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Grunenwald Science and Technology Building Shane Helm Mechanical Option. Presentation Overview Building Overview Existing Mechanical System Geothermal Heat Pump Analysis Sizing Geothermal Wells Construction Breadth Energy Consumption &Payback DOAS with Parallel System Analysis - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Grunenwald Science and Technology BuildingShane Helm Mechanical Option
Grunenwald Science and Technology BuildingShane Helm Mechanical Option
Presentation OverviewBuilding Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Geothermal Heat Pump Analysis Sizing Geothermal Wells Construction Breadth Energy Consumption &Payback
DOAS with Parallel System Analysis Equipment Selection & Sizing Energy Consumption & Payback
Recommendations
**Architectural Breadth Covered Only in Final Report
Building Overview Overall Design GoalsProvide State of the Art Laboratories
Allow for Campus Growth with Additional Classrooms and Offices
Keep Original Planetarium from Old Pierce Science Center
Renovate & Include Large Lecture Hall & Planetarium in New Science and Technology Building
Owner: Clarion University
Building Size: 108,560 sf
Function: Educational Facility Laboratories, Classrooms,
Offices
Construction Period Oct. 2006-June 2009
Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build
Total Cost= $34 million
SustainabilityAchieved LEED Gold Rating
Sustainable Design Approach Rainwater Collection Micro Turbine, Waste Heat Used to
Pre-treat Outdoor Air Photovoltaic Panels, <1% of Energy
Load
Existing Mechanical System Overview
Chilled WaterChilled Water Produced by (2) Centrifugal Chillers in Series
Temperature Entering Coil= 44˚ F
(2) 750 gpm Cooling Towers Total Mechanical System Cost=$6.25 million
5 VAV Modular Air Handling Units 3 100 % Outdoor Air VAV Units to Serve
Laboratories Range in Size From 23,000 to 42,000
CFM
Include Energy Recovery Wheels
Glycol Runaround Coil to Pre-condition Outdoor Air
Hot Water(4) Natural Gas Boilers
Campus Central Plant
(2) Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers Campus Produced Steam Supplies
Heat to Water Hot water Leaves at 180˚ F and Enters
at 140˚ F
Grunenwald Science and Technology Building
GoalImprove the Energy
Efficiency by Exploring Alternative Mechanical
Systems
Geothermal Heat Pump Design
Heat Pump Selection Water to Water Floor Mounted
Capacity up to 35 tons
Operating Conditions Ground Water Loop, 75 gpm per Heat
Pump EWT=85˚ F LWT=93.7˚ F
Load Water Loop, 90 gpm per Heat Pump LWT=44˚ F EWT=50˚ F
Actual Capacity= 259,000Btuh=21.6 tons
17 Heat Pumps Needed to Meet Full Cooling Load
McQuay Heat Pump Model WRA 420 34 in. x 50 in. x 63.125 in.
Placed in Mechanical Room In Floor Plan where Chillers Originally
Located
Sizing Geothermal For Cooling Only Design Implements Vertical Bore Holes
Based on Process Outlined in Chapter 32 of ASHRAE Handbook 2007: HVAC Applications
Heating Load met by Campus Natural Gas Boiler Plant Need for More Bore Length when Cooling
Only
Calculated Total Bore Length= 87,458 ft
Design Considerations Ground Temperature
Clarion, PA = 51˚ F
Designed to Meet Full Cooling Load 4,235,700 Btu/hr
1” HDPE Pipe for Bore Hole Loop
15’x15’ Bore Hole Spacing
Grout & Piping Installed after Hole has been Drilled
Construction Breadth-Geothermal System
Heritage Hall
Grunenwald Science and Technology Building
Length (ft)
# of Bores
Bore Depth ft/day day/Bore Days Weeks Drilling Cost
Location of Site
87458 170 514 900 0.572 97.2 19.4 $329,619.48 N Quad 87458 210 416 900 0.463 97.2 19.4 $329,619.48 N Quad 87458 250 350 900 0.389 97.2 19.4 $329,619.48 N Quad 87458 270 324 1200 0.270 72.9 14.6 $216,312.79 N Quad 87458 310 282 1200 0.235 72.9 14.6 $216,312.79 N&S Quad 87458 350 250 1200 0.208 72.9 14.6 $216,312.79 N&S Quad 87458 380 230 1200 0.192 72.9 14.6 $216,312.79 N&S Quad 87458 390 224 1800 0.125 48.6 9.7 $118,457.00 N&S Quad 87458 430 203 1800 0.113 48.6 9.7 $118,457.00 N&S Quad
Equipment/Material Cost for Location Equipment Cost for Location Drilling $216,312.79 (2) Centrifugal Chillers $209,244.00 Grout $196,019.48 Cooling Tower $54,000.00
Heat Pumps $448,800.00 Piping $78,967.52
Pumps (Hydraulic) $55,389.50 Welding $3,774.10
Initial Cost Increased by $736,019.37
Schedule Dependent on the Bore Hole Depth Installation of Pipes & Grout 1 week after
Drilling To Prevent Blow Outs
Not on Critical Path Total: 15.6 weeks, over Summer
Semesters(14 weeks)
Location of Wells Lowest Impact on Students North Quad
Increased Initial Cost by $ 736,019
Schedule and Location Optimization
Initial Cost
Energy Use Comparison Geothermal Heat Pumps vs.
Existing VAV Design Total Energy Savings
High Efficiency Saves 562,120 kWh each year Saves ~$27,000
Regular Efficiency Saves 516,811 kWh each year Saves ~$25,000
Calculated Simple Payback Periods High Efficiency- 27.23 years Regular Efficiency- 29.67 years
Reduction in Energy Cost High Efficiency Saves 19.6% Regular Efficiency Saves 18.1%
Added Construction Cost Increase Mechanical System Costs from
$6.25 million to $6.98 million Increase of 11.7% in the Initial Mechanical
Budget
Original Design (VAV)
Geothermal High Efficiency
Geothermal Regular Efficiency
Energy Consumption (kWh)
2,962,304 2,400,184 2,445,493
Electricity Cost $138,141 $111,158.38 $113,333.77 Total Saving (Energy)
562,120 kWh 516,811 kWh
Total Cost Saving per Year
$26,982.62 $24,807.23
Payback Period (years)
27.28 29.67
Dedicated Outdoor Air System Design
DOAS Roof Top Unit Selection Sized Based on Ventilation Air Requirement for
Each Zone
Laboratory Air Handling Units Replaced by DOAS System 1 Sized at 7,450 CFM OA System 2 Sized at 8,800 CFM OA System 3 Sized at 2,100 CFM OA
DOAS Unit meets Entire Latent Load and Part of the Sensible Loads
Roof Top Unit Contains an Enthalpy Wheel and Sensible Wheel Supply Temperature = 55˚ F
Remaining Sensible Load to be met by Parallel System System 1- 336,000 Btu/hr System 2- 432,000 Btu/hr System 3- 47,000 Btu/hr
Parallel Systems Implemented Maximum Ceiling Area of ~50% for Each
System Radiant Ceiling Panels Active Chilled Beams Passive Chilled Beams
Capacity of 30 Btu/hr*ft2
Required Ceiling Area to Meet Remaining Sensible Load System 1- 54.8% >50% System 2- 86.5% > 50% System 3- 74.2% > 50%
Since Required Area’s are Greater than 50% Radiant Ceiling Panels are Not a
Feasible System
Active Chilled Beams Capacity of 3400 Btu/hr for each 12 ft2 unit
Required Number of Units to Meet Remaining Sensible Load System 1- 99 units~ 5.8% Ceiling Area <
50% System 2- 128 units~ 9.2% Ceiling Area <
50% System 3- 14 units~ 7.9% Ceiling Area <
50%
Therefore, Active Chilled Beams are a Feasible System
Modeled using Trace 700 to Calculate Energy Costs
Parallel Systems Passive Chilled BeamsRadiant Ceiling Panels Capacity of 1700 Btu/hr for each 12 ft2 unit
Required Number of Units to Meet Remaining Sensible Load System 1- 198 units~ 11.6% Ceiling Area <
50% System 2- 255 units~ 18.4% Ceiling Area <
50% System 3- 28 units~ 15.8% Ceiling Area <
50%
Therefore, Passive Chilled Beams are a Feasible System
Modeled using Trace 700 to Calculate Energy Costs
Energy Use Comparison DOAS vs.
Existing VAV Design Total Energy Savings
DOAS with Active Chilled Beams Save 217,488 kWh Saves $10,284 each year
DOAS with Passive Chilled Beams Save 277,859 kWh Saves $13,177
Calculated Simple Payback Periods DOAS w/ ACB-6.45 years DOAS w/ PCB- 2.48 years
Reduction in Energy Cost DOAS w/ ACB Saves 7.2% DOAS w/ PCB Saves 9.3%
Added Construction Cost DOAS w/ ACB Increase Mechanical System Costs from
$6.25 million to $6.32 million Increase of 1.1% in the Initial Mechanical
Budget
Added Construction Cost DOAS w/ PCB Increase Mechanical System Costs from
$6.25 million to $6.28 million Increase of 0.5% in the Initial Mechanical
Budget
Original Design (VAV)
DOAS with Passive Chilled Beams
DOAS with Active Chilled Beams
Energy Consumption (kWh)
2,962,304 2,684,445 2,744,816
Electricity Cost $138,141 $125,877 $128,741 Natural Gas Cost $3,444 $2,531 $2,560 Total Saving (Energy)
277,859 kWh 217,488 kWh
Total Cost Saving per Year
$13,177 $10,284
Payback Period (Years)
2.48 6.45
Recommendations
Alternative Systems Geothermal is Not Feasible Due to High
Payback Periods Caused by Large Increase in Initial Cost However, Geothermal System Saves the
most Energy Annually
DOAS with Parallel System had Reasonable Payback Periods between 2.48 to 6.45 years, for PCB & ACB
Best Possible Alternative Design is the DOAS w/ Passive Chilled Beams Payback Period of 2.48 years Initial Cost Increased by $32,000
Grunenwald Science and Technology Building
AcknowledgementsBrinjac Engineering, Inc.Clarion UniversityBCJ ArchitectsMichael Jacobs, Brinjac Engineering, Senior Mechanical EngineerChas Cwernar, BCJ Architects, ArchitectPaul Bylaska, Clarion University, Facility ManagerRachelle Prioleau, Clarion University, Dean College of Arts and SciencesDr. Jelena Srebric, Thesis Advisor
Grunenwald Science and Technology Building
Questions?