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Hands-on Persuasion
Hands-on Persuasion
Stage One:Prewriting for ideas
Stage Two:Prewriting for and developing layered elaboration
Stage Three:Designing the argument
Materials Needed:
• Butcher paper or newsprint• Red, green, and white index cards
or construction paper cut to index card size
• Small Post-its• Tape or glue sticks• Markers
Stage One:Prewriting for
Ideas
1. Brainstorm group of topics
1. Brainstorm things you would like to see changed.
2. Choose one topic, discuss your position, and write your position statement on top of the butcher paper.
3. Each group will share your topic and position statement with class.
We believe that a dress code is needed at EWMS.
Example:
2. Prewriting for Ideas
1. Brainstorm 6-8 reasons supporting their position and record on notebook paper.
2. Discuss and choose the strongest 3-4 reasons and circle them.
3. Write these selected reasons on the GREEN cards.
Brainstorming• Distracts from learning• Discipline problems• Teasing/harassment from peers• Hard to manage style without much effort that
could be used for other more important issues• Can be seen as way to separate kids in a negative
manner• Kids with extreme looks desire attention, and
negative attention is better than none, they think
3. Brainstorm Opposition Viewpoint
1. Consider the other side and brainstorm 3-4 reasons that might support their point of view.
2. Choose the top 1 or 2 and write on RED cards.
• It is nobody’s business how we dress
• Hard to manage/hold accountable
• Takes too much class time to deal with
Brainstorming for Opposition
Stage Two:Developing
Layered Elaboration
Where’s the Beef?Many times we believe that adding adjectives and
adverbs is the way to teach elaboration; however, that is like adding lettuce to a Happy Meal hamburger – there is still little or no meat! We still want the lettuce and tomatoes but on a Bub’s burger rather than that sad excuse of a hamburger you get in a Happy Meal. In fact, there is nothing “happy” about that meal except for the toy and the french fries!
What we need to focus on is the skill of prewriting for elaboration as well as for ideas, hence the use of the CRS chart.
C -- CLAIMYour claims are written on the GREEN
cards. They are your supporting reasons for your argument. Claims are potentially arguable.
Example:One reason why there should be a dress
code is that many of the styles are too distracting and can cause discipline issues.
R -- ReasonNow it is time to give a specific example of your
claim. Reasons are statements that support a given claim. Reasons can be linked to claims with the word “because”. Use adjectives, adverbs, similes, and metaphors to make your examples “show” and not “tell.”
Example: For instance, some of the hair styles that are
fashionable today call for extreme looks like the spiked Mohawk, where the hair is gelled into colored spikes that radiate down the midpoint of the hair. There are usually six to seven spikes with each one extending two to four inches outward!
S -- SupportNow the challenge is to extend your Reason by
answering the question how? Or why? Some form of evidence such as a personal anecdote, extended explanation, facts, or statistics is more effective here.
Example:In my English class, there is a kid named Justin who
has a Mohawk. Everyday, he colors it a different color and Mr. Ybarra always has to stop class and send him to the office. We are guaranteed a least a ten-minute interruption when Justin and Mr. Ybarra argue about his hair. If there was a dress code, then Justin would either have to change his hair style or move to a different school.
The Complete CRS Example
Applying CRS Chart: Use of Index Cards
Applying CRS Chart: Use of Index Cards
Look at our CRSPrewriting!
Stage 3:Designing
the Argument
Organizing Your Argument
Decisions to make:What reasons should I use?Do I use any opposition
reasons? If so, where? What order should I put them
in?Are they all equal in strength
or are some stronger than others?Which one do I want to begin
with? To end with? Why?
Creating Your Argument
1. Once you’ve answered those questions, you are ready to create your argument by taping the elaborated claims in order on the butcher paper.
Adding Transitions
Transitions are key words that show order and importance.
Using the small Post-its, add appropriate transitions words between reasons, between opposing viewpoints, and also to show importance.
On the other hand…
First of all…
First and most importantly…
Finally…
Additionally…
For example…
Finally and most importantly…
Conclusion:Orally
Present Your Argument