Group #2 Members Sherayne Banner Karema Roca Cecelia Smith
Julio Bobadilla Grace Tillett Laura Kelly
Slide 3
History of Belize Chronological Table Toward an Independent
Belize 200 - 800 A.D. -Maya cities flourish all through Belize. 900
1000 A.D. -Maya cultural decline in Southern and Central America
1520s -Corts crosses Southern Belize 1530s -Montejo attempts to
conquer Belize for Spain. Nachankan and Belize Maya defeated
Spanish.
Slide 4
1650s -British buccaneers begin to settle Belizean coast. 1660
-Bartholomew Sharpe, famous British pirate, makes Belize his base
and begins to harvest logwood for sale to U.K. 1670 -Godolphin
(Madrid) Treaty opening all of the Americas to British
colonization. 1717 -Spanish force from Peten drives out
Baymen.
Slide 5
1720s -First record of African slaves in Belize. 1754 -Spanish
drive out Baymen who return within a year. 1763 -Treaty of Paris:
Spain permitted British settlers to cut logwood; no boundaries
defined. 1765 -Admiral Burnaby codified Settlement's Regulations,
known as "Burnaby's Code". Public meetings passed resolutions
boundaries of logwood works. 1765/68/73 -Slaves revolt.
Slide 6
1779 -Spanish forces capture Belize and take Baymen and slaves
to Yucatan. Slaves freed after declaring loyalty to Spain. Baymen
sent to Cuba. 1783 -Treaty of Versailles: Spain recognizes British
rights to cut logwood in Belize between the Hondo and Belize
rivers. 1784 -Settlers return to Belize; Despard appointed first
Superintendent of the settlement. 1786 -Convention of London
expands British rights in Belize to the Sibun and permits mahogany
cutting.
Slide 7
1787 -British evacuate Mosquito Shore and 2,214 "Shore men" and
their slaves came to Belize. Public meeting determined
qualifications for owning mahogany works. 1788 -Maya attacked
mahogany works on New River. 1798 -Battle of St. George's Caye 1802
-150 Garifuna already settled at Stann Creek. 1807 -Abolition of
slave trade.
Slide 8
o 1817 -Superintendent takes away power of settlers to issue
lands; large body of runaway slaves reported in the interior. 1820
-Slave revolt. 1821 -Mexican and Central American independence.
1831 -Act passed to give equal rights to "colored subjects" as to
whites. 1832 -Large number of Garifuna arrive in Belize (Garifuna
settlement day). 1834/38 -Slavery abolished. Land ordered to be
sold and no longer issued free. 1847 -War of the Castes in Yucatan
sends thousands of refugees into Belize.
Slide 9
1856 -North side of Belize City destroyed by fire. 1859
-British- Guatemala Treaty over Belize. British Honduras Company
(later B.E.C.) formed. 1862 -Belize becomes a Colony of "British
Honduras". 1865 -Labourers brought from West Indian islands and
China, especially for work on sugar estates of B.H. Co. 1866
-British troops routed by Maya in Yalbac Hills.
Slide 10
1867 -Reinforced British Troops destroy Maya villages and crops
in Yalbac. 1871 -Belize declared Crown Colony after Assembly
dissolved itself in 1870. Three of the four unofficial members in
new Legislative Council represent landed interests. 1894
-Constables mutiny. Belizeans workers riot for better pay. 1906
-Belize City gets electricity. 1914 -World War I - Many Belizeans
volunteers served. 1919 -Belizean troops riot upon return
home.
Slide 11
1922 -Marcus Garvey visits Belize. 1929 -Great Depression
begins. 1931 -Great Hurricane - over 2,000 dead. 1933 -Guatemala
re- asserts claim to Belize. 1934 -Antonio Soberanis leads workers
protests. 1939 -World War II. 1949 -B.H. dollar devalued. 1950
-Founding of the P.U.P. 1952 -National strike led by General
Workers Union. 1954 -Vote for all adults. 1964 -Self
Government.
Slide 12
1968 -The "Webster Proposals": Draft treaty presented by U.S.A.
media tor for Anglo- Guatemalan dispute, rejected by government and
people. 1970s -Internalization of Belize's cause. 1971 -Belize
joins CARIFTA. Belmopan becomes capital of Belize. 1973 -Country's
name legally changed to "Belize". Aliens Landholding Ordinance
passed. 1975 -First pro- Belize resolution passed by General
Assembly of United Nations.
Slide 13
1976 -Belize given "special status" in Non-Aligned Movement.
1981 -Independence Belize joins Commonwealth, United Nations and
Non- Aligned Movement.
Slide 14
Identification The country now known as Belize derives its name
from one of two historical sources: Maya root words or the surname
of the Scottish buccaneers Peter Wallace who maintained a camp near
present day Belize City in the seventeen century. The formation of
a consciousness of a national culture coincided with the growth of
the nationalist movement in the 1950s toward Independence.
Slide 15
Ethnic and Geographical Identification In the North and West
there were the Mestizos, people formed by the union of Spaniards
and Mayas. The central part, there were the Creoles, formed by the
intermarriage of the British and their African slaves. In the south
there were the Garifunas, also called Black Caribs along the coast
and the Mayas further island.
Slide 16
Location and Geography Belize is at the southern end of the
Yucatan peninsula, facing the Caribbean Sea. It covers 8,866 square
miles (23,000 square kilometres) and has the second largest barrier
reef in the world, which shelters scores of cayes. Demography
Immigration has been a major demographic factor. Together with the
long-resident Spanish-speaking group, they have become the largest
ethnic group, according to the census of 1991. This group numbered
81,275, or 44 percent, of the national population of 189,392.
Slide 17
The different groups speak their own languages, but the
language spoken across ethnic lines is a form of pidgin English
called Creole. There is much bilingualism and multilingualism.
English is taught in all primary schools; however, its use is
limited to official discourse and it appears more often in the
written form than in the spoken.
Slide 18
Food and Economy Food in Daily Life. Imported bleached wheat
flour, corn, beans, rice, and poultry are the daily staples. There
are hardly any food taboos, but there are beliefs across ethnic
groups that certain foods, notably soups and drinks, help restore
health. Apart from specific preferences for some food items at
large religious ceremonies, especially among the Garifuna, the
items eaten at ceremonies are basically those eaten daily. At such
ceremonies, there are usually store-bought alcoholic beverages.
Only in some rural communities are home-fermented fruit wines
drunk.
Slide 19
Basic Economy and Trade. The national currency is known as the
Belizean dollar. In the 1990s, there were periods when the country
was self-sufficient in corn, rice, beans, poultry, pork, and beef,
marking the first time that demand for those staples was satisfied
consistently. However, the third largest import is food, which in
1996 amounted to 17 percent of total imports.
Slide 20
Political Life Government. The government is a parliamentary
democracy, and there is separation of the executive, legislature,
and judiciary. However, the political parties have virtually
eliminated the power of the legislature in favour of a cabinet of
ministers. Leadership and Political Officials. The Peoples United
Party and the United Democratic Party provide the informal
mechanisms that make the formal structures of the government
function. Both draw support across all ethnic groups and social
classes. All members of the government maintain openness to the
public and encourage their constituents to communicate with
Slide 21
Religion Religious Beliefs. Christianity is the main religion.
Most of the people are Roman Catholics, Anglican, Methodists,
Baptists, or Mennonites. There are some Moslems and Hindus.
Religious Practitioners. The power of churches comes from their
spiritual strength as well as from the state. Rituals and Holy
Places. Belize City and Belmopan are important sites for religious
denominations. The Anglican Saint John's Cathedral was consecrated
in Belize City in 1826. Roman Catholics have cathedrals in Belize
City and Belmopan.
Slide 22
Secular Celebrations Three secular holidays predate the
nationalist movement. Baron Bliss Day on 9 March celebrates a
British benefactor who established a trust fund for the country's
welfare. Commonwealth Day on the fourth Monday in May celebrates
participation the British Commonwealth of Nations. Saint George's
Caye Day on 10 September commemorates the victory by settlers in
the last military effort of Spain to retake Belize in 1798.
Holidays introduced as a result of the nationalist movement and
later independence, 21 September, 12 October, and 19 November.
etc
Slide 23
History of Barbados The first inhabitants of Barbados were the
Arawak Indians. In 1200 Ad the Arawak were driven off by Carib
Indians from Venezuela. The Caribs later abandoned Barbados In 1536
Portuguese explorer Pedro a Campos discovered the island en route
to Brazil. He named the island Los Barbados, meaning the Bearded
One.
Slide 24
History of Barbados On May 14 th 1625 Captain John Powell
landed and claimed the uninhabited island for England. In 1627 his
brother Captain Henry Powell landed with a party of 80 settlers and
slaves. By the end of 1628 the population was around 2000 The
colonists originally planted tobacco and cotton, but in 1640
discovered the potential of Sugar Cane. To meet labor demand they
imported large amounts of African Slaves.
Slide 25
History of Barbados In 1663 Barbados was made a British Crown
Possession In 1816, due to the poor living conditions and
treatment, the slaves staged a revolt. In 1834 Slavery was
abolished An economic depression hit in the 1930s which led to
streets riots. As a consequence the British Colonial Welfare was
established To counter political unrest, the British reluctantly
gave black reformers roles.
Slide 26
History of Barbados One of the key reformers, Grantley Adams
became the first Prime Minister and was knighted by the queen.
Barbados gained internal self government in 1961 and in 1966 gained
full independence and retained its status as a Commonwealth
country. Independence Day is celebrated annually on the 30 th
November. In 1967 Barbados joined the United Nations after World
War II. Barbados is now a peaceful democratic society without major
incident.
Slide 27
History of Barbados The current Prime Minister, Freundel
Stuart, took office after the sudden death of late Prime Minister
David Thompson. Prime Minister Stuart represents the DLP
(Democratic Labour Party) who came into power in 2008. The previous
government BLP (Barbados Labour Party) was led by Owen Arthur who
had been in power since 1994.
Slide 28
Location and Geography Barbados is a coral limestone of the
South American continental shelf that lies in the Western Atlantic
Ocean. 100 miles east of the island of St. Lucia and 200 miles
north of Trinidad. Has low, rolling hills, and microclimate
variations from rainforest to semi-desert.
Slide 29
Demography and Language More than 260,000 people live on this
island As early as 1680, the island was home to 70,000 people.
Barbadians speak a dialect of English with tonal quality reflecting
the West African hertitage Also speaks an English-West African
pidgin called Bajan.
Slide 30
Ethic relations About 80% of all Barbadians are descendants of
former African slaves. Also has a high proportion of citizens with
large European history. Barbados is generally free from ethnic
tension.
Slide 31
food Coocoo (a creamy blend of cornmeal and okra) and flying
fish is the national dish. Bread and fried flying fish is a popular
snack or meal. Popular fruits include papaya, mangoes, bananas,
oranges and pineapple
Slide 32
economy Currency is Barbados dollars, which is linked to the
United States dollar. Barbados served as a tourists destination as
early as the 1600s Small numbers of tourists come from South
America and the other island in the Caribbean. Most tourists come
from the United States and Canada.
Slide 33
Leadership and Political Officials The Barbados Labour Party
(BLP) and the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) compete for seats in
the House of Assembly. Members of the senate are appointed by the
governor-general The Cabinet helps the prime minister carry out the
executive functions of government.
Slide 34
Religious Beliefs More than 80% of the population is Christian
and more than half belong to the Church of England. Small East
Indian community includes some people who practice Hinduism. A
small number of people of diverse background practice Islam. A
growing number of people practice Rastafarianism.
Slide 35
The Native People of Belize Maya civilization in Belize dates
back to as early as 1500 B.C., and reached its peak between 300 and
900 A.D. The Mopan Maya originally inhabited parts of central
Belize and the Petn in Guatemala.
Slide 36
Kekchi The Kekchi Maya are originally from the Verapaz region
of Guatemala.
Slide 37
Maya Dress Many women wear plain color, full-length dresses
sewn from a variety of bright color material, with lace trimmings
around the collar and sleeves. Other women use calf length skirts
of machine or hand woven cloth. Blouses are made of white or
colored cotton cloth and decorated with embroidery or lace
trimmings.
Slide 38
FOOD The mainstay of the Kekchi and Mopan diet is corn and
beans.
Slide 39
FESTIVALS, MUSIC, AND DANCE Fiestas, dancing and traditional
music remain important as several festivals and celebrations occur
throughout the year.
Slide 40
The Garinagu the first Garifuna arrived in British Honduras on
November 19, 1802.
Slide 41
The Native People of Barbados The native Barbados people are
believed to be Arawaks Indians.
Slide 42
Barbados 18621981 1627-1966
Slide 43
Colonial Belize Barbados European settlement began in 1638
Europeans settled in 1670s in this particular area. 1798, the
United Kingdom and Spain went to war (Battle of St. Georges Caye)
was not termed the Colony of British Honduras until 1840. The
British were the first Europeans to colonize the islands. They
first arrived in 1625. The first settlement landed some time later
on 17 February 1627. The first colonists were tenants.
Slide 44
Colonial Belize Barbados In 1862, the British settlement became
a Crown Colony. In 1884 a full governor was appointed. British
Honduras petitioned Her Majesty Queen Victoria for Crown Colony,
this was granted in 1871 In1627 King Charles I made grant of all
the Caribbean islands to the Earl of Carlisle. In 1628 under the
mistaken impression that Barbados was not one of the Caribbean
islands, King Charles granted the island to the Earl of
Pembroke
Slide 45
Colonial Belize Barbados In 1954 Universal Adult Suffrage was
introduced. The 1960 Constitution led to a greater independence. On
the 1 st January,1964 full internal self government was achieved.
In 1981 Belize gained its independence. Lord Carlisle died in 1636,
and his son leased the island for 21 years to Lord Willoughby of
Parham. Barbados had the second oldest Parliament in the
Commonwealth the legislature formed in 1639 The creation of an
Executive Committee in 1881
Slide 46
Colonial Belize Barbados The first step toward Ministerial
government in 1954 Barbados gained its independence in1966 George
ArthurGeorge Arthur, Superintendent of British Honduras
Slide 47
Colonial Belize Barbados Colonial Flag (Blue Ensi Colonial Flag
(Blue Ensign)1870-1966 British Honduras (1870-1919/1920)
Slide 48
Colonial Belize Barbados James HayJames Hay (Lord Carlisle),
made Lord Proprietor of Barbados by King Charles I on 2 July 1627.
Lord ProprietorBarbadosCharles I Panoramic view of Belize City, c.
1914
Slide 49
Colonial Flags Belize Barbados Governor 1870-1966 Flag of Queen
Elizabeth II in Barbados British Honduras (1870- 1919/1920) Flag of
Lieutenant Governor/Governor - Presumably from 1870-1981
Slide 50
Current Issues Crime Crime is a serious offence against the
public law. Both Belize and Barbados have similar precaution
measures against crime. Graph to show statistic of crime rate in
Belize and Barbados.
Current Issues Living conditions Poor street conditions
especially during rainy weather. House in Belize and Barbados
Slide 56
Homes in Belize
Slide 57
Slide 58
Homes in Barbados
Slide 59
Slide 60
Current Issues Education School system in Belize. The system is
based on British education and is broken into three levels
(Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) School system in Barbados. It is
fashioned after the British. Free education from Primary to
tertiary in Barbados Highest literacy rate in the world (89%) in
Barbados.
Slide 61
Current Issues Health Theres little to worry about in Barbados
where health care is top quality. Main hospital Medical health care
quality.
Slide 62
Methods of Teaching History
Slide 63
Helping Students Interpret History ESOC 2152
Slide 64
What is History? Chronological study that interprets and gives
meaning to events and applies systematic methods to discover the
truth Teacher who knows the details of the lives of individual
students have a better understanding of the students interest,
fears, and behaviors The more students know about history, the
better they can learn.
Slide 65
Teachers need to reflect on the following: a. What are the big
ideas I need to teach? b. How can the study of history grab
students interest? c. How can I encourage students to ask important
questions about what happened? d. What inaccurate conceptions do my
students hold that keep them from completely understanding the
objectives?
Slide 66
Teachers need to reflect on the following: e. How can I help
students understand the past and get inside others experiences? f.
How can I help students understand that history is an interpretive
construction based on evidence?
Slide 67
History in Schools Goals and Specifications: A knowledge of
Belize and a commitment to its nationhood and development. know the
history and status of Belize as a nation, including its social,
political, and economic development. To develop and enhance the
learner's full potential to actively participate in development of
his/her society.
Slide 68
History in Schools Children study history when: they sequence
and order events in their daily lives, hear stories about today and
long ago, Recognize that other individuals hold different views
and, Understand links between their actions and decisions and their
consequences.
Slide 69
Benefits of Studying History: a. Personal Benefits: Help people
attain their identity by finding their own place in the history of
the world. b. Helps individuals better understand and study other
subjects in the humanities. c. Helps unify citizens into
communities by creating a national identity. d. Helps people
develop cognitively.
Slide 70
Students and the Learning of History a. Students are able to
address some aspects of history b. Children know more about some
historical topics than others c. Know a lot about content and
interpersonal relations of social history but very little about the
nature and purpose of government, politics, and economics.
Slide 71
Strategies and Resources for Teaching History: a.Using
Timelines to Develop Chronology Time is abstract therefore
timelines are used to assist students in understanding time-related
concepts. Timelines are concrete devices. The calendar also helps
to mark the passage of time and important changes that occur over
time. The teacher helps students to recognize important ideas
related to history.
Slide 72
Resources for Teaching History: Locating and Using Historical
Resources: Historians use many resources. Some of these resources
are readily available; others can be obtained through inquiries and
using the Internet. Resources for teaching can be obtained by
asking for help.
Slide 73
Resources for Teaching History: a.People as Resources
b.Artifacts and Museums c.The Community as a Resource d.Documents
as Resources e.Diaries, Letters, and Pictures as Resources
Slide 74
Visual Literacy and History Artist preserved the likeness of
people and landscapes in paintings, on the walls of caves and on
pottery, in stone or on canvas. Because the languages of many
people are not written or cannot be translated, works of art
provide us with our best sources of information about many people
and how they lived A painting, drawing, or photograph is an
interpretation of what was
Slide 75
Reenactments and Drama Visit to historic sites. History is
taught by re-enactors through presentations and answering questions
as if the spectator had stepped into the historic scene. Teachers
can use the acting out of history to role play people events.
Slide 76
Biographies and Historical Literature The story like format of
trade books is familiar and can help students to read and
understand the material. A story may be used as part of an
explanatory introduction to help raise interest in or questions
about events. Using multiple books provides an opportunity to
accommodate students with different abilities. Biographies and
historical fiction are two types of trade books that have been
popular among young readers.