Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD)

Contribution of Bioenergy for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation

General Coordination: Cenbio/CentroClima – Brazil

Prof. Suani CoelhoCenbio / University of São Paulo

Cape Town, South Africa, May 27th 2009

Primary Energy (1850–1990) and 2100 Scenarios

Source: World Energy Assessment, 2000

GNESD Bioenergy Theme - Motivation• Modern bioenergy – sustainable production• Three main issues:

– Biomass for electric generation supply remote villages• Using agricultural residues• Using vegetable oils• Using biogas (both urban and rural residues)• Benefits: improvement of energy access, job creation (mainly in rural

areas)

– Biomass for liquid biofuels• Using locally produced bioenergy crops and biofuels

– Eventually to export biofuels

• Benefits: job creation (mainly in rural areas), replacement of import oil/oil products, revenues (from eventual biofuel export)

– Energy and climate change - Perspectives for Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) – Kyoto Protocol

World - Share of Total Primary Energy Supply (2006)Shares of 11,740 Mtoe

Source: OECD/IEA, 2008

Africa - Share of Total Primary energy Supply (2006)Shares of 614 Mtoe

Source: OECD/IEA, 2008

Source: OECD/IEA, 2008

Latin America - Share of Total Primary Energy Supply (2006)

Shares of 531 Mtoe

Source: OECD/IEA, 2008

Asia (excluding China) - Share of Total Primary Energy Supply (2006)

Shares of 1,330 Mtoe

Environmental Benefits from Biofuels

• To reduce local, regional and global environmental impacts;• Ethanol is the only renewable source which can be used in

transportation sector.

Oil flows throughout the world. Source: UNDP, UNDESA, WEC, 2002

• Largest share of the world’s oil resources: concentrated in regions with potential political or economic instabilities.

• High costs of maintaining energy security

• Biofuels: Increasing diversification of energy matrix

• Biofuels: reducing reliance on fossil fuel and thus energy security

Strategic Benefits from Biofuels

GNESD Bioenergy Theme• Objectives:

– to carry out an initial assessment of the potentials of bioenergy for rural development for all types of bioenergy i.e. liquid, solid and gas.

– to study all forms of bioenergy to specifically examine the roles they can play in rural development and poverty alleviation.

• The study is being developed in two phases:– Inception phase – Thematic phase

Inception Phase (by March 2009)

• Objective: – to identify bioenergy forms used in the different

developing countries covered by GNESD. – to provide key elements for the full thematic study

• current situation of biomass • biomass policies in each country• perspectives for the implementation of bioenergy

programs.

Inception PhaseTable of Contents

1. Executive summary2. Introduction3. Literature review on bioenergy in the region:

• Current production of biomass for energy • Other relevant information (informed by each Centre)

4. Review of the current bioenergy programmes/policies in the country/region, including (liquid) biofuels programmes

5. Description of the bioenergy forms and the methodology to be used (3 to 4 forms per centre)

6. Identification of case studies to be carried out in detail in the second phase with justifications for each country. Ideally there should be case studies for each form of bioenergy being studied.

7. Conclusions of the inception phase

Main Outcomes of Inception Phase (I)

Centers Countries studied in the Inception Phase

Existing biomass Proposed case studies

AFREPREN(Kenya)

Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda

Fuelwood, ethanol, biodiesel, biogas

Biomass cogenerationBiogasLandfill gasBioethanol

AIT(Thailand)

Thailand and Indonesia

Traditional biomass, agricultural residues for electricity production

BiofuelsBiomass powerBiogas

CENBIO/CentroClima(Brazil)

Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador

Ethanol, biodiesel, fuel wood, charcoal, biogas and agricultural and forestry residues

BioethanolBiodiesel

Enda(Senegal)

Mali, Ghana, Senegal Traditional fuel wood and charcoal

BiogasBiodieselFuel wood

ERC(South Africa)

South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique

Traditional fuelwood BioethanolBiodieselGelfuel (80% ethanol) for cookingCharcoalCertification (impacts)

Main Outcomes of Inception Phase (II)

Center Countries studied in the Inception Phase

Existing biomass Proposed case studies

ERI(China)

China Agricultural residues, forestry residues, municipal solid waste and livestock waste, biogas, ethanol

Biomass powerBioethanolPellets from agricultural residues and biomass gasification

Fundación Bariloche(Argentina)

Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay

Biodiesel, fuel wood, agricultural residues

Forest biomassAgricultural residuesLivestock waste

MEDREC(Tunisia)

Tunisia Woody biomass, biogas and biodiesel

PelletsBiogasJatropha curcas

TERI(India)

India Woody biomass, agricultural residues, biogas, biodiesel and ethanol.

Biomass based energy production in remote village, biomass power and biogas

Thematic Phase (2nd Phase)

• Objectives:– to review the existing bioenergy policies in the sub-region– to identify the barriers and assess good and bad practices

through detailed case studies from each sub-region– to formulate recommendations for policy decisions

toward rural development and poverty alleviation.• The potentials of each type of bioenergy will be

identified from economic, social and environmental perspectives.

• Deadline: September 2009.

Proposed Outline for Thematic Phase(To be discussed)

1. Country / region presentation overview• geographic, climate and economic conditions, population, infrastructure, etc• energy consumption – fossil / RE – current and future

2. Bioenergy in the region • current use (type, amount, end use, costs, other issues?)

3. Sustainability aspects of each type of bioenergy• economic• environmental • social issues• certification issues – additional costs, capacity building, perspectives for developing

countries, existing difficulties for implementation. • suggestion for discussion: study from UNCTAD (2008) – “Making Certification Work for Sustainable• Development: The Case of Biofuels”

4. Study cases for each country/region5. Existing barriers6. Policy recommendations for the country/region7. Conclusions