Happy Thursday!Happy Thursday!

Pick up an agenda on the stand in the front Put your name on Vocab and turn it in to the

black box on my desk Congratulations! The following students

received an “A” on the test: Jamie Nick Brady Rachel Cardenas Kevin Ewen Rachel Clem Jack Sammy Zaara Myranda Ahsan

Pick up an agenda on the stand in the front Put your name on Vocab and turn it in to the

black box on my desk Congratulations! The following students

received an “A” on the test: Jamie Nick Brady Rachel Cardenas Kevin Ewen Rachel Clem Jack Sammy Zaara Myranda Ahsan

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

What’s going on in the colonies? (review)What’s going on in the colonies? (review) England is not the only country to have

colonies in the New World Spain in Florida, Central America and western

North America France- Canada and central North America

Mercantilism Navigation Acts- Hard to enforce

Salutary Neglect

England is not the only country to have colonies in the New World Spain in Florida, Central America and western

North America France- Canada and central North America

Mercantilism Navigation Acts- Hard to enforce

Salutary Neglect

Sowing Seeds of Self- GovernmentSowing Seeds of Self- Government

Every colony at this point had: Governor- appointed by the king Advisory council- appointed by the Governor Local Assembly- elected by eligible colonists

and paid the Governor’s salary Colonists desired more economic and political

breathing room but still felt loyal to the British Crown

Every colony at this point had: Governor- appointed by the king Advisory council- appointed by the Governor Local Assembly- elected by eligible colonists

and paid the Governor’s salary Colonists desired more economic and political

breathing room but still felt loyal to the British Crown

France in the New WorldFrance in the New World

1608-1st city/settlement Quebec- Canada 1689- claimed the entire Mississippi Valley,

naming Louisiana after King Louis XIV There is a smaller population of French

colonists than English colonists They have friendlier relations with the natives

Need their help with trade

1608-1st city/settlement Quebec- Canada 1689- claimed the entire Mississippi Valley,

naming Louisiana after King Louis XIV There is a smaller population of French

colonists than English colonists They have friendlier relations with the natives

Need their help with trade

Stop and Think!Stop and Think!

What impact does France’s presence in North America have on the Colonist and England?

What impact does France’s presence in North America have on the Colonist and England?

France Fans OutFrance Fans Out

The French fan out by following the beaver Beaver fur was a profitable export Started to collide with English colonies

Jesuits- French Missionaries spread out to convert Natives to Christianity

Fan out along the Ohio River Valley

The French fan out by following the beaver Beaver fur was a profitable export Started to collide with English colonies

Jesuits- French Missionaries spread out to convert Natives to Christianity

Fan out along the Ohio River Valley

WarfareWarfare

The type of warfare used in the New World was called Guerilla Warfare Ambushes, surprise attacks Mostly used by French and Spanish

British used a traditional style of warfare

The type of warfare used in the New World was called Guerilla Warfare Ambushes, surprise attacks Mostly used by French and Spanish

British used a traditional style of warfare

The French and Indian War 1756-1763The French and Indian War 1756-1763 Also known as the Seven Years War Mostly fought over control of the Ohio Valley French built Fort Duquesne where the Ohio

River forms (modern day Pittsburgh) The Virginia Governor sends a militia to evict

the French because they had claim to that land Militia was led by George Washington

Also known as the Seven Years War Mostly fought over control of the Ohio Valley French built Fort Duquesne where the Ohio

River forms (modern day Pittsburgh) The Virginia Governor sends a militia to evict

the French because they had claim to that land Militia was led by George Washington

French/Indian WarFrench/Indian War

War went back and forth and was undeclared for 2 years

The war was fought all over the world (remember it was part of a bigger war)

England and Prussia v. France, Spain Austria and Russia

Not a lot of troops were sent to the colonies

War went back and forth and was undeclared for 2 years

The war was fought all over the world (remember it was part of a bigger war)

England and Prussia v. France, Spain Austria and Russia

Not a lot of troops were sent to the colonies

Stop and Think!!Stop and Think!!

If England refuses to send a lot of troops to the colony, who will they rely on for troops against the French in North America?

If England refuses to send a lot of troops to the colony, who will they rely on for troops against the French in North America?

Colonial Unity?Colonial Unity? The Colonies were not unified because they had

different identities Different cultures, economies, religions,

geography, transportation issues Albany Plan of Union -Benjamin Franklin comes

up with an idea to unite the colonies- meet in Albany

Representatives of 7 out of the 13 colonies showed up and all the colonies north of VA unify

They then become allies with the Iroquois tribe

The Colonies were not unified because they had different identities Different cultures, economies, religions,

geography, transportation issues Albany Plan of Union -Benjamin Franklin comes

up with an idea to unite the colonies- meet in Albany

Representatives of 7 out of the 13 colonies showed up and all the colonies north of VA unify

They then become allies with the Iroquois tribe

Join or Die!Join or Die! Franklin drew this

image to encourage people in the colonies to unite

The cartoon was inspired by superstitions that a sliced snake would revive if the pieces of the body were joined before sunset

Franklin drew this image to encourage people in the colonies to unite

The cartoon was inspired by superstitions that a sliced snake would revive if the pieces of the body were joined before sunset

The WarThe War

General Braddock: British general- mission was to drive the French out of the Ohio River Valley Fought against French soldiers and their Native

American allies He was ambushed and defeated- not used to

the warfare

General Braddock: British general- mission was to drive the French out of the Ohio River Valley Fought against French soldiers and their Native

American allies He was ambushed and defeated- not used to

the warfare

The War cont.The War cont.

William Pitt was appointed the new leader by King George III The British army finally started winning battles The Iroquois tribe, which was very powerful

allied with the British to balance those of the French

William Pitt was appointed the new leader by King George III The British army finally started winning battles The Iroquois tribe, which was very powerful

allied with the British to balance those of the French

Turning PointTurning Point

The turning point of the war was on the Plains of Abraham just outside Quebec British troops under General James Wolfe

surprise attacked Quebec Was able to get the colonists to join by promising

to make Parliament pay the cost This led to a British triumph in the war

The turning point of the war was on the Plains of Abraham just outside Quebec British troops under General James Wolfe

surprise attacked Quebec Was able to get the colonists to join by promising

to make Parliament pay the cost This led to a British triumph in the war

Treaty of Paris (1763)Treaty of Paris (1763)

Great Britain claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi River including Florida which was owned by Spain (an ally of France) Kicked the French out!

Spain gained the French lands west of the Mississippi including the city of New Orleans

France kept only a few small islands near Newfoundland and in the West Indies

Great Britain claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi River including Florida which was owned by Spain (an ally of France) Kicked the French out!

Spain gained the French lands west of the Mississippi including the city of New Orleans

France kept only a few small islands near Newfoundland and in the West Indies

Interactions between English and ColonistsInteractions between English and Colonists The English viewed the colonists as back

woodsy, hicks, uncivilized The Colonists viewed the English as mean,

snobby, dumb Colonists stationed troops in territories to

control Native Americans Colonist thought the Native Americans might turn

on them This cost them a lot of money

The English viewed the colonists as back woodsy, hicks, uncivilized

The Colonists viewed the English as mean, snobby, dumb Colonists stationed troops in territories to

control Native Americans Colonist thought the Native Americans might turn

on them This cost them a lot of money

English also feel…English also feel…

The colonists were left too much on their own Britain is regretting Salutary Neglect

Colonists are creating their own gov’t, religion economy apart from Britain

The colonists didn’t help enough with the war effort

Taxed the colonists for the war effort But wait a minute- they were supposed to foot the

bill!

The colonists were left too much on their own Britain is regretting Salutary Neglect

Colonists are creating their own gov’t, religion economy apart from Britain

The colonists didn’t help enough with the war effort

Taxed the colonists for the war effort But wait a minute- they were supposed to foot the

bill!

Stop and Think!Stop and Think!

What was this impact of the British taxing the colonists for the war?

What was this impact of the British taxing the colonists for the war?

Colonial gains from the warColonial gains from the war

Self confidence The need for colonial unity No need for English protection from the French

b/c they’re gone They no longer see British as invincible

Self confidence The need for colonial unity No need for English protection from the French

b/c they’re gone They no longer see British as invincible

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

Native Americans feared that the growing number of British settlers crossing the Appalachian mountains would drive away the game they depended on

Spring 1763, Pontiac (Ottawa leader) rebels and captures 8 British forts

To avoid further conflict, British gov’t issued the Proclamation of 1763: banned all settlement west of the Appalachians. Hard to enforce

Native Americans feared that the growing number of British settlers crossing the Appalachian mountains would drive away the game they depended on

Spring 1763, Pontiac (Ottawa leader) rebels and captures 8 British forts

To avoid further conflict, British gov’t issued the Proclamation of 1763: banned all settlement west of the Appalachians. Hard to enforce

Happy Monday!Happy Monday!

Turn in your perspectives worksheet to the box on my desk

Look over your notes from last class we will have a short quiz

Turn in your perspectives worksheet to the box on my desk

Look over your notes from last class we will have a short quiz

Daily Quiz #1Daily Quiz #1

The French and Indian War was fought over which piece of land?

Which Native American tribe did the English Colonies ally with?

The English won the war at which battle in Canada?

Why did Franklin draw this image?

Where did The Proclamation of 1763 restrict colonist from settling?

The French and Indian War was fought over which piece of land?

Which Native American tribe did the English Colonies ally with?

The English won the war at which battle in Canada?

Why did Franklin draw this image?

Where did The Proclamation of 1763 restrict colonist from settling?

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Road to RevolutionRoad to Revolution

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

Event: British announced the land won during the French/ Indian War (west of Appalachian Mountains) would be reserved for Native Americans- banned settlement of Colonists

Brit. Rationale: to prevent future wars with Natives

Colonial Rationale: thought the British intended to maintain a tighter control over the colonists

Event: British announced the land won during the French/ Indian War (west of Appalachian Mountains) would be reserved for Native Americans- banned settlement of Colonists

Brit. Rationale: to prevent future wars with Natives

Colonial Rationale: thought the British intended to maintain a tighter control over the colonists

Sugar Act- 1764Sugar Act- 1764

Event: Tax on sugar and molasses coffee and wines

British Rationale: it actually lowered price of molasses but prevent trade between New England and Middle Colonies with French, Dutch, and Spanish in the West Indies

Colonial Rationale: Upset because the British are stifling their trade.

Event: Tax on sugar and molasses coffee and wines

British Rationale: it actually lowered price of molasses but prevent trade between New England and Middle Colonies with French, Dutch, and Spanish in the West Indies

Colonial Rationale: Upset because the British are stifling their trade.

Quartering ActQuartering Act Event: required colonists to put British soldiers up

in their homes and had to provide fuel, candles, beer and transportation for the soldiers

British Rationale: troops can stay in the colonies to keep an eye on the Native Americans and colonists who were starting to discuss the idea of freedom

Colonial Rationale: believed the Soldiers were sent to America not to protect them but to control them. Thought the British should have asked first.

Event: required colonists to put British soldiers up in their homes and had to provide fuel, candles, beer and transportation for the soldiers

British Rationale: troops can stay in the colonies to keep an eye on the Native Americans and colonists who were starting to discuss the idea of freedom

Colonial Rationale: believed the Soldiers were sent to America not to protect them but to control them. Thought the British should have asked first.

Stamp Act 1765Stamp Act 1765

Event: required the colonists to pay a tax on most printed materials (newspapers, pamphlets, marriage licenses, playing cards)

British Rationale: British were in debt after the French and Indian War and felt the colonists should help pay b/c the Brits were “defending” the colonists from the French

Colonial Rationale: felt that their freedom had been threatened b/c they had no say in making the law.- The Stamp Act Congress

Event: required the colonists to pay a tax on most printed materials (newspapers, pamphlets, marriage licenses, playing cards)

British Rationale: British were in debt after the French and Indian War and felt the colonists should help pay b/c the Brits were “defending” the colonists from the French

Colonial Rationale: felt that their freedom had been threatened b/c they had no say in making the law.- The Stamp Act Congress

Declaratory ActsDeclaratory Acts

Event: Passed when Stamp Act was repealed Designed to affirm that Parliament’s authority was the same in America as in Britain- can pass laws in the colonies.

British Rationale: to maintain authority over the colonies

Colonial Rationale: “No taxation without representation”

Event: Passed when Stamp Act was repealed Designed to affirm that Parliament’s authority was the same in America as in Britain- can pass laws in the colonies.

British Rationale: to maintain authority over the colonies

Colonial Rationale: “No taxation without representation”

Townshend Acts of 1767Townshend Acts of 1767

Event: Charles Townshend (Brit. Prime Minister) imposed a tax on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea-collected at sea ports

British Rationale: get money from the colonies without them noticing they were paying taxes

Colonial Rationale: thought the acts were threats to their natural rights and freedoms

Event: Charles Townshend (Brit. Prime Minister) imposed a tax on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea-collected at sea ports

British Rationale: get money from the colonies without them noticing they were paying taxes

Colonial Rationale: thought the acts were threats to their natural rights and freedoms

Boston Massacre March 5, 1770Boston Massacre March 5, 1770

Event: Mob gathers around the Customs House and taunts the guards. Shots are fired, 5 colonists die including Crispus Attucks- former slave

British Rationale: with the increasing hostility in the colonies, British customs commissioners petitioned for protection

Colonial Rationale: Present the event as an attack on defenseless citizens- PROPAGANDA

Event: Mob gathers around the Customs House and taunts the guards. Shots are fired, 5 colonists die including Crispus Attucks- former slave

British Rationale: with the increasing hostility in the colonies, British customs commissioners petitioned for protection

Colonial Rationale: Present the event as an attack on defenseless citizens- PROPAGANDA

Tea Act and Boston Tea Party 1773Tea Act and Boston Tea Party 1773 Event: Tea act passed in 1773 forcing colonists to only

buy tea from the British East India Company (Tea Act). British Rationale: British East India Company had a

monopoly but was hit hard by boycotts and almost bankrupt

Colonial Response: Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and raided 3 British Ships in the Boston Harbor dumping 340 chests of tea into the harbor (Boston Tea Party)

Colonies Rationale: saw the tea act as an example of the British making a decision that concerned the colonists without consulting them

Event: Tea act passed in 1773 forcing colonists to only buy tea from the British East India Company (Tea Act).

British Rationale: British East India Company had a monopoly but was hit hard by boycotts and almost bankrupt

Colonial Response: Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and raided 3 British Ships in the Boston Harbor dumping 340 chests of tea into the harbor (Boston Tea Party)

Colonies Rationale: saw the tea act as an example of the British making a decision that concerned the colonists without consulting them

Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

Events: Direct response to the BTP. series of laws: make colonist pay for tea that was lost; closed port of Boston imposed martial law (rule imposed by military

force) British Rationale: King George III was

infuriated by the organized destruction of British property

Colonial Rationale: draw up a declaration of colonial rights

Events: Direct response to the BTP. series of laws: make colonist pay for tea that was lost; closed port of Boston imposed martial law (rule imposed by military

force) British Rationale: King George III was

infuriated by the organized destruction of British property

Colonial Rationale: draw up a declaration of colonial rights

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

Event: Representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies (no GA) met in Philadelphia and drew up the Declaration of Rights and a complete boycott of all trade with England

Colonial Rationale: present their complaints as a unified group

Event: Representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies (no GA) met in Philadelphia and drew up the Declaration of Rights and a complete boycott of all trade with England

Colonial Rationale: present their complaints as a unified group

Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord

Event: British troops marched from Boston to Lexington and Concord to take stores of colonial gunpowder, and guns and to capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock; met colonial minutemen (soldiers) and first shots were fired

British Rationale: to put down any rebel activity

Colonial Rationale: to spread the ideas of independence, draft a new appeal to the King, and select George Washington to head the army of minutemen

Event: British troops marched from Boston to Lexington and Concord to take stores of colonial gunpowder, and guns and to capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock; met colonial minutemen (soldiers) and first shots were fired

British Rationale: to put down any rebel activity

Colonial Rationale: to spread the ideas of independence, draft a new appeal to the King, and select George Washington to head the army of minutemen

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6ikO6LMxF4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

PeoplePeople

Patrick Henry: Governor of VA, strong supporter of Revolution “Give me liberty or give me death!”- to get support for revolution

Sam Adams: Founded the Sons of Liberty, a secret resistance group consisting of shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers

John Adams: came up with a plan at the 2nd Continental Congress that each colony set up its own gov’t and that Congress declare the colonies Independent

Patrick Henry: Governor of VA, strong supporter of Revolution “Give me liberty or give me death!”- to get support for revolution

Sam Adams: Founded the Sons of Liberty, a secret resistance group consisting of shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers

John Adams: came up with a plan at the 2nd Continental Congress that each colony set up its own gov’t and that Congress declare the colonies Independent

PeoplePeople

Ben Franklin: American Enlightenment thinker, big supporter of Independence, one of the men appointed to negotiate a treaty after the war (Treaty of Paris 1783)

Thomas Paine: writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that circulated around the colonies attacking King George III and demanding indep.

Thomas Jefferson: Writer of the Dec. of Indep. which declared that all men had the right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

Ben Franklin: American Enlightenment thinker, big supporter of Independence, one of the men appointed to negotiate a treaty after the war (Treaty of Paris 1783)

Thomas Paine: writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that circulated around the colonies attacking King George III and demanding indep.

Thomas Jefferson: Writer of the Dec. of Indep. which declared that all men had the right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

Happy Thursday!Happy Thursday!

Take out your notes and start getting ready for the quiz

You will have time to work on your project today!!

Take out your notes and start getting ready for the quiz

You will have time to work on your project today!!

Daily Quiz #2Daily Quiz #2 Why did the British begin imposing taxes on

the Colonists? Which Act created a tax that was collected at

the sea ports? What was the name of the resistance group

that organized colonial boycotts and demonstrations?

What was the purpose of calling the incident at the Boston Customs House a “Massacre”?

Where was the “shot heard round the world” that started the American Revolution?

Why did the British begin imposing taxes on the Colonists?

Which Act created a tax that was collected at the sea ports?

What was the name of the resistance group that organized colonial boycotts and demonstrations?

What was the purpose of calling the incident at the Boston Customs House a “Massacre”?

Where was the “shot heard round the world” that started the American Revolution?

Happy Thursday!!Happy Thursday!!

Your projects are due NOW! Please email them to me if you haven’t already done so! hayley.christiansen@lcps.org

Take out you road to revolution chart and get ready for the quiz.

Your projects are due NOW! Please email them to me if you haven’t already done so! hayley.christiansen@lcps.org

Take out you road to revolution chart and get ready for the quiz.

We’re Breaking up…..We’re Breaking up…..

You are going to write a letter to an imaginary boy/girlfriend and break up with them.

Start your letter by explaining what is about to happen. (1 or 2 sentences)

Explain how you thought the relationship was going to be or tell how you think it should be (2 sentences)

Describe specific things you found wrong with the relationship or situation (3 things)

Describe how you tried to change the relationship or situation. (2 things)

Explain your final feelings and your final decision (1 or 2 sentences)

You are going to write a letter to an imaginary boy/girlfriend and break up with them.

Start your letter by explaining what is about to happen. (1 or 2 sentences)

Explain how you thought the relationship was going to be or tell how you think it should be (2 sentences)

Describe specific things you found wrong with the relationship or situation (3 things)

Describe how you tried to change the relationship or situation. (2 things)

Explain your final feelings and your final decision (1 or 2 sentences)

This is how you wrote your letter. The Declaration of Independence was essentially the American colonies breaking up with England.

This is how you wrote your letter. The Declaration of Independence was essentially the American colonies breaking up with England.

Preamble-You explained what was about to happen. (1 or 2 sentences)

Statement of Beliefs-You explained how you thought the relationship was going to be or how it should be (2 sentences)

List of Complaints-You describe specific things you found wrong with the relationship or situation (3 things)

Steps taken to address-You described how you tried to change the relationship or situation. (2 things)

Declaration-You explained your final feelings and your final decision (1 or 2 sentences)

Preamble-You explained what was about to happen. (1 or 2 sentences)

Statement of Beliefs-You explained how you thought the relationship was going to be or how it should be (2 sentences)

List of Complaints-You describe specific things you found wrong with the relationship or situation (3 things)

Steps taken to address-You described how you tried to change the relationship or situation. (2 things)

Declaration-You explained your final feelings and your final decision (1 or 2 sentences)

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

EnlightenmentEnlightenment

During the 1600s and 1700s Europe was experiencing a period known as the “Enlightenment” From it came new ideas about the rights of

people and their relationship to their ruler

During the 1600s and 1700s Europe was experiencing a period known as the “Enlightenment” From it came new ideas about the rights of

people and their relationship to their ruler

John LockeJohn Locke

Enlightenment thinker whose ideas influenced the American belief in self-government Wrote that all people are free, equal, and have

“natural rights” of life, liberty and property that rulers cannot take away

Power resides in the people “social contract” for a government to protect

their rights and in return the people promise to obey the laws and rules

“ordered liberty”

Enlightenment thinker whose ideas influenced the American belief in self-government Wrote that all people are free, equal, and have

“natural rights” of life, liberty and property that rulers cannot take away

Power resides in the people “social contract” for a government to protect

their rights and in return the people promise to obey the laws and rules

“ordered liberty”

Locke ContinuedLocke Continued

Government’s powers are limited to those that people have given to it

Whenever gov’t becomes a threat to the people’s natural rights, breaking the social contract, the people have the right to overthrow it

HIS THOUGHTS WERE RADICAL AND CHALLENGED THE PRACTICES OF DICTORIAL RULE (KINGS, EMPERORS, ETC.)

Government’s powers are limited to those that people have given to it

Whenever gov’t becomes a threat to the people’s natural rights, breaking the social contract, the people have the right to overthrow it

HIS THOUGHTS WERE RADICAL AND CHALLENGED THE PRACTICES OF DICTORIAL RULE (KINGS, EMPERORS, ETC.)

Stop and Think!!Stop and Think!!

How does Locke’s ideas challenge Monarchies like England?

How does Locke’s ideas challenge Monarchies like England?

Thomas Paine’s Common SenseThomas Paine’s Common Sense

English immigrant to America Wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense that

challenged the rule of the American colonies by the King of England

Said independence was America’s destiny Common Sense was read by many American

colonists during the mid-1700s and contributed to the growing idea of independence from England

English immigrant to America Wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense that

challenged the rule of the American colonies by the King of England

Said independence was America’s destiny Common Sense was read by many American

colonists during the mid-1700s and contributed to the growing idea of independence from England

Historical BackgroundHistorical Background April 1775- fighting begins at Lexington and Concord May 1775- 2nd Continental Congress meets in

Philadelphia Recognized the militiamen as the Continental Army

Named General George Washington as leader John Adams suggested each colony set up their own

gov’t and Congress declare the colonies independent Also authorized the printing of paper money to pay the

troops and organize a committee to deal with foreign nations

April 1775- fighting begins at Lexington and Concord May 1775- 2nd Continental Congress meets in

Philadelphia Recognized the militiamen as the Continental Army

Named General George Washington as leader John Adams suggested each colony set up their own

gov’t and Congress declare the colonies independent Also authorized the printing of paper money to pay the

troops and organize a committee to deal with foreign nations

Historical Background cont.Historical Background cont.

June 17, 1775,Battle of Bunker Hill- altercation between the British and Continental Army Deadliest battle of the war (450 minutemen and

over 1,000 redcoats) Olive Branch Petition- sent by colonists to King

George III urging him to return peace between the British and colonies

Britain rejected the petition and stated that the colonists were in rebellion and ordered a Naval blockade of the American coast

June 17, 1775,Battle of Bunker Hill- altercation between the British and Continental Army Deadliest battle of the war (450 minutemen and

over 1,000 redcoats) Olive Branch Petition- sent by colonists to King

George III urging him to return peace between the British and colonies

Britain rejected the petition and stated that the colonists were in rebellion and ordered a Naval blockade of the American coast

Historical background cont. Historical background cont.

January 1776- Common Sense published May 1776- Each colony begins to declare its

independence from England and writing their own constitution

June 1776- appointed a committee to prepare a formal declaration explaining the reasons for the colonies declaring independence

January 1776- Common Sense published May 1776- Each colony begins to declare its

independence from England and writing their own constitution

June 1776- appointed a committee to prepare a formal declaration explaining the reasons for the colonies declaring independence

Declaration of Independence Background InfoDeclaration of Independence Background Info

Written by Thomas Jefferson- broad knowledge and skillful writing

Drew on the concepts of Locke’s “natural rights” and described these rights as “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” Government’s power comes from the people and

they had the right to alter or abolish any government that threatens these rights

Written by Thomas Jefferson- broad knowledge and skillful writing

Drew on the concepts of Locke’s “natural rights” and described these rights as “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” Government’s power comes from the people and

they had the right to alter or abolish any government that threatens these rights

Stop and Think!!Stop and Think!!

Why do you think Thomas Jefferson changed the natural rights from “life, liberty, and property” as expressed by John Locke, to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”?

Why do you think Thomas Jefferson changed the natural rights from “life, liberty, and property” as expressed by John Locke, to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”?

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence is essentially a list of the numerous ways in which the British king had violated these “unalienable rights”

It states that all men are created equally not women, Native Americans and African-

American slaves July 2, 1776- unanimous vote that the colonies

are free July 4, 1776- officially adopted the Declaration

of Independence

The Declaration of Independence is essentially a list of the numerous ways in which the British king had violated these “unalienable rights”

It states that all men are created equally not women, Native Americans and African-

American slaves July 2, 1776- unanimous vote that the colonies

are free July 4, 1776- officially adopted the Declaration

of Independence

Happy Tuesday!Happy Tuesday!

Take out your notes and look them over for the daily quiz!!!

Take out your notes and look them over for the daily quiz!!!

Daily Quiz #4Daily Quiz #4

1. How did John Locke describe people’s “natural rights”

2. How did Jefferson describe people’s “natural rights”

3. Who wrote the pamphlet “Common Sense”

4. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

5. When was the Declaration of Independence signed? (month, day, year)

1. How did John Locke describe people’s “natural rights”

2. How did Jefferson describe people’s “natural rights”

3. Who wrote the pamphlet “Common Sense”

4. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

5. When was the Declaration of Independence signed? (month, day, year)

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

Americans Declare their Independence (review)Americans Declare their Independence (review) July 4, 1776- Declaration of Independence

adopted Founded on the principles drawn from John

Locke “Unalienable rights” of “life, liberty, and the

pursuit of Happiness” social contract theory- if government fails to

protect these rights, people can alter or abolish government

July 4, 1776- Declaration of Independence adopted

Founded on the principles drawn from John Locke “Unalienable rights” of “life, liberty, and the

pursuit of Happiness” social contract theory- if government fails to

protect these rights, people can alter or abolish government

Americans Choose SidesAmericans Choose Sides

Patriots- supporters of colonial independence from Great Britain- 1/3 of Americans Unified by Common Sense and Declaration of

Independence Many northern African Americans sided with patriots

Loyalists (Tories)- those who opposed independence and remained loyal to Great Britain- 1/3 of Americans Most Native Americans sided with GB Many African American slaves in the south joined the

British for freedom 1/3 of Americans were neutral

Patriots- supporters of colonial independence from Great Britain- 1/3 of Americans Unified by Common Sense and Declaration of

Independence Many northern African Americans sided with patriots

Loyalists (Tories)- those who opposed independence and remained loyal to Great Britain- 1/3 of Americans Most Native Americans sided with GB Many African American slaves in the south joined the

British for freedom 1/3 of Americans were neutral

Continental ArmyContinental Army About 230,000 militiamen served but never at

one place or one time Regional loyalties, 3-12 month enlistment period,

Desertion to harvest crops Eventually gain support of France About 5,000 African Americans 2 Iroquois tribes Some women disguised as men or helped in

combat by loading weapons or carrying water Makeshift Navy

About 230,000 militiamen served but never at one place or one time Regional loyalties, 3-12 month enlistment period,

Desertion to harvest crops Eventually gain support of France About 5,000 African Americans 2 Iroquois tribes Some women disguised as men or helped in

combat by loading weapons or carrying water Makeshift Navy

British ArmyBritish Army

About 500,000 regulars but never at one place or time

German Mercenaries (hired soldiers) “Hessians” Many remained in America after the war

Loyalists: 50,000 Some slaves and 3 Iroquois tribes and most

other tribes Large Navy

About 500,000 regulars but never at one place or time

German Mercenaries (hired soldiers) “Hessians” Many remained in America after the war

Loyalists: 50,000 Some slaves and 3 Iroquois tribes and most

other tribes Large Navy

American AdvantagesAmerican Advantages

Outstanding leadership of George Washington Strong motivation- fighting to become free and

govern themselves Fighting on home ground- knew the territory Experienced officers Superiority of American Rifle (German-made)-

better range and accuracy Sharp shooters- frontier experience

Outstanding leadership of George Washington Strong motivation- fighting to become free and

govern themselves Fighting on home ground- knew the territory Experienced officers Superiority of American Rifle (German-made)-

better range and accuracy Sharp shooters- frontier experience

British AdvantagesBritish Advantages

Military power- strongest army and navy in the world

Superior numbers Indian support- Native Americans fearful of

losing more land Loyalist cooperation Hefty war chest- lots of money to hire soldiers Bright red uniforms- pride in appearance

Military power- strongest army and navy in the world

Superior numbers Indian support- Native Americans fearful of

losing more land Loyalist cooperation Hefty war chest- lots of money to hire soldiers Bright red uniforms- pride in appearance

American Disadvantages American Disadvantages

Inexperienced army and militia- most were farmers

Short enlistment Brand new Navy- few ships to defend

coastland Constant shortage of money, arms, food,

clothing, medicine Near bankrupt treasury Loyalist warfare -neighbor vs. neighbor

Inexperienced army and militia- most were farmers

Short enlistment Brand new Navy- few ships to defend

coastland Constant shortage of money, arms, food,

clothing, medicine Near bankrupt treasury Loyalist warfare -neighbor vs. neighbor

British DisadvantagesBritish Disadvantages

Weak motivations Unaggressive officers 3,000 miles from British home base-poor

communication 1,500 mile enemy coastline- hard to blockade Vast land- couldn’t hold territory Easy targets-bright red uniforms European aid to Americans- France

Weak motivations Unaggressive officers 3,000 miles from British home base-poor

communication 1,500 mile enemy coastline- hard to blockade Vast land- couldn’t hold territory Easy targets-bright red uniforms European aid to Americans- France

Goals, Strategies and TacticsGoals, Strategies and Tactics Goals (USA): Preserve the army, wear down

British until they give up Strategies (USA): Hit and Run! Avoid battles,

only victory that’s important is the last one! Tactics (USA): Guerrilla tactics learned from

Indians Goals (GB): Force Continental Army to

surrender and restore British control Strategies (GB): capture seaports, divide and

conquer Tactics: conventional 18th century warfare

Goals (USA): Preserve the army, wear down British until they give up

Strategies (USA): Hit and Run! Avoid battles, only victory that’s important is the last one!

Tactics (USA): Guerrilla tactics learned from Indians

Goals (GB): Force Continental Army to surrender and restore British control

Strategies (GB): capture seaports, divide and conquer

Tactics: conventional 18th century warfare

Important BattlesImportant Battles

Battle for New York (1776): British forces attack and capture NYC GW’s army forced to retreat across New Jersey

and into Pennsylvania Battle of Trenton (1776): GW’s army crosses

the Delaware River on Christmas night, surprised and captured a Hessian force

Battle for Philadelphia (1777): GW’s army defeated, resulting in British capture of Philadelphia

Battle for New York (1776): British forces attack and capture NYC GW’s army forced to retreat across New Jersey

and into Pennsylvania Battle of Trenton (1776): GW’s army crosses

the Delaware River on Christmas night, surprised and captured a Hessian force

Battle for Philadelphia (1777): GW’s army defeated, resulting in British capture of Philadelphia

Battles continuedBattles continued

Battle of Saratoga (1777): American Army under General Gates surrounded and defeated British army under General Burgoyne Significance: TURNING POINT OF THE WAR

France signed an alliance treaty with the Americans

Valley Forge (Winter 1777-1778): winter camp for GW’s army Americans suffered from exposure and

frostbite- very difficult conditions

Battle of Saratoga (1777): American Army under General Gates surrounded and defeated British army under General Burgoyne Significance: TURNING POINT OF THE WAR

France signed an alliance treaty with the Americans

Valley Forge (Winter 1777-1778): winter camp for GW’s army Americans suffered from exposure and

frostbite- very difficult conditions

Colonial Life During RevolutionColonial Life During Revolution

Economy: difficult to finance the war Borrowed A LOT of money from France US issued Continentals- paper money

Women: Took over farms and businesses for men at war Served as cooks and nurses for the army Some even served in the ranks -“Molly Pitcher”

African Americans- some served for USA some for GB

Economy: difficult to finance the war Borrowed A LOT of money from France US issued Continentals- paper money

Women: Took over farms and businesses for men at war Served as cooks and nurses for the army Some even served in the ranks -“Molly Pitcher”

African Americans- some served for USA some for GB

European Allies Shift the BalanceEuropean Allies Shift the Balance

Friedrich von Steuben- Prussian drillmaster who helped to train Washington’s army into more professional fighting force and Valley Forge

Marquis de Lafayette- Frenchman who joined GW’s army and served for the remainder of the war

Friedrich von Steuben- Prussian drillmaster who helped to train Washington’s army into more professional fighting force and Valley Forge

Marquis de Lafayette- Frenchman who joined GW’s army and served for the remainder of the war

British Move SouthBritish Move South

Their strategy changes- rally the loyalists support in the South and the gradually move back North

General Cornwallis- British commander in the South, successful at first, then forced to retreat to VA coast

Their strategy changes- rally the loyalists support in the South and the gradually move back North

General Cornwallis- British commander in the South, successful at first, then forced to retreat to VA coast

Battle of Yorktown (1781)Battle of Yorktown (1781)

Washington’s army, a French army, and the French navy surrounded Cornwallis’ army at Yorktown

Cornwallis surrendered to the Americans and French on October 17, 1781

Significance: ENDED FIGHTING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Washington’s army, a French army, and the French navy surrounded Cornwallis’ army at Yorktown

Cornwallis surrendered to the Americans and French on October 17, 1781

Significance: ENDED FIGHTING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Treaty of Paris (1783)Treaty of Paris (1783)

Officially ended the American Revolution Great Britain recognized independence of the

US US gained territory

West to the Mississippi River, north to Canada, south to Florida

Officially ended the American Revolution Great Britain recognized independence of the

US US gained territory

West to the Mississippi River, north to Canada, south to Florida

War as a Symbol of LibertyWar as a Symbol of Liberty

Egalitarianism- a belief in equality of all people Only adult white males

Women- no new political rights African Americans- most still enslaved in the

South, but Northern states did begin to abolish slavery

Native Americans- US settlers began moving west and taking tribal lands

Egalitarianism- a belief in equality of all people Only adult white males

Women- no new political rights African Americans- most still enslaved in the

South, but Northern states did begin to abolish slavery

Native Americans- US settlers began moving west and taking tribal lands