Upload
devin-maudsley
View
217
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Growth, Prosperity & Jobs for All within Planetary Boundaries
with a Focus on Youth and Women
Dr. Mark Roseland, Centre for Sustainable Community Development
School of Resource and Environmental ManagementSimon Fraser UniversityVancouver, Canada
www.sfu.ca/cscd; www.rem.sfu.ca [email protected]
Communitas Coalition for Sustainable Cities & Regions in the New UN Development Agenda
Communitas Experts Workshop, UN, NYC5-6 December 2013
Two huge and potentially conflicting challenges
1) Growth, Prosperity and Jobs for All, including women and youth, vs.
2) Getting/staying within planetary boundaries
How to address each without worsening the other?
The territorial dimension
This dilemma is further complicated by increasing urbanization and the changing role of cities
But first…. what planetary boundaries must we be within?
human population (2013): 7.1 billion
average eco- footprint/person: 2.7 gha
biocapacity per person: 1.7 gha
overshoot (EF – biocapacity) 1.0 gha
58% overshoot
The Global Ecological Deficit(comparing supply and demand)
ffads
global biocapacity: 12.0 billion hectares
current human eco-footprint: 19.0 billion hectares
The
Glo
bal P
ictu
re Economic and material growth today is being financed by the liquidation of essential, non-substitutable self-producing natural capital and at the expense of global life support systems. We are in violation of Hicksian sustainability criterion.
We do not share well.
* The wealthiest 20% of humanity take home 70-75% of income (consumption); the poorest 20% survive on about 2% of income (purchasing power parity). More than 80 percent of the world’s population lives in countries where income differentials are widening.* in cities: increasing phenomena of urban poverty and exclusion * poverty in cities increasingly linked to the informal economy, where women and youth are often locked in * Urban poverty is also increasingly segregated; inequalities are concentrated mainly in slums, especially in the developing world (est. 1/3 of population)
Practitioner Experience
An explosion of “eco-city” frameworks, standards and indicators
Local authorities using sustainable community initiatives
Gaps re: funding, power, shared vision and framework, coordination, mandate
Thinking About Targets
In the Rio+20 outcome document ‘The Future We Want’, Member States agreed that Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) must be:• Action-oriented• Concise• Easy to communicate• Limited in number• Aspirational• Global in nature• Universally applicable to all countries while taking into
account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities.
Review of Targets Proposed by Others
* UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network* UN Habitat* Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)• CIGI and Korea Development Institute,
proposed renaming this Goal as: “Inclusive Growth for Dignified Livelihoods and
Adequate Standards of Living”
Communitas Proposed Targets
Target 1: Bring global, national and city-region production and consumption within planetary boundaries Country-level targets should be established consistent with living within our ecological means. A 58% reduction in average ecological footprints implies a 65% reduction on average in Europe, and 80% in North America by 2030. The ecological footprints of many developing countries are currently well below their bio-capacity and would, therefore, be set at a higher level, allowing for growth in their use of bio-capacity.
Communitas Proposed Targets
Target 2: Redirect subsidies to fossil fuel and resource-based industries by 10% per annum towards the sustainable development of economic sectors relevant to each country and its territories in order to foster social and territorial cohesion From 2016-2030, set a target of a 10% per annum reduction of government subsidies to fossil fuel and resource-based industries and use the savings to fund training, investment and job creation. For instance, for unemployed fishers – save the fisheries and biodiversity while helping people find and create work in alternative, more environmentally benign sectors.
Communitas Proposed Targets
Target 3: Build the Urban Green Economy Reconcile the potentially conflicting global agendas of reducing poverty and averting climate catastrophe by building the green economy. Specific actions required include: • prioritizing government investment and spending in areas that stimulate the greening of economic sectors;• limiting spending in areas that deplete natural capital; and • employing taxes and market-based instruments to shift consumer preference and promote green investment and innovation
Communitas Proposed Targets
Target 4: Invest in Green Infrastructure, also at the city-region scale, for social cohesion and community resilience
Infrastructure has great influence on how sustainable or unsustainable our cities are. As infrastructure needs to be built or replaced, governments at all levels have a tremendous opportunity to invest in green infrastructure as a way of providing universal access to basic services (transportation, energy, wastewater and stormwater management, upgrading slum housing), while at the same time stimulating necessary economic growth (at least in developing countries), creating jobs, and alleviating poverty.
Communitas Proposed Targets
Target 5: Invest in capacity building for prosperous communities, with a focus on youth and women unemployed or locked into the urban informal economyCommunity capacity building is based on individual capacity building, especially education and training. Capacity building should specifically include education and training for disadvantaged and/or marginalized populations, including youth and women unemployed or locked into the urban informal economy.
Links to Other SDGs
Linked with all, but particularly with:• Participatory democracy, poverty and inequalities
reduction• Universal access to affordable and quality public and
social services and utilities, including housing, water & sanitation, transport and energy
• Linkages with rural development, including food security and resources provision; and
• the cross-cutting theme of transformational partnerships and multi-level governance for sustainable city-region development.
Moving Forward
• This paper supports the case for an urban SDG.• Green growth is the only way to have growth,
prosperity and jobs for all while getting/staying within planetary boundaries.
• One key to advancing sustainable development is to better enable cities and regions to address global as well as local development challenges
• Integration of economic, social and environmental objectives is critical.
Example sustainability assessment frameworks
International framework schemes• Eco2 Cities (World Bank)• One Planet Communities (BioRegional)• Climate + Program (Clinton Climate Initiative)• Community Capital Tool (Simon Fraser University)
Municipal indicator use• Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)• Menlyn Main, Pretoria (South Africa)• Tianjin Binhai Eco-City (China)
National & municipal indicator use• BREEAM Communities• German urban sustainability frameworks• Greenest City 2020, Vancouver (Canada)• Low-Carbon Cities China • Surat/Gandhinagar Solar Cities (India)• Victoria Harbour, Melbourne (Australia)
25
What is Pando?
Pando.scA free, multi-lingual online community with a professional focus, where researchers, academics, and public- and private-sector practitioners focused on local sustainability challenges can share knowledge, network, and collaborate.
Moving Forward – 2
• Need framework that is grounded in sustainable development theory and address all aspects of sustainability (at least ecological, economic, and social); integrates competing interests; includes all levels of government and stakeholders; measures progress; and provides a common language to talk about sustainable development
• indicators used must provide balance between scientific imperatives and public participation; they should also show what is possible
• be adaptable within a “universal” framework; recognize uniqueness of place; acknowledge and address regional vs. local indicators; allow for public input and engagement
• must enable monitoring performance and outcomes over time; they should also be scalable in terms of effort and cost