Global Environment Quiz - The Key

7/30/2019 Global Environment Quiz - The Key

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Global EnvironmentOana Cutoi-Toft

Thursday, January 10, 13



Quiz time!




Quiz - the key

part 1. Global Warming

part 2. Natural Disasters

part 3. The Nature’s Forces of

Energy




Know much about global warming?

• True or false? Global warming is caused only by natural factors

• true

• false




• False

• Changes in the climate are partially due to the

natural forces and partially due to humanactivities. Scientists now believe that most of

the planet’s warming in the last decades has

been due to our emissions of greenhousegases.





Which country currently emits the most greenhouse

gases?

a. India

b. China c. The United States

d. The United Kingdom




•Correct Answer :

• US was surpassed by China at the top of greenhouseemitters, whose roaring industrial sector has pushed

the countries carbon emissions to double digit annual

increases.




Which of the following light bulb types uses the least

energy, and therefore results in fewer greenhouse gas

emissions?

a. Incandescent

b. Compact fluorescent

c. Halogen




• Correct Answer :

• Compact fluorescent light bulb uses 60-80% lessenergy than a standard incandescent bulb or halogen

bulb.





How many deaths per year does the World Health

Organisation attribute to climate change?

a. 150,000 b. 1,5000

c. 1,500,000

d. 10,500





• The WHO blames 150,000 global deaths per year on

the effects of global warming including extreme weather, drought, heat waves, decreased food

production, and the increased spread of vector-borne

diseases like malaria.





How long does it take for carbon dioxide in theatmosphere to disperse?

a. 1 year b. 10 years

c. 50 yearsd. 100 years





• 100 years! Which means even if carbon dioxideemissions ceased immediately, past actions would

still affect the planet for decades to come.




Natural disasters

Which natural disaster can produce the fastest winds onEarth?

a. Tornado b. Hurricane

c. Cycloned. Tsunami





• tornado. A strong tornado can generate winds speedsas high as 300 miles (500 kilometers) per hour.




Natural disasters

Which natural disaster cannot be caused by shifts in

tectonic plates

a. Avalanche b. Earthquake

c. Volcanic eruption

d. Hurricane




•Correct Answer :

• Hurricane. While earthquakes, volcanic activity, andavalanches can be caused by shifts in tectonic plates,

hurricanes originate over warm tropical oceans withlow atmospheric pressure.




Natural disasters

In what country did the strongest earthquake on recordoccur?

a. Chile b. USA

c. Indonesia d. Iran




•Correct Answer :

• Chile- A May 22, 1960, earthquake off coast of Chilemeasured 9.5 on the Richter scale. It triggered a

tsunami that spread throughout the Pacific Ocean andcaused about 2,300 deaths.




Natural disasters

What natural phenomenon is a hypocenter associated with?

a. Earthquake b. Hurricane

c. Tornadod. Tsunami





• Earthquake – Also called the ‘focus’, the hypocenter is where an earthquake rupture starts deep within the

Earth. The hypocenter is the point on the Earth’ssurface directly above the hypocenter.




Natural disasters

On average, what are your chances of being struck by

lightning in a given year?

a. 1 in 7,000,000 b. 1 in 700,000

c. 1 in 70, 000d. 1 in 7,000





• b, The chance of a human being struck by lightning ina given year is roughly 1 in 700,000. However, this is

a simple average. Participating in certain outdooractivities, like golf and mountain climbing, or not

taking precautions when thunderstorm is nearincreases your risk.




Natural disasters

What is the most dangerous type of avalanche?

a. Wet avalanche

b. Dry slab avalanchec. Ice fall avalanche

d. Loose snow avalanche





• Dry slab avalanches account for almost all avalancheaccidents. They can reach 60 to 80 miles 8 (97 to 129

kilometers) an hour as quickly as five seconds afterthe fracture.




Natural disasters

Which of the following islands was completely destroyedduring the 1893 hurricane?

a. Sumatra, Indonesia b. Hog Island, New York

c. Rotuma, Polynesia d. Bimini, Bahamas





• Hog Island, New York, destroyed in 1893 by a cathegory 2 hurricane, H island is the only known

example of the complete destruction of an entireisland during a hurricane.




Natural disasters

How often does a lightning occur worldwide?

a. 50 to 100 times per second

b. 25 to 50 times per secondc. 500 to 1,000 times per day

d. 250 to 500 times per day





• Lightning occurs on average 50 to 100 times per day




Natural disasters

Which Arctic animal do many scientists consider most vulnerable to extinction due to global warming?

a. Toucans b. Polar bears

c. Tropical frogsd. Narwhals





• narwhals a 2008 study found the narwhals’

restricted geographic distribution, specific migrationroutes, and specialized diet makes them more

vulnerable to global warming that polar bears, which

had previously topped the list.




Natural disasters

True or false? A rise in global temperature is expected to

increase instances of malaria?

a. True b. False





• Rising temperatures allow mosquitos to survive at

higher altitudes, potentially bringing them to regionsthat lack population immunity. In addition, the

transmission period for vector-borne diseases is

increased with expected warm seasons.




Natural disasters

During what time of day does air travel have the least

damaging effect on the environment?

a. Daytime b. Nighttime

c. They are equally damaging





• A 2006 study revealed that because airplane

exhaust contrails reflect little of no sunlight during nighttime and wintertime flights, they are less able to

compensate for the climate warming gases they

contain.




Natural disasters

Hybrid cars get better gas mileage than car with

standard engines

a. Always b. Sometimes

c. Never





• Sometimes: Hybrid cars combine an internalcombustion engine with a battery system to improve

efficiency. In many cars, this translates into improvedfuel economy, but some hybrids use those savings for

added power. If you’re shopping for a hybrid, checkthe fuel economy rating!




Natural disasters

Which of the following industries could be negatively

affected by global warming?

a. Insurance b. Commercial fishing

c. Wine making d. All of the above





• All of the above. Insurance companies can expect topay out more in disaster claims. The fishing industry

will suffer from depleted stocks. Some wine regions will no longer be able to sustain grape crops.




What don’t you know about nature’s

forces of Energy?

How much oil would it take to produce the energy in the

earthquake that rocked Japan on March 11, 2011?

• As much as Japan consumes each day

• As much as the world consumes each day

• As much as the world consumes over four days

• As much as the world consumes in a year





forces of Energy?

Correct Answer :

As much as the world consumes over four days

The Tohoku earthquake in the northwest Pacific Ocean

likely produced energy equivalent to 326 million barrels of crude oil, or 3.7 days worth of world consumption in 2011.

It's the force of 475 megatons of TNT, according toestimates U.S. Geological Survey has developed.





forces of Energy?

How much energy had Hurricane Katrina gathered at itspeak, about 17 hours before landfall in August 2005?

• As much as the capacity of all Louisiana's powerplants.

• Nearly twice as much as the capacity of all

Louisiana's power plants

• Nearly 100 times as much as the capacity of all

Louisiana's power plants• Nearly 1,000 times as much as the capacity of all

Louisiana's power plants





forces of Energy?

Correct Answer:

Katrina was producing about 20 million megawatts,calculates Kerry Emanuel, a professor of atmospheric

science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.That approaches 1,000 times the capacity of Louisiana's

entire fleet of power plants (26,000 megawatts, asmeasured during peak summer months).





forces of Energy?

How hot is the air heated by a lightning bolt?

• About 2,760°C, half the temperature of the sun'ssurface

• About 5,500°C, the temperature of the sun's surface

• About 11,000°C, twice the temperature of the sun's

surface

• About 30,000°C, five times the temperature of thesun's surface





forces of Energy?

While brief, the voltage of lightning is intense enough toquickly heat the air to nearly 30,000°C, five times thetemperature of the surface of the sun. The rapid

expansion of the heated air generates a shock wave thatis heard as thunder.





forces of Energy?

A typical lightning bolt might release energy of 1,000megajoules. How much gasoline would it take to produce

as much energy?

• 1 gallon (3.79 liters)

• 8 gallons (30.3 liters)

• 80 gallons (303.2 liters)

• 800 gallons (3,032 liters)





forces of Energy?

Correct Answer:

8 gallons (30.3 liters)

It would take 8 gallons (30.3 liters) to produce

energy equivalent to a lightning bolt that released

1,000 megajoules of energy.





forces of Energy?

Which coast of the United States has the most wave

power capacity?

• Alaska's Pacific Coast

• Alaska's Arctic Sea Coast

• The East Coast from Maine to Florida

• The West Coast from Washington to California





forces of Energy?

Correct Answer:

Alaska's Pacific Coast

Alaska's Pacific shoreline has more available wave energy

than all of the other coasts of the United States combined,partly because it is the longest U.S. coastline, and also due

to the vast area of open water over which the wind worksto create the waves.





forces of Energy?

The tsunami that devastated Japan's east coast onMarch 11, 2011 far exceeded the destructive power of

the atom bombs that hit Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Calculations of its force take into account the tsunami'slength, height, and velocity, but one other key factorremains uncertain. What is it?

• The water temperature

• How far it traveled to shore• Its duration

• The area of impact





forces of Energy?

Correct Answer:

Its duration

University of Illinois geologist Susan Kieffer, an expert on

geological fluid dynamics, estimates that tsunami'sduration was 100 seconds to 1,000 seconds. As a result,

her estimate of the tsunami's energy ranges from theexplosive power of one megaton to 10 megatons of TNT.





forces of Energy?

An F-5 tornado like the one that hit Joplin, Missouri, onMay 22, 2011, tops the five-level enhanced Fujita

intensity scale. How much energy does one of these

massive twisters have compared to one at the level just

below, an F-4 tornado?

• 25 percent more

• 50 percent more

• 75 percent more

• 100 percent more


’ ’




forces of Energy?

Correct Answer:

The energy of an F-5 tornado, with wind in excess of 200

miles per hour and a third of a mile wide, could be

estimated at 300,000 kilowatt-hours, double that of the

F-4 tornado that hit Harrisburg, Illinois, on February 29,

2012, says Dr. Joseph T. Schaefer, director emeritus of the

U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration'sStorm Prediction Center.


Wh d ’ k b ’




forces of Energy?

U.S. government scientists are studying a new hurricane

rating system that better measures a hurricane's

“integrated kinetic energy.” What do they hope to be ableto better predict through this measure?

• The extent of the storm surge

• Where hurricanes are likely to make landfall

• Where hurricanes are likely to develop• The intensity of winds on shore


Wh t d ’t k b t t ’




forces of Energy?

•Correct Answer:

The extent of the storm surge

By better measuring a hurricane's integrated kinetic

energy, scientists hope to be able to better predictthe storm surge, the extent of the swell of water

pushed ashore by a storm's winds, which causes themost deaths in hurricanes.






forces of Energy?

At its peak, the energy of Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano in March 2010 reached 6 gigawatts, more than

the capacity of most power plants. That heat was lost to

the atmosphere, but how much of Iceland's electricity comes from geothermal energy?

• One third

• One half

• Three quarters

• All of it






forces of Energy?

Correct Answer:

One third

Geothermal energy provides about one third of Iceland's

electricity, but it also directly provides most of the building

and water heating in this nation of high volcanic

concentration.




That’s all folkes!

• The end!

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Global Environment Quiz - The Key