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Fuel Cells in maritime Applications- Challanges, Chances and Experiences -2011-09-13
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 2
Content
• Introduction / Motivation• Regulatory Background in Shipping• First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships• The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned• Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping• Outlook on Ongoing Projects• Conclusion
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 3
Content
• Introduction / Motivation• Regulatory Background in Shipping• First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships• The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned• Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping• Outlook on Ongoing Projects• Conclusion
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 4
•Shipping is the most energy-efficient mode of transport.
•However, emissions to air are currently in the focus of society and of IMO
•A continuous reduction of NOx- and SOx-emissions was recently agreed
•A control and later reduction of maritime CO2-emissions is currently discussed
•New technologies are required to enable more environmentally friendly shipping
Transport work (1/(t km): 14.4 (ship), 7.1 (truck), 6.2 (airplane)Source: MEPC 59/4/7
Motivation - Emissions in Shipping
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 5
Motivation - Costs
• Harbour fees for vessel will be related to the produced ship emissions (e.g. Schweden / Norwegen, Rotterdam)additional costs / discount per BRZ
• High energy prices
Source: 1. www.finanzen.net, 2011-05-17
1.)
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 6
Content
• Introduction / Motivation• Regulatory Background in Shipping• First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships• The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned• Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping• Outlook on Ongoing Projects• Conclusion
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 7
Motivation – Regulatory BackgroundInternational Background - SOLAS
SOLAS, Part 1, Chapter II-2, Part B, Regulation 4,
2.1 Limitations in the use of oils as fuel:
„The following limitations shall apply to the use of oil as fuel:
.1 [...] no oil fuel with a flashpoint of less than 60 °C shall be used;
.2 in emergency generators, oil fuel with a flashpoint of not less
than 43 °C may be used;“
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 8
Motivation – Regulatory Background International Background - IGF-Code
International Code of Safety for Gas-fuelled Engine Installations in Ships (IGF Code) under development• first part of IGF-Codes came into force 2010-07-01 as a guideline
[MSC 283.(86); GL VI-3-1 - Guidelines for the Use of Gas as Fuel for Ships] (for methane CH4; ICE)
• development of IMO regulation from 2009 for all kind of gases (till approx. 2014; if applicable for all kinds of fuels with a lower flashpoint; all kinds of energy converter)• Chapter 6.12 for Fuel Cell Systems
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 9
Content
• Introduction / Motivation• Regulatory Background in Shipping• First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships• The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned• Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping• Outlook on Ongoing Projects• Conclusion
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 10
Pleasure boats
Commercial vessel
Examples
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 11
Further International Projects
• MethAPU20-250 kW SOFCmethanol
• FellowSHIP320 kW MCFCnatural gas
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 12
Content
• Introduction / Motivation• Regulatory Background in Shipping• First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships• The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned• Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping• Outlook on Ongoing Projects• Conclusion
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 13
Incident on FCS ALSTERWASSER
• Fire on board of FCS ALSTERWASSER
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 14
Incident on FCS ALSTERWASSER
• No injured or death people ! • Neither the fuel cell system nor the hydrogen were the reason for the fire
• The fuel cell system was brought in a safe state by the safety system before the fire developed
• The safety concept was working without any limitation
• Despite of the massive damage by the fire, there wasn’t any damage of the fuel cell system or the hydrogen storage !
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 15
Incident on FCS ALSTERWASSER
• One example from the safety concept:Safe separation of the danger areas.
No damage of the fuel cell or the hydrogen storage!
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 16
Incident on FCS ALSTERWASSER GL FC Guideline
FCS ALSTERWASSER was build according tothe GL fuel cell guideline
• GL Rules for Classification and Construction VI – Part 3 – Chapter 11
• Worldwide first Guideline for the Use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships and Boats
• issued in 2003
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 17
Content
• Introduction / Motivation• Regulatory Background in Shipping• First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships• The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned• Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping• Outlook on Ongoing Projects• Conclusion
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 18
Valuation of the Commercial Situation –Market phases
• Development: 2010 until 2015Development of suitable 250...500 kW FC-Modules
• Demonstration: 2015 until 2020First commercial orders of development partners (involved yards)
• Begin of market penetration: 2020 until 2025Based on experiences and equal cost of the fuel cell systems in comparison to diesel generators FC-Systems will be established in the whole ship market
• Market penetration: 2025 until 2030
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 19
Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Considered ship types
• Passenger ships• Mega yachts• RoRo Passenger, Cargo• Other Passenger ships• RoRo car carrier• Other RoRo ships• Reefer• Container ships• Bulk carrier• Other cargo ships• Oil tanker• Product tanker• Gas tanker• Chemical tanker• Other tanker
othe
r sh
ips approx. 53.000 vessel
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 20
Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Market potential: Initial markets (500 kW systems only)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
+ 1 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20
Jahr
kum
uli
erte
An
zah
l M
od
ule
Passenger Ship Mega Yachten RoRo Passenger, Cargo
2014
1812
696
19
140
20
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
+ 1 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20
Jahr
kum
uli
erte
An
zah
l M
od
ule
Passenger Ship Mega Yachten RoRo Passenger, Cargo
2014
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
+ 1 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20
Jahr
kum
uli
erte
An
zah
l M
od
ule
Passenger Ship Mega Yachten RoRo Passenger, Cargo
2014
1812
696
19
140
2
Verlauf Anzahl installierte Moduleinheiten in den Einstiegsmärkten
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
+ 1 + 5 + 10
ku
mu
lie
rte
An
za
hl M
od
ule
2014
2
19
140Verlauf Anzahl installierte Moduleinheiten in den Einstiegsmärkten
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
+ 1 + 5 + 10
ku
mu
lie
rte
An
za
hl M
od
ule
2014
2
19
140
ac
cu
mu
late
d n
um
be
r o
f F
C m
od
ule
s
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 21
Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Market potential: Total maritime market (500 kW systems)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
+ 1 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20
Jahr
kum
ulie
rte
An
zah
l 500
kW
-Mo
du
le
Passenger Ship Mega Yachten RoRo Passenger, Cargo Sonstige Schiffe
2014
2 28
288
1477
3903
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
+ 1 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20
Jahr
kum
ulie
rte
An
zah
l 500
kW
-Mo
du
le
Passenger Ship Mega Yachten RoRo Passenger, Cargo Sonstige Schiffe
2014
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
+ 1 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20
Jahr
kum
ulie
rte
An
zah
l 500
kW
-Mo
du
le
Passenger Ship Mega Yachten RoRo Passenger, Cargo Sonstige Schiffe
2014
2 28
288
1477
3903
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
+ 1 + 5 + 10
Jahr
kum
ulie
rte
An
zah
l 500
kW
-Mo
du
le
2014
2
28
288
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
+ 1 + 5 + 10
Jahr
kum
ulie
rte
An
zah
l 500
kW
-Mo
du
le
2014
2
28
288
accu
mu
late
d n
um
ber
of
FC
mo
du
les
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 22
Valuation of the Commercial Situation – Market potential: Small systems
• Potential for 250 kW-Systems: A market for container feeder and multi purpose vessels
Prognostizierter Verlauf Anzahl 250 kW - Module bei Feedern und GCV
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Jahr
An
za
hl
Containerfeeder General Cargo Ship
+ 1 + 5 + 10 + 20+ 152014
Prognostizierter Verlauf Anzahl 250 kW - Module bei Feedern und GCV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2015 2020 2025
Jahr
An
za
hl
Containerfeeder General Cargo Ship+ 1 + 5 + 10
9
90
2014
Prognostizierter Verlauf Anzahl 250 kW - Module bei Feedern und GCV
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Jahr
An
za
hl
Containerfeeder General Cargo Ship
+ 1 + 5 + 10 + 20+ 152014
Prognostizierter Verlauf Anzahl 250 kW - Module bei Feedern und GCV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2015 2020 2025
Jahr
An
za
hl
Containerfeeder General Cargo Ship+ 1 + 5 + 10
9
90
2014
Prognostizierter Verlauf Anzahl 250 kW - Module bei Feedern und GCV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2015 2020 2025
Jahr
An
za
hl
Containerfeeder General Cargo Ship+ 1 + 5 + 10
9
90Prognostizierter Verlauf Anzahl 250 kW - Module bei Feedern und GCV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2015 2020 2025
Jahr
An
za
hl
Containerfeeder General Cargo Ship+ 1 + 5 + 10
Prognostizierter Verlauf Anzahl 250 kW - Module bei Feedern und GCV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2015 2020 2025
Jahr
An
za
hl
Containerfeeder General Cargo Ship
Prognostizierter Verlauf Anzahl 250 kW - Module bei Feedern und GCV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2015 2020 2025
Jahr
An
za
hl
Containerfeeder General Cargo Ship+ 1 + 5 + 10
9
90
2014
700 Modules á 250 kW until 2035 possible
accu
mu
late
d n
um
ber
of
FC
mo
du
les
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 23
Valuation of the Commercial Situation – additional market potential
• Further ship types for initial markets (short term view):• Inland vessels• Coast vessels• Offshore vessels• Navy vessels• Research and public vessels
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 24
Content
• Introduction / Motivation• Regulatory Background in Shipping• First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships• The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned• Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping• Outlook on Ongoing Projects• Conclusion
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 25
Lighthouse Project e4ShipsNational promoted Lighthouse Project consisting of 3 Projects:
SchIBZ• Development of an maritime SOFC-System and test on board of a multi
cargo vessel
PaXell• Integration and Testing of HT-PEM-System on board of a cruise vessel• Self-contained energy supply of a ship section with several Modules in a
second phase
Toplaterne• Ecological, technical and economical rating of the demo projects• Development of Proposals for the Code-Development
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 26
Content
• Introduction / Motivation• Regulatory Background in Shipping• First Experiences for the use of Fuel Cell Systems on Board of Ships• The Incident on the vessel FCS ALSTERWASSER – Lessons Learned• Possible Market Potential for Fuel Cell Systems in Shipping• Outlook on Ongoing Projects• Conclusion
Fuel Cells in maritime Applications - Challenges, Chances and Experiences - 4th ICHS Conference, 2011-09-12/14, San Francisco, USA | 2011-09-13 | No. 27
Summary
• Fuel cell systems for maritime applications are becoming attractive for their low emission potential and their high energy efficiency
• Regulatory requirements will allow the use of fuel cells in shipping in the future
• Fuel cells systems on board of ships can be integrated with the same level of safety like conventional ships
• Fuel cells will be already used in niche markets of the maritime industry
• Previous projects have proven the feasibility of fuel cell systems on board of ships
• Shipping has a high market potential for fuel cell systems
• GL continues to actively drive development of new propulsion systems together with clients
