sfdaf6 jflif{s cfDbfgL lxdfnL If]qdf a:g] blntsf] ?= !#,!)).–, kxf8sf blntsf[ !#,(@).– / t/fO{sf blntsf] !*,*&).– 5 -tflnsf %=!)_ .

tflnsf %=!) hfthflt / ef}uf]lns If]qsf cfwf/df Hofnfaf6 3/kl/jf/sf] cf};t jflif{s cfDbfgL

?= xhf/dfhfthflt ef}uf]lns If]q

lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ hDdf;ª\Vof Ö @,$(!

tfufwf/L !#=^$ !%=(* !&=%@ !^=&!

dtjfnL !@=*# !^=!^ !$=$$ !%=!#

blnt !#=! !#=(@ !*=*& !^=$

cGo – &=% *=#% @%=)(;|f]t M l6d sG;N6 -!((( M %(_ sf] tflnsf ^=^ df cfwfl/t .

:ynut cWoogsf a]nfdf * hftsf blntx¿n] Hofnfdf u}/blntn] blntsf lj?4 lje]b ug]{ atfPsf lyP . lrl8df/ ;d'bfosf pQ/bftfx¿n] blnt dlxnf >ldsx¿n] of}gzf]if0f ef]Ug] u/]sf] atfPsf lyP .

blntlj?$ x'g] cfly{s lje]b:ynut cWoogsf a]nf pQ/bftfx¿n] cfly{s If]qdf klg blntlj?4 lje]b x'g] u/]sf] atfPsf lyP . w]/} blntx¿ cfkm}+ ul/aLdf afFlr/x]sfn] blntn] blntsf lj?4


cfly{s lje]b u/]sf 5}gg\ . v]ltkftLdf k|of]u x'g] Hofnfbf/L >ldsx¿dWo] dlxnf >ldsx¿n] u}/blnteGbf / blnt k'?ifeGbf sd Hofnf kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ -tflnsf %=!!_ . pQ/bftfx¿sf cg';f/ $ hftsf blntx¿n] ufx|f] / kmf]xf]/L sfd ug{'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] atfPsf lyP -tflnsf %=!!_ ..

tflnsf %=!! Hofnfbf/L sfddf blntlj?4 x'g] lje]b=!! Hofnfbf/L sfddf blntlj?4 x'g] lje]b!! Hofnfbf/L sfddf blntlj?4 x'g] lje]b

qm|d ;ª\Vof

lje]bsf :j¿k jf If]qx¿

blntlj?4 u}/blnt blntlj?4 blnt

! @ # $ !* ! @ # $ !*

!blntnfO{ s[lifdhb'/sf] sfd ug{ glbg]

) !$ @ @ !* ) ) ) !* !*

@blntnfO{ s[lifdhb'/sf] sfd ubf{ sd Hofnf lbP/ zf]if0f ug]{

) !% ! @ !* ) ) ) !* !*

#

dlxnf blntnfO{ s[lifdhb'/sf] sfd ubf{ k'?if >ldsnfO{ eGbf sd Hofnf lbP/ zf]if0f ug]{

* ^ @ @ !* ) ) ) !* !*

$

blnt dlxnf s[lifdhb'/nfO{ of}gb'Jo{jxf/ jf zf]if0f ug]{

! !$ ) # !* ) ) ) !* !*

%

blnt afndhb'/nfO{ zf/Ll/s b'Jo{jxf/ jf k};f glbg] jf sd Hofnf lbg]

@ !# # ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

^blntnfO{ x]nfFxf]rf] u/]/ hflu/ glbg]

! !^ ! ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

&

u}/blntn] blntnfO{ s7f]/ >d ug'{kg]{ jf kmf]xf]/L sfd ug{ nufpg]

$ !$ ) ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

*afln3/], xlnofh:tf afWofTds >d ug]{

! !) # $ !* ) ) ) !* !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .)&


;+s]t M ! Ö ljBdfg Jojxf/, @ Ö Jojxf/df gePsf], # Ö Jojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg ufx|f,]

$ Ö nfu" gx'g] jf c;fGble{s

cfly{s lje]b / ahf/df lje]b

:ynut cWoogsf a]nf pQ/bftfx¿n] pTkfbg ahf/ / ;|f]tx¿df lje]b x'g] u/]sf] atfP . * blnt hftsf pQ/bftfx¿n] atfPcg';f/ ;/sf/n] ;xsf/L :yfkgf ug{ lje]b u/]sf] 5 . & blnt hftsf pQ/bftfx¿n] atfPcg';f/ ;/sf/n] blntnfO{ ;Lksf] cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ Wofg glbPsf] cj:yf 5 -tflnsf %=+!@, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf $_ . ^ hftsf blnt pQ/bftfx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ cfk\mgf] ;d'bfosf blntx¿nfO{ u}/blntx¿ ;xefuL ePsf] jghª\un / kfgLnufotsf k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿;Fu ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;d'xx¿df ;xefuL x'g, k|ltlglwTj ug{ / Joj:yfkg ug{ glbP/ lje]b ePsf] 5 -tflnsf %=!@, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf $_ .

tflnsf %=!@ u}/blntåf/f blntlj?4 tyf blntåf/f blntlj?4 x'g] lje]bsf] ;3gtfcg';f/ blntsf] ;ª\Vof

qm=;+=lje]bsf :j¿k jf

If]qx¿blntlj?4 u}/blnt blntlj?4 blnt

! @ # $ !* ! @ # $ !*;fj{hlgs ;DklQ

!af6f] lxF8]sf] a]nf u}/blntnfO{ af6f] lbg 5]p nfUg'kg]{, af6f] 5f8\g'kg]{

# !% ) ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

@;fj{hlgs r/0fdf blntnfO{ ufO{a:t' r/fpg glbg]

) !% ) # !* ) ) ) !* !*

#

;fd'bflos jg jf cGo jghª\unaf6 blntx¿nfO{ bfp/f / 3fF;kft Nofpg glbg]

! & @ * !* ) ) ) !* !*

$vfg]kfgLsf] of]hgf blntx¿nfO{ lbOFb}g

# !# ! ! !* ) ) ) !* !*

%u}/blntx¿n] l;~rfOsf] kfgL k|of]u u/]kl5 dfq blntn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg]

) ) ) !* !* ) ) ) !* !*

^ljB't k|flws/0fn] blnt a:tLdf ljB'tLs/0f ub}{g

@ & & @ !* ) ) ) !* !*


&blntn] /f]huf/L kfpFb}g -pBf]u, Jofkf/ / lgdf{0f sDkgL cflbdf_

@ !) $ @ !* ) ) ) !* !*

;|f]t

!

kfgL, jgnufotsf k|f[slts ;|f]tx¿df cfwfl/t pkef]Qmf ;d'xx¿df blntx¿nfO{ ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj ug{ glbOg]

^ * @ @ !* ) ) ) !* !*

@kfgL, jgnufotsf k|f[slts ;|f]tx¿ pkef]u ug{af6 jl~rt ug]{

# ( % ! !* ) ) ) !* !*

#blnt ePs} sf/0fn] gful/stf gkfpg'

@ ( % @ !* ) ) ) !* !*

$

k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf a]nf p4f/ sfo{ ubf{ u}/blntkl5 dfq blntx¿nfO{ p4f/ ul/g]

) # ) !% !* ) ) ) !* !*

%

k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf kLl8tx¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ubf{ u}/blntkl5 dfq blntx¿nfO{ ul/g]

) ) ) !* !* ) ) ) !* !*

^

åGåaf6 lj:yflktx¿dWo]df blntx¿nfO{ 3/ kms{g u}/blntnfO{ eGbf a9L ;d:of

) ) ) !* !* ) ) ) !* !*

&

åGåaf6 lj:yflkt ePsfx¿dWo] blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ of}ghGo sfddf nfUg afWo agfOg]

) ) ) !* !* ) ) ) !* !*

*

of}g k]zfdf /x]sf] blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] of}gzf]if0f ug]{

) % ) !* !* ) ) ) !* !*


C0f ahf/

!:yfgLo ;fx'n] blntnfO{ C0f glbg]

# !@ # ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

@;xsf/L, art tyf C0f ;d'xn] blntnfO{ C0f glbg]

! !! # # !* ) ) ) !* !*

#a}+s / ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] blntnfO{ C0f glbg]

! !) $ # !* ) ) ) !* !*

nufgL ahf/! blntnfO{ ;]o/ ga]Rg] ! % ) !@ !* ) ) ) !* !*

@blntnfO{ ;xofqL gagfpg]

@ ! ) !@ !* ) ) ) !* !*

pTkfbg ahf/

!

slyt dflyNnf] hftsf dflg;n] slyt tNnf] hftsf dflg;n] vf]n]sf] k;naf6 dfn;fdfg glsGg]

@ ! ) !@ !* ) * ! !* !*

@slyt tNnf] hftsf] blntnfO{ cfw'lgs ;Lk glbg]

& ^ $ ! !* ) ) ) !* !*

#;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx¿n]] blntnfO{ ;xsf/L vf]Ng ;xof]u glbg]

* ^ ! # !* ) ) ) !* !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .)&;+s]tM ! Ö ljBdfg Jojxf/, @ Ö Jojxf/df gePsf], # Ö Jojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg

ufx|f], $ Önfu" gx'g] jf c;fGble{s

<d ahf/df lje]b>dljefhg klg blnt dlxnflj?4 5 . blnt dlxnfx¿ k|hgg, pTkfbgzLn / ;fd'bflos sfdx¿ ug]{ ePsf]n] blnt k'?ifn] eGbf a9L / slyt dflyNnf] hftsf] dlxnfx¿n] eGbf a9L b}lgs sfd ub{5g\ -tflnsf %=!#, tflnsf %=!$_ .

tflnsf %=!# n}ª\lus / hftLo cfwf/df >dljefhgdf vr{ ug]{ ;do

qmd ;ª\Vof

sfdsf] k|sf/ dlxnf k'?if

slyt tNnf] hft

slyt dflyNNff] hft

slyt tNnf] hft

slyt dflyNNff] hft

! kfl/jfl/s v]ltkftL @#% #*% !%% @%%


@ v]ltafx]saf6 x'g] cfDbfgL

( ) !& )

# k|hgg÷3/fo;L #) @@ ( (

$ ;fdflhs @& @$ #& #^

% aflx/ !! !^ @@ @(;|f]t M Sofd/g, @))% M (# df tflnsf ^ .

tflnsf %=!$ tLgj6f s'/fdf slyt tNnf] hftsf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] sfdsf] t'ngf=!$ tLgj6f s'/fdf slyt tNnf] hftsf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] sfdsf] t'ngf!$ tLgj6f s'/fdf slyt tNnf] hftsf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] sfdsf] t'ngf

qmd ;ª\Vof sfdsf] k|sf/ dlxnf k'?if

! Kfl/jfl/s v]ltkftL ^*% @^%@ aflx/af6 x'g] cfDbfgL @# $)

# /Llt–efUo ( #$;|f]t M Sofd/g, @))% M !)) df tflnsf * .Sofd/gsf] cfkm\gf] cWoogdf s[lif dhb'/Lsf] sfd w]/}h;f] blntx¿n] ub{5g\ . blnt dlxnfx¿n] uf]8d]n ug]{, dn af]Sg], aLp jf a]gf{ /f]Kg]nufotsf sfdx¿ ub{5g\ . PsltxfOhlt blnt hftsf pQ/bftfx¿n] s'nf] / gx/ vGg], a]gf{ /f]Kg], dnvfb af]Sg]nufotsf sfdx¿ ub{5g\ .

tflnsf %=!% Hofnfbf/Ldf egf{ ul/Psf s[lifdhb'/x¿sf ljz]iftfx¿=!% Hofnfbf/Ldf egf{ ul/Psf s[lifdhb'/x¿sf ljz]iftfx¿!% Hofnfbf/Ldf egf{ ul/Psf s[lifdhb'/x¿sf ljz]iftfx¿

sfdsf] lsl;d

hf]Tg] / lap 5g]{

gx/ vGg] *

dnvfb af]Sg]

a]gf{ /f]Kg] emf/kft pv]Ng]÷vGg]

hDdf

3/kl/jf/sf] ;ª\Vof

!@ # !( $# #@

k|To]s 3/kl/jf/n] egf{ ug]{ sfdbf/sf] cf};t ;ª\Vof

!=)) !=)) ^=&* (=&@ %=))

k|To]s sfdbf/n] sfd ug]{ cf};t lbgsf] ;ª\Vof

$=%) @=)) @=)) !=&) !=$)

dlxnf ) ) !@(-!))%_

$!*-!))%_

!^)-!))%_

&)&-!))%_

k'?if !@-!))%_

#-!))%_

) ) ) !%-@%_

…tNnf]Ú hft !!-(@%_

@-^&%_

*(-^(%_

@*(-^*%_

!@*-*)%_

%!#-&)%_


…dflyNnf]Ú hft !-*%_

!-##%_

$)-#!%_

!#%-#@%_

#@-@)%_

@)(-#)%_

>ddf vr{ u/]sf] ?k}ofF

#)) ) %)) @.()$ ^%* $,#^@

>ddf vr{ ug]{ vfBfGg -lsnf] u|fddf_

$^=@$ ( @(=() !%%=!) !&%=$) $)^=^)

6LKk0fL M ;j]{If0f ubf{sf] ;fn ;g\ !(*( df $^ 3/kl/jf/n] wfg /f]Kbf egf{ u/]sf] ;ª\Vof . sf]i7sdf lbOPsf cª\sx¿ k|lt hflu/ sf]x6{ k|ltzt xf] . tflnsf !@ df b]vfOPh:t} egf{ ul/Psf] ;a}nfO{ k};f

lbPsf] 5}g . of] tflnsfn] s'g sfddf afx\o ;xof]u rflxG5 / s;n] ;xof]u u5{ eGg] b]vfpF5 .

• gx/ vGg] k'?ifx¿n] kd{sf ¿kdf sfd ub{5g\ .• ;|f]t M Sofd/g @))% M !)^ df tflnsf ( .

l;+rfO / hldgnufotsf sf/-f ahf/df lje]b

u|fdL0f ljQ ahf/ e"lddf cfwfl/t 5 . e"ld C0f lngsf nflu cfjZos 5 eg] lzIff n3'ljQsf nflu cfjZos 5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ blntx¿;Fu e"ld klg 5}g / lzIff klg 5}g . To;}n] blntx¿sf] ljQLo ahf/df kx'Fr 5}g . ufpFaf6 ef/tsf] k~hfjdf sfd ug{ hfg] blntx¿n] ufpFsf] ;fx';Fu g]kfnL ?k}ofF ;fk6 lnG5 t/ ltbf{ eg] ef/tLo ?k}ofFdf ltg]{ u5{ . o;sf] cy{ tLg dlxgfsf] cjlwnfO{ lnPsf] C0fsf nflu ^) k|ltzt Jofh ltg]{ ub{5 . of] clt g} rsf]{ Jofh b/ xf] . blntsf] v]ltof]Uo hUuf gx'g] ePsf]n] l;~rfOsf] cy{ 5}g .

lgisif{df eGbf cTolws ;ª\Vofsf blntx¿sf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s hLjg:t/ bogLo 5 . blntx¿sf] ul/aLsf] cGTo gubf{;Dd g]kfnsf] ul/aL cGTo x'g] 5}g . blntsf] ul/aL ta;Dd cGTo x'g] 5}g ha;Dd e"ldxLg blntx¿n] e"lddflysf] :jfldTj kfpFb}gg\ . To;}n] blntsf ;jfnnfO{ ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLltkqdf ;Daf]wg ug{ cTofjZos 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{df cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;+:yfx¿n] ljQLo / k|fljlws ;xof]u ug]{ ePsf]n] oL k|lqmofx¿df blntx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g] sfd ug{'kb{5 . blntsf hgjsfnt ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx¿ / blntsf nflu sfo{/t cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx¿n] blntx¿sf] hldgdflysf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ nfUg'kb{5 .


cWofo – ^

/fhgLlts If]qdf lje]b

of] cWofo blntx¿sf] /fhgLlts k|lqmofdf ;xeflutf, clwsf/ / :yfgLo zf;g, ljsf; sfo{qmddf blntsf] ;xeflutf / blntlj?4 /fhgLltdf lje]b cflbaf/] s]lGb|t 5 . g]kfndf ;a} s'/f /fhgLltsf] jl/kl/ 3'D5 . blntsf ;jfnx¿ /fhgLlts ;jfnx¿ x'g\ / o;n] /fhgLlts ;dfwfg vf]Hb5 . /fhgLlts If]qdf blntx¿sf] ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf geO{sg blntx¿sf] ;d:ofsf] /fhgLlts ;dfwfg vf]Hg ;lsFb}g . of] cWoogsf nflu ;ª\slnt tYofª\sx¿n] /fhgLlts If]qdf klg blntx¿lj?4 hftLo lje]b JofKt 5 eGg] :ki6 ¿kdf b]vfpF5 .

/fhgLlts k|lqmofdf blntx¿sf] ;xeflutf

/fhgLlts ;xeflutf eg]sf] r'gfjsf a]nf dt v;fNg', g]tfx¿sf] efif0f ;'Gg', r'gfjL cleofgdf efu lng', r'gfjdf pDd]bjf/L lbg', kf6L{sf nflu rGbf p7fpg', g]tfx¿sf efif0f ;'Gg hfg', /fhgLlts jfbljjfb ug'{, gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfddf ;xefuL x'g'nufotsf sfdx¿ x'g\ . /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf lng', ;fj{hlgs kbsf nflu pDd]bjf/L lbg', dt dfUg', r'gfjL cleofg rnfpg', gLlt lgwf{/0f ug'{nufotsf sfdx¿ ;lqmo /fhgLlts ;xeflutfcGtu{t kb{5g\ -;'gf/, @))@_ . ;g\ !(() kl5 blntx¿sf] /fhgLlts ;xeflutfsf nflu cj;/x¿ a9]sf] 5 . o;aLrdf # j6f cfdlgjf{rg, Pp6f dWofjlw lgjf{rg / @ j6f :yfgLo lgjf{rg eO;s]sf 5g\ .

;g\ !((! sf] cfdlgjf{rgdf Pshgf blnt pDd]bjf/ ljhoL ePsf lyP . ;g\ !(($ sf] cfdlgjf{rgdf @)% lgjf{rg If]qdf p7]sf !,$$@ pDd]bjf/x¿dWo] $@ k|ltzt pDd]bjf/x¿ g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ / /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{af6 lyP . oL bnx¿n] p7fPsf pDd]bjf/x¿dWo] *) k|ltzt afx'g–If]qLx¿af6 lyP . @)% ;b:o ePsf] k|ltlglw;efdf ^! k|ltzt lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿ afx'g–If]qL lyP t/ blntsf] k|ltlglwTj eg] z"Go lyof] . ;g\ !((* sf] cfdlgjf{rgsf a]nf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] Pp6f klg blntnfO{ lgjf{rgsf nflu l6s6 lbPg eg] g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ / /f=k|=kf=n] s]xL blnt pDd]bjf/ agfP t/ lhTg] 7fpFaf6 xf]Og, xfg]{ 7fpFaf6 dfq agfP . *( blnt pDd]bjf/x¿dWo] ^^ hgf /fhgLlts bnx¿af6 lyP t/ Pp6} klg blnt pDd]bjf/ lgjf{rgdf ljhoL x'g ;s]gg\ . ;g\ !((! sf] cfdlgjf{rgdf Pshgf blnt pDd]bjf/ ljhoL ePafx]s cGo cfdlgjf{rgx¿df Pp6} klg blnt pDd]bjf/ ljhoL aGg g;Sg' cfkm}Fdf blntlj?4sf] hftLo lje]b xf] -u'?ª / cGo, @))! M @^–@&_ .


/fhgLlts bnx¿df hftLo k|ltlglwTj

;g\ !(() kl5 # j6f cfdlgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . @)% ;b:osf nflu ePsf] klxnf] cfdlgjf{rgsf nflu p7]sf !,#)% pDd]bjf/x¿dWo] blnt pDd]bjf/x¿ !* hgf -!=## k|ltzt_ dfq lyP / tL blnt pDd]bjf/dWo]af6 Pshgf dfq ljhoL ePsf lyP -tflnsf ^=!_ . dWofjlw lgjf{rgdf !,$$@ pDd]bjf/x¿dWo] !( hgf blnt pDd]bjf/ lyP t/ s;}n] klg r'gfj lhTg ;s]gg\ . ;g\ !((( sf] cfdlgjf{rgdf klg $ k|ltzt pDd]bjf/x¿ blnt ;d'bfoaf6 lyP t/ Pp6}n] klg r'gfj lhTg ;s]g . /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;se/ blntnfO{ l6s6 glbg] / lbP klg lhTg] 7fpFdf glbg] ugf{n] k|ltlglwTjljxLgtfsf] l:ylt cfPsf] xf] .

tflnsf ^=! k|ltlglw ;efdf blntsf] pDd]bjf/L / k|ltlglwTj

jif{ pDd]bjf/ lgjf{lrthDdf ;ª\Vof % hDdf ;ª\

Vof

%

!((! !,#$% !*-!& bnaf6 / ! :jtGq_

!=# @)% ! )=$*

!(($ !,$$@ !(-( bnaf6 / !) :jtGq_

!=# @)% ) )

!((( @,@#* *(-^^ bnaf6 / @#

:jtGq_

$ @)% ) )

hDdf %,)@% !@^ @=% ^!% ! )=!^;|f]t M sf]O/fnf, b]jLk|;fb, @))% .

tflnsf ^=@ ljleGg ;dodf ePsf cfdlgjf{rgx¿df hfthfltsf cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj

qm=;+= hfthflt k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj -k|ltztdf_;g\ !((! sf] cfdlgjf{rg

;g\ !(($ sf] cfdlgjf{rg

;g\ !((( sf] cfdlgjf{rg

! afx'g–If]qL %^=&-#&=^ . !(=!_

^!=&-$@=) . !(=%_

%*=!-#&=^ . @)=%_

@ kxf8sf cflbjf;L hghflt

)^=* )^=# )^=*

# t/fO{sf ;d'bfox¿ @!=) @)=) !(=%$ cGo @=( @=) @=%

hDdf !))=) !))=) !))=);|f]t M Gof}kfg] @))) .


blntsf] pkl:ylt Joj:yflksfdf h:tf] /x]sf] 5, sfo{kflnsfdf klg p:t} l:ylt 5 . ;g\ !(%! b]lv @))% ;Dd ePsf !,#)@ dGqLx¿dWo] ^%=@ k|ltzt afx'g–If]qL / g]jf/x¿ lyP eg] dw];L, kxf8Lof ;fdflhs ;d'xx¿ / cGosf] k|ltlglwTj #$=* k|ltzt lyof] -tflnsf ^=#_ . hgu0fgfcg';f/ oL kl5Nnf ;d'xsf] hDdf hg;ª\Vof ^$=% k|ltzt lyof] . ;g\ @))^ kl5 dfq @ hgf blnt dGqL / ! hgf blnt /fHodGqL eP . o:tf] k|ltlglwTj ;sf/fTds 5 t/ kof{Kt eg] xf]Og .

tflnsf ^=# dlGqkl/ifb\df ;g\ !(%! b]lv @))% ;Dddf ljleGg hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj

qm=;+= hfthflt dlGqkl/ifb\ ;g\ @))! df hDdf hg;ª\

;dfg'kflts c+zsf] ;"rfª\s

dGqLsf] ;ª\Vof

k|ltzt

! a|fXd0f #%@ @&=) !@=& @=!#

@ If]qL÷7s'/L #^^ @*=! !&=# !=^@

# g]jf/ !#! !)=! %=% !=*$

$ a|fXd0f÷If]qL÷g]jf/ *$( ^%=@ #%=% !=*$

% dw];L !(* !%=@ @@=) )=$^

^ kxf8L ;fdflhs ;d'xx¿

@@& !&=$ @(=) )=^)

& cGo @* @=@ @=% )=**

* dw];L÷kxf8L ;fdflhs ;d'xx¿÷cGo

$%# #$=* ^$=% )=%$

hDdf !#)@ !))=) !))=)

;|f]t M Pg=l;=l;= P;= @))% .

blntx¿ k|fljlws / k]zfut ljifodf bIf 5g\ t/ pgLx¿sf] :yfg eg] tbg'¿k 5}g . lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|lti7fg, g]kfn d]l8sn P;f]l;o;g, g]kfn gl;{ª P;f]l;o;g, g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª P;f]l;o;gnufotsf k|fljlws tyf j}1flgs ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf blntsf] pkl:ylt 5}g . o:tf ;+:yfx¿df afx'g–If]qLx¿n] %*=! k|ltzt :yfg cf]u6]sf 5g\ .


tflnsf ^=$ ;g\ !((( df j}1flgs / k]zfut ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hftLo=$ ;g\ !((( df j}1flgs / k]zfut ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hftLo$ ;g\ !((( df j}1flgs / k]zfut ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hftLo k|ltlglwTj

qmd ;ª\Vof

;+:yf afx'g–If]qL

dª\uf]n÷ls/ft

dw];L blnt g]jf/ cGo hDdf

! g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|lti7fg

* ) @ ) !) ) @)

@ g]kfn d]l8sn P;f]l;o;g

* ! @ ) # ) !$

# g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª P;f]l;og

!) ) @ ) # ) !%

$ g]kfn gl;{ª P;f]l;og

!) ! ) ) @ ) !#

hDdf #^ @ ^ ) !* ) ^@

k|ltzt %*=! #=@ (=& ) @(=) ) !))=);|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) . l6Kk0fL M dª\uf]n / ls/ft cflbjf;Lx¿ x'g\ .

u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, g]kfn af/ P;f]l;o;gnufotsf gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfx¿df klg blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj Go"g 5 -Tflnsf ^=%_ . blnt / cGo cfGbf]ngx¿n] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu lbPsf] bafasf] sf/0fn] u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltdf Pshgf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

tflnsf ^=% ;g\ !((( df gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hftLo k|ltlglwTj

qmd ;ª\Vof

;+:yf afx'g–If]qL

dª\uf]nn ÷ ls/ft


! g]kfn af/ P;f]l;o;g !% ) ! ) ! ) !&

@ u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 ( @ # ! # ) !^

# g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 !& ) ) ) $ ) @!

hDdf $! ! $ ) * ) %$

k|ltzt &%=( !=^ &=$ ) !$=* ) !))=)

;|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .


gful/s ;dfhsf cGo ;+3;+:yfx¿n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5g\Ù h:t}– u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7gx¿, dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx¿ / b}lgs tyf ;fKtflxs kqklqsfsf ;Dkfbsx¿ . oL If]qx¿df eg] blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj 5}g -tflnsf ^=^_ .

tflnsf ^=^ ;g\ !((( df gful/s ;dfhsf ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj

qmd ;ª\Vof

;+:yf ;+:yf jf k|sf;gsf] ;ª\Vof

afx'g–If]qL

dª\uf]n÷ ls/ft


! g]kfnL u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7gx¿

&@ !)$ !# !! ) *% ) @!#

@ dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\u7g

@& @( @ ) ) & ) #(

# ;Dkfbs M b}lgs / ;fKtflxs kqklqsf

!)$ @!) !( !^ ) !!& @% #^#

hDdf @)# @!) !( !^ ) !!& @% #^#

k|ltzt – %&=* %=@ $=$ ) #@=@ – !))=)

;|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .

g]kfn k|]; sfplG;n /fli6«o ljsf; kl/ifb\, g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ / g]kfn v]ns'b kl/ifb\nufotsf ljleGg kl/ifb\x¿df blntsf] k|ltlglwTj z"Go 5 -tflnsf ^=&_ . of] If]qsf g]t[Tj txdf afx'g–If]qLx¿ cTolws ;ª\Vof -&%=( k|ltzt_ df 5 .

tflnsf ^=& ;g\ !((( df ljeGg kl/ifb\\x¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTjqm=;+ kl/ifb\\ afx'g–

If]qLdª\uf]n ÷ls/ft


! g]kfn k|]; sfplG;n !$ ) ! ) ^ ) @!

@ /fli6«o ljsf; kl/ifb\\ !) ! @ ! ^ ) @)

# g]kfn v]ns'b kl/ifb\\ ( $ ! ) ! ) !%

# g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\\

$ ) # ) ! ) *

hDdf #& % % ! !^ ) ^$

k|ltzt &%=( !=^ &=$ !=%^ !$=* ) !))=)

;|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .


cf}Bf]lus / Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgsf g]t[Tjdf klg blntsf] pkl:ylt z"Go 5 -tflnsf ^=*_ . of] If]qdf afx'g–If]qL -!^=& k|ltzt_ eGbf cflbjf;L hghflt -$&=^ k|ltzt_ / dw];L -#%=& k|ltzt_ sf] ks8 5 .

tflnsf ^=* ;g\ !((( df cf}Bf]lus / Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgx¿sf] g]t[Tj txdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj

qmd ;ª\Vof

;+:yf afx'g–If]qL

dª\uf]n÷ls/ft


! g]kfn RofDa/ ckm sd;{

$ ) !! ) !! ) @%

@ g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3

$ ) $ ) ( ) !&

hDdf * ) !% ) @) ) $@

k|ltzt !^=& ) #%=& ) $&=^ ) !))=);|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .

;lrj, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lnufotsf k|zf;lgs lgsfox¿sf dxTjk"0f{ kbx¿df afx'g–If]qL / g]jf/sf] Psflwsf/ -(#=^ k|ltzt_ 5 -tflnsf ^=(_ .

tflnsf ^=( ;g\ !((( df k|zf;lgs lgsfox¿sf] pRr g]t[Tj txdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj

jif{ afx'g–If]qL dª\uf]n ÷ls/ft


!((% @*-^%=!%_

&-!^=@%_

#-^=(%_

)-)=%_

%-!!=^%_

)-)=%_

$#-!))=)%_

!((( ()-*!=*%_

!-)=(%_

^-%=$%_ )

-)=%_

!#-!!=*%_ )

-)=%_

!!)-!))=)%_

km/s -%_

+!^=& –!%=# –!=% ) +)=@ ) !))=)

;|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .

PsLs[t ljsf; ;"Rffª\sdf blntx¿sf] pkl:ylt b]lvFb}g . s]Gb|sf dlGqkl/ifb\ / ;+j}wflgs kbx¿b]lv :yfgLo lgsfosf dxTjk"0f{ kbx¿df blntsf] k|ltlglwTj guGo -)=#_ k|ltzt dfq 5 -tflnsf ^=!)_ 5 . g]kfnsf] s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Ddsf of]hgf


lgdf{0f / sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] 7fpFx¿df blntsf] pkl:ylt gb]lvgfn] blntsf nflu sfo{qmdx¿ gaGg' cgf}7f] ePg .

tflnsf ^=!) ;g\ !((( df hfltut cfwf/df PsLs[t /fli6«o zf;g ;"rfª\s

qmd ;ª\Vof

lgsfo afx'g–If]qL

dª\uf]n ÷ls/ft


! ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / cfof]u

!*! $ !* ) #@ ) @#%

@ dlGqkl/ifb\ !$ @ # ) ^ ) @%# ;fj{hlgs

k|zf;g@) $ % ) # ) #@

$ ;+;b\\ !%( #^ $^ $* @) ) @^%% /fhgLlts

bnx¿sf] g]t[Tj(& @% @^ ) !* ) !^%

^ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, d]o/ / pkd]o/

!)^ @# #! ) #) ) !(!

& pBf]u / Jofkfl/s If]qdf g]t[Tj

& ) !% ) @) ) $@

* z}lIfs If]qsf] k|fl1s / k]zfut g]t[Tj

&% @ & ! !! ! (&

( ;f+:s[lts If]qsf] k|fl1s / k]zfut g]t[Tj

*% ^ ) ) @@ ) !!#

!) lj1fg / k|ljlw #^ @ ^ ) !* ) ^@!! gful/s ;dfhdf

g]t[Tj$! ! $ ) !* ) ^@

hDdf !,)!! !)* !&) % @#! ) !,%@)k|ltzt ^^=% &=! !!=@ )=# !%=@ !=) !))=)g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] k|ltzt

#!=^ @@=@*** #)( *=&* %=^ )=! !))=)

km/s -Ü_ +#$=( –!%=! –!(=& –*=& + (=^

–!=)

;|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .l6Kk0fL M * /fli6«o ;efsf dgf]lgt ;b:o ** kxf8L blnt dfq *** ;j} cflbjf;L hghflt g;d]l6Psf] .


/fhgLlts bnsf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltx¿df blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj guGo -!=#% k|ltzt_ 5 -tflnsf ^=!!_ . k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltx¿df blntsf] k|ltlglwTj !=* k|ltzt dfq 5 eg] afx'gx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj #* k|ltzt 5 -xf5]y', @))^_ . blntsf] k|ltlglwTj /fhgLlts bnsf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltx¿dWo] g]kfnL sf+u|];df @=& k|ltzt, g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ df !=& k|ltzt, g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ df @=@ k|ltzt / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_df # k|ltzt 5 . /fhgLlts bnsf lhNnf ;ldltx¿df blntsf] k|ltlglwTj $ k|ltzt dfq 5 -tflnsf ^=!@_ .

tflnsf ^=!! /fhgLlts bnsf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltx¿df hftLo k|ltlglwTj

qmd;ª\Vof

hftLo / If]qut ;d'xx¿

k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿

hDdf

k|ltzt

g]kfnL sf+u|];

g]kfnL sf+u|];-k|_

g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_

/fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{

hgdf]rf{

g]dls

kf6L

{ g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{

! afx'g !* ( #) ( !& @ ) *% #*=#

@ If]qL # !@ @ !) # @ ) #@ !$=$

# ;Gof;L ) ! ) ) # ) ) $ !=*

$ g]jf/ ! @ ^ # $ % ) @! (=$

% kxf8L cflbjf;L hghflt

$ % $ & * ) ) @* !@=&

^ t/fO{ ;d'bfox¿

# & ! % @ ) #! $( @@=!

& blnt ) ! ) ) @ ) ) # !=#

hDdf @( #& $# #$ #( ( #! @@@ !))=)

;|f]t M ;f];n ;fO{G; axfM @))^ .tflnsf ^=!@ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] lhNnf ;ldltdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj

hfth

flt

/fhgLlts bn hDdf

g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ g]kfnL sf+u|]; hgdf]rf{ g]=s=kf= -dfn]_ /f=k|=kf=

;ª\Vof

% ;ª\Vof % ;ª\Vof

% ;ª\Vof

% ;ª\Vof

% ;ª\Vof

%

a|fXd0f !& *%=) ^ #%=@) % @(=$! & &)=) $ #^=^^ #( %@=)

If]qL @ !)=) % @(=$! & $!=!& ! !)=) # @&=@& !* @$=)

Dfu/ ) )=) ^ #%=#) # !&=^$ ) )=) $ #^=#^ !# !&=##

g]jf/ ) )=) ) )=) ! %=** ! !)=) ) )=) @ @=^^

blnt ! %=) ) )=) ! %=** ! !)=) ) )=) # $

hDdf @) !))=) !& !))=) !& ((=(* !) !))=) !! ((=(( &% ((=((

;|f]t M ;'gf/, @))@ .

g]kfndf hflto e]befj �0�

/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] uf=lj=;= txsf] ;ldltx¿df # k|ltzt hltsf] dfq k|ltlglwTj 5 . k|ltlglwTj ePsf blntx¿ klg tNnf] txsf kbx¿df dfq 5g\ .

tflnsf ^=!# /fhgLlts bnsf] uf=lj=;= txsf] ;ldltdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTjbn

hfthfltg]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ g]kfnL sf+u|]; /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ hDdf

;ª\Vof % ;ª\Vof % ;ª\Vof % ;ª\Vof %a|fXd0f % $%=$% @ @@=@@ # @&=& !) #@=@%If]qL @ !*=!* ^ ^^=^^ % $%=$% !# $!=(#du/ # @&=@& ) )=) # @&=& ^ !(=#%g]jf/ ! (=)( ) )=) ) )=) ! #=@@blnt ) )=) ! !!=!! ) )=) ! #=@@

hDdf !! ((=(( ( ((=(( !! ((=(* #! (9=(*

;|f]t M ;'gf/, @))@ ./fhgLlts bnx¿sf] j8f txdf eg] blntsf] k|ltlglwTj s]xL ;sf/fTds b]lvG5 .

pbfx/0fsf nflu g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ sf] uf=lj=;= txdf $* hgf hgk|ltlglwdWo] # hgf blnt 5g\ -tflnsf ^=!$_ .

tflnsf ^=!$ g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ sf] j8f txsf] ;ldltdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj

j8fhfthflt

! @ # $ % ^ & * ( hDdf

a|fXd0f ! $ ! @ ! ) @ * $ @#

If]qL ) ) # ) ! ) # ! @ (

Dfu/ $ ! ! ! ! $ ) ) ) !@

g]jf/ ) ) ) ) ! ) ) ) ) !

blnt ! ) ) ) ! ! ) ) ) #

hDdf ^ % % # % ! % ( ^ $*

;|f]t M ;'gf/, @))@ ./fhgLlts bnsf eft[ jf elugL ;+3;+:yfx¿df blntsf] k|ltlglwTj !) k|ltzt

5 -tflnsf ^=!%_ .

tflnsf ^=!% b'O{ k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿sf uf=lj=;= txsf eft[ jf elugL ;+3;+:yfx¿df hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj

/fhgLlts bnhfthflt

g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ g]kfnL sf+u|]; hDDf

c=g]=ls=;+= c=g=d=;+= k|=/f=o'=;+= g]=t=b g]=lj=;+= hDdf

a|fXd0f @ ! ^ % $ !*

If]qL ! * # @ @ !^

Dfu/ % ! @ @ @ !@

ljZjsdf{ ! ) ! ) ) @

g]kfnL -;fsL{_ ) ) ) ) ! !

kl/of/ -bdfO{_ ) ! ! ) ) @

g]kfndf hflto e]befj�0�

hDdf ( !! !# ( ( %!;|f]t M ;'gf/, @))@ .l6Kk0fL M c=g]=ls=;+= Ö clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;ª\u7g . c=g]=d=;+= Ö clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 . k|=/f=o'=;+= Ö k|hftflGqs /fli6«o o'jf ;ª\u7g . g]=t=b= Ög]kfn t?0f bn . g]=lj=;+= Ö g]kfn ljBfyL{

;+3 .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; M g]kfnL sf+u|]; Pp6f 7"nf] /fhgLlts bn xf] . o;sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf #& hgf ;b:ox¿dWo] blnt Pshgf dfq 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;g\ @))@ sf] ljlgoddf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj a9fpg, k|f]T;flxt ug{ / ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ljz]if Joj:yfsf] s'g} gLlt 5}g . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;g\ @))% df ePsf] dxflwj]zgsf] /fhgLlts k|ltj]bg / efjL sfo{lbzfdf pNn]v u/]cg';f/ hftLo 5'jf5"t g]kfnL ;dfhsf] snª\s xf] . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ hftLo / If]qut ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug{'kb{5 / o;f] ug{sf nflu blntnfO{ ljz]if cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf ub}{ blnt / cflbjf;L hghfltx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ kbx¿df k'¥ofpg'k5{ . oL k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ g sfg'gL k|fjwfg agfOof] g Jojxf/df nfu" ul/of] . ;g\ !((( sf] cfdlgjf{rgsf a]nf klg g]kfnL sf+u|];n] w]/} 7"nf k|lta4tfx¿ u/\of] . h:t}– bnsf] x/]s txdf blntsf] oyf]lrt k|ltlglwTj u/fpg], ;+;b\\df blnt ljw]os k|:t't ug]{, blnt kl/ifb\ agfpg], blntsf nflu 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ug]{ cflb . oL k|lta4tfx¿ Jojxf/df eg] slxNo} kl/0ft ePgg\ .

g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_ M of] csf]{ 7"nf] bn xf] . o;sf %( s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿dWo] blnt ;d'bfoaf6 Pshgf dfq 5 . ;g\ @))# df ePsf] Pdfn]sf] dxflwj]zgn] blntn] ;fwf/0f ;b:otf lng rfx]sf] v08df b'O{ jif{sf] ;§f Ps jif{ dfq s'/] k'Ug] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . ;g\ @))# df agfOPsf] ljlgoddf dlxnfsf nflu @ j6f l;6 cf/If0f u/] klg blntsf nflu eg] u/]g . ;g\ !((( sf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v ePsf] blnt;DaGwL k|lta4tfx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

• ;a} hftx¿, cflbjf;L hghflt jf hftLo ;d'xx¿nfO{ ljgfs'g} e]befj ;dfg Jojxf/ ul/g]5 .

• k5fl8 k/]sf hftx¿ vf; u/]/ pTkLl8t blntx¿nfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo / ;/sf/L ;]jfx¿df ljz]if Joj:yfsf nflu kxn ug]{ .

• ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo e]befj, a]OHhlt / pTkL8gnfO{ cGTo ug]{ .

• pTkLl8t hftLo ;d'xsf] ;DdfgnfO{ ;a} 7fpF / /fli6«o hLjgdf sfod ul/g]5 .

• /fli6«o ;efnfO{ ;a} hfthflt, gZn, dlxnf / pTkLl8t ;d'bfo / lk5l8Psf] If]qsfx¿nfO{ oyf]lrt k|ltlglwTj u/fOg]5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ M of] csf]{ 7"nf] bn xf] . o;\sf $% s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf


;b:ox¿dWo} blnt ;d'bfoaf6 Pshgf dfq 5 . of] bnsf] ljwfgdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt, lhNnf ;ldlt, gu/ ;ldlt, ufpF ;ldltnufotsf ;a} txdf Pp6f ;b:o blntsf nflu cf/lIft u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] Joj:yf k|efjsf/LeGbf klg gfd dfqsf] ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @))^ df ePsf] dxflwj]zgsf a]nf of] bnn] …sbdhdÚ cyf{t\ s0ff{nL, blnt, dlxnf, hghflt / dw];LnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ eg]sf] 5 . of] bn Jojxf/df blntnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg eg] sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] 5 .

g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ M of] csf]{ 7"nf] bn xf] . o;\sf #% s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿dWo] blnt ;d'bfoaf6 Pshgf dfq 5 . If]qLo Ao'/f]sf ;b:ox¿df blntsf] ;ª\Vof $) hlt 5 elgP klg oyfy{ tYofª\s pknAw x'g ;s]g . blntsf] ;ª\Vof kf6L{sf cGo txx¿ vf; u/]/ hgjuL{o ;ª\u7gx¿df w]/} ePsf] bfjL ub{5g\ . kf6L{sf] ;lrjfnodf eg] Pshgf klg blnt 5}g . g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ n] lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/Lnufotsf ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts cflb If]qx¿df blntx¿sf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] kIfdf /x]sf] atfpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

cGo /fhgLlts bnx¿ M /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{n] ;g\ !((( sf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf blntsf] ;Lk, k]zf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;, sd Jofhdf C0fsf] ;'ljwf, ;ª\uLt, snf / lzIffdf ljsf;sf nflu 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf, ;/sf/L ;]jfdf cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf / /fli6«o ;efdf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{n] hftLo lje]bsf] cGTo ub}{ blntnfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{n] blntx¿sf] wd{, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 . g]=s=kf= -d;fn_ n] blntx¿sf] pTyfgsf nflu wd{lg/k]If /fHo agfpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{n] lje]bsf/L sfg'gx¿ ;+zf]wg ug]{, :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ lbg], 5'jf5"t pGd"ng cleofg rnfpg] / ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf x'g] 5'jf5"tsf Jojxf/nfO{ b08gLo agfpg] k|lta4tf pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

xfn ljsl;t /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / blnt

;ft bn / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] afx|aF'b] ;xdlt M gf]e]Da/ @@, @))% df ePsf] of] ;xdltsf] k|:tfjgfdf juL{o, hftLo, n}ª\lus / If]qut lje]bx¿ /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf u/L ;dfwfg ug]{ eGg] pNn]v 5 . o;afx]s blntsf af/]df cGo pNn]vgLo a'Fbf s]xL 5}g .

k'g:yf{lkt ;+;b\\af6 P]ltxfl;s 3f]if0ff M dO{ !*, @))& sf lbg k'g:yf{lkt ;+;b\n] g]kfnnfO{ wd{lg/k]If /fHosf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . blntcfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f k|d'v dfu wd{lg/k]If /fHo 3f]if0ff u/ eGg] lyof] .

o'4lj/fdsf ;dodf cfrf/;+lxtf M ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr dO{ @^, @))& sf lbg


ePsf] ;xdltdf blntsf ;DaGwdf s]xL klg pNn]v lyPg .o'4lj/fdsf ;dodf cfrf/;+lxtfsf] cg'udg M h'g !%, @))& df ul7t

cg'udg 6f]nLsf] #) hgf ;b:odWo] Pshgf dfq blnt ;d'bfosf] lyof] eg] % hgf cjnf]sgstf{x¿df Pshgf klg blnt k/]sf] lyPg .

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldlt M h'g !^, @))& df ul7t d:of}bf ;ldltsf ̂ hgf ;b:o afx'g–If]qL dfq lyP t/ kl5 h'nfO !%, @))& df ( hgf ;b:o yKbf Pshgf klg blnt k/]g . w]/} hgbafakl5 d:of}bf ;ldltsf] kbfjlwsf] cGTolt/ Pshgf blnt ;b:o yk]sf] lyof] .

;ft bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr cf7a'Fb] ;xdlt M dO{ !^, @))& df ePsf] ;xdltsf] ;ftf}+ aF'bfdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfWodaf6 /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ub}{ juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo / n}ª\lus ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ k|lta4 ePsf] pNn]v 5 .

zflGt ;lrjfno / zflGt ;ldlt M of] ;ldltdf ePsf !@ hgf ;b:ox¿df Pshgf klg blnt 5}g .

ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿

/fhgLltdf blntx¿sf] Go"g ;xeflutf x'g'sf sf/0fx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ -sf]O/fnf, @))%_ M• /fhgLlts bnx¿ slyt dflyNnf] hftsf] lgoGq0fdf x'g' .• hftLo 5'jf5"t cGTo ug{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] kxn ;3g gx'g' .• blntx¿sf] ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj a9fpg /fhgLlts bnx¿n] kxn gug'{ .• cj;/jfbL k|j[lQ / cfGtl/s ljjfbn] blnt g]tfx¿aLr cfk;L Pstf gx'g' .• ;fdflhs ;jfnx¿ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;a}eGbf sd k|fyldstfdf kg'{ .• ;a} 7fpFdf afx'gjfb xfjL x'g' .• cfwf/e"t ¿kdf /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf nflu bnx¿sf] /fhgLlts

OR5fzlQm gx'g' .• blntx¿aLr j}rfl/s :ki6tf gx'g' .• /fhgLlts k|lqmofx¿df ;lqmo ¿kdf efu lng blntx¿nfO{ r]tgf / OR5f

gx'g' .• /fhgLlts bnx¿n] blntcfGbf]ngnfO{ cfk\mgf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg vf]Hg' .• blnt ;d'bfodf ljBdfg lg/If/tf, clzIff / r]tgfsf] sdL .• blnt /fhgLlts g]tfx¿ / sfo{stf{x¿n] blnt ;d'bfosf] :jfy{eGbf klg

/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] :jfy{nfO{ ;jf]{kl/ dfGg' .o;} u/L t]h ;'gf/ -@))@_ sf cg';f/ blntx¿sf k|d'v /fhgLlts ;d:ofx¿

sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf, lje]bsf/L hfltkfltsf] Joj:yf, blntlj?4 k"jf{u|xL dfgl;stf,


5l/P/ /x]sf] hg;ª\Vofsf] sf/0fn] sdhf]/ df]ntf]n, lg0f{o k|lqmofdf dflyNnf] ju{sf] k|e'Tj, sdhf]/ z}lIfs cj:yf, sdhf]/ k|lt:kwf{, vlr{nf] /fhgLlt, blntdf ePsf] xLgtfaf]w x'g\ .

clwsf/ / :yfgLo zf;g

;g\ !((( sf] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] k|:tfjgfdf blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt / ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ¿kdf k5fl8 k/]sf ju{x¿sf] ;xeflutf a9fOg] k|lta4tf pNn]v 5 . ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf nflu ;|f]tx¿sf] kl/rfng, ;dfg ljt/0f / ljsf; k|lqmofsf] ;+:yfuts/0f u/]/ ;fdflhs ;dfgtf Nofpg] elgPsf] 5 . P]gdf blntsf nflu ePsf k|fjwfgx¿ c:ki6 5g\ . To;}n] blntsf gfddf u}/blntn] kmfObf lng] u/]sf 5g\ . % ;b:oLo j8f ;ldlt :yfgLo txsf] dxTjk"0f{ lgsfo xf] . j8f ;ldltdf Pshgf dlxnf ;b:o clgjfo{ x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 t/ blntsf nflu o:tf] Joj:yf 5}g . ufpF, gu/ / lhNnf ;ldltx¿df Pshgf dlxnf;lxt ^ hgf ;b:o k5fl8 k/]sf] hft, cflbjf;L hghflt / blntaf6 x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 -:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g !(((_ .

pQm P]gdf Joj:yf ePcg';f/ uf=lj=;=, gu/kflnsf / lh=lj=;=n] kl/of]hgfx¿sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ubf{ k5fl8 k/]sf ju{, dlxnf / afnaflnsfnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f] P]gdf blntsf] ;xeflutf of]hgf lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg cflbdf a9fpg] ;DaGwdf s]xL pNn]v 5}g . of] P]gn] :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ cw{Goflos clwsf/ klg lbPsf] 5 . h:t}– s;}sf] 3/df hj/h:tL k:g vf]h]df b08 lbg] Joj:yf 5 . o;sf] cy{ blntn] hj/h:tL xf]6n–/]:6'/fFnufot csf{sf] 3/df hj/h:tL k:g vf]h] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg] eof] . of] P]gn] :yfgLo hgtfx¿nfO{ clwsf/;DkGg agfpg vf]h] klg blntsf nflu eg] s]xL clwsf/ lbPsf] 5}g .

;g\ !((& df ePsf] lgjf{rgdf &#% uf=lj=;= cWoIfx¿dWo] afx'g–If]qL %@=$@ k|ltzt / cflbjf;L hghflt #(=*^ k|ltzt / blnt !=^# k|ltzt lyof] -u'?ª, @))! M !(_ . &#% pkfWoIfdf klg blntx¿sf] pkl:ylt p:t} eP klg blntsf] k|ltzt eg] #=(% lyof] h'g cWoIfsf] k|ltztsf] t'ngfdf w]/} xf] .

;g\ !((& df ePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] lgjf{rgdf !!^ d]o/, pkd]o/sf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgdf afx'g–If]qL $@ k|ltzt, g]jf/ !&=% k|ltzt, g]jf/afx]s cGo cflbjf;L hghflt (=$* k|ltzt / blnt ^=( k|ltzt lyof] . ;g\ !((& d} ePsf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] lgjf{rgdf *@# lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx¿dWo] afx'g–If]qL %( k|ltzt lyP t/ blnt ;d'bfoaf6 eg] Pshgf klg k/]g .

o;cl3 ;g\ !((@ df ePsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf blnt pDd]bjf/ Go"g lyof] eg] ePsf pDd]bjf/x¿dWo] lhTg]x¿sf] ;ª\Vof klg Go"g lyof] . uf=lj=;= cWoIfsf] nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgdf @@% blnt pDd]bjf/dWo] @@ k|ltztn] dfq lgjf{rg


lht]sf lyP -tflnsf ^=!^_ . To;}u/L uf=lj=;= pkfWoIfsf] nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgdf !,#^% blnt pDd]bjf/dWo] &=^! k|ltztn] dfq lgjf{rg lht]sf lyP -tflnsf ^=!^_ . uf=lj=;= ;b:osf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgdf $,)%* blnt pDd]bjf/dWo] #&=^& k|ltztn] lgjf{rg lht]sf lyP . ;g\ !((& df ePsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf uf=lj=;= cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTjdf vf;} cGt/ cfPg t/ uf=lj=;= ;b:o, j8f ;b:o / dlxnf ;b:odf blntsf] ;ª\Vofdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g eg] ePsf] lyof] .

tflnsf ^=!^ :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg / blntsf] k|ltlglwTj

kb !((@ !!(&*pDd]bjf/sf] ;ª\Vof

ljhoL pDd]bjf/sf]

;ª\Vof

hDdf pDd]bjf/dWo] ljhoL pDd]bjf/sf]

k|ltzt

pDd]bjf/sf] ;ª\Vof

ljhoL pDd]bjf/sf]

;ª\Vof

hDdf pDd]bjf/dWo]

ljhoL pDd]bjf/sf] k|ltzt

ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] cWoIf

@)% $% @!=(% #*& &( @)=$!

ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] pkfWoIf

!,#^% !)$ &=^! %!# !## @%=(@

j8f ;ldltsf] cWoIf tYofª\s cg'knAw

tYofª\s cg'knAw

tYofª\s cg'knAw

#,*&$ !,^$* $@=%$

;b:o $,)%* !,%@( #&=^& !(,*$) (,*$& $(=@#

dlxnf ;b:o tYofª\s cg'knAw

tYofª\s cg'knAw

tYofª\s cg'knAw

$,)$% !,(&) $*=&)

;|f]t M ;'gf/, @))@ df tflnsf !* / !( df cfwfl/t .l6Kk0fL M %@ lhNnfsf] tYofª\sdf cfwfl/t 5 .

ljsf;df blntsf] ;xeflutf

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljsf; ah]6sf] b'OltxfO /sd ljb]zL ;xof]udf lge{/ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . ax'kIfLo, låkIfLo bft[ ;+:yf / cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] g]kfnsf] ljsf; sfo{x¿df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . oL bft[;+:yfx¿df g]kfnL sd{rf/Lx¿dWo] blntsf] pkl:ylt eg] !=@ k|ltzt dfq 5 -o:tf] Go"g ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf blntx¿n] bft[ ;+:yfn] ug]{ sfdx¿nfO{ k|efljt ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g .

tflnsf ^=!& ;g\ !((( df ljb]zL bft[ ;+:yfx¿df hftLo k|ltlglwTj=!& ;g\ !((( df ljb]zL bft[ ;+:yfx¿df hftLo k|ltlglwTj!& ;g\ !((( df ljb]zL bft[ ;+:yfx¿df hftLo k|ltlglwTj

;+:yf ;+:yfsf] ;ª\Vof

afx'g–If]qL Dfª\uf]n–ls/ft


cGt/f{li6«o u}=;=;=

!!@ @# !) ) ! !$ ) %$


ax'kIfLo / låkIfLo

@! !% % ) ) & ) #)

hDdf !## #* !% ) ! @! ) *$

k|ltzt – $%=@ !&=* ) !=@ @% ) !));|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .

kfFr bzs nfdf] -!(%* b]lv @))% ;Dd_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] Oltxf;df !*% ;b:ox¿dWo] Pshgf klg blnt k/]sf] lyPg -tflnsf ^=@)_ . oLdWo] **=& k|ltzt afx'g–If]qL / g]jf/ lyP eg] afFsL dw];L / kxf8L cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ lyP .

tflnsf ^=!* /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]udf /fhfsf] zf;g / nf]stflGqs zf;gsfndf hftLo cfwf/df k|ltlglwTjsf] cj:yf

hfthflt /fhfsf] zf;g nf]stflGqs zf;g hDDff-;g\ !(%*–@))%_

;g\ @))! df hg;ª\Vofsf] k|ltzt

;dfg'kflts c+zsf] ;"rfª\s-;c+;'_;ª\Vof k|ltzt ;c+;' ;ª\Vof k|ltzt ;c+;' ;ª\Vof k|ltzt

a|fXd0f #) @*=^ @@% $# %#=& $@# &# #(=% !@=& #=!!

If]qL @$ @@=* !#@ !! !#=* )=*) #% !*=( !&=# !=)(

g]jf/ #^ #$=# ^=@$ @) @%=) $=%% %^ #)=# %=% %%!

hDdf () *%=& @=$! &$ (@=% @=^! !^$ **=& #%=% %=%)

dw];L * &=^ )=@# ^ &=% )@# !$ &=^ ##=) @=%)

kxf8L ;fdflhs ;d'xx¿

% $=* )=!& ) )=) )=) % @=& @(=) )=@#

cGo @ !=( )=&^ ) )=) )=) @ !=) @=% )=)(

hDdf !% !$=# )=@@ ^ &=% )=!@ @! !!=# ^$=% )=)$

s'n hDdf !)% !))=) *) !))=) !*% !))=) !))=) )=!*

;|f]t M g]kfn ;d;fdoLs cWoog s]Gb|, @))% .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIox¿df k|lta4tf hgfP/ of]hgf, gLlt, /0fgLlt / sfo{qmdx¿sf nIox¿ xfl;n ug{ nIo /fVb} cfPsf] 5 . oL nIox¿ 3f]lift ;dodf x'g] s'g} ;Defjgf 5}g . ;g\ @))#÷@))$ sf] g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0fcg';f/ g]kfnsf] ul/aLsf] b/ #! k|ltzt lyof] eg] blntsf] ul/aLsf] b/ $& k|ltzt lyof] -ljZj a}+s / 8LkmL8, @))^_ . blntcfGbf]ngn] lzIff, /f]huf/L / ljsf; sfo{qmddf blntx¿sf] ;xeflutf cy{k"0f{ ¿kdf a9fpg ;+:yfut ;'wf/ / ljz]if Joj:yfsf] dfu ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . k|e'TjzfnL ju{n] blntx¿nfO{ ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿af6 lgof]lht ¿kdf jl~rt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] blntx¿nfO{ gLlt lg0f{o k|lqmof, ;"rgf, ;|f]t, ;]jf / ;DklQaf6 alxis/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . x/]s If]qdf blntsf] ;xeflutf bogLo 5 .


blntx¿ ul/aLsf] b'Zrqmdf km;]sf 5g\ . o'g]:sf]sf] Pp6f k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;d'bfosf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / ;f+:s[lts hLjgdf ;xefuL x'gaf6 alxis/0fdf k/]sf JolQmx¿ a9\b} hfg' clxn]sf] ljZjdf ePsf] 7"nf vt/fx¿dWo] Ps xf] -/fHo ;jnLs/0f sfo{qmd, @))!_ .

tflnsf !=!( ;fd'bflos g]t[Tjdf blntlj?4 lje]b

qmd ;ª\Vof

lje]bsf :j¿k jf If]qx¿


! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

!

pkef]Qmf ;d'x / Joj:yfkg ;ldltnufotsf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿df slyt tNnf] hftsf JolQmnfO{ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsfsf nflu k|:tfj ul/Fb}g

& ^ ! $ !* ! !# ) $ !*

@

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿df slyt tNnf] hftsf JolQmsf] g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf :jLsf/ ul/Fb}g

^ * ) $ !* ! !@ ) % !*

#

slyt dflyNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿n] slyt tNnf] hftsf JolQmsf] g]t[Tj :jLsf/ ub}{g

# ^ ! * !* ) * @ * !*

$a}7s / ;efx¿df blnt g]tfx¿nfO{ ;xefuL uf/fOFb}g

! !@ # @ !* ) ) ) !* !*

%

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿df blntx¿nfO{ b]vfpg dfq k|of]u ul/G5 / lg0ff{os e"ldsf lbOFb}g

( % ! # !* ) ) ) !* !*

^

blnt dlxnfsf] ;d'xdf u}/blnt dlxnf cWoIf jf g]tf x'g'

@ ^ $ ^ !* ) ) ) !* !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .)&

;ª\s]t M ! Ö ljBdfg Jojxf/, @ Ö Jojxf/df gePsf], # Ö Jojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg

ufx|f], $ Ö nfu" gx'g] jf c;fGble{s


blntx¿n] pkef]Qmf ;d'x, Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, cfdf ;d'xnufotsf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf lje]b ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ -tflnsf ^=!(, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf $_ . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿df s] s:tf] ;xeflutf 5, of] g} ljsf;df ;xeflutfsf] Pp6f /fd|f] ;"rs xf] . :ynut cWoogaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ !* j6f blnt hftdWo] ( hftLo ;d'bfosf blntx¿nfO{ gLlt lg0f{o ug]{ e"ldsf glbP/ b]vfpgsf nflu dfq k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] k|j[lQ /x]sf] 5 -tflnsf ̂ =!(_ . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿df & hftsf blnt g]tfx¿sf] g]t[Tj u}/blntx¿sf nflu c:jLsfo{ /x]sf] # hftsf blnt g]tfx¿n] lbPsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ u}/blntx¿n] c:jLsf/ ug]{ cj:yf ljBdfg 5 .

nf]stflGqs kl/kf6Ldf ;xeflutf ;r]tgf / ljsf;sf nflu ckl/xfo{ tTj xf] . ;xeflutfaf6 dfq JolQmJolQmaLr kl/ro, Pscsf{;Fu ePsf ;dfgtf / leGgtfsf] klxrfg, :jfeLdfgsf] ljsf;, /fhgLlts, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k|lqmof / k4ltdf cfk"mnfO{ ldnfpg] k|oTg ub{5 . ;xeflutfn] ;fd'lxs nIo k|fKt ug{sf nflu ljBdfg k4ltdf s] ;'wf/ jf kl/jt{g rflxof], yfxf kfpg ;xof]u ub{5 . ;xeflutfn] hgtfx¿n] cfk"mn] ef]u]sf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ;jfnx¿sf ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{ cj;/ lbG5 . ;xeflutfn] lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog / cg'udg;d]t ug{ ;+oGq agfpg ;Sb5 -u'?ª / cGo, @))! M !!_ .

;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgf, :jfjnDag ;d'x, ;fd'bflos jg, ls;fgaf6 Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] l;~rfO k4lt, vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;d'x cflbdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj Go"g 5 . ;fd'bflos ljsf;df ;fdflhs kl/rfng ubf{ ;d'xut kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbg' ;sf/fTds kIf eP klg o:tf ;d'xx¿df blntsf] ;xeflutf !)=%! k|ltzt dfq} 5 -u'?ª / cGo, @))! M !^_ .

;d'bfosf] txdf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO / lzIffdf ;r]tgfnufotsf ;fd'bflos sfdx¿df >dbfg ug]{ blntx¿ @)=& k|ltzt 5g\ eg] afx'g–If]qLx¿ ##=! k|ltzt 5g\ . ;d'bfosf ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s sfo{x¿ vf; u/]/ hGd, j|taGw, ljjfx / d[To';Fu ;DalGwt sfo{x¿df, ef]h–et]/, k|lzIf0f / tflnd, a}7s cflbdf blntx¿nfO{ alxis/0f ug]{ k|rng sfod 5 .

g]kfndf u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7gx¿ ufp“ufp“df k'u]sf 5g\ . o:tf u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7gx¿df blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj * k|ltzthlt dfq % ( u'?ª / cGo, @))!M !^( . ;/sf/ / bft[ ;+:yfx¿sf] sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt blnt dlxnf, k'?if, afns / aflnsfsf] tYofª\s kfpg ufx|f] 5 . s]xL bft[ ;+:yfx¿n] hfthfltsf] cfwf/df tYofª\s k|bfg ug{ ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu n'y]/g ljZj dxf;+3n] nfeaf6 jl~rt blnt ;d'xdWo] !% k|ltzt blnt /x]sf] bfjL u/] klg blnt ;d'xdf slthgf 5g\ eGg] tYofª\s pknAw 5}g . o:t} u/]/ hd{g ljsf; ;+:yf hL=6L=h]8= n] u|fdL0f ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt

g]kfndf hflto e]befj��0

%),))) 3/kl/jf/dWo] %,))) blntsf 3/kl/jf/ ePsf] atfPsf] 5 . gj]{ ljsf; ;xof]u -gf]/f8_ n] cfwf/e"t / k|fylds lzIffsf nflu aif]{gL] # b]lv ;f9] tLg s/f]8 gj]{nL qmf]g/ vr{ u/]sf] sfo{qmdaf6 w]/} blntn] kmfObf kfpg] u/]sf] ljZjf; u/]sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdn] :yfgLo zf;g sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;n] ufpF ljsf; sfo{qmdcGtu{t ^%) ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿df ePsf k|To]s ;fd'bflos ;ª\u7gn] uf=lj=;=df /x]sf a:tLsf] *) k|ltzt afl;GbfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . o; lx;fan] pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;fdflhs kl/rfngaf6 sl/j b'O{ nfvhlt blntx¿n] kmfObf kfPsf] b]lvG5 -blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3, @))# M @*–@(_ .

/fhgLltdf blntlj?$ lje]b

/fhgLlts If]qdf blntlj?4 lje]b sfod 5 . of] cWoogsf nflu ePsf] :ynut cWoogsf a]nf pQ/bftfx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ lgjf{rgsf a]nf & hftsf blntx¿nfO{ u}/blnt pDd]bjf/n] hfF8–/S;L / df;'–eft vfg nf]EofP/ ef]6 lng] ub{5g\ -tflnsf ^=@)_ . ^ hftsf blnt pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ ef]6 glbg] cj:yf /x]sf] atfPsf lyP -tflnsf ^=@)_ .

tflnsf ^=@) lgjf{rgsf a]nf blntlj?4 lje]bqmd

;ª\Voflje]bsf :j¿k jf If]qx¿

blntlj?4 u}/b}lnt blntlj?4 blnt

! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

/fhgLlts lgjf{rg

!

/fhgLlts bnx¿n] lgjf{rgsf a]nf blnt g]tfx¿nfO{ pDd]bjf/Lsf] l6s6 lbFb}gg\ @ & ^ # !* ) ) ) !* !*

@

/fhgLlts bnx¿n] lgjf{rgsf a]nf blnt dlxnf g]tfx¿nfO{ pDd]bjf/Lsf] l6s6 lbFb}gg\ $ ^ % # !* ) ) ) !* !*

#blnt pDd]bjf/nfO{ dtbftfx¿n] blnt ePs} gftfn] x]k]/ dt v;fNb}gg\ ^ $ @ ^ !* ) & # * !*

$ lgjf{rg cleofgsf a]nf pDd]bjf/x¿ blnt a:tLdf hfFb}gg\ ! !& ) ) !* ) !^ ) @ !*

%

lgjf{rg cleofgsf a]nf pDd]bjf/x¿n] blnt dtbftfx¿nfO{ hfF8/S;L, df;'eft vfg nf]EofP/ ef]6 tfGg vf]H5g\ & & $ ) !* ! !! # # !*

^lgjf{rg cleofgsf a]nf pDd]bjf/x¿n] blnt ;jfnx¿ p7fpg] ub}{gg\ % !! @ ) !* ) !% ) # !*


&

Eff]6 v;fNg] a]nfdf blnt dtbftfx¿sf] 5'§} nfOg x'G5 jf k5fl8 a:g'k5{ jf u}/blntn] ef]6 v;fn]kl5 dfq v;fNg kfOG5 ) !* ) ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

*

lgjf{rg cleofgsf a]nf blnt sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ;'/Iff, lj/f]wL;Fu n8\g]le8\g] / kf]:6/ 6fF:g]h:tf ufx|f] sfddf v6fpg] ub{5g\ ! * $ % !* ) ) ) !* !*

(dtbftf lzIff / lgjf{rg ;fdu|Lx¿ blnt a:tLdf afFl8b}g ) !* ) ) !* ) !^ ) @ !*

!)

lgjf{rg cleofgsf a]nf pDd]bjf/x¿n] blnt a:tLglhs hg;d'bfosf] e]nf u/fpFb}gg\ # !$ ! ) !* ) !^ ) @ !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .)&;ª\s]t M ! Ö ljBdfg Jojxf/, @ Ö Jojxf/df gePsf,] # Ö Jojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg


:ynut cWoogsf a]nf pQ/bftfx¿n] atfPcg';f/ blnt dtbftfx¿sf] ef]6 lsGg] sfd x'G5 -tflnsf ^=@!_ . blntx¿sf] gfd dtbftf ;"rLdf 5'6fpg], blnt a:tLdf dtbftf ;r]tgf cleofg ;~rfng gug]{ / blnt dtbftfnfO{ ef]6 v;fNg b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfd x'G5 -tflnsf ^=@!, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf $_ .

tflnsf ^=@! dtbfgsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ blntlj?4 ul/g] lje]bqmd

;ª\Voflje]bsf :j¿k jf If]qx¿


! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

dtbfgsf] clwsf/

!blntx¿n] :jtGqtfk"j{s ef]6 xfNg kfpFb}gg\

! !% @ ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

@dtbftf ;"rLdf blntsf] gfd 5'6fOG5

# !# @ ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

#blnt a:tL;Dd dtbftf lzIff sfo{qmd k'Ub}g

# !$ ! ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

$bnx¿n] blnt dtbftfx¿nfO{ ef]6 v;fNg k|]/0ff lbFb}gg\

# !% ) ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

%blntsf] ef]6 lsGg] k|of; x'G5

( # % ! !* ! !# ) $ !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .)&;ª\s]t M ! Ö ljBdfg Jojxf/, @ Ö Jojxf/df gePsf], # Ö Jojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg ufx|f], $ Ö nfu" gx'g] jf c;fGble{s


lgisif{df /fhgLltsf] dxTjk"0f{ kbx¿df blntsf] ;xeflutf guGo 5 . s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Ddsf] /fhgLltdf blntsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf geP;Dd g t g]kfn nf]stflGqs x'g ;S5 g blntx¿n] cfk\mgf clwsf/x¿ pkef]u ug{ kfpF5g\ . /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] cfGtl/s nf]stfGqLs/0f, /fHosf ;a} txx¿df blntx¿sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ljz]if Joj:yf geP;Dd g]kfnsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sg] 5}g .


cWofo – &

lzIffdf lje]b

of] cWofo lzIffdf blntlj?4 ePsf lje]bsf] P]ltxfl;s emns, egf{, k9\g 5f8\g], bf}Ft/L, lzIfs / Joj:yfkgaf6 x'g] lje]b / kf7\oqmddf x'g] hftLo lje]bsf af/]df s]lGb|t 5 . of] cWofosf] cGtdf ;/sf/af6 blntsf] lzIffsf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿ vf; u/]/ 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yfsf af/]df klg rrf{ ul/g]5 .

lzIffdf blntlj?$ ePsf lje]bsf] P]ltxfl;s emns

g]kfndf blntx¿nfO{ lzIffaf6 jl~rt ug]{ lxGb" ljrf/wf/f / j0f{jfbL hftkftsf] k|yf ;lbof}+b]lv rlncfPsf] 5 . dg'sf] j0f{jfbL Joj:yfdf lzIffsf Ps dfq xsbf/ afx'gx¿ / blntx¿n] zf/Ll/s >dsf sfdafx]s lzIff u|x0f ug{ lgif]w ul/Psf] lyof] . dg':d[ltdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ z'b|x¿n] n]vk9 u/]df lha|f] sf6\g'kg]{ / ;'g]sf] v08df sfgdf tftf] klUnPsf] l;;f vGofpg'kb{5 -zdf{, !((#_ . lnR5jL zf;sx¿n] snfsf}zndf pGglt u/] klg blntsf nflu eg] s]xL u/]gg\ -sf]O/fnf, !((^ M $@–$#_ . dNn /fhfx¿n] -*&(–!&^*_ lzIffsf If]qdf s]xL sfd u/]sf eP klg tL dflyNnf ju{sf nflu dfq lyP / lzIffsf] p2]Zo ;f+:s[lts / sd{sf08L lyP -sf]O/fnf, !((^_ . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] -!&^(–!*#!_ /fHosf] ef}uf]lns PsLs/0f u/] t/ lzIffdf s]xL u/]gg\ . /f0ff zf;sxx¿n] -!*%$–!(%)_ ;Dd ;j{;fw/0f g]kfnL hgtfsf] lzIffsf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf gsf/fTds wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] ljBfno, lzIff / lzIfs cflbnfO{ cfk\mgf] lg/ª\s'z zf;gsf] lj/f]wL b]v]sf lyP . /f0ff k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] o'/f]k e|d0f u/L g]kfn kms]{kl5 s]xL z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿ :yfkgf u/] t/ tL /f0ffx¿nfO{, k|zf;lgs sfd ug]{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pTkfbg ug{ / ljb]zLx¿nfO{ b]vfpgsf nflu dfq lyP . kmntM ;g\ !(%) ;Dd g]kfnsf s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] (* k|ltzt lg/If/ lyP . lzIffljb\x¿sf cg';f/ ;g\ !(%) cl3 !)) hgfeGbf sd blntx¿n] dfq lzIff k|fKt u/]sf lyP -sf]O/fnf, !((^ M $#–$$_ .

hxflgofF PstGqLo /f0ffzf;gnfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngn] cGTo u/L k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf eof] . hgtfx¿n] :jtM:k"mt{ ¿kdf ljBfno :yfkgf ug]{ sfdx¿df tLj|tf cfof] / ;/sf/n] klg ;Sbf] dbt lbof] . w]/} 7fpFdf blntx¿ klg ljBfno hfg yfn] / lzIfsx¿n] klg blnt ljBfyL{k|lt ;+j]bgzLntf b]vfP -sf]O/fnf, !((^ M $%_ . ;g\ !(^) df /fhf dx]Gb|n] lg/ª\s'z lgb{nLo k~rfotL /fhgLlts Joj:yf nfu" u/]kl5 blntnfO{ ljZjljBfnodf k9\bf lgMz'Ns x'g] Joj:yfafx]s cGo


s'g} Joj:yf u/]g . of] ;dodf ufpFufpFdf ljBfnox¿ vf]lnPsfn] blntx¿n] klg cWoog ug]{ df}sf kfP t/ ;/sf/n] hfltut cfwf/df tYofª\s lng] gu/]sf]n] slt blntn] cWoog u/] eGg] tYofª\s eg] pknAw 5}g -sf]O/fnf, !((^_ .

;g\ !(() df g]kfnL hgtfx¿n] hgcfGbf]ngsf] dfWodaf6 k~rfotL Joj:yf 9fn]/ ax'bnLo Joj:yf NofPkl5 lzIffdf Jofks k|ult eof] . ;/sf/n] k|fylds lzIff ;a}sf nflu lgMz'Ns u/L ;j{;'ne u/fof] . ljBfno egf{ a9fpg ljBfnodf cfk\mgf afnaRrfx¿nfO{ ljBfnodf egf{ u/L k9\g k7fpg] kl/jf/x¿nfO{ vfg] t]n / ux'Fsf] lk7f] lbP/ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ sfd eof] . ;/sf/n] :yfkgf u/]sf] pk]lIft, pTkLl8t blnt ju{ ljsf; ;ldltn] lgDgdfWolds txdf cWoog ug{ blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . lzIff dGqfnon] blntx¿nfO{ Pd=la=la=P;= txdf cWoog ug{ cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

blntx¿sf] ;fIf/tf b/ ;g\ !((! sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ !& k|ltzt ePsf]df ;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ b'O{u'0ff a9]/ ##=* k|ltzt ePsf] 5 -tflnsf &=!_ . blntsf] ;fIf/tf b/ b'O{u'0ff a9] klg of] b/ /fli6«o cf};t %#=& k|ltzteGbf w]/} sd 5 eg] sfo:ysf] *@ k|ltzt, ysfnLsf] &%=^ k|ltzt, afx'gsf] &$=( k|ltzt, g]jf/sf] &!=@ k|ltzt / If]qLsf] ^)=! k|ltzteGbf clt sd 5 . dw];L blntsf] ;fIf/tf b/ kxf8L blntsf] eGbf w]/} sd 5 -z]kf{, @))^_ .

tflnsf &=! hfthfltsf] ;fIf/tf b/ / lzIffhfthflt ;fIf/tf b/ -^

jif{eGbf dfly_k|j]lzsf -P;=Pn=;L=_ / ;f]eGbf dfly

:gfts / ;f]eGbf dfly

Gf]kfn %#=& !&=^ #=$

a|fXd0f÷If]qL ^&=% @$=& %=$

t/fO{ $!=& !^=& @=&

blnt ##=* #=* )=$

hghflt ;d'x %#=^ !@=( @=)

wfld{s cNk;ª\Vos #$=% (=) !=^;|f]t M ljZj a}+s / l8lkm8, @))^ .

blntsf] ;fIf/tf b/ tyf ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ blntx¿ sd /x]sfn] k|j]lzsf -P;=Pn=;L=_ kf; ug]{ / ;f]eGbf dfly cWoog ug]{ blntx¿sf] ;ª\Vof klg sd 5 . k|j]lzsf -P;=Pn=;L=_ kf; ug]{ / ;f]eGbf dflysf] lzIffsf] /fli6«o cf};t !&=^ t/ blntsf] cf};t #=* 5 . :gfts tx jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] /fli6«o cf};t #=$ 5 t/ blntsf] cf};t )=$ 5 .


tflnsf &=@ blntsf] hfthflt / n}ª\lus z}lIfs k|ltztqmd

;ª\Vofblntsf hft ^ jif{ / ;f]eGbf dflysf]

ljBfno lzIff:gfts / ;f]eGbf dfly

k'?if dlxnf b'j} k'?if dlxnf b'j}blnt $#=& @$=@ ##=* )=% )=& )=*kxf8L blnt %@=( #!=$ $!=( )=% )=$ )=%

! sfdL %#=! #!=$ $!=* )=% )=! )=$@ bdfO{ %%=) #%=) $$=^ )=$ )=! )=## ;fsL{ $(=( @*=* #*=( )=# )=! )=@$ jfbL $&=! #@=) #(=@ ) ) )% ufOg] ^@=# #@=! $&=% ) !=! )=%

t/fO{ blnt #)=! !!=% @!=! )=& )=# )=^! rdf/ @&=( (=) !*=( ) ) )@ d';x/ (=* #=* ^=( )=# )=# )=## b';fw @*=% *=^ !(=! ) ) )=@$ tTdf ##=) !)=@ @@=@ @ ) !=^% vTj] @^=$ &=@ !&=@ )=^ ) )=%% jfFt/ #%=( !)=@ @#=$ )=@ ) )^ 8f]d !$=( %=@ !)=# ) ) )& lrl8df/ #$=) !$=( @%=! )=@ )=^ )=#* Wff]jL $^=% !(=! ##=^ @=! )=( !=*!) xnvf]/ #*=! @!=& #)=! ) ) )!! klxrfg x'g

g;s]sf blntx¿$&=^ @#=( #%=% )=& )=@ )=^

;|f]t M cfrfo{, @))& df cfwfl/t .

ljleGg hftsf blntx¿sf] z}lIfs cj:yf km/skm/s 5 . kxf8L blntsf] ;fIf/tf b/ $!=( k|ltzt 5 eg] t/fO{ blntsf] ;fIf/tf b/ @!=! 5 -tflnsf &=@_ . d';x/sf] ;fIf/tf b/ ^=( k|ltzt 5 h'g g]kfnsf ;a} hft–hfltdWo]df ;a}eGbf sd ;fIf/tf b/ ePsf] hftLo ;d'bfo xf] . :gfts jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] lzIff ePsf blntdWo] wf]jLsf] !=* k|ltzt / tTdfsf] !=^ k|ltztafx]s afFsL ;a}sf] ! k|ltzteGbf tn 5 . jfbL, rdf/, afFt/ / xnvf]/sf] z"Go k|ltzt 5 . blnt k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;fIf/tf / lzIffsf] b/ sd 5 .

;/sf/n] blntsf] z}lIfs cj:yf psf:g s]xL sfo{qmdx¿ NofPsf] 5 t/ oL sfo{qmdx¿ kof{Kt eg] 5}gg\ . lzIffljb\ 8f= ljBfgfy sf]O/fnfsf cg';f/ lzIff If]qdf blntx¿n] rf/ k|sf/sf lje]bx¿ ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ . tL o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

• ;+/rgfut lje]b M ljBfnodf ePsf ef}lts / ;fdflhs ;+/rgf blnt


ljBfyL{x¿sf lj?4 lje]bsf/L 5 . blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sIffsf]7fdf k5fl8sf] a]Grx¿df a:g] Joj:yf, ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;fwg / ;|f]tx¿ blnt ljBfyL{x¿sf] kx'Fraflx/ x'g' / blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ vf;} Wofg glbg' cflb ;+/rgfut lje]b x'g\ .

• r'krfk lje]b M ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] blnt ljBfyL{x¿lj?4 lzIfs, ;fyLefO, Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ / cleefjsx¿n] ug]{ k"jf{u|xL Jojxf/x¿nfO{ jf:tf ub}{gg\ . pgLx¿n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljBfnosf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿df efu lng klg xtf]T;flxt ub{5g\ .

• k|ToIf lje]b M blnt ljBfyL{x¿lj?4 x'g] hftLo 5'jf5"t k|ToIf lje]b xf] . o;n] ubf{ w]/} blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] ljBfno 5f8\g] u/]sf 5g\ .

• cWofkgzf:qLo lje]b M blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lzIfsx¿n] g/fd|f zAbx¿ k|of]u u/L ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ / blntsf af/]df gsf/fTds pbfx/0fx¿ lbg] ub{5g\ . blntsf] 1fg, ;Lk, snf, ;+:s[lt, hLjgk4lt cflbsf af/] ;sf/fTds wf/0ff /fVb}gg\ . lzIfsx¿n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k"jf{u|x /fv]/ sd gDa/ lbg] ub{5g\ .

ljBfyL{ egf{

afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwn] ;a} afnaflnsfn] k|fylds lzIff kfpg] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug]{ bfloTj ;/sf/sf] xf] eg]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;a}sf nflu lzIff / ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIox¿df k|lta4tf JoQm u/]cg';f/ sfd ug{ k|oTg u/]sf] 5 -o'lg;]km, @))^_ . g]kfndf afnaflnsfx¿ kfFr jif{sf] pd]/ k'Ubf sIff ! af6 cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] yfngL ub{5g\ . v'b egf{ b/ -g]6 OG/f]nd]G6 /]6_ x]bf{ k|fylds ljBfnodf % b]lv ( jif{sf] pd]/df egf{ x'g] ub{5g\ . k|fylds lzIff kfPsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] pd]/ % b]lv !* jif{nfO{ dfkg u/L s'n egf{ b/ -u|; OG/f]nd]G6 /]6_ nfO{ v'b egf{ b/;Fu pxL txdf bfFh]/ x]bf{ s'n egf{ b/ a9L b]lvPsf] 5 -Go" P/f, @))%_ .

tflnsf &=# ;g\ @))$ df blnt tyf hghfltsf] hg;ª\Vof / egf{hg;ª\Vofsf] c+z-% b]lv ( jif{_

egf{sf] c+z km/s-hg;ª\Vof / egf{sf aLr_

If]q blnt hghflt blnt hghflt blnt hghflt

g]kfn !#=# $#=& *=& @%=* $=& !&=(

lxdfn (=) #)=^ !=( !^=% &=@ !$=!

kxf8 !$=! #&=# &=# !&=% ^=* !(=&

t/fO{ !$=$ %@=@ !@=% #&=& !=( !$=%

pkTosf @=$ @$=% !=( !*=& )=^ %=*;|f]t M lzIff ljefu ,@))$ .


k|fylds txsf] s'n egf{ b/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ;a}eGbf a9L tyf t/fO{ / t/fO{df klg ;nf{xLdf ;a}eGbf sd 5 -tflnsf &=$_ . o;sf] cy{ blnt afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ljBfno egf{ u/fpg] xf] eg] ljz]if k|oTg ug{'kb{5 -lzIff ljefu, @))$_ .

lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf cg';f/ ;g\ @))$ df v'b egf{ b/ k|fylds ljBfnodf *$ k|ltzt, lgDgdfWolds ljBfnodf $$ k|ltzt / pRr dfWolds ljBfnodf #@ k|ltzt 5 -lzIff ljefu, @))$_ . ;g\ @))#–@))$ sf] /fli6«o hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0fcg';f/ ;g\ @))# df v'b egf{ b/ k|fylds ljBfnodf &@ k|ltzt, lgDgdfWolds ljBfnodf @( k|ltzt / pRr dfWolds ljBfnodf * k|ltzt 5 -s]Gb|Lo tYofª\s ljefu, @))#–@))$_ .

ljBfno hfg] pd]/ / ljBfno egf{;Fu ;DalGwt blntsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] tYofª\s x]bf{ w]/} km/s kfOG5 -tflnsf &=#_ . o;n] oltsf w]/} blnt afnaflnsfx¿ lsg ljBfnoaflx/ 5g\ eGg]af/]df k|:6 u5{ -lzIff ljefu, @))$_ .

tflnsf &=$ ;g\ @))$ df n}ª\lus, hghflt / blntsf] s'n egf{ b/

If]q hghflt blnt

s]6L s]6f hDdf s]6L s]6f hDdf

g]kfn !@$=@ !#&=) !#)=& !@^=) !#$=^ !#)=%

lxdfn !#^=* !^@=$ !$(=* !&#=% @#$=$ @)$=^

kxf8 !%@=^ !%(=! !%^=( !^*=^ !^!=) !^$=^

t/fO{ (&=# !!%=( !)^=( (#=* !!!=^ !)#=$

pkTosf !$%=# !$(=# !$&=# @**=$ @%%=^ @&!=$;|f]t M lzIff ljefu ,@))$ .

blnt / cflbjf;L hghfltsf] egf{ b/ hg;ª\Vofsf] t'ngfdf w]/} sd 5 . !) b]lv !@ jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf blntsf] hg;ª\Vof * k|ltzt 5 t/ blntsf] egf{ b/ eg] ^=* k|ltzt 5 -tflnsf &=%_ . blnt / cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hg;ª\Vof g]kfnsf] s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] %& k|ltzt 5 t/ k|fylds ljBfnodf pgLx¿sf] afnaflnsfsf] egf{ b/ #$ k|ltzt 5 . blnt hg;ª\Vofsf] !% k|ltztn] dfq lzIff k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . of] /fli6«o cf};tsf] cfwf xf] . t/fO{sf blnteGbf kxf8sf blntsf] z}lIfs :t/ /fd|f] 5 . t/fO{sf d';x/sf] z}lIfs :t/ ;a}eGbf sd 5 eg] rdf/, vTj], b';fwnufotsf t/fO{sf blntsf] z}lIfs :t/ /fd|f] 5}g .

tflnsf &=% ;g\ @))$ df blnt / hghfltsf] egf{ k|ltztblnt hghflt

lgDgdfWolds dfWolds lgDgdfWolds dfWolds

g]kfn ^=* *=! @*=( #)=@;|f]t M g]kfnsf] ljBfno txsf] z}lIfs tYofª\sM emns k|ltj]bg -km\Nof; l/kf]6{_, @))$ .


k|fylds txdf blnt ljBfyL{x¿sf] egf{ b/ ;g\ @))$ sf] t'ngfdf ;g\ @))% df !@=* k|ltztn] a[l4 ePsf] 5 t/ lgDgdfWolds txdf !!=# k|ltztn] tyf dfWolds txdf %)=! k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 -tflnsf &=^_ . blnt ljBfyL{sf nflu ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿n] w]/} sfo{qmd nfu" u/] klg w]/}h;f] blnt s]6fs]6Lx¿ ljBfnoaflx/ 5g\ . cGo hfthfltsf] t'ngfdf blntsf] z}lIfs cj:yf sdhf]/ 5 .

tflnsf &=^ blnt / hghflt ljBfyL{x¿sf] egf{sf] t'ngf

tx @))$ @))% @))^s]6L s]6f s]6L s]6f s]6L s]6f

g]kfnk|fylds !,*^%,)!@ @,!^%,)## !,^#*,$*$ !,*%^,)!^ @,!**,!#) @,$)*,@$(lgDgdfWolds ^%#,!%( &(!,*#* $*@,(^! ^,)),&(! %&@,#&% ^*@,^&*dfWolds @^),$&@ #@&,)($ @)$,^&% @%$,@^$ @$%,&%! @(^,*&^blntk|fylds !($,#(@ @@&,@!# @^@,$*^ @!#,!^( #%%,*!% $)@,%&^lgDgdfWolds $!,(@# %^,@!) #%,%)@ %!,%!& $^,&!& ^$,$@@dfWolds @),^)! @&,@$* (,@@( !$,^!$ !@,%(# !(,)(%hghfltk|fylds $%%,&(@ %(&,)*) &)$,)*% &&@,*&^ *%$,&)% (!!,%()lgDgdfWolds !(#,)*@ @@$,@&$ @)!,(*! @#&,)$! @$%,&($ @&*,^@*dfWolds *!,$!$ (^,)!& &^,^*# (!,*@! (%,$#$ !!!,#*#

;|f]t M lzIff ljefu, @))$÷)% / @))%÷)^ .

ljBfno %f*\g]

k9\bfk9\b} ljBfno 5f8\g], sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] / k9fO k"/f gug]{ sfd sIff ! df a9L x'g] u/]sf] 5 . sIff ! df cWoog k"/f ug]{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof ;g\ !((( df $! k|ltztn] a9\of] eg] ;g\ @))# df %) k|ltztn] a9\of] . sIff $ df afx]s cGo ;a} sIffx¿df blnt s]6Lx¿n] ljBfno 5f8\g] ;ª\Vof pRr 5 -Go" P/f, @))%_ . ;/sf/L ljBfnox¿df k9fOsf] u'0f:t/ sd 5 eg] ljBfno 5f8\g]x¿sf] b/ pRr 5 . JolQmut :jfldTjsf ljBfnox¿df lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ pRr 5 t/ z'Ns dxª\uf] ePsf]n] o:tf ljBfnox¿ blnt ljBfyL{x¿sf] kx'Fraflx/ 5 -Go" P/f, @))%_ .

36gf &=! ljBfno 5f8]sf]

blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] sIff @ ;Dd cWoog ub{5g\ . s]6L ljBfyL{x¿ 3/sf] sfd ug{ ljBfno 5f8\g] ub{5g\ . rf/ sIffdf Pshgf dfq blnt ljBfyL{ 5 . lhNnfdf ^ sIffeGbf dflysf sIffx¿df s'g} klg blnt afnaflnsfx¿n] egf{ u/]sf 5}gg\ . – blnt dlxnf ;+3sf] a];nfOg k|ltj]bg, @))! .


g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3sf] Ps cWoogcg';f/ t/fO{sf blntx¿sf] z}lIfs l:ylt v/fa x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ul/aL xf] . ;'v]{t / a}t8L lhNnfsf lg/If/ blntx¿n] cfkm" lg/If/ /xg'sf] sf/0f ljBfno hfg glbg' xf] eGg] atfPsf lyP . u'NdL lhNnfsf blntx¿n] eg] ul/aLnfO{ g} ljBfno 5f8\g'sf] sf/s tTj ePsf] atfPsf lyP -36gf &=!, g]/fbs;+, @))&_ .

tflnsf &=& k|fylds / dfWolds ljBfnox¿df egf{sf] km/s k|ltztdf

tx hg;ª\Vof egf{ km/sk|fylds txdf egf{ -5 b]lv ( jif{_

!#=# *=& $=^

lgDgdfWolds txdf egf{ -!) b]lv !@ jif{_

*=) ^=* !=@

hDdf @!=* !%=% ^=#Total 21.8 15.5 6.3

;|f]t M lzIff ljefu @))$ .

% b]lv !@ jif{ pd]/sf blnt afnaflnsfx¿sf] hg;ª\Vof @!=* k|ltzt 5 t/ egf{ b/ eg] !%=% k|ltzt dfq 5 -tflnsf &=&_ . of] km/sn] w]/} blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] ljBfno 5f8\g] u/]sf] b]vfpF5 . o;/L 5f8\g'sf] sf/0f ul/aL / afa'cfdfn] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fOdf lg/Gt/tf lbg g;Sg' xf] . s]xL blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] eg] ljBfnodf x'g] hftLo 5'jf5"tsf sf/0fn] klg ljBfno 5f8\g] ub{5g\ -36gf &=@_ .

36gf &=@ lzIfsn] lje]b u/]sf] sf/0fn] ljBfno 5f8]sf];'>L /Ltf /fpt -8f]d_ k;f{ lhNnfsf] 8f]d a:tLdf al:5g\ . pgL sIff tLgdf kl9\5g . /Ltfn] elgg\ M …d d]/f] sIffsf] clGtd a]Grdf a:5' . Psk6s cufl8sf] a]Grdf a:bf lzIfsn] dnfO{ xKsfof] .Ú lzIfsn] eg]cg';f/ blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] k9\g x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] k9\g] g} xf] eg] k5fl8sf] a]Grdf a:g'k5{ . /Ltfn] elgg\ M …d}n] Psbd a]jf:tf / x]lkPsf] dx;'; u/F]+ . slxn]sfxLF dnfO{ k9\g 5f8]/ 3/}df a;f}F / s]xL sfd l;sf}Fh:tf] nfU5 . d of] ljBfnodf kl9\bgF . d]/L cfdf cfPkl5 csf]{ ljBfnodf egf{ x'G5' . olb ToxfF klg oxfFh:t} eP k9\g} 5fl8lbG5' .Ú

;|f]t M blnt dlxnf ;+3sf] a];nfOg k|ltj]bg, @))! .


blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] ljBfno 5f8\g'sf w]/} sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . sltko blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] blnt ePsf] sf/0fn] 8]/f gkfpgfn] k9\g 5f8\g] ub{5g\ . sltko blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] 3/sf] sfdsfh ug{ / ;fgf efOalxgLx¿ x]g{ k9fO 5f8\g] ub{5g\ . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] blnt lzIffsf nflu w]/} vr{ u/] klg blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k9\g k|f]T;fxg ug]{ Joj:yf gePsf]n] klg k9fO 5f8\5g\ . z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿df blntsf] ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj gePsfn] klg blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ufx|f] k/]sf] b]lvG5 . :gfts cWoog k"/f u/]sf blntx¿sf] ;ª\Vof Go"g 5 . oL :gfts cWoog k"/f u/]sf blntx¿ a]/f]huf/ ePsf]n] gofF blnt ljBfyL{x¿ lzIffk|lt Tolt cfslif{t ePsf] b]lvFb}g . blnt s]6Lx¿ eg] rfF8} laxf ug]{ x'gfn] klg ljBfno 5f8\5g\ . kf7\oqmddf blntx¿sf af/]df w]/} g/fd|f s'/fx¿ /flvPsfn] klg sltko blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] k9fO 5f8\g] ub{5g\ .

blnt ljBfyL{sf] egf{df sdL / k_fO %f*\g] ;d:of

cfly{s ;d:of M $& k|ltzt blntx¿ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg ePsf], k|lt JolQm cfo @#( 8n/, *) k|ltzthlt blntx¿ e"ldxLg / ;x/L If]qdf #* k|ltzt blntx¿ afndhb'/ ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ;/sf/L hflu/df klg blntx¿ guGo 5g\ . ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿sf] jl/kl/ a;f]af; u/]sf blntx¿ (@=% k|ltzt ul/a / @&=$ clt ul/a 5g\ -tflnsf &=*_ .

tflnsf &=* ;fd'bflos ljBfnoglhs a;f]af; u/]sf blntx¿sf] cfly{s cj:yf

cfly{s cj:yf blnt cGo alxis/0fdf k/]sf ;d'xx¿

cGo ;d'x¿ hDdf

pRr )=* @=@ &=! %=#

dWod !^=^ #@=% %)=( $@=%

ul/a %%=! %)=& #%=& $!=#

clt ul/a @&=$ !$=^ ^=$ !)=(;|f]t M laZj a}+s, @))% .

ljBfno egf{ x'g] / 5f8\g] sfo{;Fu cfly{s cj:yf k|ToIf ¿kdf ;DalGwt 5 . blntx¿sf] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf ePsf]n] lzIffdf vr{ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .

lghL If]qaf6 ;~rflnt ljBfnox¿df lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] 5 . o:tf ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf blnt ljBfyL{x¿ ^=( k|ltzt 5g\ -tflnsf &=(_ . blntx¿sf] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfsf] sf/0fn] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff lng g;Sg] cj:yf 5 .

tflnsf &=( ;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf ljBfnodf blntx¿sf] egf{ k|ltzt;fdflhs ;d'x lnª\u ;/sf/L

ljBfnocGo ;/sf/L

ljBfnolghL ljBfno

blnt k'?if &$=% !*=( ^=(dlxnf &@ !*=( ^=(


blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] ljBfno 5f8\g'sf w]/} sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . sltko blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] blnt ePsf] sf/0fn] 8]/f gkfpgfn] k9\g 5f8\g] ub{5g\ . sltko blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] 3/sf] sfdsfh ug{ / ;fgf efOalxgLx¿ x]g{ k9fO 5f8\g] ub{5g\ . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] blnt lzIffsf nflu w]/} vr{ u/] klg blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k9\g k|f]T;fxg ug]{ Joj:yf gePsf]n] klg k9fO 5f8\5g\ . z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿df blntsf] ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj gePsfn] klg blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ufx|f] k/]sf] b]lvG5 . :gfts cWoog k"/f u/]sf blntx¿sf] ;ª\Vof Go"g 5 . oL :gfts cWoog k"/f u/]sf blntx¿ a]/f]huf/ ePsf]n] gofF blnt ljBfyL{x¿ lzIffk|lt Tolt cfslif{t ePsf] b]lvFb}g . blnt s]6Lx¿ eg] rfF8} laxf ug]{ x'gfn] klg ljBfno 5f8\5g\ . kf7\oqmddf blntx¿sf af/]df w]/} g/fd|f s'/fx¿ /flvPsfn] klg sltko blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] k9fO 5f8\g] ub{5g\ .

blnt ljBfyL{sf] egf{df sdL / k_fO %f*\g] ;d:of

cfly{s ;d:of M $& k|ltzt blntx¿ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg ePsf], k|lt JolQm cfo @#( 8n/, *) k|ltzthlt blntx¿ e"ldxLg / ;x/L If]qdf #* k|ltzt blntx¿ afndhb'/ ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ;/sf/L hflu/df klg blntx¿ guGo 5g\ . ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿sf] jl/kl/ a;f]af; u/]sf blntx¿ (@=% k|ltzt ul/a / @&=$ clt ul/a 5g\ -tflnsf &=*_ .

tflnsf &=* ;fd'bflos ljBfnoglhs a;f]af; u/]sf blntx¿sf] cfly{s cj:yf

cfly{s cj:yf blnt cGo alxis/0fdf k/]sf ;d'xx¿

cGo ;d'x¿ hDdf

pRr )=* @=@ &=! %=#

dWod !^=^ #@=% %)=( $@=%

ul/a %%=! %)=& #%=& $!=#

clt ul/a @&=$ !$=^ ^=$ !)=(;|f]t M laZj a}+s, @))% .

ljBfno egf{ x'g] / 5f8\g] sfo{;Fu cfly{s cj:yf k|ToIf ¿kdf ;DalGwt 5 . blntx¿sf] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf ePsf]n] lzIffdf vr{ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .

lghL If]qaf6 ;~rflnt ljBfnox¿df lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] 5 . o:tf ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf blnt ljBfyL{x¿ ^=( k|ltzt 5g\ -tflnsf &=(_ . blntx¿sf] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfsf] sf/0fn] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff lng g;Sg] cj:yf 5 .

tflnsf &=( ;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf ljBfnodf blntx¿sf] egf{ k|ltzt;fdflhs ;d'x lnª\u ;/sf/L

ljBfnocGo ;/sf/L

ljBfnolghL ljBfno

blnt k'?if &$=% !*=( ^=(dlxnf &@ !*=( ^=(

cGo ;LdfGts[t ;d'x

k'?if %$=$ #&=( &=&dlxnf ^% @*=( ^=!

;|f]t M laZj a}+s ,@))% .

hftLo lje]b M blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿df lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / ;d'bfosf u}/blntx¿n] hftLo lje]b ub{5g\ -tflnsf &=#_ . blntx¿n] eGg] ub{5g\ M …k9\of]–n]Vof] sf}g sfd, xNof] hf]Tof] vfof] dfd .Ú To;n] w]/}h;f] blnt s]6fs]6Lx¿n] 3/df a;]/ afa'cfdfnfO{ ;3fpg] ub{5g\ .

36gf &=# 8]/faf6 lgsfnflrtjg lhNnfdf 8]/f u/L a;]sf Pshgf ljBfyL{nfO{ u}/blnt 3/wgLn] 3/af6 lgsfnf u/]sf 5g\ . ha afx'g hftsf 3/wgL zfnLs/fd v/]nn] 8]/f u/L a:g] ljgf]b kl/of/ blnt xf] eGg] yfxf kfP ta pgnfO{ 3/af6 lgsflnof] .

;|f]t M /fhwfgL, @))^ .

ef}uf]lns sf/0f M blnt a:tLx¿ v]lt gx'g] 7fpF jf 8fF8flt/ x'G5g\ eg] v]lt x'g] aF]+;Llt/ slyt dflyNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿ a:b5g\ . w]/} 7fpFx¿df blnt / u}/blntsf] cnu a:tLx¿ 5g\ . blnt a:tLdf hg;ª\Vof w]/} eP klg ljBfno gx'g] / blnt ljBfyL{x¿ u}/blnt a:tLdf ePsf ljBfno hfg sDtLdf klg Psb]lv b'O{ 306f lxF8]/ hfg'kg]{ afWotf 5 . blnt afnaflnsfsf afa'cfdfx¿df cfk\mgf aRrfx¿ ljBfno egf{ * b]lv ( jif{ gk'u];Dd x'+Fb}g eGg] dfgl;stf 5 -dxt, !(((_ . To;}n] w]/} blnt afnaflnsfx¿ 7Ls pd]/df ljBfnodf egf{ xF'+b}gg\ / egf{ ePsf ljBfyL{x¿ klg ljBfno 6f9f kg]{ ePsf]n] aLr}df ljBfno 5f8\5g\ -36gf &=$_ .

36gf &=$ lzIffaf6 jl~rt d';x/ afnaflnsfd';x/ afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm\gf] a:tLj/k/ ePsf ljBfnox¿af6 lzIff kfpg jl~rt /xFb} cfPsf 5g\ . d';x/ afnaflnsfx¿ 5fqj[lQ / ljBfnosf] kf]zfs kfpgsf nflu ljBfnodf egf{ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))% df @)) hgf d';x/ afnaflnsfx¿ ljBfno egf{ ePsfdWo] &% k|ltzt ljBfyL{x¿n] aLr}df ljBfno 5f8]sf lyP . pgLx¿sf afa'cfdfn] klg 5fqj[lQsf] k};f hfF8/S;Ldf vr{ ub{5g\ .

;|f]t M z}lIfs k[i7x¿, @))^ .


blnt cleefjssf] r]tgf:t/ M blnt cleefjsx¿n] cfk\mgf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k/Dk/fut k]zfut sfd l;Sg jf ;fgf efOalxgLx¿nfO{ x]g]{ sfd ug{ hf]8 lbG5g\ . cleefjsx¿n] ljBfnodf egf{ x'g] pd]/ % jf ^ jif{ xf]Og eGg] 7fGb5g\ t/ zf/Ll/s jf afn>d ug{ lbg' xF'+b}g eGg] 7fGb}gg\ -laZj a}+s, @))%_ .

k|ltlglwTjsf] sdL M ;/sf/L gLlt lgdf{tfx¿n] blnt / cGo alxis/0fdf kfl/Psf ;d'bfox¿;Fu k/fdz{, ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj gu/fO{sg lg0f{o ub{5g\ . /fli6«ob]lv lhNnf lzIff ;ldltx¿;Dd blntsf] k|ltlglwTj Go"g 5 . z}lIfs P]gdf ePsf] 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wgn] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf blnt ;d'bfoaf6 Pshgfsf] k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf u/]sfdf ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgn] pQm Joj:yf x6fPsf] lyof] . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf ljz]if Joj:yf xF'+bf ;g\ @))% df &=# k|ltzt ePsf]df ljz]if Joj:yf x6]kl5 #=( k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 . lzIfsx¿dWo]df blnt lzIfsx¿ @ k|ltzt dfq 5g\ -ljZj a}+s, @))%_ . blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj geO{sg ljBfnox¿df blntk|lt ;+j]bgzLn gLlt lgod / Joj:yf x'g] sNkgf ug{ ufx|f] 5 .

k"jf{u|xL /fHo;+oGq M blntx¿nfO{ ljBfnodf k9\g hfg] / kl9/x]sfx¿nfO{ ljBfnodf lg/Gt/tf lbgsf nflu k|f]T;fxg ug]{ /fHo;+oGqsf] cefj 5 . blntx¿n] kxn u/]sf] ljBfnonfO{ :jLs[lt glbg], cfly{s ;xof]u gug]{, lzIfssf] Joj:yf gul/lbg] / cGo k"jf{wf/x¿sf] Joj:yf gug]{ ePsf]n] /fHo;+oGq blntk|lt k"jf{u|xL b]lvPsf] 5 . oL sf/0fn] blnt afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ljBfnodf egf{ x'g jf k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg k|f]T;flxt ub}{g -36gf &=%_ .

36gf &=% ;/sf/af6 ;xof]usf] cefjblnt ;d'bfodf vf]lnPsf ljBfnox¿df blnt ljBfyL{x¿ lr;f] e'OFdf a;]/ cWoog ub{5g\ . g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf] tf?sf ufpFsf] j8f gDa/ % df ePsf] ldhf/ ;d'bfon] ;g\ @))$ df :yfkgf u/]sf] ljBfnonfO{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] :jLs[lt lbPg . To;}n] pQm ljBfnon] lzIfssf] sf]6f kfPg . of] ljBfnodf *) hgf blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] cWoog u/]sf 5g\ . ;|f]t M sflGtk'/, @))& .

a]/f]huf/L M :gfts lzIff xfl;n u/]sf blntx¿sf] ;ª\Vof cGo hfthfltsf] t'ngfdf clt sd eP klg ePsf blnt :gftsx¿dWo] w]/} a]/f]huf/ 5g\ . blntnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jfdf cj;/ lbg] ;/sf/sf] ;sf/fTds k|of; b]lvFb}g . ljleGg ;+:yfx¿df sfd ug]{ @,!!$ hgf sd{rf/Lx¿dWo] #=* k|ltzt dfq blnt ;d'bfosf 5g\ . blntsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cg'kftdf of] k|ltlglwTj clt Go"g xf] -afn arfp sfo{qmd, cd]l/sf,


@))$_ . /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ gePsf]n] blntx¿ k/Dk/fut k]zfdf clNemg jf cGo >dsf] sfd ug{ afWo 5g\ .

;fyL;ª\uLx¿af6 lje]b M ljBfnodf hfg] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ pgLx¿s} ;fyL;ª\uLx¿n] 8f]d, rdf/, bdfO{, sfdL, ;fsL{ cflb ;Daf]wg u/]/ x]nfFxf]rf] ug]{, slyt dflyNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{x¿n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sIffsf]7fdf cufl8 jf vfhf 5f]OG5 eg]/ cfk"m;Fu a:g glbP/ k5fl8 a:g afWo agfpg] u/]sfn] blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] ljBfno 5f8\g] ub{5g\ . Pp6f cWoogn] b]vfPcg';f/ ;fsL{ ljBfyL{x¿lj?4 x'g] x]nfFxf]rf]h:tf ckdfghgs sfo{n] ubf{ ljBfnodf egf{ x'g] 7Ls pd]/df egf{ xF'+b}gg\ -dxt, !(((_ . blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] u}/blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] k9fPsf ljifox¿df 5nkmn ug{ / ;xof]u ug{ gdfGg] ePsf]n] klg blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] k9fO 5f8\g] u/]sf 5g\ .

tflnsf !=!) blnt ljBfyL{lj?4 u}/blnt ljBfyL{n] ug]{ 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/qmd ;ª\Vof

5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/sf ¿k jf

If]q


! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

!

slyt dflyNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{x¿ slyt tNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{;Fu a;]/ vfFb}gg\

# !$ ! ) !* ! !^ ! ) !*

@

slyt dlyNnf hftsf ljBfyL{n] blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ c5"t eg]/ 5'g glbg]

% !# ) ) !* @ !$ @ ) !*

#sIffsf]7fdf ;Fu} ga:g]

) !* ) ) !* ) !* ) ) !*

$ ;Fu} v]Ng g;Sg] ) !& ! ) !* ) !* ) ) !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .;ª\s]t M ! Ö ljBdfg Jojxf/, @ Ö Jojxf/df gePsf], # Ö Jojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg


:ynut cWoogn] b]vfPcg';f/ blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;fyL;ª\uLn] ug]{ 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/ 36]/ uPsf] b]vfpF5 -tflnsf &=!)_ . pQ/bftfx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ !* dWo] # hftsf blnt ljBfyL{x¿;Fu u}/blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] ;Fu} vfF+b}gg\ . !* dWo] $ hftsf blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ u}/blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] vfgf, kfgL / z/L/ 5'g lbFb}gg\ . !* dWo] @ blnt hftsf blntx¿;Fu g5'g] rLh ePsf]n] 5'g xF'+b}g eg]/ u}/blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] 5'g] ub}{gg\ . blntblntaLr x'g] 5'jf5"tsf] ;DaGwdf !* blnt hftdWo] ! hftsf blntx¿n] dfq ;Fu} vfgdf 5'jf5"tsf] Jojxf/ ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . sIffsf]7fdf ;Fu} a:g eg] ;d:of b]lvPg .


slyt dflyNnf hftsf ljBfyL{n] slyt tNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{nfO{ x]nfFxf]rf] u/]/ ckdfghgs zAbx¿ k|of]u ug]{ t/ slyt tNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{n] eg] slyt dflyNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;Ddfghgs zAbx¿ k|of]u ug{'kg]{ cj:yf !* dWo] $ blnt hftsf ljBfyL{x¿n] ef]lu/fv]sf 5g\ -tflnsf &=!!_ .

tflnsf &=!! blnt ljBfyL{lj?4 hftLo lje]b

qmd ;ª\Vof

5'jf5"tsf ¿k jf If]q


! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

!

slyt dflyNnf hftsf ljBfyL{n] slyt tNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{nfO{ x]nfFxf]rf] u/]/ ckdfghgs zAbx¿ k|of]u ug]{ t/ slyt tNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{n] eg] slyt dflyNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;Ddfghgs zAbx¿ k|of]u ug{'kg]{

$ !@ @ ) !* # !% ) ) !*

@

slyt dflyNnf hftsf ljBfyL{n] slyt tNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{nfO{ lstfasf] emf]nf af]sfpF5g\

) !* ) ) !* ) !* ) ) !*

;|f]t M :ynut cWoog, @))^ .)&;ª\s]t M ! Ö ljBdfg Jojxf/, @ Ö Jojxf/df gePsf], # Ö Jojxf/df ePsf] jf gePsf] eGg


lzIfsaf6 lje]b M ljBfnodf l;Sg] / l;sfpg] sfo{df lzIfsx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . clwsf+z lzIfsx¿ afx'g–If]qL ;d'bfosf 5g\ . blnt lzIfs @ k|ltzt / cflbjf;L hghflt lzIfs @ k|ltzt 5g\ . k|fylds ljBfnodf blnt lzIfsx¿ ;a}eGbf a9L ;'b"/


klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qdf $ k|ltzt / ;a}eGbf sd k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]qdf ! k|ltzt dfq 5 . dfWolds txsf lzIfsdf klg blnt / cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] ;ª\Vof clt Go"g 5 . kfFr ljsf; If]qx¿dWo] # ljsf; If]qdf blnt lzIfs 5}gg\ -TRSE, @))%_ . lzIfs ;ª\u7gx¿df klg blnt lzIfssf] k|ltlglwTj Go"g 5 .

tflnsf &=!@ ;g\ !((( df lzIfs ;ª\u7gx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj=!@ ;g\ !((( df lzIfs ;ª\u7gx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj!@ ;g\ !((( df lzIfs ;ª\u7gx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf hfthfltsf] k|ltlglwTj

;+3;+:yf afx'g÷If]qL dª\uf]n÷ls/ft


g]kfn sn]h lzIfs ;ª\u7g

!^ ) @ ) # ) @!

g]kfn lzIfs ;ª\u7g

@$ @ # ! ! ) #!

g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;ª\u7g

@% ) ! ) # ! #)

hDdf ^% @ ^ ! & ! *@

k|ltzt &(=# @=$ &=# !=@ *=% !=@ !))=);|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .

blnt ljBfyL{;“u lzIfssf] Jojxf/

lzIfs / blnt ljBfyL{aLr w]/} 7"nf] vf8n 5 . ;hfo kfpg] 8/n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] lzIfsx¿;Fu v'n]/ s'/f ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] ef]Ub} cfPsf lje]bx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

• lzIfsn] blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ hftn] ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ h;n] ubf{ blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] ckdfg dx;'; ub{5g\ .

• lzIfsn] blnt ljBfyL{n] NofPsf] vfg]kfgL lkpFb}g .• lzIfsn] blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ 5'§} a:g k|f]T;flxt ub{5 .• lzIfsn] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sd gDa/ lbg] ub{5 .• lzIfsn] z}lIfs e|d0f / v]ns'bnufotsf sfo{x¿df blntsf] ;§f u}/blnt

ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] ub{5g\ .• sIffsf] df]lg6/ u}/blntnfO{ agfpg] / pgLx¿n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;hfo

lbg] ub{5g\ .• blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] 3/ ef8fdf lnFbf ;d:of ef]Ug] ub{5g\ t/ lzIfsx¿n]

pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ub}{gg\ .• u}/blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿lj?4 u/]sf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf

Jojxf/x¿ ;xg ;s]g eg] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljBfnodf cfpg /f]s nufpg] ub{5g\ -36gf &=^_ .


36gf &=^ blnt ljBfyL{lj?4 k|ltaGw;/sf/n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lzIffdf k|f]T;fxg ug{ 5fqj[lQ lbg] gLlt NofPs} a]nf dxf]Q/Lsf] Pp6f ljBfnodf blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljBfno k|j]zdf lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . dg/s§L uf=lj=;= l:yt b'uf{ dfWolds ljBfnodf lrGt' /hs, ljZjgfy kl08t, jL/]Gb| e08f/L / 5ljnfn /fdnfO{ blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljBfno cfpgaf6 lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{aLr emu8f ePkl5 of] 36gf 36]sf] xf] . ljBfyL{x¿n] dfkmL dfu] klg of] emu8fsf] sf/0f b]vfP/ k|wfgfWofksn] o:tf] lgif]w u/]sf] xf] . k|wfgfWofks hosfGt 7fs'/n] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lgif]w ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

;|f]t M cGgk"0f{ kf]i6, @))% .

blnt ljBfyL{x¿k|lt s]xL lzIfsx¿sf Jojxf/ c;+j]bgzLn / lje]bsf/L 5 . hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bn] ubf{ sltko blnt ljBfyL{x¿ cfk"mn] /fh]sf] ljBfnodf hfg ;Sb}gg\ -36gf &=&_ . blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] 5'§} a;]/ ckdfghgs tl/sfn] vfg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 -o'lg;]km, @))^_ .

36gf &=& ljBfnodf lje]b lsg <PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf cfOk'u]/ klg hftLo lje]bsf Jojxf/x¿ sfod} 5 . ;a} dfgjx¿ k|s[ltsf pkxf/ x'g\ . ljBfnodf cem} klg e]befj lsg 5 < gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] b"/ u|fdL0f If]qsf ax';ª\Vos hgtf blnt 5g\ . ljBfonsf lzIfsx¿n] blntsf] x}l;otdf Jojxf/ ubf{ ;f¥x} g/fd|f] nfu]sf] 5 . pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ wf/f, vfgf 5'g / efG;fdf k:g lbF+b}gg\ . lje]b eP klg jf:tjdf ljBfno eg]sf] dlGb/ xf] .

;|f]t M z}lIfs k[i7x¿, @))^ .

:ynut cWoogsf a]nf pQ/bftfx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ sIffdf lzIfsx¿n] blntx¿lj?4 ckx]ngf zAb, pvfg6'Ssf / pbfx/0fx¿ lbg] ub{5g\ . % hftsf blnt ljBfyL{x¿ o;sf] l;sf/ ePsf 5g\ -tflnsf &=!#, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf $_ . blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sIffdf k5fl8sf] a]Grdf a:g nufpg], z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u ug{ glbg] / v]ns'bnufotsf lqmofsnfkx¿df efu lng glbg], u}/blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] blnt lzIfsx¿nfO{ clejfbg / ;Ddfg gug]{ ub{5g\ .


tflnsf &=!# u}/blnt lzIfsn] blnt ljBfyL{x¿lj?4 ug]{ hftLo lje]bqmd ;ª\Vof

hftLo lje]bsf ¿k jf If]q

u}/blntn] blntlj? blntn] blntlj4

! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

!

lzIfsn] blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ sIffdf k5fl8sf] a]Grdf a:g afWo agfpF5g\

! !& ) ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

@

blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u ug{ lbOFb}g

! !& ) ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

#

lzIfsx¿n] blnt ljBfyL{sf] u[xsfo{ / sIffsf] sfdx¿ Wofg lgP/ x]b}{gg\

) !& ! ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

$

blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ v]ns'b / cGo ultljlwx¿df efu lng xtf]T;flxt ug]{ jf glbg]

! !& ) ) !* ) ) ) !* !*

%

sIffdf lzIfsx¿n] blntlj?4 ckdfghgs zAb, pvfg6'Ssf / pbfx/0fx¿ lbg]

^ * # ! !* ! !$ ) # !*

^blnt lzIfsnfO{ u}/blntx¿n] clejfbg ub}{gg\

! $ ) !# !* ) $ ) !$ !*

&blnt lzIfsnfO{ ljBfyL{x¿n] 6]b}{gg\

! $ ) !# !* ) $ ) !$ !*




ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 lje]bljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj Go"g 5 . ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ 5fGg] sfd ;DalGwt ljBfnosf] k|wfgfWofks / ljBfono ePsf] j8fsf] cWoIf / uf=lj=;=sf] cWoIfdf ;Lldt 5 . blnt lzIfsx¿ kof{Kt gx'g' / ePsfn] lgjf{rg lhTg] x}l;ot gx'g'n] ;ldltdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj Go"g 5 -sf]O/fnf, !((^_ . sltko 7fpFx¿df k|wfgfWofks / u}/blntx¿n] blntx¿nfO{ ;ldltsf] ;b:odf cfpg glbg ;Sbf] k|of; ub{5g\ .

36gf &=* blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ /f]salb{ofsf] dxDdbk'/ uf=lj=;= sf] j8f $ df cjl:yt uf}/Lzª\s/ lgDgdfWolds ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks /fdgf/fo0f kl08t / k"j{k|wfgfWofks bLjfs/ ld>n] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf blntnfO{ pDd]bjf/L lbg /f]s nufP/ cfk\mg} gft]bf/nfO{ dgf]lgt u/]sf 5g\ .

;|f]t M g]kfn ;dfrf/kq, @))^ .

ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ 5gf}6 ubf{ zlQm, k};f / ;fdflhs ;DaGw dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . blnt;Fu oL s]xL klg 5}gg\ . blnt hg;ª\Vof w]/} eP klg PsltxfO ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf dfq blntsf] k|ltlglwTj 5 -Go" P/f, @))% M #$_ . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] d'Vo sfd lzIfs egf{, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg / lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df Wofg lbg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ xf] .

:ynut cWoog ubf{ pQ/bftfx¿n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ blntlj?4 ePsf lje]bnfO{ /f]Sg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g -tflnsf &=!$, kl/lzi6 s, tflnsf #_ .

tflnsf &=!$ ljBfnodf blnt la?4sf lje]b

qmd ;ª\Vof

hftLo lje]bsf ¿k jf If]q

u}/blntn] blntlj?4 blntn] blntlj?4

! @ # $ hDdf ! @ # $ hDdf

!ljBfnosf] SoflG6gdf hfg /f]s

# ^ ) ( !* ) ) ) !* !*

@

slyt tNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{n] slyt dflyNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{;Fu ;Fu} a;]/ vfg ;Sb}g

# !$ ! ) !* ! !^ ! ) !*


#

slyt tNnf] hftsf ljBfyL{ jf pgsf cleefjsx¿n] ljBfnosf] jgef]h, k"hf, vfhf jf cGo sfo{qmdx¿df ;xefuL x'g kfpF+b}gg\

$ !# ! ) !* ! !% ) @ !*

$

ljBfno kl/;/leq blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kfgLnufot cGo 5'g gx'g] elgPsf j:t'x¿ 5'g lbOFb}g

$ !$ ) ) !* @ !% ! ) !*

%sIffsf]7fdf ;Fu} a:g lbOFb}g

) !* ) ) !* ) !* ) ) !*

^

ljBfnoleqsf vfgfsf] sfo{qmdx¿ h:t}– xn'jf jf vfhf v'jfpg] sfo{qmdx¿df blntnfO{ ksfpg lbOFb}g

# $ ) !! !* ) ) ) !* !*



36gf &=( blnt 5fqj[lQdf e|i6frf/

gful/s ;dfhn] agfPsf] cg'udg ;ldltsf] Pp6f k|ltj]bgcg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbg] blnt 5fqj[lQdf Jofks ¿kdf e|i6frf/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf clwsf/Lx¿ / lzIfsx¿ :jo+ o:tf e|i6frf/x?df ;+nUg 5g\ . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf / lzIfsx¿n] blnt 5fqj[lQsf] b'?kof]u ub{5g\ .

;|f]t M /fhwfgL, @))^ .


kf&\oqmddf lje]b

kf7\oqmd lzIffsf] d'6' xf] -tfjf, !(^@_ . kf7\oqmdn] ;fdflhs Gofo :yfkgf ug{, ;fdflhs e]befjx¿ x6fpg, 3[0ff x6fpg, ;Ddfg hufpg, clwsf/ :yflkt ug{ / ;LdfGts[tx¿sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] kl/jt{g Nofpg w]/} ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 . XofldN6gsf cg';f/ n]vk9 ug]{ / l;Sg] sfd slxNo} ;lsFb}g -XofldN6g, !((^_ . lzIffsf] dfWodaf6 ;f+:s[lts d"Nox¿ lgdf{0f x'G5 / ;fdflhs ;+/rgfn] lzIffnfO{ lgb]{lzt u/]sf] x'G5 . lzIffsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ p2]Zo c;dfgtf x6fpg] xf] . ;fdflhs Gofo lbg] kf7\oqmdn] ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[ltsnufotsf lje]bx¿ cGTo ug{sf nflu ;xof]u lbg] / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5 .

kf7\oqmdx¿ k|fylds, lgDgdfWolds / pRrdfWolds txx¿df tof/ ul/G5 . klxn]sf kf7\oqmd, kf7\o;fdu|L / k7gkf7gsf ljlwx¿ k/Dk/fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg], k|zf;lgs sfo{sf nflu dfgj ;|f]t / ;fwg cfk"lt{ ug]{tkm{ s]lGb|t lyof] . ;g\ !(() sf] hgcfGbf]ngn] NofPsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g;Fu} lghL If]qsf ljBfnox¿n] ljBfyL{x¿sf] dfudf cfwfl/t j}1flgs / Jofjxfl/s ljifotkm{ u'0f:t/Lo cWoog–cWofkgtkm{ Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf] kfOG5 . oL lghL ljBfnox¿n] ljsl;t d'n'ssf lzIf0f ljlwnfO{ cFufn]sf 5g\ . t}klg kf7\oqmdx¿ blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, dlxnfnufotsf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿k|lt ;+j]bgzLn 5}gg\ . kf7\qmddf /flvPsf kf7, syf, pvfg6'Ssf, lrq / pbfx/0fx¿ blntlj?4 5g\ -ljZjsdf{, @))^_ . /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] u/]sf] blntsf] b[li6sf]0fdf kf7\oqmd / lzIfs lgb]{zgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg / cWoogdf b]vfOPcg';f/ ljBfnosf ^ j6f d"n ljifox¿df lgDg sldsdhf]/Lx¿ b]lvPsf] 5 -/fli6«o blnt cfof]u, @))$, @))%–@))^_ M

• kf7\oqmdx¿df blntsf k/Dk/fut k]zfut k|ljlwx¿ h:t}– 3g, cf}+7L, h'Qf cflbsf af/]df s]xL pNn]v ub}{g .

• blnt ;fdfh;]jL, j}1flgs, P]ltxfl;s JolQmTj, ufos, slj / /fhgLlts JolQmTjx¿sf] hLjgL ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5}g .

• hftLo 5'jf5"t tyf lje]b k|ToIf–ck|ToIf ¿kdf cGTo ug{]vfnsf s'g} kf7x¿ 5}gg\ .

• lgDgdfWolds txsf] kf7\oqmddf blntsf] P]ltxfl;s of]ubfgsf af/]df pNn]v 5}g .

• blntx¿n] s[lif ;fdu|L / 3/fo;L ;fdfgx¿ agfpg] pNn]v 5 t/ k|:t'lt eg] gsf/fTds 5 .

• hftLo 5'jf5"t tyf lje]b cGTo ug{sf nflu ;Gb]z hfg] / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ efjgfTds ¿kdf Pstfa4 ug{ blntsf] k/Dk/fut k]zf / syfx¿ ePsf s'g} lzIf0f ;fdu|Lx¿ 5}gg\ .


• kf7\oqmdx¿df blntsf lj?4 gsf/fTds 5lj k|:t't ug]{ c;+j]bgzLn / lje]bsf/L zAb, cjwf/0ff / lrq0fx¿ 5g\ t/ hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{sf nflu rflxg] l;Sg] / l;sfpg] ;fdu|Lx¿sf] eg] lgtfGt cefj 5 .

blntsf] z}lIfs ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/n] u/]sf kxnx¿

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;x;|fAbL ljsf;sf @ j6f nIox¿ ;d]l6Psf] 8fsf/ sfo{of]hgfsf ^ j6f p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{ kxn u/]sf] 5 . oL kxnx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

• ;ª\s6fkGg / nfeaf6 jl~rt ;d'xsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ljz]if Wofgdf /fvL lzz' :ofxf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ / ;'wf/ ug]{ .

• ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf cflbjf;L hghfltsf afnaflnsfx¿n] ;d]t lgMz'Ns clgjfo{ k|fylds lzIff ;a} afnaflnsfx¿, vf; u/]/ s]6Lx¿nfO{ ;d]l6g] u/L ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

• o'jf / jo:ssf pko'Qm l;Sg] / hLjgsf cfwf/e"t ;Lkx¿ l;Sg] sfo{qmdx¿df ;dfg Gofof]lrt kx'Fr u/fpg] .

• ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf dlxnfnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbP/ k|f}9 ;fIf/tfsf] sfo{qmddf %) k|ltztn] a[l4 ug]{ / jo:sx¿sf nflu cfwf/e"t / lg/Gt/ lzIffdf ;dfg Gofof]lrt kx'Fr a9fpg] .

• ;g\ @))% ;Dddf k|fylds / dfWolds lzIffdf n}ª\lus c;dfgtf cGTo ug]{ / pRr u'0f:t/sf] cfwf/e"t lzIff kfpg] s]6Lx¿sf] k"0f{ / ;dfg cj;/df ljz]if Wofg lbg] .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] s]xL blntkIfLo gLltx¿ cufl* ;f/]sf] % . tL o; k|sf/ %g\ M

• lzIff P]g !(&! -cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ M of] P]gcg';f/ k|fylds lzIff lgMz'Ns x'g]5, lgDgdfWolds / dfWolds txdf gfd dfqsf] z'Ns nfUg]5, ;/sf/n] kf7\ok':ts pknAw u/fpg]5, ul/a blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt / dlxnfnfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIff lbg] / lghL If]qsf ljBfnox¿n] !) k|ltzt 5fqj[lQ lbg] .

• lzIff ljlgod @))@ M pd]/ hflt / lnª\usf] cfwf/df ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf / gePsf afnaflnsfx¿sf] tYofª\s 5'6\ofP/ /fVg'kg]{ / of] cfwf/df ;xeflutf a9fpg cfjZos sbd rfNg] .

• ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿n] blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt / s]6Lx¿nfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

jflif{s /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf -@))^–-@))&_ df ;dfj]zL k|fjwfg M lzIff dGqfnon] ;dfj]zL lzIffsf] cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf] 5 . /fd|f] jftft/0f kfPdf ;a} afnaflnsfx¿df /fd|f];Fu l;Sg] v'jL x'G5 . vf; kl/:yltdf ljBfno 5f8\g] jf 5f8\g] ;Defjgf ePsfx¿sf] a]n}df klxrfg u/]/ cfjZos ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / z}lIfs


cfjZostfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn eP/ ;xof]u ug]{ elgPsf] 5 . vt/fdf k/]sf ;d'xx¿df blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, ;8safnaflnsf, åGåkLl8t afnaflnsf, afn>lds, a]lrPsf afnaflnsf, 6'x'/f, h]n k/]sf cflb ;d]l6Psf] 5 . blntnufot oL ;a} afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu ljBdfg ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts / ef}uf]lns afwfx¿ x6fP/ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug{ ljleGg pkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{ klg elgPsf] 5 . ;LdfGts[t ;d'xx¿af6 lzIfsx¿ ;dfj]z ug{ gLltut ;'wf/ Nofpg] klg pNn]v 5 .

k|fljlws lzIff tyf k]zfut k|lzIf-f M blntx¿n] o:tf k|lzIf-f kfpg] u/]sf %g\ .

lzIff dGqfnosf] lzIfs lzIff of]hgf -@))#–@))&_ M ;/sf/n] @,%)) blnt / cflbjf;L hghflt lzIfsx¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg]5 . of] sfo{qmd ;'?df !! lhNnfdf nfu" ul/g]5 .

;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo / ;a}sf nflu lzIff M g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ;a}sf nflu lzIffsf] nIo k|fKt ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfP klg blnt / cGo ;LdfGts[t hgtfx¿k|lt ;+j]bgzLn lzIff / ljsf;of]hgf gagfPsf]n] of] nIo ;dodf xfl;n x'g g;Sg] lglZrt 5 .

blnt %fqj[lQ

;/sf/n] blntsf nflu u/]sf sfdx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L b]lvg] 5fqj[lQsf] sfo{qmd xf] . of] sfo{qmdn] blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kmfObf lbg] eP klg ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / lzIfsx¿n] b'?kof]u u/]sf]n] 3f]lift nIo xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . nlIft blnt ljBfyL{x¿n] 5fqj[lQ kfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

%fqj[lQsf ;DaGwdf ;/sf/n] lgDg Joj:yf u/]sf] % M

• k|fylds lzIffsf nflu 5fqj[lQ M s]xL lhNnfx¿df dfl;s ? @% / jflif{s ? @%) sf] 5fqj[lQ s]xL lhNnfx¿df ;g\ !(($ b]lv ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . ;g\ @))$–@))% df of] sfo{qmdnfO{ &% lhNnfdf nfu" ul/of] . ;g\ @))%–@))^ df dfl;s 5fqj[lQ /sd ?= %)) agfOof] . of] sfo{qmdsf] dfWodaf6 ;/sf/n] %*#,$$! hgf blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ nfe lbg] of]hgf lyof] .

• dfWolds lzIffsf nflu 5fqj[lQ M ;g\ @))# b]lv ;/sf/n] k|To]s blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ dfWodls lzIffsf nflu ? %)) 5fqj[lQ lbg] u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy} blnt ljsf; ;ldltsf] dfWodaf6 !@ hgf h]x]gbf/ ljBfyL{nfO{ k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] .

• pRr lzIffsf nflu 5fqj[lQ M pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blnt ju{ pTyfg ;ldltn] jif]{gL !^% j6f 5qj[lQ blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lbg] u/]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{x¿n] k|df0fkq txdf cWoog ug{ ?= !,%)), :gfts / :gftsf]Q/ txdf cWoog ug{ ?= @,))) / k|fljlws ljifodf cWoog ug{ ?= $,))) kfpF5g\ .


;/sf/n] blntsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] 5fqj[lQnufotsf sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5}g . k|efjsf/L cg'udgsf] cefjdf blntsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] 5fqj[lQ ;/sf/L xflsdx¿af6 b'?kof]u eP/ blntsf] gfddf u}/blntn] kmfObf lnPsf] cj:yf 5 .

blntx¿sf] lzIffsf nflu ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] k|of; ckof{Kt eP klg / sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L geP klg lzIffsf ljleGg txx¿df blntsf] ;xeflutf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . blnt afnaflnsfx¿df ljBfno hfg] k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5 . t}klg ljBfno hfg] pd]/sf #) k|ltzt blnt afnaflnsfx¿ ljBfnoaflx/ 5g\ -a];nfOg ;j]{If0f, @))!_ . tYo / tYofª\sx¿n] lzIffdf vf; u/]/ ljBfno egf{df blnt afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;xeflutf a9]sf] b]lvG5 t/ k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf glbP/ ljBfno 5f8\g] ;ªVof w]/} ePsf]n] ljBfnodf lg/Gt/tf lbg s] ug]{ eGg] 7"nf] r'gf}lt 5 .

k|fl1s, ;flxlTos / snfsd{;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf blntsf] ;xeflutfk|1f–k|lti7fg, l;g]snfsf/ ;+3, k|ultzLn n]vs ;+3, k|fWofks ;+3 cflbdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj z"Go 5 . #) ;b:oLo g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;ª\u7gdf Pshgf dfq blnt 5 .

tflnsf &=!% k|fl1s, ;flxlTos / snfsd{;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj;+3–;+:yf afx'g ÷If]qL dª\uf]n÷

ls/ftdw];L blnt g]jf/ cGo hDdf

g]kfn k|1f–k|lti7fg #& $ ) ) !^ ) %&

g]kfn l;g]snfsf/ ;+3 !% ) ) ) @ ) !&

g]kfn k|ultzLn n]vs ;ª\u7g

## @ ) ) $ ) #(

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno !!@ @ @$ ) &) ) @)*

g]kfn sn]h lzIfs ;ª\u7g

!^ ) @ ) # ) @!

g]kfn lzIfs ;ª\u7g @$ @ # ! ! ) #!

g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;ª\u7g

@% ) ! ) # ! #)

hDdf @^@ !) #) ! (( ! $)#

k|ltzt ^%=! @=$ &=% )=@ @$=^ )=@ !))=);|f]t M Gof}kfg], @))) .lgisif{df blntx¿sf] z}lIfs cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5"tnufotsf

lje]bx¿ cGTo / cf/If0f jf ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos 5 .



cWofo – *

afWofTds >d / blnt dlxnflj?4 x'g] ax'n lje]b

of] cWofodf blntx¿n] lg/Gt/tf lbg afWo x'g'k/]sf] afWofTds >ddWo] xlnof k|yf / blnt dlxnfn] ef]Ub} cfPsf hftLo lje]bsf cltl/Qm n}ª\lus lje]bsf ;DaGwdf JofVof / ljZn]if0f ulPsf] 5 .

afWofTds <d

hftLo lje]b, hftLo cfwf/df ePsf] >dljefhg, lg/If/tf / clzIff, e"ldxLgtf / cw{;fdGtL Joj:yfn] ubf{ afWofTds >dx¿ vf; u/]/ lai6, afln3/], vnf], xlnof cflb k|yfx¿n] lg/Gt/tf kfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . lai6, afln3/], vnf] cflb k|yfdf blntn] u}/blntsf] 3/df jif{el/ cfk\mgf] ;Lk / >dsf] sfd ul/lbG5g\ / u}/blntsf] v]taf6 cGg leq\ofpg] a]nfdf blntn] s]xL wfg, ds}, uxF' cflb cgfh kfpF5g\ . of] k|yfdf kfl/>lds lbFbf gubsf] n]gb]g xF'+b}g . oL k|yfx¿dWo] xlnof k|yf afWofTds >dsf] Pp6f ¿k xf] . x\o'dg /fO6\;\ jfr / ;]G6/ km/ x\o'dg /fO6\;\ PG8 Unf]an hl:6;sf cg';f/ # k|ltzt blntsf] dfq Ps x]S6/eGbf a9L hldgdfly :jfldTj 5 -uf]on, @))% M !!_ . g]kfnh:tf] s[lifk|wfg d'n'sdf e"ldxLg x'g' eg]sf] ;'s'Daf;L jf sd}of jf xlnof x'g' xf] . ;]G6/ km/ x\o'dg /fO6\;\ PG8 Unf]an hl:6;sf] Pp6f k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ o:tf] slyt dflyNnf hftsf k|e'TjzfnL ju{n] C0fdf cfwfl/t afWofTds >d / v]t vfnL /fVg] sfd hfgLa'emL u/]sf] sfd xf] -uf]on, @))% M !!_ . /a6{;g / ld>sf cg';f/ ;j]{If0f gePsf] cj:yfdf s] slt aFw'jf >ldsx¿ 5g\ eGg ;lsGg t/ pgLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof xhf/f}+ ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . /a6{;g / ld>sf cg';f/ oL aFw'jf >ldsx¿n] hLjge/ sfd u/]/ kfpg] kfl/>lds ljsl;t b]zsf Pshgf dflg;n] /]:6'/fFdf vfg vr{ ug]{ k};f a/fa/ x'G5 .

aw'jf <dsf] sf/-f M xlnof k|yf

xlnof k|yf x'g'sf] b'O{ sf/0f 5g\ M != hftLo lje]b / @= C0fsf] aGwg . g]kfndf lxGb" wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;dfhdf cfwfl/t hfltkfltsf] k|yf ePsf]n] blntx¿n] >dhGo sfd ug{'kg]{ / afx'gx¿n] n]vk9 / sd{sf08L k'/]tsf] sfd ug]{ ePsf]n] v]tdf xnf] hf]Tg]nufotsf sfd blntsf] sfd dflgG5 . /a6{;g / ld> -!((& M !_ sf cg';f/ zlQmzfnL k/Dk/fn] blnt jf s]xL cflbjf;L hghfltx¿nfO{ dfq xlnof /fvL v]t vghf]t ug]{ sfd x'G5 . v]ltkfltsf] pTsif{ ;dodf s[lifdhb'/sf] dfu pRr x'G5 t/ slyt dflyNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿n] >dsf] sfd ub}{gg\ . To;}n] o:tf sfdx¿df


blntx¿nfO{ nufpg] k|rng Jofks 5 t/ o:tf] ubf{ blntn] k};f kfpFb}gg\ . /a6{;g / ld> -!((& M @_ sf cg';f/ o:tf] Joj:yf bf;, bf;Jofkf/, To:tf ;+:yf / Jojxf/x¿ cGTo ug]{;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] 7f8f] pNnª\3g xf] . /a6{;g / ld> -!((& M #$–$)_ sf cg';f/ xlnofnufotsf aFw'jf >dn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg'sf !) j6f sf/0fx¿ 5g\ M ;fdGtL cjz]if, ljtf{, hflu/ / /sdsf] e"ldJoj:yf, hldGbf/L Joj:yf, e"ld;'wf/sf] c;kmntf, ;LdfGts/0f / e"ldxLgtf, C0f, C0fdf cfwfl/t v]tL dhb'/L / lje]b . ;]G6/ km/ x\o'dg /fO6\;\ PG8 Unf]an hl:6; -@))% M *_ sf cg';f/ hldgbf/x¿n] blntn] lnPsf] C0fsf] Jofh u}/blntnfO{ eGbf rsf]{ lng] ePsf]n] C0fsf] ;fFjf / Jofh ltg{ g;sL ;fx'sf] aFw'jf >lds eP/ a:g'kg]{ afWofTds cj:yf ;[hgf ug{ hflga'emL ul/Psf] Joj:yf xf] .

xlnof k|yfsf] k|s[lt

v; g]kfnL efiffdf xlnof zAbsf] pTklQ xnL zAbaf6 ePsf] xf] . xnL eg]sf] v]tdf xnf] hf]Tg] dflg; xf] . xlnof k|yf g]kfnnufot blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qdf ePsf] s[lif >ldssf] Pp6f ¿k xf] . xlnof k|yf vf; u/]/ ;'b"/ dWoklZrd If]qdf dfq ePsf] 7flgP klg of] k|yf g]kfnsf] ;a} u|fdL0f If]qdf ljBdfg 5 . xlnof tLg k|sf/sf] ePsf] kfOG5 M != lgoldt xlnof, @= df};dL xlnof / #= k6s] xlnof . xlnof x'g'sf] sf/0f s]xL xhf/ ?k}ofF C0f ePsf] b]lvG5 . blntx¿n] ;fx';Fu 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljjfx / dbf{kbf{b]lv rf8kj{df vr{ ug{sf nflu C0f lng] ub{5g\ . rsf]{ Jofh / cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t gePsfn] hLjge/ C0f ltg{ g;Sg] cj:yf pTkGg x'G5 . o;/L C0f lnPsf] blnt ;fx'n] rfx]sf] cj:yfdf v]ltkfltsf] sfd ug{ afWo x'G5 . lj/fdL ePsf] a]nf ;fx'sf] 3/df sfd ug{ cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf] csf]{ ;b:onfO{ eP klg k7fpg afWo 5g\ . /a6{;g / ld> -!((& M %_ sf cg';f/ blnt aFw'jf >ldsn] C0f d'Qm x'gsf nflu cfk\mgf] e"ld aGwsLdf 5}g eg] a]Rg ;S5 t/ o:tf] ubf{ e"ldxLg x'g hfG5 .

xlnofn] cfk\mgf] hLljsfsf] Joj:yf cfkmF}n] ug{'kb{5 . v]ltkfltsf] df};d ;lsPsf] a]nf xlnofx¿n] sfd kfpFb}gg\ . To;}n] vfnL ePsf] a]nf ef/tdf sfdsf] vf]hLdf hfg] ub{5g\ . aflx/ sfdsf] vf]hLdf uP klg ;fx'sf] sfd ug]{ a]nfdf hxfF uP klg kms]{/ cfpg afWo 5g\ . ;fx' slyt dflyNnf] hft / xlnofrflxF blnt x'g] ePsf]n] ;fx'n] blntnfO{ x]Kg] ub{5g\ . /a6{;g / ld> -!((& M ^_ n] Pp6f tYo syf pNn]v u/sf] 5 h'g o; k|sf/ 5 M

…wfg /f]Kg] a]nfdf d}n] s]xL lbg ljxfgb]lv a]n'sL;Dd lxnf]df sfd u/F]+ . v'§f / kfOtfnf kfgLdf s}og\ lbg leh]sfn] g/fd|f];Fu b'v]sf] / ;'lGgPsf] klg lyof] . d kfgLglhs hfg g;Sg] cj:yfdf lyPF . Ps ;fFem ;fx' 3/df cfP / dnfO{ uf]? Vff]nfdf nu]/ g'xfOb] eg] . d}n] ;fx'nfO{ ;'lGgPsf] / b'lv/x]sf] v'§f b]vfP/ kfgLdf hfg g;Sg] atfPF . d}n] hfGgF eg]kl5 ;fx'n] dnfO{ s'6\of] . c¿ dfG5]x¿ cfP/ dnfO{ s'6\gaf6 /f]s] . csf]{ lbg


ljxfg d}n] uf]? w'g] sfd t ul/gF t/ v]tdf sfd ug{ eg] uPF . ;fx'n] klg s]xL eg]gg\ .Ú

xlnof k'?if blnt x'G5 . dlxnf xF'+b}gg\ lsgeg] Ps t dlxnfn] hf]Tg xF'b}g eGg] cfdwf/0ff 5 / csf]{lt/, dlxnfsf] gfddf hUufsf] :jfldTj gx'g] / dlxnfsf] gfddf k}t[s ;DklQsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] hldg x:tfGt/0f gx'g] / C0f lngsf nflu hUuf aGwsL /fVg g;Sg] ePsf]n] dlxnfn] C0f lng ;Sb}gg\ . xlnofsf] >LdtL / kl/jf/sf cGo dlxnf ;b:ox¿n] ;fx'sf] 3/sf sfdx¿ vf; u/]/ 3fF;kft Nofpg], dn af]Sg], ufO{j:t'nfO{ Vf'jfpg] cflb sfddf ;3fOlbG5g\ . xlnofsf afnaRrfx¿n] ;fx'sf ufO{j:t' / afv|fx¿ v]tdf r/fpg ;xof]u ub{5g\ . /a6{;g / ld> -!((& M @@_ sf cg';f/ xlnofsf afnaRrfx¿ ljBfno hfg] eg]sf] clt b'n{e s'/f xf] / cfwfeGbf sd xlnofx¿n] cfk\mgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno k7fpF5g\ . v]ltkfltsf] a]nfdf xlnofsf 5f]/Lx¿n] ljBfno guP/ 3/df ;fgf efOalxgLx¿sf] :ofxf/ ug{ a:g'k5{ .

blnt dlxnflj?$ x'g] ax'n lje]b

g]kfndf blnt / dlxnf b'j}df Ps¿ktf geP/ ax'ntf 5 . g]kfndf h}ljs / ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts ljljwtf 5 . ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts ljljwtfdf gZn, hfthflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt, lnª\u, If]q / ju{sf] klg ljljwtf 5 . g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] b'O{ s/f]8 krf; nfvhlt hg;ª\Vofsf] cfwfeGbf s]xL a9L hg;ª\Vof dlxnfsf] 5 . blnt dlxnflj?4 ePsf lje]bx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ -tflnsf *=!_ M

• dlxnf blntn] u}/blnt / blnt k'?ifx¿af6 n}ª\lus lje]b ef]Ug] u/]sf 5g\ .

• dw];L blntx¿n] kxfl8ofx¿af6 If]qut lje]b ef]Ug] u/]sf 5g\ .

• u}/lxGb" blntx¿n] lxGb"x¿af6 wfld{s lje]b ef]Ug] u/]sf 5g\ .

• u}/v; g]kfnLefifL blntx¿n] v; g]kfnLefifLx¿af6 eflifs lje]b ef]Ug] u/]sf 5g\ .

• tNnf] ju{sf blntx¿n] dflyNnf] ju{sf dflg;x¿af6 juL{o lje]b ef]Ug] u/]sf 5g\ .


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blnt dlxnflj?$ blnt ePsf] gftfn] hftLo %'jf%"tnufotsf lje]bx¿

u}/blntx¿n] blnt dlxnf / k'?iflj?4 hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b ub{5g\ . blnt dlxnfx¿n] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b ;a}eGbf klxnf u}/blntx¿af6 ef]Ug] ub{5g\ . slyt tNnf] hftsf blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ slyt dflyNnf] hftsf blnt dlxnf / k'?ifx¿n] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b ub{5g\ . blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ blnt k'?ifx¿nfO{ h:t} ;fj{hlgs kfgLkFw]/f, dlGb/ / xf]6n/]:6'/fFnufotsf If]qdf 5'jf5"t u/L k|j]z lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 . u}/blntx¿n] blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ lji6, afln3/] / vnf] k|yfsf dfWodaf6 >dzf]if0f ub{5g\ .

blnt dlxnf / aflnsflj?$

blnt dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿n] u}/blnt, blnt k'?if / afnsx¿af6 n}ª\lus lje]b a]xf]5{g\ . n}ª\lus lje]b cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] ;dfhdf eGbf lxGb" ;dfhdf rsf]{ 5 lsgeg] lxGb" ;dfh lkt[;Qfdf cfwfl/t 5 . blnt k/Dk/fsf] lx;fan] lxGb" wd{, ;dfh / ;+:s[ltcGtu{t kb{5g\ . blnt dlxnfx¿n] u}/blnt dlxnfx¿n] h:t} lq–e"ldsf cyf{t\ k|hgg, pTkfbgzLn / ;fd'bflos e"ldsf lgefpg] u/]sf 5g\ . blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/kl/jf/sf] rf/lbjf/leq aRrf kfpg], aRrf :ofxfg]{ / x'sf{pg], vfgf ksfpg], efF8f dfe\mg], n'uf w'g]h:tf 3/wGbf / r'Nxfrf}sfdf ;Lldt ul/Psf] 5 .

w]/}h;f] blntx¿;Fu hUufhldgdf :jfldTj xF'b}g / ePsfx¿sf] 3/kl/jf/df klg blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ hldg, 3/, uxgf, gub cflbdf kxF'r / lgoGq0f xF'+b}g . afx'gL–If]lqgL dlxnfsf] t'ngfdf blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ >d / cfocfh{gsf] sfd ug{ aflx/ lxF8\8'n ug]{ :jtGqtf 5 .

blnt dlxnfx¿ s'6lk6, anfTsf/ / jrgnufotsf zf/Ll/s / dgf]j}1flgs b'j} k|sf/sf dlxnflj?4sf] lx+;fsf] l;sf/ x'g] u/]sf] ;fyL gfds u}/;/sf/L] ;+:yfsf] Pp6f cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;fyLsf] cWoogcg';f/ blnt dlxnfx¿ anfTsf/sf] l;sf/ x'g] ;Defjgf @! k|ltzt 5 eg] afx'gL–If]lqgLx¿sf] ^ k|ltzt 5 . To:t} u/L Go" P/f gfds lghL If]qsf] ;+:yfn] u/]sf] Ps cWoogcg';f/ r]lna]6L a]rlavgdf kg]{ blnt dlxnfx¿ cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfkl5 bf];|f] 7"nf] ;d'xdf kb{5 -tflnsf *=@_ . ;'b"/ klZrd / dWoklZrdsf kxf8L If]qx¿df blnt dlxnfnfO{ u}/blnt k'?ifn] ue{jtL agfPsf] cj:yfdf c;'/lIft ue{ktg ug{ jf k};f lbP/ c¿ s]6f;Fu ljjfx ug{ afWo kfg]{ ub{5g\ -e§rg / cGo, @)))_ .

tflnsf *=@ ef/tdf of}gsdL{sf] k]zfdf a]lrPsf r]nLx¿sf] k|ltztqmd ;ª\Vof

hft–hflt g]kfndf of}gsdL{;ª\Vof Ö *,@*@

ef/tdf a]lrPsf r]nL;ª\Vof Ö !,(@!

! cflbjf;L hghflt #&=@ $@=#


@ blnt ##=& @^=(

@=! bdfO{, sfdL, ;fsL{, ufOg], ;'gf/ / cGo slyt tNnf] hftsfx¿

@&=* @%

@=@ jfbL $=@ )=^

@=# d';x/, 8f]d, efF8, b';fw !=& !=#

@=$ afx'g, If]qL / t/fO{sf hftx¿ @^=* !*=&

@=% cGo / yfxf gePsf] @=% !!=(

hDdf !))=) !))=);|f]t M PsLs[t ljsf; cWoog ;+:yf, @))@ M !## sf] tflnsf %( df cfwfl/t .l6Kk0fL M PsLs[t ljsf; cWoog ;+:yfn] Go" P/f, g]kfn !((* df cfwfl/t u/]sf] .

dw];L ;d'bfodf dlxnflj?4 x'g] lje]b kxf8sf dlxnfn] ef]Ug] n}ª\lus lje]beGbf rsf]{ 5 . dw];df cem} klg sltko dlxnfx¿n] 3'D6f]n] cg'xf/ 5f]Kg] u5{g\ . cfhsfn ljleGg ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] rnfPsf] n}ª\lus ;r]tgfsf] sf/0f 3'D6f] 5f]Kg] rng x6]/ uPsf] 5 .

x\o'dg /fO{6\; jfr gfds ;+:yfsf] ;g\ !((( sf] Pp6f k|ltj]bgcg';f/ M …g]kfndf blnt dlxnfx¿sf] 3/leq / aflx/ cfly{s ;LdfGts/0f / zf]if0f x'G5 . zf/Ll/s >d / s[lif If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d'x ePsf]n] pgLx¿sf] k]zf kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg, l;gf] p7fpg] / 5fnfsf sfdx¿ x'g\ . hlt sl7g / nfdf] ;do sfd u/] klg Hofnfdf zf]if0f x'g] u/]sf]n] hlt k};f sdfP klg vfgnfpg} k'Ub}g . s]xL ufpFx¿df blnt dlxnfn] jif{df !) b]lv @) lsnf];Ddsf] cgfh sdfpF5g\ / of] sdfOn] hLjg wfGg ;Sb}gg\ . sltko of}g Joj;fo cFufNg afWo ePsf 5g\ . Pp6f hft vf; u/]/ jfbL hftsf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ef/tsf] j]Zofnox¿df of}g k]zfdf ;+nUg ug{ a]lrPsf 5g\ -x]g'{xf];\ l;=Pr=cf/=hL=, @))% M !#_ .

blnt dlxnflj?$ x'g] lx+;f lgDg %g\ M

r]lna]6L a]rlavg M ef/tsf j]Zofnox¿df a]lrg] g]kfnL r]nLx¿df cflbjf;L hghflt / blnt ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿ w]/} 5g\ . blntcWo]tf dLg ljZjsdf{sf cg';f/ o:tf] cdfgjLo sfddf ws]Ng] sf/0fx¿dWo] ul/aL / lg/If/tf k|d'v x'g\ eg] cfsif{0f ug]{ sf/0fx¿df /f]huf/Lsf] e'm7f] k|nf]eg / gSsnL ljjfxx¿ x'g\ -ljZjsdf{, @))% M $$_ .

cGt/hftLo ljjfx M dLg ljZjsdf{sf cg';f/ b'O{ k|sf/sf cGt/hftLo ljjfx ;d:ofd"ns 5g\ . tL x'g\ M blnt s]6L / u}/blnt s]6faLr tyf blnt s]6L / s]6faLrsf] cGt/hftLo ljjfx . blnt s]6f / u}/blnt s]6LaLr ePsf] cGt/hftLo ljjfxdf ePsf ;d:ofx¿df ljjfxkl5 of}g;DaGw /fv]/ ljjfxs} lbg 5fl8lbg], k}t[s ;DklQaf6 ljd'v ug]{, ;d'bfon] b'j} hf]8LnfO{ alxisf/ ug]{, kl/jf/n] sfg'gsf] ;xf/f lnP/ ljjfx u}/sfg'gL agfpg], s]6LnfO{ cgfjZos b'v / dfgl;s oftgf lbg] / s]6fsf] hft tn


v;fNg]nufotsf ;d:ofx¿ d'Vo 5g\ -ljZjsdf{, @))% M $$–$%_ . To:t} u/L blnt s]6f / s]6LaLr ePsf] cGt/hftLo ljjfxdf ljjfxcufl8 Jojwfg, s]6fs]6L b'j}nfO{ dfgl;s oftgf, e'm7f d'2f nufpg], k|x/Lsf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg], 8/wDsL b]vfP/ ljjfx jb/ ug]{ / ;d'bfoaf6 alxisf/ ug]{nufotsf ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ .

bx]h M bx]h dw];L ;dfhdf JofKt 5 -kf;jfg, @))% M ^^–^&_ . blnt b'nxLx¿n] bfOhf] gePsf] jf sdLsf] sf/0f zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s oftgf kfpg'sf ;fy} s]xLsf] bfOhf]s} sf/0f d[To' klg x'g] ub{5 . k|foh;f] dw];L blntx¿ ul/a ePsf]n] bfOhf] 7"nf] ;d:of xf] .

kbf{ k|yf M kbf{ k|yfdf dlxnfn] cg'xf/ / 6fpsf] ;nn] 5f]Kg'kb{5 . o;sf] cy{ dlxnfn] k'?if;Fu af]Nbf 5f]lkPsf] cg'xf/ b]vfpg xF'b}g eGg] xf] -kf;jfg, @))% M ^^–^&_ . sltko dw];L blnt dlxnfx¿n] of] k|yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] k|yfsf] w]/} gsf/fTds c;/x¿ 5g\ . h:t} M dlxnfsf] JolQmTj ljsf; gx'g], lzIff xfl;n ug{ g;Sg], :jtGq;Fu lxF8\8'n ug{ g;Sg] / ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf efu lng g;Sg] cflb .

af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf s'6lk6 M t/fO{sf sltko 7fpFx¿df u}/blntnfO{ s]xL g/fd|f] eof] eg] blnt dlxnfnfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nfUg] u/]sf] 5 -kf;jfg, @))% M ^&_ . cf/f]lkt blnt dlxnfnfO{ u}/blntx¿n] s'6lk6 ub{5g\ .

cfTdxTof M s]xL blnt dlxnfx¿ hftLo / n}ª\lus lje]bsf] l;sf/ ;xg g;s]/ cfTdxTof ub{5g\ .

lx+;fTds åGåsf a]nf of}glx+;f M ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr ePsf] ;z:q åGåsf a]nf blnt dlxnflj?4 of}glx+;fsf 36gfx¿ 36]sf 5g\ . ;]G6/ km/ x\o'dg /fO6\;\ PG8 Unf]an hl:6;sf cg';f/ …dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 cflwsfl/s ¿kdf ;'? ePsf] 3f]if0ff x'g'cl3b]lv g} /fHosf ;'/IffsdL{x¿ cfwf /ftdf blntsf 3/df k:g' / hfF8/S;L vfPsf k|x/L xflsdx¿n] blnt dlxnfsf] of}gzf]if0f ug]{ sfd ;fdfGo lyof] . ljb|f]xsf a]nf ufpF3/df cTolws ;ª\Vofdf ;'IffsdL{sf] t}gfy / pgLx¿;Fu hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg lx/f;tdf lng], ;f]wk'5 ug]{ clwsf/ ePsf] / ufpFn]x¿nfO{ 8/wDsL b]vfP/ of}gb'Jo{jxf/ / zf]if0f ub{5g\ . /fHon] ljb|f]xsf] k|lt/f]w ug]{ qmddf ;z:q ;'/IffsdL{x¿ blntsf 3/df ljgf/f]s6f]s k:g] / blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ l;sf/ agfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))% sf] Pdg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf] Pp6f k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ufpF3/df vf]htnf;sf qmddf ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ anfTsf/ u/]sf s}og\ 36gfx¿ ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . slyt dflyNnf] hftsf ;'/IffsdL{x¿af6 ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿ ljz]if l;sf/ ePsf 5g\ -l;=Pr=cf/=hL=, @))% M #%–#^_ .

dw];L blnt dlxnflj?$ If]qut lje]b

dw];L blntnufotsf dw];Lx¿nfO{ kxfl8of afx'g–If]qLx¿n] ;g\ !&^( b]lv


If]qut lje]b ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . dw];L blntnufot ;a} dw];Lx¿nfO{ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/ssf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . dw];L blnt dw];sf] 7"nf] hg;ª\Vof ePsf] ;d'bfo xf] . ;g\ !(%) cl3 dw];Lx¿ sf7df8f}+ cfpFbf k|j]zf1f rflxGYof] . dw];sf /fhgLlts g]tf / /fhgLlts bnx¿n] $ nfv dw];Lx¿n] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq gkfPsf] atfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . dw];L ;d'bfodf dlxnf cfwfeGbf s]xL a9L ePsf]n] / w]/}h;f] dlxnfx¿n] gful/stf gkfPsf] cj:yf 5 . ;/sf/n] 3/3/df gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/sf]n] w]/} dw];L blnt dlxnf / k'?ifn] gful/stf kfpg ;Dej ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ul/aL, lg/If/tf, ;r]tgfsf] cefj cflbn] ubf{ sltko blntx¿n] gful/stf gkfpg] l:ylt klg 5 .

u}/v; g]kfnL efiffefifL blntx¿lj?$ v; g]kfnL efiffefifLaf^ lje]b

kxf8L blntx¿n] afx'g–If]qLx¿n] h:t} v; g]kfnL efiff k|of]u ug]{ / v; g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] Ps dfq efiff dflgPsfn] eflifs ;d:of a]xf]g{'kb}{g . t/ dw];sf blntx¿n] eg] v; g]kfnL efiffafx]s t/fO{sf ljleGg efiffx¿ k|of]u ug]{ ePsf]n] dw];L blntx¿n] cflbjf;L hghfltx¿n] h:t} eflifs pTkL8g ;xg'k/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf !@% eGbf a9L efiff / eflifsfx¿ 5g\ . dw];sf blntx¿n] d}lyn, ef]hk'/f, cjwL, b]xftL cflb efiffx¿ k|of]u ub{5g\ . s]xL dw];L g]tf / bnx¿ lxGbLnfO{ dw];sf] ;Dks{ efiff xf] eGg] bfjL ub{5g\ t/ w]/} dw];Lx¿ o:tf] dfGg tof/ b]lvFb}gg\ .

blntcfGbf]ngn] eflifs clwsf/sf af/]df rf;f] b]vfpg yfn]sf] eg] w]/} ePsf] 5}g . o:tf] x'g'sf] Pp6f sf/0f blntcfGbf]ngdf kxf8L blntx¿sf] ;xeflutf / of]ubfg a9L ePsf] / kxf8L blntx¿n] efiffsf] ;d:of gef]Ug' xf] . dw];L blntx¿sf] cfGbf]ng klg cl3 al9/x]sfn] cfGbf]ngsf g]tfx¿n] eflifs ;d:of p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . dw];L blntx¿sf] ;fIf/tf b/ tn kg'{ / cem vf; u/]/ d';x/sf] ;fIf/tf b/ g]kfnsf] hfthfltx¿df ;a}eGbf Go"g /xg' v; g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;/sf/L sfdsfh, lzIff / ;~rf/dfWodx¿df nflbgfn] pTkGg eflifs ;d:ofn] ubf{ xf] eGg] k|:6 5 . dw];L blntx¿nfO{ eflifs ;d:of ePsf]n] ;fIf/ x'g], lzIff kfpg], ;"rgf / hfgsf/L kfpg], ;Lk ljsf; ug]{nufotsf sfdx¿ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . n}ª\l+us b[li6sf]0faf6 k'?ifn] eGbf dlxnfn] a9L dft[efiff k|of]u ug]{ x'gfn] eflifs pTkL8g blnt dlxnfdf cem a9L 5 eGg ;lsG5 .

lxGb" / u}/lxGb" blnt dlxnflj?$ x'g] wfld{s lje]b

hftkftsf] k|yf lxGb" wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;dfhsf] pTkfbg ePsf]n] / oL;Fu lkt[;Qfsf] ulx/f] ;DaGw ePsf] sf/0fn] lxGb" dlxnfx¿ To;dWo] klg blnt dlxnfx¿n] r/d n}ª\lus lje]b ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ . lv|:tfg / af}4 wd{df hftLo lje]b gx'g] ePsf]n] s]xL blnt dlxnf / k'?ifx¿n] oL wd{ ckgfPsf 5g\ . t/ oL wd{x¿df klg blnt dlxnfx¿n] n}ª\lus lje]b ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ . oL wd{sf 7"nf clwsf/Lx¿ slyt dflyNnf] hfthfltsf ePsf]n] cGt/hftLo ljjfx TolQ ;xh 5}g eg] dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfgL, kf:6/ cflb aGg] cj;/ lbFb}gg\ . lv|:tfg wd{ ckgfPsf blnt dlxnf / k'?ifx¿nfO{ lxGb" wd{ dfGg] blnt / u}/blntx¿n] lje]b ub{5g\ .


cWofo – (

lgisif{

blnt zAbnfO{ g]kfnsf] blntcfGbf]ngn] :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ / /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bdf sfd ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] blntcfGbf]ng / of] cWoogsf] p2]Zo g]kfndf hftLo 5'jf5"t tyf lje]bsf] cGTo ug]{ / blntsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ eGg] xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg'gL ¿kdf blntx¿sf] ;"rLs/0f ug{ afFsL 5 .

g]kfndf ljBdfg ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿ hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{ kof{Kt 5}g . cem} klg sltko ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿ blntlj?4 lje]bsf/L 5 . hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]blj?4 ePsf sfg'gx¿ / tL sfg'gx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf 7"nf] vf8n 5 . ljBdfg ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;s]sf] v08df klg hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b 36fpg 7"nf] of]ubfg k'Ug] lyof] . hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]baf6 kLl8tx¿nfO{ Gofo lbgsf nflu cfjZos sfg'gL ;+oGq 5}g . g]kfnn] ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo lje]blj?4sf] dxf;lGw / 8a{g 3f]if0ff tyf sfo{of]hgfnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/sf b:tfj]hx¿ cg'df]bg, ;lDdng ug]{ u/]sf] 5 t/ oL ;a}sf] sfof{Gjog eg] k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o txx¿df blntsf xsclwsf/sf nflu hgjsfnt u/] klg :yfgLo ;d'bfodf ePsf blntx¿nfO{ hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bsf lj?4 ljBdfg sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L 5}g .

g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[ ;+:yfx¿ tyf /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] hfthfltsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs / cfly{s tYofª\sx¿ lng] u/]sf 5}gg\ . blntsf af/]df pknAw s]xL tYofª\sx¿ k'/fgf 5g\ . ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, lghL ;+3;+:yfx¿ / bft[ ;+:yfx¿, cg';Gwftf / cWo]tfx¿n] blntsf] cf–cfk\mg} kl/efiff / tbg'?k blntsf] klxrfg ug]{ ePsf]n] w]/} ;d:of ;[hgf ePsf]df /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] blnt / hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] kl/efiff / blntsf] klxrfg u/]sf]n] ;a}nfO{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .

clk|n @))^ sf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 g]kfndf zflGt k|lqmof ;'? ePsf] 5 / ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts ptf/r9fj / ;ª\qmd0fsfn gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf dfq afws ePsf] 5}g, zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] gofF gLltx¿ Nofpgsf nflu klg afws ePsf] 5 . of] cj:yf blntcfGbf]ngsf nflu Pp6f cj;/ klg xf] . olb ;/sf/nfO{ blntclwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ;zQm bafa lbg] xf] eg] clxn] ;+ljwfg;efn] gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg] hgfb]z kfPsf]n] To;} dfWodaf6 blntsf xsclwsf/x¿ ca aGg] gofF ;+ljwfgdf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu 7"nf] cj;/ 5 .


kxf8L blnt dlxnfx¿ blnt ePsf] sf/0fn] / dlxnf ePsf] sf/0fn] bf]xf]/f] pTkL8gdf k/]sf 5g\ . dw];L blntx¿ blnt ePsf] sf/0fn] / dw];L ePsf] sf/0fn] bf]xf]/f] pTkL8gdf k/]sf 5g\ . blntx¿s} aLrdf sf]xL dfly / sf]xL tn ePsfn] tn k/]sfx¿n] blntx¿af6} pTkL8g ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 .

blntx¿ lxGb" wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;dfhsf pkh x'g\ . lxGb" wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;dfhn] hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]bnfO{ k|f]T;flxt u/]sf] 5 . lgb{nLo k~rfotL /fhgLlts Joj:yf x'Fbf g]kfndf /fHon] klg lxGb" wd{nfO{ /fHosf] wd{sf ¿kdf cª\uLsf/ u/]sf] lyof] / lxGb" wd{sf] k|e'Tj lyof] . ax'bnLo Joj:yf cfPkl5 klg o;n] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] lyof] .

blntx¿ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] Psrf}yfOhlt ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . blntx¿ g]kfnsf] &% lhNnfd} 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . u}/blntx¿n] blntx¿nfO{ / slyt dlyNnf hftsf blntx¿n] slyt tNnf] hftsf blntx¿nfO{ hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b ub{5g\ . blntsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] /Iff ug{sf nflu ljBdfg ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿ ckof{Kt 5g\ / ePsf k|fjwfgx¿sf] sfof{Gjog klg lkmtnf] 5 . blntx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s, z}lIfs / /fhgLlts If]qnufotsf lghL / ;fj{hlgs If]qx¿df lje]b ul/G5 . blntx¿lj?4 >d tyf pkef]Qmf ahf/ / ;fj{hlgs ;|f]tx¿df lje]b ul/G5 . clwsf+z blntx¿ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg dfq} 5}gg\, sltko blntx¿ aFw'jf dhb'/sf] sfd ug{ / sltko blnt dlxnfx¿ r]lna]6L a]rlavgdf kg{ afWo 5g\ . blnt dlxnfx¿ blnt / dlxnf ePsf gftfn] tyf dw];L blntx¿ blnt / dw];L ePsf gftfn] bf]xf]/f] pTkL8gdf kb}{ cfPsf 5g\ . blntx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{g, zflGt / ;d[l4sf nflu hftLo, n}ª\lus, eflifs, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs / If]qut lje]bx¿sf] cGTo ug{ cTofjZos 5 .

g]kfndf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{sf nflu y'k|} hgjsfntsf r'gf}lt / cj;/x¿ 5g\ . hfgsf/ gLltut hgjsfntsf] cfjZostf 5 / To;sf nflu k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df cg';Gwfg ug{ cfjZos 5 . uxg cg';Gwfg / hgjsfntsf nflu s]xL k|fyldstfsf ljifox¿ e"ld, 3/, ;a} txx¿df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlgwTj / ljz]if clwsf/ x'g\ . ljZjljBfno / ;/sf/n] blntsf ;jfnx¿df cg';Gwfg ug{ vf;} Wofg lbPsf] 5}g . cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;+:yf / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] blntsf ;jfndf rflxg]hlt Wofg lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . blntcfGbf]ngn] klg s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd / cGt/f{li6«o txdf klg hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{sf nflu w]/} sfd u/]sf] 5 t/ blntcfGbf]ngleq ljefhgsf sf/0fn] hlt pknlAw k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ xf] Tolt pknlAw xfl;n x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .

g]kfndf hftLo 5'jf5"t / lje]b cGTo ug{ ;lsG5 t/ o;sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bnx¿, ;~rf/dfWod, gful/s ;dfh, blntcfGbf]ng, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o ax'kIfLo / låkIfLo ;+3;+:yfx¿, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / hgjsfnt ug]{ ;+:yfx¿, blntcfGbf]ngnufot ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] P]Soa4tf;lxt k|lta4tfsf ;fy sfd ug{ cTofjZos 5 .


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clwsf/L, lji0f' . @))! . dflg; 7"nf] lbnn] x'G5, hftn] x'F+b}g . k[i7 $%–$& . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .. sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

cgf}krfl/s ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_ . !((^ . g]kfndf hftLo 5'jf5"t . sf7df�f} +�� cgf}krfl/s ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_ . lj=;+= @)%# .

cgf}krfl/s ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_ . @))& . �� dfgj clwsf/ jif{ k':ts @))&, cgf}krfl/s ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_ .

cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r . ldlt ge�sf] . ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fdf blntx¿ . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

cfx'lt . @))^ . …lxGb" ;fdGtjfb / /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt k|ZgÚ . k[i7 ##–^( . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

cfx'lt . @))$ . lxGb" ;dfhdf blnt hftLo d'lQmsf] k|Zg . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r . lj=;+= @)^) .

�sLs[t ljsf; cWoog s]Gb| . @))@ . /fli6«o ljsf;df cflbjf;L÷hghflt �� d"n d'2f, Jojwfg / cj;/x¿ . sf7df�f}+ �� sLs[t ljsf; cWoog s]Gb .

sGbª\jf, gGb . @))! . …g]kfnL ;dfhdf 5'jf5"t / blntcfGbf]ngsf] lbzfÚ . k[i7 @$–@% . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno, sfg'g Joj:yf ljefu . !((( . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g �]g, @)%% . aa/dxn, sf7df�f}+ �� sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno .

ls;fg, ofdaxfb'/ . @))^ . …;+ljwfg;ef / blnt ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ;jfnÚ . k[i7 #@&–##^ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

ls;fg, ofdaxfb'/ . @))^ . …blnt dlxnfx¿sf] ;d:ofx¿ k|ltlalDat 5g\Ú . k[i7 *^–*& . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

ls;fg, ofdaxfb'/ . @))% . …g]kfnsf] lje]bk"0f{ sfg'g, Gofok|0ffnL / blntÚ . k[i7 !)$–!@) . �L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

ls;fg, ofdaxfb'/ . @))@ . g]kfndf blnt hftLo d'lQmcfGbf]ng . sf7df�f}+ �� hgpTyfg k|lti7fg .

ls;fg, ofdaxfb'/ . @))@ . …hftLo lje]blj?4sf] dxf;lGw / ;DalGwt k|ltj]bgx¿Ú . sf7df�f}+ �� hgpTyfg k|lti7fg / blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .

ls;fg, ofdaxfb'/ . @))) . g]kfndf blnt hftLo d'lQmcfGbf]ng �� pb\ej, jt{dfg / eljio . /fhgLltzf:q s]Gb|Lo ljefu, lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf :gftsf]Q/ txsf] pkflwsf nflu cf+lzs cfjZostf k"/f ug{ a'emfO�sf] zf]wkq .

s'dfn, a'l4/fd . @))# . clwsf/sf] cleofg -gjnk/f;Lsf af]6], dfemL / d';x/sf] cleofg_ . u}�fsf]6, gjnk/f;L �� ;xdlt .


s]=;L=, ;'/]Gb| . @))^ . …g]kfnL ;dfhdf blntÚ . k[i7 @))–@)^ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

sf]O/fnf, b]jLk|;fb . @))# . …g]kfndf blnt d'lQmcfGbf]ngdf /fhgLlts ;xeflutfÚ . /fhgLltzf:q s]Gb|Lo ljefu . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno . sLlt{k'/ sf7df�f}+ �� lqe'jg ljZjljBfno .

sf]O/fnf, ljBfgfy . @))^ . …blnt dlxnfsf] lzIffbLIffÚ . k[i7 $%–%^ . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

sf]O/fnf, ljBfgfy . @))^ . …;+ljwfg;ef /fHo k'g;{+/rgf / blntÚ . k[i7 #^*–#&^ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

sf]O/fnf, ljBfgfy . @))% . …z}lIfs Joj:yfdf blntsf] kxF'rÚ . k[i7 #@–$! . �L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

sf]O/fnf, ljBfgfy / ;'zg cfrfo{ . @))$ . …;fdflhs Gofosf] ;]/f]km]/f]df lzIffÚ . sLlt{k'/, sf7df�f}+ �� :6'�]G6 a'�; klAn;/ �G� l�l:6[Ao'6/ .

v�\sf, c~h' . @))^ . …blnt;Fu ghf]l��sf] ljsf;Ú . k[i7 !%(–!^$ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

v�\sf, /d]z . @))! . …t/fO{sf] lzIffdf blntx¿sf] ;xeflutfÚ . k[i7 #*–#( . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

v�\sf, /d]z . @))! . …c7\tL; jif{kl5 blntx¿n] sfg'g kqm]Ú . k[i7 $)–$@ . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

vgfn, s[i0f . @))^ . …blnt ;dfj]zLs/0f / ;xeflutfsf nflu k'g;{+/rgfÚ . k[i7 !&–$$ . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

uxt/fh, cf]dk|sfz lj=s= . @))$ . df]xgnfn skfnL �s ;ª\3if{zLn 5lj . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .

lu/L, hLj]Gb|b]j . !((& . …blnt ;d'bfosf z}lIfs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;DaGwsf pkfox¿Ú . k[i7 ^*–() . lu|G;f], g]kfn . blnt ;d'bfosf ;d:of ljifos /fli6«o k/fdz{ . sf7df�f}+ �� lu|G;f] g]kfn . lj=;+= @)%$ .

lu|G;f], g]kfn . !((& . blnt ;d'bfosf ;d:of ljifos /fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmd . sf7df�f}+ �� lu|G;f], g]kfn . lj=;+= @)%$ .

u'?ª, u0f]zdfg . @))^ . …blnt pTyfg �� cfhsf] r'gf}ltÚ . k[i7 @)&–@)* . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

u'?ª, u0f]zdfg . @))) . …hflt, ju{ / ;f+:s[lts ;d:ofÚ . k[i7 #@–#$ . jf;'b]j clwsf/L -;Dkfbs_ . ;+:s[lt . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

u'?ª, hLtaxfb'/ . @))^ . …jsfntL / cfod"ns sfo{qmd;Fu} nUg'kg]{Ú . k[i7 $^–$& . uf]s0f{ e§, -;Dkfbs_ . …ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfÚ . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .


u'?ª, xs{ . !((( . …g]kfndf hfthflt / z}lIfs l:yltÚ . k[i7 #–!) . gful/s . k"0ff{+s !,. gful/s . k"0ff{+s !, cª\s @ . km/j/L–clk|n !((( .

uf}td, zf]ef . @))^ . …åGå k|efljt blnt dlxnf �� c;/, cj;/ / r'gf}ltÚ . k[i7 !$!–!%^ . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 . lj=;+= @)^# .

uf}td, zf]ef . @))^ . …;a} kIf ;d]6\g] k|of; e�sf] 5Ú . k[i7 $*–$( . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

rfkfufO{+, lgg' . @))% . …g]kfnL ;flxTodf blntÚ . k[i7 $#–^! . �L=cf/ kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

rf}w/L, ;f]gfnfn . @))# . …wf]jL hfltÚ . k[i7 @@–@( . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

hgpTyfg k|lti7fg . @))$ . g]kfndf blnt dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yf– @))$ / sfg'gL Joj:yf . sf7df�f}+ �� hgpTyfg k|lti7fg .

hftLo e]befjlj?4 /fli6«o d~r . @))@ . �af{g 3f]if0ffkq / sfo{of]hgf tyf g]kfndf hftLo lje]b . sf7df�f}+ �� hftLo e]befjlj?4 /fli6«o d~r .

emf, piff . @))# . …blnt dlxnfsf] ;zQmLs/0fÚ . k[i7 %^–^@ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

emf, tf/fsfGt . @))# . …g]kfnL /fhgLltdf dw];L blntÚ . k[i7 *–!! . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

emf, bLJof . @))) . …blnt ;d'bfoaLr b'Jo{;g, s'/Llt / To;sf] lg/fs/0fÚ . k[i7 %#–%* . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

emf, wd]{Gb| . @))^ . …tYout x'g ;s]sf] e� /fd|f] x'GYof]Ú . k[i7 &)–&! . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

emf, xl/a+z -;Dkfbs_ . @))# . …blnt dlxnfsf] cfly{s of]ubfgÚ . k[i7 $^–%% . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

emf, xl/a+z -;Dkfbs_ . @))# . …blnt dlxnflj?4 cfly{s lx+;fÚ . k[i7 &$–*# . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

emf, xl/a+z -;Dkfbs_ . @))# . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

emf, xl/a+z -;Dkfbs_ . @))) . …dw];L blntsf] ljsf;Ú . k[i7 !–& . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ .@))) . …dw];L blntsf] ljsf;Ú . k[i7 !–& . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .


emf, xl/a+z -;Dkfbs_ . @))) . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

emf, xl/a+z -;Dkfbs_ . @))) . …g]kfn t/fO{sf blntx¿Ú . k[i7 !)$–!!$ . xl/a+z emf@))) . …g]kfn t/fO{sf blntx¿Ú . k[i7 !)$–!!$ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

7fs'/, /~h' . @))) . …blnt dlxnflj?4 lx+;fÚ . k[i7 %(–&! . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h .

�L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . @))% . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r . -lj=;= @)^@_ .

�L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . @))% . …g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt dlxnfsf] l:yltÚ . k[i7 !#$–!$$ . �L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

9sfn, j]blgwL . @))! . …5'jf5"t �� a'e\mg}kg]{ s'/f s] xf] <Ú k[i7 !&–@! . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

tfdfª, ;Ltf/fd . @))^ . …blntcfGbf]ng, nf]stGq / /fHo k'g;{+/rgfÚ . k[i7 @($–@(* . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

tfd|fsf/, 6]s . @))^ . …blnt dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu cf/If0fÚ . k[i7 %&–($ . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 . lj=;+= @)^# .

tfd|fsf/, 6]s . @))% . …blnt ;d'bfolj?4 e]befjk"0f{ / ;+zf]wgLo sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿sf] cWoog k|ltj]bgÚ . sf7df�f}+ �� /fli6«o blnt cfof]u .

tfd|fsf/, 6]s . @))# . …;+ljwfg;efdf k5fl� k/]sf ju{ �jd\ hfthfltsf] ;dGoflos k|ltlglwTjsf] ;jfnÚ . k[i7 %!–%* . ljZjf; a:tL -;Dkfbs_ . hgcfjfh . sf7df�f}+ �� zflGt / ljsf;sf nflu /fli6«o d~r .

tfd|fsf/, 6]s . @))! . …g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf blntclwsf/;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf �� zAb / oyfy{Ú . k[i7 *–!) . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

yklnof, ch'{g . @))! . …blnt d'lQmsf] nflu k'j{af6 anb]j /fdsf] cfJxfgÚ . k[i7 $#–$$ . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

yfkf, g/lqmd . @))! . …hftLo e]befj / 5'jf5'"t cGTo u/fpFÚ . k[i7 ! . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

bgf{n, ;'jfzs'df/ . @))% . cf/If0f �� :yfgLo 5nkmn / lgisif{x¿ . sf7df�f}+ �� hfu/0f ldl�of ;]G6/ . lj=;+= @)^! .

blnt dlxnf ;+3 . @))^ . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .blnt dlxnf ;+3 . @))^ . /fHosf] ;|f]t;fwg / blntclwsf/ . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .blnt dlxnf ;+3 . dlxnf pTkL�gleq blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 -�L=�g=�km=_ . @))! . cfwf/e"t sfg'gL ;fIf/tf k'l:tsf . s'k0�f]n,


nlntk'/ .bfxfn, l�NnL/fd / cGo . @))^ . kbdl;+x ljZjsdf{sf] cljlR5Gg hLjgufyf . sf7df�f}+ ��

hgpTyfg k|lti7fg . lj=;+= @)^# .bfxfn, l�NnL/fd / cGo . @))@ . /fli6«o blnt /0fgLlt k|ltj]bg . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��,

g]kfn / afn arfpm sfo{qmd -cd]l/sf_ .lbn', ;f/]h / k/z'/fd l3ld/] . @))^ . ;+ljwfg;efsf af/]df blnt ;d'bfon] hfGg'kg]{ s]xL

s'/f . sf7df�f}+ �� hgpTyfg k|lti7fg .g]kfn pTkLl�t blnt hftLo d'lQm df]rf{ / lu|G;f], g]kfn . !((^ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg /

pTkLl�t hfltsf] clwsf/ ljifos �slbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;+lIfKt k|ltj]bg . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn pTkLl�t blnt hftLo d'lQm df]rf{ / lu|G;f], g]kfn .

g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -�dfn]_ . @))# . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf;DaGwL g]= s= kf= -�dfn]_ sf] cjwf/0ff . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -�dfn]_ .

g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ . @))^ . blnt d'lQmsf] k|Zgdf k|r0�ky . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ .

g]kfn, gf/fo0f . @))^ . …hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5"t k|yf cGTosf nflu sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿Ú . k[i7 !&^–!($ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 . @))% . g]kfnsf t/fO{ blntx¿sf]] hftLo cWoog . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 .

g]kfnL, k"0f{ . @))$ . uGwj{ ;+uLt / ;+:s[lt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;Tob]jL sfo:y .g]kfnL, df]tLnfn . @))) . …k|hftGq / blntÚ . k[i7 (%–!)# . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf

blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

g]kfnL, df]tLnfn . @))) . …g]kfndf blnt pTyfgdf cf/If0f Joj:yfÚ . k[i7 #&–%@ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

Gof}kfg], uf]ljGb . @))) . g]kfnsf] hftLo k|Zg �� ;fdflhs agf}6 / ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;Defjgf . s7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ 6]l�gsn :6l�h .

k/fh'nL, dx]zgfy . @))^ . …g]kfnL :s'nx¿df blnt alxisf/ / lje]bsf s'/fÚ . k[i7 !#!–!$@ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

k/fh'nL, dx]zgfy . @))^ . …;dfh ?kfGt/0fÚ . k[i7 !%–#@ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

kxf�L, ljgf]b . @))^ . …��sfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hLjglrq cfpg ;s]gÚ . k[i7 *#–*% . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

kl/of/, dbg . @))^ . …s] blntx¿n] ck]lIft k|ltkmn kfpnfg\ t cj <Ú k[i7 (–!$ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf


blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .kf7s, s[i0f . @))! . …5'jf5"t / hftLo e]befj ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] pkhÚ . k[i7 !#–!^ .

xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .kf;jfg, g/]Gb|s'df/ . @))# . …b';fw hfltÚ . k[i7 $#–$% . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf

blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

kf;jfg, lgd{n . @))^ . …t/fO{ d"nsf blnt dlxnfx¿sf] cj:yf / r'gf}ltx¿Ú . k[i7 ^%–^( . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

kf;jfg, /fdlk|t . @))^ . …d';x/ hfltsf] ljut / jt{dfgÚ . k[i7 #$@–#$% . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

kf;jfg, zDe'/fh . @))^ . …t/fO{sf blnt hLjgsf ef]ufOx¿ cGtlg{xLt 5g\Ú . k[i7 &@–&# . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

kf]v/]n, hubLzrGb| . @))^ . …g]kfndf blntsf] l:ylt ;'wf/sf nflu /0fgLlts s'/fx¿Ú . k[i7 !)(–!!! . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

k|wfg, uf}/L . @))^ . …blnt d'lQmsf] ;Gbe{df clwsf/d'vL ;+3;+:yfx¿Ú . k[i7 !(%–!(( . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

k|wfg dNn, ;kgf . …blnt dlxnf / sfg'gL clwsf/Ú . blnt dlxnf ;+3 -–_ . dlxnf pTkL�gleq blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

k|l>t, df]bgfy . @))! . dfgjtfsf] snª\s hft / 5'jf5"t k|yf . tD3f;, u'NdL �� ls/0f k':tsfno .

k|]difL{, wL/]Gb| . @))% . …dw];L ;dfhdf j0f{Joj:yf / blnt ;d'bfoÚ . k[i7 !@!–!## . �L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

jGt, k|To"if / z]v/ k/fh'nL -;Dkfbs_ . @))! . g]kfnL ldl�ofdf blnt tyf hghflt . sf7df�f}+ �� stf a'�; . -lj=;+= @)%*_ .

ad/]n, dgf]x/ . @))^ . hftkft / 5'jf5"taf6 d'lQm . a'6an �� eut ;j{hLt :d[lt k|lti7fg . lj=;+= @)^# .

a/fOnL, /0f]Gb| . @))% . …g]kfnL blntcfGbf]ng �� s kl/roÚ . k[i7 !^–#! . �L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

a/fOnL, /0f]Gb| . @))^ . ;j{hLt ljZjsdf{sf] hLjgL . sf7df�f}+ �� hgpTyfg k|lti7fg .afurGb, /Tgaxfb'/ . @))$ . 5'jf5"tlj?4 Gofofno . sf7df�f}+ �� cNx'/]�\; g]kfn / ��;g

��, g]kfn . lj=;+= @)^) .afurGb, /Tgaxfb'/ . @))# . blnt pkof]uL sfg'gL xft] k'l:tsf . sf7df�f}+ �� OGx'/]�\;,

g]kfnafnarfp, cd]l/sf / cgf}krfl/s ;]jf s]Gb| . @))! . …dflg;nfO{ lsg / s;/L c5"t agfOof]


< ��5'jf5"t k|yfsf] sxfnLnfUbf] Oltxf; / jt{dfgÚ . k[i7 #@–#& . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

e§rg, s[i0faxfb'/ . @))& . …blnt dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s cj:yfÚ . k[i7 !&&–!(! . k|To"if jGt, k|df]b e§, ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nf / l;=s]= nfn -;Dkfbs_ . sf7df�f}+ �� stf a'�; .

e§rg, s[i0faxfb'/ . @))^ . …g]kfndf blnt dlxnfsf] l:yltÚ . k[i7 @%–$! . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

e§rg, s[i0faxfb'/ . @))% . g]kfnL blnt / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿Ú . k[i7 ^@–&# . �L=cf/ kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

e§rg, s[i0faxfb'/ . @))) . blntn] hftLo e]befj slt;Dd ;xg], lsg ;xg] <k[i7 $ . lxdfno 6fOD; . ;]K6]Da/ !, @))) . hghflt d~r . jif{ $, cª\s @, ;Dk"0ff{ª\s !* sf] k[i7 !&–!* df k'g�� k|sfzg .

e§rg, s[i0faxfb'/ . @))) . blntcfGbf]ngsf] lbzf / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] k|ZgÚ . k[i7 #&–#* . /fli6«o k|ltjf]w . jif{ @ . cª\s ^ .

e§rg, s[i0faxfb'/ . !((( . …blntcfGbf]ng lsg rs{g'k5{ <Ú . k[i7 #–& . hLlhljiff . jif{ # . c+s $ . lj=;+= @)%^ .

e§rg, s[i0faxfb'/ . !((( . …blntsf] ;d:ofk|lt /fHo / ;fdflhs cj:yf lhDd]jf/ 5Ú . k[i7 &–( . x\o'dg /fO6;\ kmf]/d . jif{ ! . ;+o'Qmfª\s $–% .

e§, uf]s0f{ -;Dkfbs_ . @))^ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

e§/fO{, dfwj . @))) . …g]kfnL blntx¿sf] k/Dk/fut wfld{s cj:yfÚ . k[i7 !–!$ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs -@)))_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

jfUn], lqe'jgrGb| . @))% . g]kfnsf] ljsf;df blnt . nlntk'/ �� kbd ;'Gbf; . lj=s]=, u0f]z -;Dkfbs_ . @))$ . blnt clwsf/ axfnLsf] nflu cf/If0f / o;sf] :j?k

ljifosf] j}slNks k|ltj]bg– @)^! . sf7df�f}+ �� If]qLo blnt ;~hfn -cf/=�L=�g=_ / ��;g ��, g]kfn .

lj=s]=, dfgaxfb'/ . @))^ . blnt ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs cfofd �� s ljZn]if0f . sf7df�f}+ �� hgpTyfg k|lti7fg . lj=;+= @)^# .

ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . @))^ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

ljZjsdf{, rqmdfg . @))^ . …/Ifs g} eIfs e�sf] tYo phfu/ ul/�sf] 5Ú . k[i7 %*–%( . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

ljZjsdf{, rqmdfg . @))! . …g]kfnsf] blntcfGbf]ngdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] e"ldsfÚ . k[i7 @(–#! . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

ljZjsdf{, tLy{ . @))^ . …blnt ;fd'bfosf] lzIffdf kx'FrÚ . k[i7 @#&–@$& . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf,


/fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

ljZjsdf{, kb\dnfn . @))^ . …blntcfGbf]ngdf blnt dlxnfÚ . k[i7 (%–!!^ . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 . lj=;+= @)^# .

ljZjsdf{, kb\dnfn . @))$ . a|fXd0fjfb, blnt / cf/If0f . w/fg �� /Tgdfof blnt ;flxTo ;+/If0f ;ldlt . lj=;+= @)^) .

ljZjsdf{, kb\dnfn . @))@ . …g]kfndf blntlj?4 hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5"tÚ . hftLo e]befjlj?4 /fli6«o d~r . �af{g 3f]if0ffkq / sfo{of]hgf tyf g]kfndf hftLo lje]b . sf7df�f}+ �� hftLo e]befjlj?4 /fli6«o d~r .

ljZjsdf{, kb\dnfn . !((& . …blnt ;d'bfosf] z}lIfs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts l:ylt / cf/If0fsf] ;jfnÚ . k[i7 @)–$# . lu|G;f], g]kfn . blnt ;d'bfosf ;d:of ljifos /fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmd . sf7df�f}+ �� lu|G;f], g]kfn . lj=;+= @)%$ .

ljZjsdf{, kb\dnfn, ofdaxfb'/ ls;fg, /ljdfg nDh]n / u0f]z lj=s= . @))^ . g]k.nL blntcfGbf]ngsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf; . sf7df�f}+ �� hgpTyfg k|lti7fg .

ljZjsdf{, kb\dnfn / dNn s]= ;'Gb/ . @))^ . /fHo k'g;{;+/rgf;DaGwL cjwf/0ff �� blnt / dw];L ;jfn . sf7df�f}+ �� hftLo e]befjlj?4 /fli6«o d~r .

ljZjsdf{, /Tgaxfb'/ . @))) . blnt dlxnfsf] k|Zg . sf7df�f}+ �� /fdaxfb'/ l/;fn / /dg ljZjsdf{ . -lj=;+= @)%&_ .

ljZjsdf{, /]daxfb'/ . @))! . …blnt afnaflnsfx¿sf] cj:yfÚ . k[i7 $* . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

ljZjsdf{, ?knfn . @))% . …blnt �� cg'e"lt / oyfy{tfÚ . k[i7 (–!% . �L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

ljZjsdf{, kb\dnfn / zf/bf/d0f g]kfn . @))) . afnclwsf/ / blnt afnaflnsf . sG;g{, sf7df�f}+ .

ljZjsdf{, afa'/fd . @))^ . blnt / åGå . sf7df�f}+ �� eut ;j{hLt :d[lt k|lti7fg . -lj=;+= @)^#_ .

ljZjsdf{, e"kfgGb -;Dkfbs_ . @))$ . blnt pTyfgdf�� g]kfn blnt ;+3 . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn blnt ;+3 . -lj=;+= @)^)_ .

ljZjsdf{, dL7fOb]jL . @))^ . …blnt dlxnfsf] cj:yf / cjl:yltÚ . k[i7 @*%–@(# . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

ljZjsdf{, dLg . @))^ . …efjL /0fgLlt tof/ ug{ dxTjk"0f{ v'/fs lb�sf] 5Ú . k[i7 $@–$% . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

ljZjsdf{, j;Gts'df/ . @))# . …blnt aflnsf–dlxnfsf] lzIffÚ . k[i7 *$–*% . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

ljZjsdf{, ljdn . @))^ . …ljifoj:t'n] cWoogsf] uDeL/tf dfu u/]sf] 5Ú . k[i7 ̂ )–^! . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf .


sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .ljZjsdf{, ljdn / n'dfl;+x ljZjsdf{ . @))^ . g]kfndf blnt ;d'bfosf nflu cf/If0fsf]

:j?k cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^! . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .ljZjsdf{, n'dfl;+x . @))^ . …blnt ;d'bfosf] pTyfgsf] nflu ;sf/fTds sfo{ / o;sf]

;+j}wflgs k|Tofe"ltÚ . k[i7 @!*–@#) . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

ljZjsdf{, xL/f . @))^ . …blnt dlxnfsf] ;jfn / ltgsf ;dfwfgÚ . k[i7 !!&–!$) . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 . lj=;+= @)^# .

ljZjsdf{, xL/f . @))# . blntcfGbf]ngdf xL/f ljZjsdf{sf ;d;fdlos ljrf/x¿ . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt pTyfg k|lti7fg / blnt ;]jf ;+3 .

ljZjsdf{, xL/f . @))! . …g]kfnsf] blntcfGbf]ngdf ��;g ��, g]kfnÚ . k[i7 @–& . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

ljZjsdf{, xL/f . @))) . …g]kfnsf] blntcfGbf]ngdf blnt ;ª\u7gsf] e"ldsfÚ . k[i7 *@–($ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

d0�n, /fhs'df/ . @))# . …vTa] hfltÚ . k[i7 #(–$@ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

d0�n, /fdÅbo / aGw' rf}w/L . @))# . …blnt dlxnfsf] 5'jf5"t / e]befjÚ . k[i7 ^#–^( . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

dl/s, ;'gLtf . @))^ . …�f]d ;d'bfo �� s kl/roÚ . k[i7 @#!–@#^ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

dl/s, o'lQmnfnf . @))# . …�f]d hfltÚ . k[i7 !&–@! . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

dxt, kbdaxfb'/ . !((( . ;fsL{ ;d'bfosf] aflnsfsf] k|fylds lzIff . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

d'lvof, a]rg / gdf]gf/fo0f emf . @))# . …blnt dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfOÚ . k[i7 &)–&# . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

d}gfnL, nIdLk|;fb . @))^ . …5'jf5"t pGd"ngsf nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL Joj:yfÚ . k[i7 !!@–!#) . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

nfdufb], ef]hdfg . @))$ . g]kfndf blnt dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yf– @))$ / sfg'gL Joj:yf . sf7df�f}+ �� hgpTyfg k|lti7fg .

Nofgsfp g]kfn . @))^ . hftLo 5'jf5"t ck/fw -lgoGq0f / ;hfo_ �]gsf] d:of}bf . sf7df�f}+ �� Nofgsfp .


ofbj, /fds'df/ . @))# . …rdf/ hfltÚ . k[i7 !@–!^ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s– Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

odL, lxl;nf . @))^ . …/fhgLltdf blnt dlxnfÚ . k[i7 $(–^( . dlxnf pTkL�gleq blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

of]uL, ljsf;fgGb . @))$ . s'v'/L sfF – ljsf;fgGb ljrf/ . sf7df�f}+ �� /]sL of]u k|sfzg .

/Dt]n, k/z'/fd . @))^ . …;+ljwfg;ef / blnt dlxnfsf] cj:yfÚ . k[i7 #$^–#$( . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

/Dt]n, k/z'/fd . @))% . �f= eLd/fj cDa]bs/ �� s kl/ro . wgu9L �� cf/=�L=�g= ./fHo ;jnLs/0f sfo{qmd -O=�;=kL=÷l�=�km=cfO=�L=_ . !((( . g]kfndf pk]lIft ;d'xx¿nfO{ ;zQm

agfpg] /0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� /fHo ;jnLs/0f sfo{qmd -O=�;=kL=÷l�=�km=cfO=�L=_ ./fh, k|sfz �= . @))# . …blnt dlxnfsf /fhgLlts clwsf/Ú . k[i7 (^–!)! . xl/a+z emf

-;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

/fd, dxGyL . @))# . …rdf/ hfltÚ . k[i7 #)–## . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

/fli6«o blnt cfof]u . @))$ . g]kfndf blnt ;d'bfosf] l:ylt . sf7df�f}+ �� /fli6«o blnt cfof]u . -lj=;+= @)^)_ .

/fli6«o blnt cfof]u . @))$ . blnt;DaGwL sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿sf] ;Fufnf] . sf7df�f}+ �� /fli6«o blnt cfof]u . -lj=;+= @)^)_ .

/fli6«o blnt cfof]u . @))$ . blnt ;d'bfosf] dfgjclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿ / g]kfn sfg'g . sf7df�f}+ �� /fli6«o blnt cfof]u . -lj=;+= @)^)_ .

/fli6«o blnt cfof]u . !((( . /fli6«o blnt cfof]u k|:tfljt ljw]os . sf7df�f}+ �� /fli6«o blnt cfof]u .

/]UdL -;'j]bL_, cfef . @))! . …;dfhdf blnt dlxnfsf] cj:yfÚ . k[i7 !!–!@ . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

/f]sf, hjfx/ . !((( . cDa]bs/ e;]{h lxGb" . lj/f6gu/ �� ;fyL k|sfzg .zdf{, vu]Gb|gfy . @))) . …g]kfndf kxf�L blnt ;d'bfoÚ . k[i7 !!%–!@( . xl/a+z emf

-;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

zdf{, kf}�]n . @))% . blntx¿sf] pTklQ / l:ylt, wd{zf:qLo b[li6sf]0fÚ . k[i7 *@–!)# . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . @))% . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

zdf{, ljj]s . @))% . …blnt hflt / hftLo d'lQmcfGbf]ngÚ . k[i7 &$–*! . �L= cf/= kf}�]n -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� cfTdlge{/ ljsf; d~r .

zdf{, lzj . !((& . …g]kfndf blnt hfltx¿sf] ;ª\Vof / cfly{s ;fdflhs l:yltÚ .


k[i7 !!@–!@! . lu|G;f], g]kfn . blnt ;d'bfosf ;d:of ljifos /fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmd . sf7df�f}+ �� lu|G;f] g]kfn . lj=;+= @)%$ .

z]kf{, kf;fª . @))^ . …blntsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s / lg0f{o txdf cj:yfÚ . k[i7 #!%–#@^ . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

>L % sf] ;/sf/ . @))^ . ;+o'Qm ;/sf/sf] nIo tyf gLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� >L % sf] ;/sf/, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno .

>]i7, k|sfz . @))! . æ5'jf5"t ;fdGtL ;+:sf/sf] pkh xf]æ . k[i7 @@–@# . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

;bf, c;kmL{ . @))# . …d';x/ hfltÚ . k[i7 #$–#* . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

;bf, /fdrGb| . @))# . …blnt dlxnflj?4 ;fdflhs lx+;fÚ . k[i7 !)@–!)& . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . t/fO{sf blnt �jd\ blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

;fu/, �L=aL= . @))) . …g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf hNbfaNbf k|Zgx¿Ú . k[i7 !%–@@ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

;fu/, �L=aL= -;Dkfbs_ . !((^ . dlxnf ptkL�gleq blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt ;]jf ;+3 .

;fksf]6f, xl/zrGb| . @))% . ;d'bfosf ;xhstf{ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .

;fksf]6f, s]zjk|;fb . @))) . …k|hftflGqs g]kfndf 5'jf5"tsf] ;d:ofÚ . k[i7 &@–*! . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df�f}+ �� ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn �G� 6]l�gsn :6l�h / k|m]�l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

l;hfktL, /]0f' . @))^ . �ssfO;f}+ ztfAbL / blnt dlxnfsf r'gf}ltx¿Ú . k[i7 &%–*@ . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

l;+v�f, zf/bfrGb| . @))^ . …g]kfnsf blntx¿ �� s emnsÚ . k[i7 !^%–!&% . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

;f]a, b'uf{ . @))^ . …g]kfndf dlxnfcfGbf]ng / blnt dlxnfÚ . k[i7 !–!^ . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 . lj=;+= @)^# .

;'gf/, t]h . @))^ . …g]kfnL blntcfGbf]ngsf] cGt/f{li6«os/0f / pknAwLÚ . k[i7 !$#–!%* . ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, /fhg v�\sf / /fhs'df/ a/fn -;Dkfbs_ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfdf blnt ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� g]kfn .

;'gf/, t]h . @))@ . blntx¿sf] /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf �� s ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog . sLlt{k'/, sf7df�f}+ �� ;dfhzf:q tyf dfgjzf:q s]Gb|Lo ljefu, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno .

;'gf/, kjLqf . @))^ . …;~rf/df blnt dlxnfÚ . k[i7 !%&–!&* . g]kfndf blnt dlxnf .


sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 . lj=;+= @)^# .;'gf/, /fhg . @))# . ;a} lsl;dsf hftLo e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw tyf dfgjclwsf/

;DaGwL cGo 7"nf df;lGwx¿df lje]blj?4 e�sf Joj:yf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .

;'gf/, /fhg . @))) . sfg'g Joj;foL ge�df blnt ;xof]uL k'l:tsf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .

:j0f{sf/, wd{ . @))^ . /fli6«o ah]6 )^@÷@)^# / blntx¿ . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .

:j0f{sf/, wd{ . @))% . cfly{s jif{ )^!÷@)^@ df blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .

:j0f{sf/, wd{ . @))# . cfly{s jif{ @)^!÷@)^@ sf] ah]6df blnt . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 .

:j0f{sf/, snf . @))^ . …b]xJofkf/ �� afWofTds k]zf, ;Gbe{ afbL dlxnfsf]Ú . k[i7 %!–%& . uf]s0f{ e§ -;Dkfbs_ . ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] d"nk|jfxdf blnt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf . sf7df�f}+ �� blnt dlxnf ;+3 .

x]dr'/L, sdnf . @))! . …dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf] ;jfndf blnt dlxnfÚ . k[i7 @^–@* . xfd|f] ufpF . blnt ljz]iffª\s . ;ª\Vof !( . sf7df�f}+ �� ;g ��, g]kfn .

x]dr'/L, sdnf . @))) . …blnt dlxnfx¿sf] r'gf}lt / ;Defjgfx¿Ú . k[i7 !#)–!$$ . xl/a+z emf -;Dkfbs_ . g]kfndf blnt pTyfgsf /f0fgLlt . sf7df8f}+ M ;]G6/ km/ Osf]gf]ldsn PG8 6]lSgsn :6l8h / k|m]8l/s–Oa6{–l:6km6'ª .

x]dr'/L, sdnf . @))^ . …cfly{s ;fdflhs ;Gbe{leq blnt dlxnfÚ . pTkL8gleq blnt dlxnf . sf7df8f}+ M blnt dlxnf ;+3 .


;Gbe{u|Gy;"rL M c+u|]hL efiff

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Documents

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