Groove TimeOctober 29, 2013 What part of the world did the Vikings

come from? What did Vikings do during the 9th

and 10th centuries? What was valued in Viking society? Who were the first settlers of North

America and when did they arrive?

The CrusadesOctober 29, 2013

The Crusades Religious conflicts between Christians

and Muslims in the Middle Ages War against the “infidels” or

unbeliever

Knight Templars Most skilled

Christian fighters Protect Christian

pilgrims in the Holy Land

Provided both knights and money to fund the Crusades

First Crusade, 1096-1099 CE Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked

Pope Urban II for help against the Turks in 1096

Mostly French Attracted by religion, adventure and

wealth Holy city of Jerusalem taken by army

Second Crusade,1147-1149 CE Cities recaptured by Muslims The Church calls for another

“crusade” Total failure for Christians

Third Crusade, 1189-1192 CE Reaction to fall of the Holy City of

Jerusalem in 1187 Led by leaders of Germany, England

and France Ended with agreement that Christians

are allowed access to city but city remained under Muslim rule

Fourth Crusade, 1202-1204 CE Set out to reclaim Muslim-controlled

Jerusalem Got distracted in Constantinople

Sacked the (Orthodox) Christian city

“There was never a greater crime against humanity than the Fourth Crusade.”

Children’s Crusade, 1212 Nicholas of Cologne says God has

told him to lead a Children’s Crusade to Jerusalem

Thousands of young people follow to Italy

Effects of Crusades Helped stabilize European society Development of centralized

governments Monarchs began to expand their powers

Growth in religious enthusiasm Laid the groundwork for the Inquisition

Effects on Relations Solidified schism between Roman

Catholic and Orthodox Christians Merchants were more inclined to

trade with Middle East

Ottoman EmpireOctober 30, 2013

Intro Late 13th century, a group of Turks in

the NW corner of Anatolia Peninsula begin Ottoman Empire.

Expand to Western Asia, North Africa and Europe

Reached its height under Süleyman (1520-1566)

Ottoman Rule “Gunpowder empire” –

outside conquerors unified the conquered regions Successful due to

military strength/technology

Sultan: supreme political and military leader Hereditary Advised by imperial

counsel Pashas: local rulers

Religion Sunni Muslims

Sultan responsible for guiding flock and maintaining Islamic law

Tolerant of non-Muslims Paid taxes but allowed to worship

Society Ruling class Merchants Artisans Peasants Pastoral peoples

Sultan owned all the land

Culture Exchange of Western and Ottoman

ideas Patrons of the arts

Textiles, arms/armor and architecture (Mosques)

Fall of Ottoman Empire Trade with Europe led to weakened

Ottoman economy Military failure in Vienna shows

weakness Expanding divide between upper and

lower classes