HCM 6th Edition: Paul Ryus, P.E. A Guide for Multimodal ...neite.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Workshop-slides-handouts.pdf · 2 National Research Since HCM 2010 NCFRP 41: truck

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HCM 6th Edition:A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis

December 4, 2017

Warwick, Rhode Island

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Instructors

Paul Ryus, P.E.

• Principal Engineer, Kittelson & Associates, Inc.

• Reston, VA / Svendborg, Denmark

Radu Nan, P.E.

• Senior Engineer, Kittelson & Associates, Inc.

• Boston, MA

Workshop Overview

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Introductions, need for the HCM 6th Edition

Travel time reliability analysis

Break

New freeway analysis methods, freeway case studies

Alternative intersection and interchange analysis

Lunch

Updated urban street analysis methods

HCM Volume 4

Break

Planning & Preliminary Engineering Applications Guide

Wrap‐up, discussion, additional questions, evaluation

Attendee Introductions

Name

Organization

Experience with/common uses of the HCM

Key questions for today

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A Brief History of the HCM

1950: focus on capacity

1965: LOS concept, bus transit chapter

1985: new research, pedestrians, bicycles• 1994 & 1997 updates

2000: new research, multiple parts

2010: new research, multimodal focus, four volumes

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The Need for New Research

Changes in driver behavior

Changes in vehicle fleet mix & capabilities

Increasing use of certain roadway features in the U.S.• Roundabouts, alternative intersections, managed lanes

Greater methodologicalsensitivity to factorsinfluencing roadwayperformance

Broader range ofperformance measures (e.g., reliability)

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National Research Since HCM 2010

NCFRP 41: truck analysis

NCHRP 03‐96: managed lanes

NCHRP 03‐100: roundabouts in corridors

NCHRP 03‐107: work zone capacity

NCHRP 03‐115: HCM production

NCHRP 07‐22: planning guide to HCM

SHRP 2 L08: travel time reliability

FHWA: ATDM, roundabouts,alternative intersections

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HCM 6th Edition: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis

Published inOctober 2016

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Highway Capacity Manual:A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis

Providing mobility for people and goods is transportation’s most essential function. It consists of four dimensions:

• Quantity of travel

• Quality of travel

• Accessibility

• Capacity

Users of the roadway system include motorists, freight shippers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and passengers in transit vehicles

• HCM methods address all these modes

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HCM 6th Edition

Previous HCM editions have had a year attached

Looking forward, it is likely that chapters will continue to be released or updated as new research is completed, rather than waiting for a critical mass to accumulate

• Two‐lane highway update

• Advances in ATDM

• Connected and autonomous vehicles

Each chapter has its own version number, allowing chapters to be updated independently

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Growth in HCM Content

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160432 512

1224 1188 1238

466

960

1950 1965 1985 2000 2010 HCM 6

Number of Pages

HCM 6: Not Much Different on the Outside…

Printed HCM

Volume 1:Concepts

Volume 2:Uninterrupted

Flow

Volume 3:Interrupted

Flow

Online

Volume 4:Applications

Guide

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3

...But Significant Changes on the Inside

New Chapters 11 and 17 on travel time reliability

Basic freeway segment and multilane highway methods combined

Many new and updated methods

• Managed lanes, work zones, alternative intersections and interchanges, urban street queue spillback, truck effects on freeway operations, and more

Greater focus on providing the information users need to apply HCM methods in software and to interpret analysis results

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The Need for Understanding Hasn’t Changed

Using software to implement HCM methods doesn’t diminish the analyst’s responsibility to understand how a method works and to interpret its results

Furthermore, a subset of HCM users still requires step‐by‐step instructions

• Researchers, software developers, students

Changes to how the HCM presentsinformation were required

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Presentation Changes in the HCM 2010

Significant changes were made in the HCM 2010

• Core information provided in printed chapters

• Supplemental, detailed information provided in online chapters

• New material on using the HCM in conjunction with alternative tools such as simulation

• Research basis for methods providedin Volume 4’s Technical Reference Library

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Presentation Changes in the HCM Sixth Edition

Additional changes have been made forthe Sixth Edition

• Standardized chapter outlines in Volumes 2 and 3

• Summary tables listing data requirements,potential data sources, suggested default values, and sensitivity of results to inputs

• Example results in many chapters

• Example problems moved toVolume 4 and expanded todemonstrate new methods

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Standardized Methodological Chapter Outline

Introduction

Concepts

Core Motorized Vehicle Methodology

Extensions to the Methodology*

Mode‐specific Methodologies*

Applications

*if provided

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Example Summary Data Table

Required Data and Units Potential Data Source(s) Suggested Default Value

Geometric Data Highway class (I, II, III) Determine from functional class, land

use, motorist expectation Must be provided

Lane width (ft) Road inventory, aerial photo 12 ft Shoulder width (ft) Road inventory, aerial photo 6 ft Access-point density (both sides) (access points/mi) Field data, aerial photo Class I and II: 8/mi

Class III: 16/mi Terrain type (level, rolling, specific grade) Design plans, analyst judgment Must be provided

Percent no-passing zonea (%) Road inventory, aerial photo Level: 20% Rolling: 40% More extreme: 80%

Free-flow speed (mi/h) Direct speed measurements, estimate from design speed or speed limit

Base free-flow speed: Speed limit + 10 mi/h (see discussion in text)

Passing lane length (mi) Field data, road inventory, aerial photo Must be provided Demand Data

Hourly demand volume (veh/h) Field data, modeling Must be provided Directional volume split (%) Field data, modeling Must be provided Analysis period length (min) Set by analyst 15 min (0.25 h) Peak hour factorb (decimal) Field data 0.88 Heavy vehicle percentage (%) Field data 6%c

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4

Example Results

Many methodological chapters now provide example results

• Demonstrate sensitivity of results to important inputs

• Demonstrate potential range of results

• Intended to answer manyquestions about whethera given result makes sense

Not intended tosubstitute for anactual analysis

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Companion Documents

Highway Safety Manual

AASHTO Green Book

Transit Capacity andQuality of Service Manual

Manual on Uniform TrafficControl Devices

Traffic Analysis Toolbox

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TRAVEL TIME RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

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Why Measure Travel Time Reliability?

Traditional HCM analyses report average conditions during the analysis hour

Actual conditions may vary considerably from day to day—why?

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Demand variation/Special events

Severe weather Crashes/incidents Work zones


Traditional HCM performance measures may not fully capture what travelers experience and remember

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FHWA


As it becomes more impractical to add capacity, operations techniques are becoming more widely used

• Ramp metering, road patrols, variable speed limits, etc.

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FHWA

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Improvements in computing powerand automated data collection nowmake it feasible to measure andforecast reliability

Measuring reliability addresses theLOS F problem: Quantifying howtravelers perceive operations aftera facility breaks down

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Travel Time Distribution

A collection of travel timeobservations on a facility overan extended period of time(e.g., a month, a year)

Once a travel time distributionhas been developed, a varietyof useful performance measurescan be developed

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Time Day01 Day02 Day03 Day04 Day05 Day06

0:00 408 434 425 452 437 442

0:05 446 424 449 429 414 436

0:10 480 410 424 419 422 411

0:15 438 418 419 436 416 413

0:20 409 433 476 408 416 419

0:25 427 455 447 439 451 419

0:30 528 413 424 436 410 439

0:35 433 411 454 411 416 404

0:40 426 429 481 430 411 413

0:45 477 473 440 404 412 413

0:50 442 427 434 401 424 404

0:55 456 422 407 419 424 404

1:00 442 467 437 441 406 447

1:05 432 495 441 416 454 452

1:10 435 424 454 434 422 422

1:15 421 419 471 416 429 432

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Example Travel Time Distribution: All of February

Would you say this facility operates reliably?

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Example Travel Time Distribution:February Weekdays, 6‐9 a.m.

Same facility, shorter time period...Would you say it operates reliably?

Reliability Reporting Periods

The HCM uses the concept of reliability reporting periods to define the period of time that reliability performance measures are being reported for

Examples:

• All of February

• All weekday AM peak periods in the year

• All summer weekends and holidays

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Reliability Reporting Periods

Different reliability reporting periods have different uses

Examples:

• All of February or all of the year Determining the free‐flow speed (e.g., 5th‐percentile speed)

Freight movement reliability on a rural freeway

• All weekday AM peak periods in the year

Commute trip reliability

• All summer weekends and holidays Reliability on a recreational route during the time of greatest use

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Key Values from the Travel Time Distribution

Free‐flow TT (398 sec) = 5% TT from the all‐of‐February distributionTarget TT @ 45 mph (518 sec)

50th percentile TT (799 sec)Mean TT (807 sec)

80th percentile TT (1,016 sec)

95th percentile TT (1,420 sec)= Planning Time

Average of highest 5% of TTs (1,580 sec) = Misery Time

99th percentile TT(1,753 sec)

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Cumulative Travel Time Distribution

Reliability Performance Measure Examples

Travel time index (TTI)

• The ratio of actual travel time to the free‐flow travel time

• Example: TTI of 2 means that it took twice as long to travel the facility than under free‐flow conditions

• Often reported as a percentile 50th‐percentile TTI (50th percentile travel time/free‐flow time)

Mean TTI

80th‐percentile TTI (most sensitive to operations countermeasures)

95th‐percentile TTI (planning time index)

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Level of travel time reliability (LOTTR)

• New FHWA measure for performance reporting

• 80th‐percentile travel time / 50th‐percentile travel time

• Value >1.50 indicates unreliable operations

Reliability rating

• Measure defined by the HCM

• Percent of trips made at a specified TTI or less

• Value >1.33 (freeways), >2.50 (urban streets) indicates that the facility has broken down or will likely break down

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Buffer time

• Extra time to allow to arrive on time 95% of the time

• (95th‐percen le travel me) − (mean travel me)

On‐time percentage

• Percent of trips made at or above a specified speed

Percent trips failing

• Percent of trips made below a specified speed

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Vehicle hours of delay

• (Volume experiencing a particular travel time) ×(experienced travel me in hours − threshold travel me), summed over all travel times exceeding the threshold

• Threshold could be Free‐flow travel time

Travel time at the speed limit

Travel time at speed producing maximum throughput (capacity)

Travel time at a policy speed (e.g., 40 or 45 mph)

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Your Turn

Use the sorted travel times in the handout to determine the LOTTR for each 30‐min time period• Hint: There are 20 travel time values for each time period,one for each weekday, so each value represents 5%

For 8:00 a.m., also determine:• 95th percentile TTI

• Buffer time

• Reliability rating

• On‐time percentage based on 45 mph target (518 seconds)

When do you think would be the worst time to make a trip on this facility, and why?

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Analysis Results

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LOTTR = level of travel time reliabilityTT = travel time (seconds)TTI = travel time index (assumes the free‐flow travel time = 398 seconds)Buf Time = buffer time (seconds)RR = reliability ratingOTP = on‐time percentage (assumes a target 45‐mph speed = 518 seconds)

6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00

50% TT 421 466 660 861 923 922 788 585 466

80% TT 427 540 806 1055 1265 1327 1252 1021 837

LOTTR 1.01 1.16 1.22 1.23 1.37 1.44 1.59 1.75 1.80

95% TT 432 651 839 1170 1808 1617 1559 1081 875

95% TTI 1.09 1.64 2.11 2.94 4.54 4.06 3.92 2.72 2.20

Avg TT 438 509 673 918 1038 1043 933 696 586

Buf Time ‐6 142 166 252 770 574 627 385 289

RR 95% 75% 15% 0% 5% 5% 10% 35% 60%

OTP 95% 70% 15% 0% 0% 5% 10% 35% 60%

Analysis Results

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Reliability Forecasting in the HCM

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Reliability Forecasting in the HCM

New Chapter 11 (freeways), Chapter 17 (urban streets)

Core HCM facility method is applied repeatedly with adjusted demands, capacities, geometry, and free‐flow speeds to develop a travel time distribution

Incorporates demand variation, weather, incident, work zone, and special event effects

Process is automated in computational engines

• FREEVAL

• STREETVAL

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Reliability Forecasting in the HCM: Demand Variation

User inputs:

• All inputs normally required for a facility analysis (seed file)

• Reliability reporting period start/end times, days

• Demand patterns expressed as demand multipliers relative to the seed file demands Number of patterns determined by the user (e.g., by season, by

month, with or without day‐of‐week variations)

Can be developed from local data or can use national defaults

For each scenario (day) in the reliabilityreporting period, the method adjusts theseed file demand according to the pattern

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Reliability Forecasting in the HCM: Severe Weather

User inputs:

• Nearest metropolitan area to study location 10‐year weather data available for 103 metro areas specifying

frequency and duration by month of 10 types of severe weather

User can also provide a custom weather event distribution

Method specifies capacity and free‐flow speed reductions for each severe weather type

For each scenario (day) in the reliabilityreporting period, the method randomlyassigns the weather type and (if needed)a start time and duration

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Reliability Forecasting in the HCM: Incidents

User inputs:

• Incident frequency and duration by type Derived from complete crash/incident log data (ideal)

Facility‐specific crash rate and incident‐to‐crash ratio (next best)

HERS model AADT‐based crash rate and default ICR (also an option)

Method specifies capacity, free‐flow speed, and lane reductions for each incident type

The method randomly assigns incidents,along with severity, start time, duration,and location along the facility

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Reliability Forecasting in the HCM: Work Zones

User inputs:

• Scheduled work zone start/end times and days

• Capacity, free‐flow speed, demand, lane adjustments during work zone hours

Method substitutes work zone conditions for normal conditions during work zone hours

Non‐scheduled work zones (e.g., pothole filling)best treated as incidents

Special events input and modelledsimilarly to work zones

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ITRE

Reliability Forecasting in the HCM: ATDM

Advanced traffic demand management (ATDM) strategies are modeled with respect to their impact on

• Demand

• Capacity and lane use

• Free‐flow speed

• Incident frequency

• Incident duration

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Reliability Forecasting in the HCM: Calibration

Freeway methods can be calibrated with respect to

• Core freeway facility method

• Reliability

• ADTM

using user‐specified capacity, speed, and demand adjustment factors, along with a user‐specified jam density and queue discharge rate

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Travel Time Reliability in the HCM: Summary

The HCM 6th Edition defines a variety of useful performance measures for quantifying existing and forecasted travel time reliability

Travel time reliability analysis can be used to forecast the effects of ATDM strategies on operations

The HCM’s computational engines automate the reliability forecasting process

• Once a core facility analysis is set up, not much additional effort required to perform a reliability analysis

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9

BREAK

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Workshop Overview

50



Break



Lunch


HCM Volume 4

Break


Wrap‐up, discussion, additional questions

FREEWAY AND HIGHWAY ANALYSIS

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HCM 6th Edition: New Freeway Analysis Capabilities

Travel time reliability

Unified speed–flow equation

Work zone analysis

Managed lane analysis

New truck methodology

New planning method

ATDM effects

Calibration guidance

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HCM 6th Edition: Uninterrupted Flow Chapters

Chapter 10: Freeway Facilities

Chapter 11: Freeway Reliability Analysis

Chapter 12: Basic Freeway and Multilane Highway Segments

Chapter 13: Freeway Weaving Segments

Chapter 14: Freeway Merge and Diverge Segments

Chapter 15: Two‐Lane Highways

Chapter 25: Freeway Facilities: Supplemental

Chapter 26: Freeway and Highway Segments: Supplemental

Chapter 27: Freeway Weaving: Supplemental

Chapter 28: Freeway Merges and Diverges: Supplemental

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New Generic Speed–Flow Model

One equation represents the relationship between speed and flow, regardless of the free flow speed (FFS)

• No longer necessary to specify FFS in 5‐mph increments

• Facilitates reliability evaluation and model calibration through speed and capacity adjustment factors

• Facilitates application of the method in software

Speed–flow curve defined by

• Free‐flow speed

• Breakpoint

• Density at capacity

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10

Speed–Flow Model

Free‐flow speed

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Capacity and speed adjustment factors (CAF, SAF) used to reflect:• Managed lane operations• Work zone operations• Severe weather conditions• Effects of incidents• Truck influences• Driver populationcadj = c×CAFFFSadj = FFS ×SAF

Freeway Work Zone Analysis

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Work zones can reduce the freeway’s capacity, FFS, or both, which in turn affects the speed–flow relationship

HCM method calculates speed and capacity adjustment factors that are then used with thegeneric speed–flow curve

ITRE

Freeway Work Zone Analysis: Data Requirements

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Available lanes (with & without work zone)

Speed limit (with & without work zone)

Lighting conditions (day or night)

Barrier type (hard or soft)

Location (urban or rural)

Distance from edge of travel lane closest to work zone to barrier

Total ramp density

Lane Closure Severity Index (LCSI)

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Considers both the percentage reduction in the number of lanes and the absolute number of lanes closed = 1 / (Open Ratio number of open lanes)

Number of Total Lane(s)

Number of Open Lane(s)

Open Ratio LCSI

3 3 1.00 0.33 2 2 1.00 0.50 4 3 0.75 0.44 3 2 0.67 0.75 4 2 0.50 1.00 2 1 0.50 2.00 3 1 0.33 3.00 4 1 0.25 4.00

Use for shoulder closures, lane shifts, and crossovers with no lane reduction

Work Zone Queue Discharge Rate

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QDRwz = 15‐min queue discharge rate (pc/h/ln)

LCSI = lane closure severity index

fBr = barrier factor (hard = 0, drums/cones = 1)

fAT = area type (urban = 0, rural = 1)

fLAT = lateral distance from edge of travel lane to barrier (ft)

fDN = lighting (day = 0, night = 1)

2,093 154 194 179 9 59

Work Zone Capacity Adjustment Factor

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cwz = pre‐breakdown work zone capacity (pc/h/ln)

αwz = percentage drop in pre‐breakdown capacity under queuing conditions (default = 13.4)

100

100

11

Work Zone Free‐Flow Speed

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FFSwz = work zone free‐flow speed (mph)

fSr = speed ratio (ratio of non‐WZ speed limit toWZ speed limit)

SLwz = work zone speed limit (mph)

TRD = total ramp density (ramps/mi), counted 3 mi upstream and 3 mi downstream from WZ center

9.95 33.49 0.53 5.60 3.84 1.718.7

Your Turn

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Paving project on rural freeway

• Nighttime work

• 2 lanes reduced to 1

• 65‐mph speed limit reduced to 50 mph

• Plastic drums placed adjacent to lane stripe

• Diamond interchange 2 miles downstream from WZ center

• Free‐flow speed = 70 mph (pre‐construction)

• Base capacity = 2,400 pc/h/ln

What is the CAF and SAF for this work zone?

Work Zone Queue Discharge Rate & CAF

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2,093 154 194 179 9 59

2,093 154 2 194 1 179 1 9 0 59 1

1,353pc/h/ln

100

1001,353

100 13.4100 1,562pc/h/ln

1,5622,400

0.651



Open Ratio LCSI

3 3 1.00 0.33 2 2 1.00 0.50 4 3 0.75 0.44 3 2 0.67 0.75 4 2 0.50 1.00 2 1 0.50 2.00 3 1 0.33 3.00 4 1 0.25 4.00

Work Zone Free‐Flow Speed & SAF

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9.95 33.49 0.53 5.60 3.84 1.718.7

9.95 33.49 65/50 0.53 50 5.60 2 3.84 1 1.711 8.7 2/6

50.4mph

50.470

0.720

Speed–Flow Curve for the Work Zone

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Work Zone Analysis: Final Comments

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Example reflects a basic freeway segment

• Chapter 25 (Freeway Facilities: Supplemental) provides guidance for merge, diverge, crossover, and weaving segments

CAFs and SAFs can be combined

• For example, work zone on a steep upgrade, with heavy rain and unfamiliar drivers

Chapter 26 presents a method for two‐lane highway work zones with alternating traffic

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Managed Lanes

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Continuous access Buffer 1 Buffer 2 Barrier 1 Barrier 2

The HCM 6th Edition can be used to analyze fivetypes of managed lanes

• Continuous access

• Buffer (paint stripe) separation, 1 or 2 lanes

• Barrier separation, 1 or 2 lanes

Managed Lane Segment Types

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Basic ML segments

• Accounts for single‐lane operation

• Accounts for friction betweenmanaged and general‐purpose lanes(Continuous access, Buffer 1)

ML merge/diverge/weaving segments

• Direct entries/exits to managed lanes

ML access segments

• Access/egress from/to GP lanes

• Weaving to/from GP exits/entrances

Adjacent GP Lane Friction Effect

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Generic ML speed–flowrelationship

Speed–flow relationship for continuous access MLs

Managed Lane Capacities

Managed lane capacities (or maximum observed flows) for different separation types

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FFS Estimated Lane Capacities (pc/h/ln) by Basic Managed Lane Segment Type (mi/h) Continuous Access Buffer 1 Buffer 2 Barrier 1 Barrier 2

75 1,800 1,700 1,850 1,750 2,100 70 1,750 1,650 1,800 1,700 2,050 65 1,700 1,600 1,750 1,650 2,000 60 1,650 1,550 1,700 1,600 1,950 55 1,600 1,500 1,650 1,550 1,900

Why Analyze Freeways as Facilities?

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Freeway Facilities (Chapter 10)

New freeway work zone method

New managed lanes method

New research on truck effectson freeway operations

Guidance on evaluating ATDM strategies(effects on average day operations)

Improved guidance on segmenting freeways

Guidance on matching section data from external databases to HCM segments

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Freeway Facilities: Supplemental (Chapter 25)

Calibrating core methodology to existing conditions using CAFs & SAFs

Truck performance oncomposite grades

Planning‐level methodfor estimating freewayfacility performance

New example problemsthat demonstrate thenew freeway facilitycapabilities

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Freeway Reliability Analysis (Chapter 11)

New chapter presenting travel time reliabilityperformance measures and forecasting methods

Extension to method allows analysis of individual ATDM strategies and packages of strategies

Chapter 25 describes calibration procedure

Chapter 37 provides guidance on evaluating specific ATDM strategies

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FHWA

FHWA

FREEVAL Computational Engine

Available on online HCM Volume 4

• “Research grade” software

• User guide available

• Java‐based: runs on any operating system

Implements core freeway facility, reliability, and ATDM methods

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FREEVAL Screenshot

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Basic Freeway & Multilane Highway Segments (Ch. 12)

Merges previous individual chapters on basic freeway segments and multilane highways

Uses one unified speed–flow equation applicable to both freeway and multilane highway segments, but the forms of the curves are different

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Freeways Multilane Highways

Freeway and Multilane Highway Segments

Other changes include:

• Revised truck PCE tables

• Increased emphasis on calibration through capacity and speed adjustment factors (CAFs and SAFs)

• Driver population effects now handled by CAFs and SAFs

• For multilane highways: Density at capacity = 45 pc/mi/ln

Revised LOS E–F range to reflectrevised density

New speed–flow curvesfor 65 and 70 mi/h highways

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Freeway and Multilane Highway Segments

Chapter 26 providesadditional details:

• Truck performance onextended (long and/orsteep) grades

• New method for measuringcapacity in the field

• Updated example problems

Users guided to bicycle method in Chapter 15,Two‐Lane Highways, for evaluating bicycle operations on multilane highways

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Freeway Weaving (Chapter 13)

Covers traditional weaving sections, managed lane weaving sections, and cross‐weave effects in the general‐purpose lanes

Emphasis on the use of CAFs and SAFs for calibration

Chapter 27 provides new example problems demonstrating the new capabilities

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Freeway Merges and Diverges (Chapter 14)

Addresses merges and diverges in both general purpose lanes and managed lanes

New guidance on aggregating densities in segments with 3+ lanes

Emphasis on the use of CAFs and SAFs for calibration

Chapter 28 provides new example problems demonstrating the new capabilities

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FREEWAY CASE STUDIES

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Case Study Overview

1. Major freeway work zone• Queuing impacts

• Lane closure requirements

• Identifying diversion targets

2. Work zone lane closure sensitivity• Setting allowable work hours

• Queuing impacts

3. Ramp metering feasibility• Quantifying freeway congestion and whole‐year

reliability

• Evaluating the temporal operation of ramp metering

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Case Study 1: Major Freeway Work Zone—Raleigh, NC

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Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 561 68 67 69 70 68 70 68 66 70 58 70 70 70 63 56 70 25 14 25 25 25 25 23 25 24 19 11 20 54 11 18 47 42 33 33 33 26 26 26 26 70 70 70 64 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 66 75 68 752 67 66 69 70 67 69 67 66 69 56 70 70 70 62 49 23 6 12 25 28 20 16 8 15 13 13 9 27 12 8 19 46 41 32 53 25 13 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 66 75 68 753 67 66 68 70 67 69 66 66 69 54 69 56 25 18 6 4 3 6 9 8 8 8 5 12 11 11 9 18 10 8 19 46 29 21 16 16 12 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 66 75 68 754 67 66 69 70 68 70 68 65 70 56 70 4 2 3 3 3 3 5 9 9 8 8 5 11 10 9 7 12 8 7 17 15 11 17 16 17 12 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 63 70 70 70 62 65 72 66 75 68 755 67 66 69 70 68 70 68 65 70 48 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 8 7 7 7 5 11 9 10 5 14 9 8 21 6 11 16 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 66 75 68 756 67 66 68 70 68 69 67 66 69 8 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 8 7 7 8 5 10 9 8 5 11 7 7 10 6 10 17 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 73 66 75 68 757 67 66 69 70 68 69 41 13 5 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 4 8 6 6 6 4 7 5 5 4 7 5 5 7 5 9 16 15 15 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 65 72 65 75 68 758 69 66 70 70 62 25 5 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 3 6 4 4 7 5 10 16 15 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 63 69 69 69 61 63 69 66 75 67 759 70 66 39 7 4 5 5 5 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 4 3 6 4 4 8 5 10 17 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 65 75 68 75

10 70 66 16 7 4 7 7 8 5 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 6 6 6 6 4 7 6 6 5 8 5 5 9 5 10 17 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 63 67 75 64 75 68 7511 15 10 5 4 2 4 5 5 4 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 4 4 7 4 9 16 15 15 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 64 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 64 75 68 7512 8 7 6 6 3 6 6 7 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 7 5 10 16 15 15 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 73 65 75 68 7513 8 6 5 5 2 5 5 5 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 5 4 4 6 5 10 16 14 14 10 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 65 75 68 7514 7 6 5 5 2 5 5 6 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 4 6 5 5 9 7 13 17 16 16 10 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 65 70 70 70 63 67 75 65 75 69 7515 7 6 5 5 2 5 5 6 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 5 4 4 4 3 6 6 5 4 6 5 5 17 7 13 17 16 16 10 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 65 70 70 70 63 67 75 65 75 69 7516 6 6 5 4 2 5 5 5 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 5 5 5 5 3 6 6 5 4 6 5 5 29 14 15 16 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 65 70 70 70 63 67 75 66 75 68 75

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 561 63 66 66 68 63 68 62 65 67 55 69 70 69 62 52 69 12 14 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 19 11 20 54 12 18 47 41 54 45 29 15 25 25 25 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 70 70 62 66 74 66 75 68 752 60 66 64 67 61 67 59 65 65 52 67 54 28 23 10 7 4 12 25 29 21 17 8 15 13 13 9 27 12 8 19 40 20 19 17 16 12 25 25 25 70 70 70 64 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 66 75 68 753 59 65 63 67 60 66 59 65 65 50 29 5 5 6 4 4 4 6 10 9 8 8 6 12 12 12 9 18 8 7 10 5 8 16 16 16 12 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 63 69 69 70 62 65 72 66 75 68 754 61 65 65 68 63 68 62 64 68 16 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 6 12 10 9 9 6 11 8 7 4 7 5 5 7 5 10 17 16 17 12 25 25 25 70 69 69 65 70 63 69 69 69 61 64 69 67 75 67 755 61 65 65 68 63 68 42 20 9 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 5 3 7 6 6 4 8 5 5 8 5 9 16 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 63 69 69 70 62 65 73 66 75 68 756 55 47 29 17 8 11 6 5 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 3 6 4 4 6 5 9 16 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 63 69 69 70 61 64 71 66 75 68 757 7 6 5 4 2 5 5 5 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 8 16 15 15 11 25 25 25 70 69 69 65 70 63 69 69 69 61 63 69 65 75 68 758 6 5 5 4 2 4 5 5 4 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 5 4 3 5 4 8 16 15 15 11 25 25 25 70 68 68 65 69 62 67 67 66 59 60 63 66 75 67 749 9 7 6 6 3 6 7 7 6 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 5 4 4 5 4 9 17 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 69 69 65 70 63 69 69 70 62 65 72 65 75 68 75

10 13 9 8 8 4 8 8 9 6 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 5 5 5 3 6 5 5 4 7 5 5 6 4 9 17 15 15 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 64 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 63 75 68 7511 8 7 5 6 3 6 6 7 5 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 5 4 4 4 4 8 17 15 15 11 25 25 25 70 69 69 64 70 63 69 69 70 62 65 73 63 75 68 7512 10 8 6 7 3 7 7 8 5 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 8 16 15 15 11 25 25 25 70 69 69 64 70 63 69 69 69 61 64 71 65 75 68 7513 7 6 5 5 2 5 6 6 5 1 3 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 4 4 3 4 4 8 16 14 14 10 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 65 75 68 7514 7 6 5 5 2 6 6 7 5 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 4 5 11 16 15 15 10 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 66 75 68 7515 10 8 6 6 3 5 6 6 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 5 5 4 5 5 11 17 16 16 10 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 63 67 75 65 75 68 7516 5 5 4 4 2 4 5 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 5 4 4 3 5 5 4 5 5 12 16 16 16 11 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 66 75 68 75

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 561 63 66 66 68 63 68 62 65 67 55 69 70 69 62 52 69 50 70 70 70 66 63 69 60 65 64 68 50 66 69 47 68 64 64 69 67 70 64 69 69 65 65 65 63 69 61 65 65 67 60 63 68 66 75 67 752 60 66 64 67 61 67 59 65 65 52 67 70 66 61 51 65 49 68 68 68 60 63 66 59 61 64 65 48 65 69 49 68 64 64 69 67 70 63 68 68 58 61 61 64 66 59 61 61 63 57 59 62 66 75 67 753 59 65 63 67 60 66 59 65 65 50 66 69 65 60 49 64 50 67 68 68 59 63 65 57 58 63 64 47 66 69 46 68 63 63 67 66 69 63 67 50 53 56 56 63 62 58 57 57 58 53 53 54 66 74 66 734 61 65 65 68 63 68 62 64 68 53 69 58 69 62 52 69 52 70 70 70 68 63 70 62 68 64 69 50 66 69 48 68 64 65 70 67 70 64 69 70 68 65 65 64 68 61 65 65 68 64 62 66 66 75 67 755 61 65 65 68 63 68 62 64 67 53 69 70 69 62 52 69 52 70 70 70 65 63 69 60 64 64 68 50 66 69 49 68 64 64 69 67 70 64 69 69 65 62 62 64 65 59 61 61 64 58 59 61 66 75 67 756 59 65 63 68 61 67 60 65 65 52 68 57 69 62 52 68 49 68 68 68 60 63 67 57 59 64 63 48 66 69 45 68 63 63 68 66 69 62 66 66 59 57 57 64 62 58 57 57 57 42 52 53 65 74 67 747 60 65 64 68 62 67 60 65 66 51 68 57 68 61 52 66 49 67 67 67 57 62 65 55 56 64 60 46 65 69 43 68 62 62 64 65 68 61 63 63 54 53 52 55 37 38 34 32 33 34 52 53 66 74 66 748 64 65 67 69 65 69 64 64 69 54 70 70 70 63 51 69 50 70 69 69 64 63 69 59 64 64 67 49 66 69 45 68 63 63 67 66 69 62 66 66 61 48 39 35 25 39 36 44 32 36 52 53 65 74 67 749 68 66 70 70 69 70 68 64 70 57 70 60 70 64 54 70 53 70 70 70 70 63 70 62 69 64 70 51 66 69 47 68 64 65 70 66 70 63 69 69 70 64 66 65 49 58 56 60 67 59 61 65 63 75 67 75

10 68 65 70 70 69 70 68 65 70 55 70 58 70 63 52 70 51 70 70 70 67 64 69 61 66 64 68 51 66 69 46 68 63 64 69 66 70 63 68 68 67 63 63 63 68 61 66 66 68 60 62 67 63 75 68 7511 62 65 67 69 64 68 63 63 69 55 70 59 70 62 51 70 51 70 70 70 66 64 69 58 62 64 66 50 66 69 44 68 63 63 67 66 69 62 66 66 62 54 54 63 61 57 57 57 59 54 54 55 64 75 67 7512 57 65 63 67 60 67 59 64 66 51 68 57 69 61 51 68 50 69 69 69 62 63 67 57 60 64 63 50 65 69 44 68 62 63 66 66 68 61 63 51 53 53 53 63 60 57 57 52 45 41 52 53 65 74 67 7413 68 66 70 70 69 70 69 65 70 58 70 61 70 63 57 70 56 70 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 65 70 56 66 69 54 69 65 65 70 67 70 65 69 70 70 69 69 64 70 63 67 70 70 65 65 72 64 75 68 7514 69 67 70 70 69 70 69 65 70 57 70 70 70 63 57 70 57 70 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 65 70 57 67 69 56 69 65 65 70 68 70 65 69 70 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 65 75 68 7515 69 67 70 70 69 70 69 66 70 56 70 70 70 63 57 70 57 70 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 65 70 55 67 69 56 69 65 65 70 68 70 65 69 70 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 66 75 68 7516 69 66 70 70 69 70 69 66 70 56 70 70 70 63 58 70 57 70 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 65 70 56 67 69 56 69 65 66 70 68 70 66 69 70 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 66 75 68 75

Scenario 1a: Work Zone with Two Lanes Open, No Diversion

Scenario 1b: Work Zone with Two Lanes Open, 20% Diversion

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I‐40 Eastbound, PM Peak: Two‐Lane PatternSpeed Contours for Trip from MP284–MP312

0: Pre‐Construction Work Zone Extent

Two Lanes Open

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 561 68 67 69 70 68 70 68 66 70 57 70 70 70 63 56 70 54 44 25 25 25 25 39 25 28 24 14 20 46 47 18 47 44 39 39 39 43 35 35 35 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 70 70 62 66 74 66 75 68 752 67 66 69 70 67 69 67 66 69 55 70 70 70 62 55 69 53 22 25 25 25 25 24 20 17 16 11 21 45 46 19 46 43 38 38 38 43 32 32 32 70 70 70 65 70 63 70 70 70 62 65 73 66 75 68 753 67 66 68 70 67 69 66 66 69 54 69 70 69 62 53 69 25 15 25 22 18 16 10 16 15 15 11 21 44 52 19 47 44 38 38 38 42 31 31 31 69 69 69 65 70 63 69 69 69 61 65 71 66 75 68 754 67 66 69 70 68 70 68 65 70 56 70 60 70 63 55 70 39 12 18 17 16 16 10 16 16 15 11 20 48 13 17 48 45 41 41 41 44 33 33 33 70 69 69 64 70 63 69 69 69 61 64 71 66 75 67 755 67 66 69 70 68 70 68 65 70 56 70 70 70 63 55 70 34 10 13 13 13 13 9 14 14 14 11 20 31 10 18 49 45 41 41 41 45 36 36 36 70 70 70 65 70 63 69 69 70 62 65 73 66 75 68 756 67 66 68 70 68 69 67 66 69 55 70 60 70 63 55 70 13 9 14 13 13 13 9 14 14 14 11 21 20 10 18 48 44 38 38 38 43 27 27 27 70 69 69 65 70 63 69 69 69 61 64 71 66 75 68 757 67 66 69 70 68 69 67 66 69 54 70 60 70 63 48 19 6 8 13 13 13 13 9 14 14 14 11 24 11 10 18 48 42 34 34 34 41 25 25 25 70 68 68 65 69 63 68 68 68 60 63 68 66 75 68 758 69 66 70 70 69 70 69 65 70 56 70 70 70 63 25 6 6 8 13 12 12 12 9 14 13 13 11 17 10 9 17 48 41 34 34 34 41 25 25 25 70 67 67 65 69 62 67 67 66 59 61 64 66 75 67 759 70 66 70 70 70 70 70 65 70 59 70 62 70 64 52 14 9 12 24 20 19 21 10 16 13 12 9 13 9 8 15 50 43 38 38 38 43 25 25 25 70 69 69 65 70 63 69 69 70 62 65 72 65 75 68 75

10 70 66 70 70 70 70 70 66 70 57 70 60 70 63 56 70 10 10 16 14 12 13 8 11 11 11 8 20 10 8 17 50 46 40 40 40 46 25 25 25 70 70 70 64 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 63 75 68 7511 68 66 70 70 69 70 68 64 70 57 70 61 70 63 54 70 7 8 14 12 10 11 8 12 11 12 8 19 9 9 17 48 44 36 36 36 42 25 25 25 70 69 69 64 70 63 69 69 70 62 65 73 63 75 68 7512 66 66 68 70 67 69 67 65 69 54 70 59 70 63 36 10 6 7 13 11 10 10 7 12 10 11 7 15 9 9 18 48 41 34 34 34 41 25 25 25 70 69 69 64 70 63 69 69 69 61 64 71 65 75 68 7513 70 67 70 70 70 70 70 66 70 60 70 63 70 64 46 11 7 9 14 13 12 12 8 14 13 13 7 16 10 9 19 47 44 41 41 41 44 36 36 36 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 65 75 68 7514 70 67 70 70 70 70 70 66 70 59 70 70 70 64 59 64 6 8 12 12 12 12 8 13 13 13 7 17 10 9 19 46 44 42 42 42 47 43 43 43 70 70 70 65 70 65 70 70 70 63 67 75 65 75 69 7515 70 67 70 70 70 70 70 66 70 58 70 70 70 64 59 70 6 7 11 11 11 11 8 13 12 12 7 15 10 9 19 46 44 42 42 42 46 43 43 43 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 63 67 75 65 75 68 7516 70 67 70 70 70 70 70 67 70 58 70 70 70 64 60 70 7 8 13 12 12 12 8 14 13 12 7 16 10 9 19 47 45 44 44 44 47 44 44 44 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 67 75 66 75 68 75

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 561 63 66 66 68 63 68 62 65 67 55 69 70 69 62 52 69 51 23 25 25 25 25 39 25 28 24 14 20 46 47 18 47 43 36 36 36 41 29 29 29 70 69 69 64 70 62 69 69 70 61 65 72 66 75 67 752 60 66 64 67 61 67 59 65 65 52 67 70 66 61 51 61 14 15 25 25 25 25 28 20 17 16 11 21 45 46 19 46 42 35 35 35 41 25 25 25 70 69 69 64 70 63 68 68 69 61 64 71 66 75 68 753 59 65 63 67 60 66 59 65 65 50 66 68 47 35 15 12 8 15 27 23 20 18 10 15 15 15 11 21 44 46 19 46 43 34 34 34 40 25 25 25 69 67 67 64 69 62 67 67 68 60 63 68 66 75 67 754 61 65 65 68 63 68 62 64 68 53 69 57 30 20 11 8 8 9 14 14 14 14 9 15 15 15 10 20 54 14 17 48 44 38 38 38 43 25 25 25 69 66 66 64 69 61 66 66 67 59 61 65 66 75 67 755 61 65 65 68 63 68 62 64 67 53 69 25 9 10 7 7 7 8 16 15 15 15 9 15 15 15 11 20 47 10 18 49 44 38 38 38 44 25 25 25 70 68 68 64 69 62 67 67 69 61 64 70 66 75 67 756 59 65 63 68 61 67 60 65 65 52 35 5 5 7 6 6 6 8 15 15 15 15 9 16 15 15 11 21 24 10 18 48 42 34 34 34 40 25 25 25 70 67 67 65 69 62 67 67 68 60 62 67 66 75 67 757 60 65 64 68 62 67 60 65 66 31 5 5 6 8 5 5 6 7 14 14 14 14 9 15 15 15 11 25 11 10 18 48 40 27 27 27 32 26 26 26 70 67 67 64 68 62 66 66 67 59 60 64 65 75 67 758 64 65 67 69 65 69 64 64 69 15 4 4 5 6 4 5 6 8 14 14 14 14 9 14 14 14 11 18 10 9 17 48 39 27 27 53 18 25 25 25 70 64 64 64 67 60 63 63 62 56 54 56 66 74 66 749 68 66 70 70 69 70 68 64 70 14 5 5 7 8 6 7 7 10 16 15 15 16 9 14 13 12 8 14 9 8 15 50 41 32 32 53 19 25 25 25 70 67 67 64 69 62 67 67 69 61 64 69 65 75 67 75

10 68 65 70 70 69 70 68 65 70 23 7 8 10 14 9 8 9 9 19 16 15 17 8 14 13 14 7 20 10 8 17 50 44 35 35 35 43 31 31 31 70 69 69 64 70 63 69 69 70 62 66 74 63 75 68 7511 62 65 67 69 64 68 63 63 69 40 6 6 7 11 7 7 7 8 15 13 13 14 8 15 13 14 8 19 9 9 17 48 42 30 30 30 53 26 26 26 70 66 66 64 69 62 68 68 69 61 64 70 63 75 68 7512 57 65 63 67 60 67 59 64 65 17 5 5 6 8 6 6 6 7 13 13 12 13 8 14 13 14 7 15 9 9 18 48 38 28 28 28 32 25 25 25 70 67 67 64 69 62 67 67 68 60 63 67 65 75 68 7513 68 66 70 70 69 70 69 65 70 16 7 7 8 10 6 7 7 9 15 13 12 12 8 13 12 10 7 15 9 9 19 47 43 39 39 39 44 29 29 29 70 70 70 65 70 63 70 70 70 61 65 72 65 75 68 7514 69 67 70 70 69 70 69 65 25 15 5 4 6 7 5 6 6 8 12 11 11 12 8 13 10 9 7 22 11 9 19 46 43 40 40 40 46 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 65 75 68 7515 69 67 70 70 69 70 69 66 70 12 5 4 6 7 6 6 6 7 11 11 10 11 8 13 10 10 8 21 11 9 19 46 44 41 41 41 45 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 65 75 68 7516 69 66 70 70 69 70 69 66 66 9 5 5 6 7 5 6 6 8 13 12 12 13 8 14 11 10 8 18 10 8 19 47 45 44 44 44 46 25 25 25 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 73 66 75 68 75

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 561 63 66 66 68 63 68 62 65 67 55 69 70 69 62 52 69 50 70 70 70 66 63 69 60 65 64 68 50 66 69 47 68 64 64 69 67 70 64 69 69 65 65 65 63 69 61 65 65 67 60 63 68 66 75 67 752 60 66 64 67 61 67 59 65 65 52 67 70 66 61 51 65 49 68 68 68 60 63 66 59 61 64 65 48 65 69 49 68 64 64 69 67 70 63 68 68 58 61 61 64 66 59 61 61 63 57 59 62 66 75 67 753 59 65 63 67 60 66 59 65 65 50 66 69 65 60 49 64 50 67 68 68 59 63 65 57 58 63 64 47 66 69 46 68 63 63 67 66 69 63 67 50 53 56 56 63 62 58 57 57 58 53 53 54 66 74 66 734 61 65 65 68 63 68 62 64 68 53 69 58 69 62 52 69 52 70 70 70 68 63 70 62 68 64 69 50 66 69 48 68 64 65 70 67 70 64 69 70 68 65 65 64 68 61 65 65 68 64 62 66 66 75 67 755 61 65 65 68 63 68 62 64 67 53 69 70 69 62 52 69 52 70 70 70 65 63 69 60 64 64 68 50 66 69 49 68 64 64 69 67 70 64 69 69 65 62 62 64 65 59 61 61 64 58 59 61 66 75 67 756 59 65 63 68 61 67 60 65 65 52 68 57 69 62 52 68 49 68 68 68 60 63 67 57 59 64 63 48 66 69 45 68 63 63 68 66 69 62 66 66 59 57 57 64 62 58 57 57 57 42 52 53 65 74 67 747 60 65 64 68 62 67 60 65 66 51 68 57 68 61 52 66 49 67 67 67 57 62 65 55 56 64 60 46 65 69 43 68 62 62 64 65 68 61 63 63 54 53 52 55 37 38 34 32 33 34 52 53 66 74 66 748 64 65 67 69 65 69 64 64 69 54 70 70 70 63 51 69 50 70 69 69 64 63 69 59 64 64 67 49 66 69 45 68 63 63 67 66 69 62 66 66 61 48 39 35 25 39 36 44 32 36 52 53 65 74 67 749 68 66 70 70 69 70 68 64 70 57 70 60 70 64 54 70 53 70 70 70 70 63 70 62 69 64 70 51 66 69 47 68 64 65 70 66 70 63 69 69 70 64 66 65 49 58 56 60 67 59 61 65 63 75 67 75

10 68 65 70 70 69 70 68 65 70 55 70 58 70 63 52 70 51 70 70 70 67 64 69 61 66 64 68 51 66 69 46 68 63 64 69 66 70 63 68 68 67 63 63 63 68 61 66 66 68 60 62 67 63 75 68 7511 62 65 67 69 64 68 63 63 69 55 70 59 70 62 51 70 51 70 70 70 66 64 69 58 62 64 66 50 66 69 44 68 63 63 67 66 69 62 66 66 62 54 54 63 61 57 57 57 59 54 54 55 64 75 67 7512 57 65 63 67 60 67 59 64 66 51 68 57 69 61 51 68 50 69 69 69 62 63 67 57 60 64 63 50 65 69 44 68 62 63 66 66 68 61 63 51 53 53 53 63 60 57 57 52 45 41 52 53 65 74 67 7413 68 66 70 70 69 70 69 65 70 58 70 61 70 63 57 70 56 70 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 65 70 56 66 69 54 69 65 65 70 67 70 65 69 70 70 69 69 64 70 63 67 70 70 65 65 72 64 75 68 7514 69 67 70 70 69 70 69 65 70 57 70 70 70 63 57 70 57 70 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 65 70 57 67 69 56 69 65 65 70 68 70 65 69 70 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 65 75 68 7515 69 67 70 70 69 70 69 66 70 56 70 70 70 63 57 70 57 70 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 65 70 55 67 69 56 69 65 65 70 68 70 65 69 70 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 74 66 75 68 7516 69 66 70 70 69 70 69 66 70 56 70 70 70 63 58 70 57 70 70 70 70 64 70 63 70 65 70 56 67 69 56 69 65 66 70 68 70 66 69 70 70 70 70 65 70 64 70 70 70 62 66 75 66 75 68 75

Scenario 1a: Work Zone with Three Lanes Open, No Diversion

Scenario 1b: Work Zone with Three Lanes Open, 20% Diversion

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I‐40 Eastbound, PM Peak: Three‐Lane PatternSpeed Contours for Trip from MP284–MP312

0: Pre‐Construction Work Zone Extent

Three Lanes Open

No Diversion 20% Diversion

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

50%60%70%80%90%95%100%100%

Base

Travel Tim

e (min)

Reduce to Two Lanes Reduce to Three Lanes

10 mph line (165‐minute travel time)

20 mph line (82.5‐minute travel time)

Percent of Traffic Remaining on the Facility

40 mph line (41‐minute travel time)

Estimated Benefits of Traffic Diversion for Trip from MP284–MP312

87

Case Study 2: Lane Closure Schedules

88

3 to 2

5 to 2

- 56%

- 73%

Nighttime Lane Closure Schedule

Analysis Period Seg. 1

Seg. 2

Seg. 3

Seg. 4

Seg. 5

Seg. 6

Seg. 7

Seg. 8

Seg. 9

Seg. 1

0

Seg. 1

1

Seg. 1

2

Seg. 1

3

Seg. 1

4

Seg. 1

5

Seg. 1

6

Seg. 1

7

Seg. 1

8

Seg. 1

9

Seg. 2

0

Seg. 2

1

Seg. 2

2

Seg. 2

3

Seg. 2

4

Seg. 2

5

Seg. 2

6

Seg. 2

7

Seg. 2

8

Seg. 2

9

Seg. 3

0

Seg. 3

1

Seg. 3

2

Seg. 3

3

Seg. 3

4

#1 14:00 ‐ 14:15 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 70 70 70 69 70 65 69 69 70 65 65 70 69 70 63 62 61 62

#2 14:15 ‐ 14:30 69 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 60 60 60

#3 14:30 ‐ 14:45 69 65 65 69 63 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 57 60 57

#4 14:45 ‐ 15:00 69 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 64 70 68 70 62 55 59 55

#5 15:00 ‐ 15:15 68 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 38 58 53 58

#6 15:15 ‐ 15:30 67 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 21 58 48 58

#7 15:30 ‐ 15:45 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 13 58 43 58

#8 15:45 ‐ 16:00 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 69 68 70 8 58 39 58

#9 16:00 ‐ 16:15 65 65 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 57 33 14 7 58 35 58

#10 16:15 ‐ 16:30 64 64 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 46 27 20 17 20 14 12 7 58 32 58

#11 16:30 ‐ 16:45 64 64 65 66 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 48 33 19 11 9 11 10 11 13 21 15 15 7 58 29 58

#12 16:45 ‐ 17:00 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 55 32 23 11 8 9 8 9 10 13 12 13 15 21 15 15 7 58 27 58

#13 17:00 ‐ 17:15 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 69 37 28 12 9 9 8 7 7 11 9 9 10 13 12 13 15 22 15 15 7 58 25 58

#14 17:15 ‐ 17:30 66 65 65 67 62 61 61 66 52 16 10 7 11 10 10 12 10 9 10 14 10 11 11 16 12 11 15 22 15 15 7 58 24 58

#15 17:30 ‐ 17:45 67 65 65 69 54 54 44 44 21 12 13 9 12 10 11 12 8 7 7 10 10 9 10 15 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 24 58

#16 17:45 ‐ 18:00 68 65 65 68 45 35 20 20 12 9 11 8 12 9 11 12 11 11 8 11 10 10 11 14 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 25 58

#17 18:00 ‐ 18:15 69 65 65 68 49 43 20 20 14 10 12 9 12 10 10 10 7 8 8 14 11 10 11 15 12 12 15 22 16 15 7 58 26 58

#18 18:15 ‐ 18:30 70 65 65 69 63 63 51 51 18 9 10 7 11 11 10 11 9 8 8 12 10 11 12 16 13 14 16 21 17 15 7 58 27 58

#19 18:30 ‐ 18:45 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 16 11 9 12 11 13 13 11 9 8 14 11 11 11 15 13 15 16 22 16 15 7 58 29 58

#20 18:45 ‐ 19:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 56 41 39 46 15 11 11 11 10 9 13 12 10 12 16 14 13 17 22 16 15 7 58 32 58

#21 19:00 ‐ 19:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 58 37 23 12 10 9 15 12 11 11 16 15 16 13 21 16 16 7 58 37 58

#22 19:15 ‐ 19:30 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 65 70 66 70 63 31 24 19 13 12 17 14 13 14 22 17 16 7 58 43 58

#23 19:30 ‐ 19:45 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 65 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 43 30 26 21 25 16 16 7 58 51 58

#24 19:45 ‐ 20:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 37 28 7 58 65 58

#25 20:00 ‐ 20:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 18 58 70 58

#26 20:15 ‐ 20:30 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#27 20:30 ‐ 20:45 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#28 20:45 ‐ 21:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#29 21:00 ‐ 21:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#30 21:15 ‐ 21:30 70 65 65 69 65 64 64 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#31 21:30 ‐ 21:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

#32 21:45 ‐ 22:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

#33 22:00 ‐ 22:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

#34 22:15 ‐ 22:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 69 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#35 22:30 ‐ 22:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#36 22:45 ‐ 23:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#37 23:00 ‐ 23:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#38 23:15 ‐ 23:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#39 23:30 ‐ 23:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#40 23:45 ‐ 0:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#41 0:00 ‐ 0:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#42 0:15 ‐ 0:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#43 0:30 ‐ 0:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#44 0:45 ‐ 1:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#45 1:00 ‐ 1:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#46 1:15 ‐ 1:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#47 1:30 ‐ 1:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#48 1:45 ‐ 2:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#49 2:00 ‐ 2:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#50 2:15 ‐ 2:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#51 2:30 ‐ 2:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#52 2:45 ‐ 3:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#53 3:00 ‐ 3:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#54 3:15 ‐ 3:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#55 3:30 ‐ 3:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#56 3:45 ‐ 4:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#57 4:00 ‐ 4:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#58 4:15 ‐ 4:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#59 4:30 ‐ 4:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#60 4:45 ‐ 5:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#61 5:00 ‐ 5:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#62 5:15 ‐ 5:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#63 5:30 ‐ 5:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

Time2pm – 6am

Analysis Segment Seg 1 – Seg 34

89

Nighttime Lane Closure Schedule


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#1 14:00 ‐ 14:15 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 70 70 70 69 70 65 69 69 70 65 65 70 69 70 63 62 61 62

#2 14:15 ‐ 14:30 69 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 60 60 60

#3 14:30 ‐ 14:45 69 65 65 69 63 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 57 60 57

#4 14:45 ‐ 15:00 69 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 64 70 68 70 62 55 59 55

#5 15:00 ‐ 15:15 68 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 38 58 53 58

#6 15:15 ‐ 15:30 67 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 21 58 48 58

#7 15:30 ‐ 15:45 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 13 58 43 58

#8 15:45 ‐ 16:00 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 69 68 70 8 58 39 58

#9 16:00 ‐ 16:15 65 65 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 57 33 14 7 58 35 58

#10 16:15 ‐ 16:30 64 64 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 46 27 20 17 20 14 12 7 58 32 58

#11 16:30 ‐ 16:45 64 64 65 66 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 48 33 19 11 9 11 10 11 13 21 15 15 7 58 29 58

#12 16:45 ‐ 17:00 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 55 32 23 11 8 9 8 9 10 13 12 13 15 21 15 15 7 58 27 58

#13 17:00 ‐ 17:15 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 70 34 27 14 10 11 10 10 9 15 15 16 17 22 19 19 25 10 6 4 2 47 19 70

#14 17:15 ‐ 17:30 66 65 65 67 62 61 61 67 69 57 25 14 18 14 16 18 12 10 11 14 9 8 7 7 5 4 4 2 2 2 2 47 58 70

#15 17:30 ‐ 17:45 67 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 63 18 14 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 59 70

#16 17:45 ‐ 18:00 68 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 38 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 47 59 70

#17 18:00 ‐ 18:15 63 26 13 9 6 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 60 70

#18 18:15 ‐ 18:30 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 61 70

#19 18:30 ‐ 18:45 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 62 70

#20 18:45 ‐ 19:00 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 62 70

#21 19:00 ‐ 19:15 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 63 70

#22 19:15 ‐ 19:30 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 63 70

#23 19:30 ‐ 19:45 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 70

#24 19:45 ‐ 20:00 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 70

#25 20:00 ‐ 20:15 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 70

#26 20:15 ‐ 20:30 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 70

#27 20:30 ‐ 20:45 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 65 70

#28 20:45 ‐ 21:00 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 65 70

#29 21:00 ‐ 21:15 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 65 70

#30 21:15 ‐ 21:30 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 65 70

#31 21:30 ‐ 21:45 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 66 70

#32 21:45 ‐ 22:00 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 66 70

#33 22:00 ‐ 22:15 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 66 70

#34 22:15 ‐ 22:30 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 67 70

#35 22:30 ‐ 22:45 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 67 70

#36 22:45 ‐ 23:00 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 67 70

#37 23:00 ‐ 23:15 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 68 70

#38 23:15 ‐ 23:30 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 68 70

#39 23:30 ‐ 23:45 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 68 70

#40 23:45 ‐ 0:00 4 5 4 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 68 70

#41 0:00 ‐ 0:15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 6 7 58 69 60

#42 0:15 ‐ 0:30 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 9 10 19 18 14 7 58 69 60

#43 0:30 ‐ 0:45 4 5 5 6 6 7 4 4 4 3 6 4 7 5 7 8 6 6 6 10 10 11 12 17 16 17 17 21 16 14 7 58 69 60

#44 0:45 ‐ 1:00 5 10 10 11 10 9 8 8 8 7 10 7 10 9 18 18 15 11 10 17 13 12 12 18 16 17 18 22 16 14 7 58 69 60

#45 1:00 ‐ 1:15 21 31 25 34 39 56 53 53 47 17 25 13 20 13 16 18 11 10 10 17 18 14 14 20 17 17 19 23 16 12 7 58 69 60

#46 1:15 ‐ 1:30 41 70 70 70 70 70 64 64 52 18 23 13 26 16 19 17 13 12 11 18 13 13 14 17 16 17 18 22 16 11 7 58 69 60

#47 1:30 ‐ 1:45 54 65 70 70 65 65 53 53 25 26 29 15 22 16 19 19 13 11 10 16 13 11 12 18 16 15 14 21 16 14 7 58 69 60

#48 1:45 ‐ 2:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 66 24 21 21 13 14 21 18 19 20 27 18 13 7 58 69 60

#49 2:00 ‐ 2:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 38 12 63 69 64

#50 2:15 ‐ 2:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#51 2:30 ‐ 2:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#52 2:45 ‐ 3:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#53 3:00 ‐ 3:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#54 3:15 ‐ 3:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#55 3:30 ‐ 3:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#56 3:45 ‐ 4:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#57 4:00 ‐ 4:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#58 4:15 ‐ 4:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#59 4:30 ‐ 4:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#60 4:45 ‐ 5:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#61 5:00 ‐ 5:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#62 5:15 ‐ 5:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#63 5:30 ‐ 5:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#64 5:45 ‐ 6:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70


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#1 14:00 ‐ 14:15 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 70 70 70 69 70 65 69 69 70 65 65 70 69 70 63 62 61 62

#2 14:15 ‐ 14:30 69 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 60 60 60

#3 14:30 ‐ 14:45 69 65 65 69 63 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 57 60 57

#4 14:45 ‐ 15:00 69 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 64 70 68 70 62 55 59 55

#5 15:00 ‐ 15:15 68 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 38 58 53 58

#6 15:15 ‐ 15:30 67 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 21 58 48 58

#7 15:30 ‐ 15:45 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 13 58 43 58

#8 15:45 ‐ 16:00 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 69 68 70 8 58 39 58

#9 16:00 ‐ 16:15 65 65 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 57 33 14 7 58 35 58

#10 16:15 ‐ 16:30 64 64 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 46 27 20 17 20 14 12 7 58 32 58

#11 16:30 ‐ 16:45 64 64 65 66 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 48 33 19 11 9 11 10 11 13 21 15 15 7 58 29 58

#12 16:45 ‐ 17:00 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 55 32 23 11 8 9 8 9 10 13 12 13 15 21 15 15 7 58 27 58

#13 17:00 ‐ 17:15 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 69 37 28 12 9 9 8 7 7 11 9 9 10 13 12 13 15 22 15 15 7 58 25 58

#14 17:15 ‐ 17:30 66 65 65 67 62 61 61 66 52 16 10 7 11 10 10 12 10 9 10 14 10 11 11 16 12 11 15 22 15 15 7 58 24 58

#15 17:30 ‐ 17:45 67 65 65 69 54 54 44 44 21 12 13 9 12 10 11 12 8 7 7 10 10 9 10 15 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 24 58

#16 17:45 ‐ 18:00 68 65 65 68 45 35 20 20 12 9 11 8 12 9 11 12 11 11 8 11 10 10 11 14 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 25 58

#17 18:00 ‐ 18:15 69 65 65 68 49 43 20 20 13 10 12 9 12 11 11 14 9 10 10 23 23 18 22 29 23 19 24 9 6 4 2 47 26 70

#18 18:15 ‐ 18:30 70 65 65 69 63 63 59 59 36 24 31 16 21 15 16 16 15 11 10 13 7 7 7 6 5 4 4 2 2 2 2 47 61 70

#19 18:30 ‐ 18:45 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 64 70 59 43 11 5 5 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 62 70

#20 18:45 ‐ 19:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 64 66 10 5 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 62 70

#21 19:00 ‐ 19:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 5 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 63 70

#22 19:15 ‐ 19:30 70 65 65 69 64 64 28 28 8 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 63 70

#23 19:30 ‐ 19:45 70 65 60 23 8 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 70

#24 19:45 ‐ 20:00 38 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 70

#25 20:00 ‐ 20:15 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 70

#26 20:15 ‐ 20:30 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 70

#27 20:30 ‐ 20:45 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 65 70

#28 20:45 ‐ 21:00 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 65 70

#29 21:00 ‐ 21:15 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 65 70

#30 21:15 ‐ 21:30 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 65 70

#31 21:30 ‐ 21:45 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 66 70

#32 21:45 ‐ 22:00 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 66 70

#33 22:00 ‐ 22:15 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 66 70

#34 22:15 ‐ 22:30 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 67 70

#35 22:30 ‐ 22:45 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 67 70

#36 22:45 ‐ 23:00 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 67 70

#37 23:00 ‐ 23:15 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 68 70

#38 23:15 ‐ 23:30 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 68 70

#39 23:30 ‐ 23:45 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 68 70

#40 23:45 ‐ 0:00 10 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 68 70

#41 0:00 ‐ 0:15 70 60 9 6 6 5 3 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 69 70

#42 0:15 ‐ 0:30 70 65 65 69 65 69 6 6 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 69 70

#43 0:30 ‐ 0:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 45 5 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 69 70

#44 0:45 ‐ 1:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 32 5 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 69 70

#45 1:00 ‐ 1:15 70 65 65 69 65 61 6 6 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 6 7 58 69 60

#46 1:15 ‐ 1:30 70 65 65 69 65 56 56 66 69 70 70 70 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 19 18 15 7 58 69 60

#47 1:30 ‐ 1:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 15 7 10 8 7 7 9 9 10 11 16 16 17 15 22 16 16 7 58 69 60

#48 1:45 ‐ 2:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 65 65 17 14 14 24 22 17 20 27 18 14 7 58 69 60

#49 2:00 ‐ 2:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 13 67 69 67

#50 2:15 ‐ 2:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#51 2:30 ‐ 2:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#52 2:45 ‐ 3:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#53 3:00 ‐ 3:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#54 3:15 ‐ 3:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#55 3:30 ‐ 3:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#56 3:45 ‐ 4:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#57 4:00 ‐ 4:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#58 4:15 ‐ 4:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#59 4:30 ‐ 4:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#60 4:45 ‐ 5:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#61 5:00 ‐ 5:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#62 5:15 ‐ 5:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#63 5:30 ‐ 5:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#64 5:45 ‐ 6:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70


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#1 14:00 ‐ 14:15 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 70 70 70 69 70 65 69 69 70 65 65 70 69 70 63 62 61 62

#2 14:15 ‐ 14:30 69 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 60 60 60

#3 14:30 ‐ 14:45 69 65 65 69 63 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 57 60 57

#4 14:45 ‐ 15:00 69 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 64 70 68 70 62 55 59 55

#5 15:00 ‐ 15:15 68 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 38 58 53 58

#6 15:15 ‐ 15:30 67 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 21 58 48 58

#7 15:30 ‐ 15:45 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 13 58 43 58

#8 15:45 ‐ 16:00 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 69 68 70 8 58 39 58

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#14 17:15 ‐ 17:30 66 65 65 67 62 61 61 66 52 16 10 7 11 10 10 12 10 9 10 14 10 11 11 16 12 11 15 22 15 15 7 58 24 58

#15 17:30 ‐ 17:45 67 65 65 69 54 54 44 44 21 12 13 9 12 10 11 12 8 7 7 10 10 9 10 15 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 24 58

#16 17:45 ‐ 18:00 68 65 65 68 45 35 20 20 12 9 11 8 12 9 11 12 11 11 8 11 10 10 11 14 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 25 58

#17 18:00 ‐ 18:15 69 65 65 68 49 43 20 20 14 10 12 9 12 10 10 10 7 8 8 14 11 10 11 15 12 12 15 22 16 15 7 58 26 58

#18 18:15 ‐ 18:30 70 65 65 69 63 63 51 51 18 9 10 7 11 11 10 11 9 8 8 12 10 11 12 16 13 14 16 21 17 15 7 58 27 58

#19 18:30 ‐ 18:45 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 16 11 9 12 11 13 13 11 9 8 14 11 11 11 15 13 15 16 22 16 15 7 58 29 58

#20 18:45 ‐ 19:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 56 41 39 46 15 11 11 11 10 9 13 12 10 12 16 14 13 17 22 16 15 7 58 32 58

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#43 0:30 ‐ 0:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 68 7 3 2 2 2 2 2 47 69 70

#44 0:45 ‐ 1:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 62 6 2 2 2 2 47 69 70

#45 1:00 ‐ 1:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 44 3 2 2 2 47 69 70

#46 1:15 ‐ 1:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 7 2 2 2 47 69 70

#47 1:30 ‐ 1:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 44 4 2 2 47 69 70

#48 1:45 ‐ 2:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 68 7 2 47 69 70

#49 2:00 ‐ 2:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 67 12 64 69 65

#50 2:15 ‐ 2:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#51 2:30 ‐ 2:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#52 2:45 ‐ 3:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#53 3:00 ‐ 3:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#54 3:15 ‐ 3:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

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#56 3:45 ‐ 4:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#57 4:00 ‐ 4:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#58 4:15 ‐ 4:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#59 4:30 ‐ 4:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#60 4:45 ‐ 5:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#61 5:00 ‐ 5:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#62 5:15 ‐ 5:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

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#1 14:00 ‐ 14:15 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 70 70 70 69 70 65 69 69 70 65 65 70 69 70 63 62 61 62

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#17 18:00 ‐ 18:15 69 65 65 68 49 43 20 20 14 10 12 9 12 10 10 10 7 8 8 14 11 10 11 15 12 12 15 22 16 15 7 58 26 58

#18 18:15 ‐ 18:30 70 65 65 69 63 63 51 51 18 9 10 7 11 11 10 11 9 8 8 12 10 11 12 16 13 14 16 21 17 15 7 58 27 58

#19 18:30 ‐ 18:45 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 16 11 9 12 11 13 13 11 9 8 14 11 11 11 15 13 15 16 22 16 15 7 58 29 58

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#33 22:00 ‐ 22:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 7 2 2 2 47 66 70

#34 22:15 ‐ 22:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 69 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 9 2 2 2 47 67 70

#35 22:30 ‐ 22:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 14 2 2 2 47 67 70

#36 22:45 ‐ 23:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 45 3 2 2 47 67 70

#37 23:00 ‐ 23:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 8 2 2 47 68 70

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#41 0:00 ‐ 0:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 21 70 69 70

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#44 0:45 ‐ 1:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#45 1:00 ‐ 1:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#46 1:15 ‐ 1:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#47 1:30 ‐ 1:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

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#50 2:15 ‐ 2:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#51 2:30 ‐ 2:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#52 2:45 ‐ 3:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#53 3:00 ‐ 3:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#54 3:15 ‐ 3:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

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#59 4:30 ‐ 4:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#60 4:45 ‐ 5:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

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#8 15:45 ‐ 16:00 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 69 68 70 8 58 39 58

#9 16:00 ‐ 16:15 65 65 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 57 33 14 7 58 35 58

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#17 18:00 ‐ 18:15 69 65 65 68 49 43 20 20 14 10 12 9 12 10 10 10 7 8 8 14 11 10 11 15 12 12 15 22 16 15 7 58 26 58

#18 18:15 ‐ 18:30 70 65 65 69 63 63 51 51 18 9 10 7 11 11 10 11 9 8 8 12 10 11 12 16 13 14 16 21 17 15 7 58 27 58

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#47 1:30 ‐ 1:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#48 1:45 ‐ 2:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#49 2:00 ‐ 2:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#50 2:15 ‐ 2:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#51 2:30 ‐ 2:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#52 2:45 ‐ 3:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#53 3:00 ‐ 3:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#54 3:15 ‐ 3:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#55 3:30 ‐ 3:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#56 3:45 ‐ 4:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#57 4:00 ‐ 4:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#58 4:15 ‐ 4:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#59 4:30 ‐ 4:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#60 4:45 ‐ 5:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#61 5:00 ‐ 5:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#62 5:15 ‐ 5:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#63 5:30 ‐ 5:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#64 5:45 ‐ 6:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70


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#1 14:00 ‐ 14:15 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 70 70 70 69 70 65 69 69 70 65 65 70 69 70 63 62 61 62

#2 14:15 ‐ 14:30 69 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 60 60 60

#3 14:30 ‐ 14:45 69 65 65 69 63 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 57 60 57

#4 14:45 ‐ 15:00 69 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 64 70 68 70 62 55 59 55

#5 15:00 ‐ 15:15 68 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 38 58 53 58

#6 15:15 ‐ 15:30 67 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 21 58 48 58

#7 15:30 ‐ 15:45 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 13 58 43 58

#8 15:45 ‐ 16:00 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 69 68 70 8 58 39 58

#9 16:00 ‐ 16:15 65 65 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 57 33 14 7 58 35 58

#10 16:15 ‐ 16:30 64 64 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 46 27 20 17 20 14 12 7 58 32 58

#11 16:30 ‐ 16:45 64 64 65 66 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 48 33 19 11 9 11 10 11 13 21 15 15 7 58 29 58

#12 16:45 ‐ 17:00 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 55 32 23 11 8 9 8 9 10 13 12 13 15 21 15 15 7 58 27 58

#13 17:00 ‐ 17:15 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 69 37 28 12 9 9 8 7 7 11 9 9 10 13 12 13 15 22 15 15 7 58 25 58

#14 17:15 ‐ 17:30 66 65 65 67 62 61 61 66 52 16 10 7 11 10 10 12 10 9 10 14 10 11 11 16 12 11 15 22 15 15 7 58 24 58

#15 17:30 ‐ 17:45 67 65 65 69 54 54 44 44 21 12 13 9 12 10 11 12 8 7 7 10 10 9 10 15 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 24 58

#16 17:45 ‐ 18:00 68 65 65 68 45 35 20 20 12 9 11 8 12 9 11 12 11 11 8 11 10 10 11 14 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 25 58

#17 18:00 ‐ 18:15 69 65 65 68 49 43 20 20 14 10 12 9 12 10 10 10 7 8 8 14 11 10 11 15 12 12 15 22 16 15 7 58 26 58

#18 18:15 ‐ 18:30 70 65 65 69 63 63 51 51 18 9 10 7 11 11 10 11 9 8 8 12 10 11 12 16 13 14 16 21 17 15 7 58 27 58

#19 18:30 ‐ 18:45 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 16 11 9 12 11 13 13 11 9 8 14 11 11 11 15 13 15 16 22 16 15 7 58 29 58

#20 18:45 ‐ 19:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 56 41 39 46 15 11 11 11 10 9 13 12 10 12 16 14 13 17 22 16 15 7 58 32 58

#21 19:00 ‐ 19:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 58 37 23 12 10 9 15 12 11 11 16 15 16 13 21 16 16 7 58 37 58

#22 19:15 ‐ 19:30 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 65 70 66 70 63 31 24 19 13 12 17 14 13 14 22 17 16 7 58 43 58

#23 19:30 ‐ 19:45 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 65 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 43 30 26 21 25 16 16 7 58 51 58

#24 19:45 ‐ 20:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 37 28 7 58 65 58

#25 20:00 ‐ 20:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 18 58 70 58

#26 20:15 ‐ 20:30 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#27 20:30 ‐ 20:45 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#28 20:45 ‐ 21:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#29 21:00 ‐ 21:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#30 21:15 ‐ 21:30 70 65 65 69 65 64 64 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#31 21:30 ‐ 21:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

#32 21:45 ‐ 22:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

#33 22:00 ‐ 22:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 48 66 70

#34 22:15 ‐ 22:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 69 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 49 67 70

#35 22:30 ‐ 22:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 50 67 70

#36 22:45 ‐ 23:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 50 67 70

#37 23:00 ‐ 23:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 50 68 70

#38 23:15 ‐ 23:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 50 68 70

#39 23:30 ‐ 23:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 68 70

#40 23:45 ‐ 0:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 68 70

#41 0:00 ‐ 0:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 69 70

#42 0:15 ‐ 0:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 69 70

#43 0:30 ‐ 0:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 69 70

#44 0:45 ‐ 1:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 69 70

#45 1:00 ‐ 1:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 69 70

#46 1:15 ‐ 1:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 69 70

#47 1:30 ‐ 1:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 69 70

#48 1:45 ‐ 2:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 50 69 70

#49 2:00 ‐ 2:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#50 2:15 ‐ 2:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#51 2:30 ‐ 2:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#52 2:45 ‐ 3:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#53 3:00 ‐ 3:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#54 3:15 ‐ 3:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#55 3:30 ‐ 3:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#56 3:45 ‐ 4:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#57 4:00 ‐ 4:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#58 4:15 ‐ 4:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#59 4:30 ‐ 4:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#60 4:45 ‐ 5:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#61 5:00 ‐ 5:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#62 5:15 ‐ 5:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#63 5:30 ‐ 5:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#64 5:45 ‐ 6:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

Base case: no work zone 5 PM lane closure 6 PM lane closure 7 PM lane closure

8 PM lane closure 9 PM lane closure 10 PM lane closure


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#1 14:00 ‐ 14:15 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 70 70 70 69 70 65 69 69 70 65 65 70 69 70 63 62 61 62

#2 14:15 ‐ 14:30 69 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 63 70 63 69 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 60 60 60

#3 14:30 ‐ 14:45 69 65 65 69 63 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 65 70 68 70 63 57 60 57

#4 14:45 ‐ 15:00 69 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 63 70 63 68 63 70 65 69 70 70 68 70 65 69 68 70 65 64 70 68 70 62 55 59 55

#5 15:00 ‐ 15:15 68 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 38 58 53 58

#6 15:15 ‐ 15:30 67 65 65 69 62 62 62 68 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 21 58 48 58

#7 15:30 ‐ 15:45 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 62 70 62 68 62 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 70 68 70 13 58 43 58

#8 15:45 ‐ 16:00 66 65 65 68 62 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 69 68 70 8 58 39 58

#9 16:00 ‐ 16:15 65 65 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 68 70 64 64 57 33 14 7 58 35 58

#10 16:15 ‐ 16:30 64 64 65 67 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 70 68 70 64 69 46 27 20 17 20 14 12 7 58 32 58

#11 16:30 ‐ 16:45 64 64 65 66 61 61 61 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 70 64 69 70 48 33 19 11 9 11 10 11 13 21 15 15 7 58 29 58

#12 16:45 ‐ 17:00 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 70 61 68 61 55 32 23 11 8 9 8 9 10 13 12 13 15 21 15 15 7 58 27 58

#13 17:00 ‐ 17:15 64 64 65 66 61 60 60 67 69 61 69 37 28 12 9 9 8 7 7 11 9 9 10 13 12 13 15 22 15 15 7 58 25 58

#14 17:15 ‐ 17:30 66 65 65 67 62 61 61 66 52 16 10 7 11 10 10 12 10 9 10 14 10 11 11 16 12 11 15 22 15 15 7 58 24 58

#15 17:30 ‐ 17:45 67 65 65 69 54 54 44 44 21 12 13 9 12 10 11 12 8 7 7 10 10 9 10 15 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 24 58

#16 17:45 ‐ 18:00 68 65 65 68 45 35 20 20 12 9 11 8 12 9 11 12 11 11 8 11 10 10 11 14 12 13 15 21 16 15 7 58 25 58

#17 18:00 ‐ 18:15 69 65 65 68 49 43 20 20 14 10 12 9 12 10 10 10 7 8 8 14 11 10 11 15 12 12 15 22 16 15 7 58 26 58

#18 18:15 ‐ 18:30 70 65 65 69 63 63 51 51 18 9 10 7 11 11 10 11 9 8 8 12 10 11 12 16 13 14 16 21 17 15 7 58 27 58

#19 18:30 ‐ 18:45 70 65 65 69 63 63 63 68 69 16 11 9 12 11 13 13 11 9 8 14 11 11 11 15 13 15 16 22 16 15 7 58 29 58

#20 18:45 ‐ 19:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 56 41 39 46 15 11 11 11 10 9 13 12 10 12 16 14 13 17 22 16 15 7 58 32 58

#21 19:00 ‐ 19:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 58 37 23 12 10 9 15 12 11 11 16 15 16 13 21 16 16 7 58 37 58

#22 19:15 ‐ 19:30 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 65 70 66 70 63 31 24 19 13 12 17 14 13 14 22 17 16 7 58 43 58

#23 19:30 ‐ 19:45 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 65 70 65 69 65 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 43 30 26 21 25 16 16 7 58 51 58

#24 19:45 ‐ 20:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 37 28 7 58 65 58

#25 20:00 ‐ 20:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 18 58 70 58

#26 20:15 ‐ 20:30 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#27 20:30 ‐ 20:45 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#28 20:45 ‐ 21:00 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#29 21:00 ‐ 21:15 70 65 65 69 64 64 64 68 70 66 70 66 69 66 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#30 21:15 ‐ 21:30 70 65 65 69 65 64 64 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 66 70 65 70

#31 21:30 ‐ 21:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

#32 21:45 ‐ 22:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

#33 22:00 ‐ 22:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 67 70 67 69 67 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 67 70 66 70

#34 22:15 ‐ 22:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 69 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#35 22:30 ‐ 22:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#36 22:45 ‐ 23:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

#37 23:00 ‐ 23:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#38 23:15 ‐ 23:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#39 23:30 ‐ 23:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#40 23:45 ‐ 0:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#41 0:00 ‐ 0:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#42 0:15 ‐ 0:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#43 0:30 ‐ 0:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#44 0:45 ‐ 1:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#45 1:00 ‐ 1:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#46 1:15 ‐ 1:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#47 1:30 ‐ 1:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#48 1:45 ‐ 2:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#49 2:00 ‐ 2:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#50 2:15 ‐ 2:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#51 2:30 ‐ 2:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#52 2:45 ‐ 3:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#53 3:00 ‐ 3:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#54 3:15 ‐ 3:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#55 3:30 ‐ 3:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#56 3:45 ‐ 4:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#57 4:00 ‐ 4:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#58 4:15 ‐ 4:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#59 4:30 ‐ 4:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#60 4:45 ‐ 5:00 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 69 70

#61 5:00 ‐ 5:15 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 69 70 69 70 69 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 69 70 68 70

#62 5:15 ‐ 5:30 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 69 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 68 70

#63 5:30 ‐ 5:45 70 65 65 69 65 65 65 68 70 68 70 68 70 68 70 66 70 70 70 69 70 66 69 69 70 66 66 70 69 70 68 70 67 70

90

16

Case Study 3: Ramp Metering Feasibility

How does ramp metering affect the freeway congestion and whole‐year reliability?

How does the temporal operation of ramp metering impact congestion?

91

Impact on Representative Single‐day Operations(AM Peak)

Before

After

92

Whole‐Year Reliability Analysis

93

Impact of Temporal Operation of Ramp Meters on Reliability

94

Operating Hours 8:30am to 9:30am 8am to 10am 7am to 10am

Mean TTI 2.23 (2.40) 2.16 (2.40) 2.13 (2.40)

80th TTI 2.22 (2.30) 2.08 (2.30) 1.99 (2.30)

PTI (95th TTI) 4.38 (5.16) 4.27 (5.16) 4.42 (5.16)

Numbers in parentheses show performance without any ramp metering

8:30 – 9:30AM 8:00 – 10:00AM 7:00 – 10:00AM

ALTERNATIVE INTERSECTIONS AND INTERCHANGES

95

Gerogia DOT

Alternative Intersections and Interchanges (Chapter 23)

Alternative Intersections• Characterized by redirecting one or more movements to another at‐grade path to improve efficiency and/or safety

• Creates a system of interlinked, closely spaced intersections (“junctions”)

Interchanges• Characterized by grade‐separating (vertically) one or more movements

• Ramp terminal intersections (if present) can be closely spaced and interlinked

Intersections are operationally inter‐dependent and best analyzed as a single unit

7-9696

17

(Primary) Types of Alternative Intersections

Displaced Left‐Turn Intersection (DLT)• Continuous Flow Intersection (CFI) • Crossover Displaced Left‐Turn Intersection

Median U‐Turn Intersection (MUT)• Median U‐turn Crossover• Boulevard Turnaround• Michigan Left• ThrU‐Turn Intersection

Restricted Crossing U‐Turn (RCUT)• Superstreet Intersection• J‐turn Intersection• Synchronized Street Intersection

Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI)• Double Crossover Diamond (DCD)

7-9797

Origin–Destination Framework for Volumes

98

Unique Signal Control Attribute Demand Starvation

99

Lane Utilization Adjustments

100

Saturation Flow Rate Adjustments

101

Yield‐Controlled Movements

102

18

Chapter 23 Adjustments: Beyond Standard Intersection Analysis

103

New Capabilities in HCM 6th Edition

LOS framework

Ramp terminals

• Diverging diamond interchange (DDI) evaluation

Alternative intersections

• RCUT and MUT computational steps

• Displaced left turn (DLT) computational steps

104

New LOS Framework

New service measure: experienced travel time

• Sum of control delays at each node and extra distance travel time experienced by rerouted movements

105

New LOS Framework

New input data

• Extra travel distance relative to the centerline

• Travel speed for extra travel distance Default value estimated from speed limit

Extra travel distance for O4 to D3

106

LOS Measures and Thresholds

Service measure is extra travel time (ETT)

• ETT = control delay + extra distance travel time (EDTT)

Interchanges with signalized ramp terminals

• No change in LOS thresholds from HCM 2010= signalized intersection control delay thresholds ×1.5

Interchanges with roundabouts at ramp terminals

• No change from HCM 2010, slightly higher LOS thresholds than for isolated roundabouts

Alternative intersections

• Same LOS thresholds as signalized intersections

107

New LOS Framework

108

19

Diverging Diamond Interchanges

Saturation flow adjustment factor

• fDDI = 0.913

Lane utilization

Additional lost time

Yield‐controlled movements

109

Lane Utilization at DDIs

Significant differences in lane volumes

Equation provided to predict lane volumes

Five lane configurations addressed

110

Additional Lost Time due to Downstream Internal Queues

Back of downstream queue does not start moving until several seconds after start of green

If internal storage is filled and the upstream phase starts before the back of downstream queue is moving, then additional lost time is incurred by upstream phase

111

Additional Lost Time due to Clearance Lost Time (1)

Long clear time needed after throughphase before ramp can discharge safely

Modeled aslost time sinceoverlap cannotbe modeledusing signalizedintersectionmethod

112

Phase 6: WB thru green


Phase 7: WB thru clears ramp, EB thru green

113


Phase 8: EB thru & ramp green

114

20

Yield‐Controlled Movements at DDIs

Ramp left‐turn or right‐turn can beyield‐controlled

115

Capacity of Yield‐Controlled Movements at DDIs

Capacity dictated by three flow regimes

Equations provided for estimatingcapacity of each regime

Overall turn capacity is computed as probability‐weighted average of three regime capacities

116

RCUTs, MUTs: Additional Input Data

Volume of U‐turns on red ata signalized crossover

Median width at a signalizedU‐turn crossover

Distance from the U‐turn crossover to main junction

Free‐flow speed along major street

117

RCUT & MUT Analysis Differences

Weaving delay

• Estimated using freewayweaving methodology

U‐turn saturation flow rate adjustment factors

• Narrow median (< 35 ft): 0.80

• Typical median (35‐80 ft): 0.85

• Wide median (>80 ft): 0.95

U‐turn gap acceptance parameters

• Critical headway: 4.4 s

• Follow‐up headway: 2.6 s

118

Partial Displaced Left Turn (DLT) Intersections

Three signalized intersections areanalyzed using

• Urban Street Segments method and

• Signalized Intersections method

Supplemental Intersection 1

Supplemental Intersection 2

Main Intersection

119

DLT Analysis Differences

Guidance

• Signals are timed properly such thatdisplaced left‐turns have zero delaywhen turning onto cross street

Saturation flow rate adjustments

• Left turns at supplemental intersections

Recommend using right‐turn saturation flow rate adjustment factor when computing left‐turn saturation flow rate

Offset adjustment

• Guidance provided to compute signal offset needed to allow displaced lefts to proceed across the cross street without stopping

120

21

Full DLT Intersections

Five signalized intersections

Analysis approach

• Analyze as two DLT intersections DLT on N‐S street

DLT on E‐W street

• Aggregate the results

121

LUNCH

122

Workshop Overview

123



Break



Lunch


HCM Volume 4

Break


Wrap‐up, discussion, additional questions

URBAN STREET ANALYSIS

124

HCM 6th Edition: New Urban Street Analysis Capabilities

Travel time reliability

Work zone analysis

New truck methodology

Updated roundabout capacity values

Roundabout corridors

New planning methods

Alternative intersections and interchanges

125

Volume 3: Interrupted Flow Chapters

16. Urban Street Facilities

17. Urban Street Reliability and ATDM

18. Urban Street Segments

19. Signalized Intersections

20. Two‐Way Stop‐Controlled Intersections

21. All‐Way Stop‐Controlled Intersections

22. Roundabouts

23. Ramp Terminals and Alternative Intersections

24. Off‐Street Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities

Printed Chapters

126

22

Reliability = Facility operations aggregated temporally

Volume 3: Hierarchical View

127

17

16 Facility = Segment operations aggregated spatially

Segment = Operations of link plus boundary intersection

18

Signalized AWSC Roundabouts ICRT & Alt Ints

TWSC

21 22 2319 20

24 Off‐Street Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities

Urban Street Facilities (Chapter 16)

Service measure changes

• Measure changed to averagetravel speed (before: ATS as percent of free‐flow speed)

• LOS A/B threshold lowered toequivalent of 80% of FFS

New method for evaluatingqueue spillback

Pedestrian and bicycle LOSnow weighted by travel timeinstead of length

128

Urban Street Reliability and ATDM (Chapter 17)

New chapter

Reliability calculationprocess similar to thatused for freeways

• Repetitive application ofChapter 16 core methodwith varying inputs

New guidance on analyzing ATDM strategies

STREETVAL computational engine available onlinein HCM Volume 4

129

Urban Street Segments (Chapter 18): Key Changes (1)

Same service measure changes as for facilities

New method for evaluating segments with midsegment lane blockage

Improved procedure for predicting segment queue spillback time

New adjustment factor for parking activity that affects free‐flow speed estimation

130

N

1 2 3

Work zone


Procedure can now evaluate segments with roundabouts at one or both ends

Right‐turn‐on‐red vehicles incorporated into volume‐balancing method for flows into/out of a segment

Pedestrian and bicycleLOS scores now usetime‐based weighting

131


Pedestrian and bicycle link LOS thresholds changed for consistency with original research

LOSLink LOS Score

HCM 2010 HCM 6th Edition

A ≤2.00 ≤1.50

B >2.00–2.75 >1.50–2.50

C >2.75–3.50 >2.50–3.50

D >3.50–4.25 >3.50–4.50

E >4.25–5.00 >4.50–5.50

F >5.00 >5.50

132

23

Performance Measures: Urban Street Segments

133

ModeTravelSpeed

Perception Score

LOS Letter Other

stop rate,downstream int. v/c ratio

pedestrian space

segment wait–ride score

Green indicates measures used to determine level of service (LOS)

HCM Multimodal Philosophy

Allow trade‐offs in the use of the right‐of‐way by different modes to be evaluated

Mode Affected

Impacting Mode

Auto & HV volumesTurning patterns

Lane configurations

Minimum green timeTurn conflictsMid‐block xings

Turn conflictsPassing delay

Heavy vehicleBlocking delay: stops

Signal priority

Auto & HV volumesSignal cycle lengthDriver yieldingTurn conflicts

Traffic separation

Sidewalk crowdingCrosswalk crowding

Cross‐flows

Shared‐path conflictsBicyclist yielding

Heavy vehicleTransit stop queuesBus stop cross‐flowsVehicle yielding

Auto & HV volumesAuto & HV speedOn‐street parkingTurn conflicts

Traffic separation

Shared‐path conflictsMin. green timeTurn conflictsMid‐block xings

Bike volumesHeavy vehicle

Blocking delay: stopsTracks

Auto volumesSignal timing

Ped. env. qualityMinimum green time

Turn conflictsMid‐block xings

Bike environment quality

Bike volumesBus volumes

134

Roundabouts (Chapter 22)

Modified capacity equations

• Calibrated to recently collected data

• Predicted capacity tends to be higher

• Guidance provided on local calibration

Entry Lanes

Opposing Lanes

Capacity by HCM Version and Conflicting Volume, veh/h

HCM 2010 HCM 6th Edition

Vc = 0 vph Vc = 1,000 vph Vc = 0 vph Vc = 1,000 vph

1 2 1,130 561 1,420 607

Right 2 1,130 561 1,420 607

Left 2 1,130 534 1,350 538

1 1 1,130 416 1,380 498

R or L 1 1,130 416 1,420 572

135

Roundabout Segments

New to the HCM 6th Edition

Based largely on NCHRP Report 772: Evaluating the Performance of Corridors with Roundabouts

Incorporated into Chapter 18 urban street segment methodology

136

Roundabout Segment Methodology: Input Data

Data needed for urban street segment methodology also needed for roundabout segment evaluation

• Exception: signal data not needed

Required data

• Inscribed circle diameter

• Number of circulating lanes

• Average width of circulating lanes

• Control delay by lane atboundary roundabout

• Capacity by lane at boundary roundabout

137

Roundabout Segment Methodology: Influence Areas

Influence area measured from roundabout yield line to a point along the segment

Defined as distance over which the geometric features of the roundabout influence travel speed

Computed for upstream roundabout and downstream roundabout

RIA1 = Roundabout influence area for subsegment 1RIA2 = Roundabout influence area for subsegment 2

RIA1 RIA2 Direction of travel

138

24

Signalized Intersections (Chapter 19)

Combined saturation flow adjustment factor for heavy vehicles and grade

New saturation flow adjustment factors for intersection work zone presence, midsegment lane blockage, and downstream spillback

Delay of unsignalized turning movements can now be considered(user‐supplied input)

139

Signalized Intersections: Combined Truck & Grade Saturation Flow Rate Adjustment Factor

HCM 2010: solid lines

HCM 6th Edition: dashed lines

0% heavy vehicles

10%

25%

50%

140

Signalized Intersection Planning Method

Two‐part procedure

• First part (steps 1–5) produces estimate of “sufficiency” “Under”, “near”, or “over” capacity

• Optional second part (steps 6–9) generates performance measures Delay by lane group and intersection‐wide

LOS

Queues

Can be performed by hand; spreadsheet‐based computational engine available on HCM Volume 4

141

Signalized Intersection Planning Method: Applications

Conduct planning‐level (back‐of‐envelope) capacity analyses

Predict intersection’s critical v/c ratio

Assess lane geometry sufficiency

Quickly compare capacityimprovement alternatives

Estimate signal phasing and timing

Check for software results forreasonableness

Screen large number ofintersections for long‐range plan

Educate about traffic signaloperations fundamentals

General Information Site Information

Analyst Intersection

Agency or Company

Date Performed Jurisdiction

Analysis Time Period Analysis Year

Intersection Geometry

= Through

= Right

= Left

= Through + Right

= Left + Through

= Left + Right

= Left + Through + Right

Volume and Signal Input

LT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RTRequired Data

Volume (veh/h)Number of lanesLane use (exclusive or shared)

Optional Data1

Heavy vehicles (%)On-street parking presence (no, yes)Pedestrian activity (none, low, med., high, extreme)Left-turn operation and phase sequence2

Effective green time (s)3,4

Progression quality (good, random, poor)4

Peak hour factor Cycle length (s) Base saturation flow rate (pc/h/ln)

Notes

1. Optional input data (guidance is provided for estimating these data if they are not known).

3. Data required for Part I analysis if "protected-permitted operation—with left-turn phase" is present.4. Data required for Part II analysis.

2. Combinations addressed: (a) protected operation—with left-turn phase, (b) permitted operation—no left-turn ....phase, (c) protected operation—split phasing, (d) protected-permitted operation—with left-turn phase

Stre

et

Street

Show North

PLANNING-LEVEL ANALYSIS: INPUT WORKSHEET

SBNBWBEBRTTH

142

Signalized Intersection Planning Method: Limitations

Only applicable to motorized vehicles

Based on pre‐timed operations

Does not analyze all potential combinations ofleft‐turn operation

Does not account for upstream or downstream impedances and effects of short lanes

Does not directly consider the effects of grade,lane width, bus activity, bicycle conflicts, and other “fine tuning” aspects of the HCM operations method

143

Planning Method: Input Data

Required

• Volumes by turning movement

• Lane geometry

Also used, but can be defaulted

• Heavy vehicle %

• Peak hour factor

• Pedestrian activity (low, moderate, high, extreme)

• On‐street parking presence

Used for delay/LOS, but can be estimated or defaulted

• Cycle length, effective green time, progression quality

144

25

145

Evaluation Steps: Operational Sufficiency

1. Determine left‐turn phasing

2. Identify lane groups

3. Convert turning movements to the equivalent volume of through passenger cars

4. Identify critical lane groups and their volumes

5. Compute intersection volume‐to‐capacity (v/c) ratio

Step 1: Determine Left‐Turn Phasing

If the left‐turn phasing is already known, use it and proceed to Step 2• Planning method can use

Permitted left turns

Protected left turns

Split phasing

Protected–permitted left turns

If the roadway agency has policies specifying when certain types of left‐turn phasing should be used, follow them and proceed to Step 2

Otherwise, follow the general rules on the next slide• Will assume either permitted or protected LT operation

146

147

Step 1: Left‐Turn Phasing Guidance

Protected left‐turn phase (arrow)assumed if any of these occur:

• Left‐turn volume exceeds 240 veh/h

• (Left‐turn volume)×(opposing through volume)> 50,000 (one opposing through lane)> 90,000 (two opposing through lanes)> 110,000 (3+ opposing through lanes)

• Two or more left‐turn lanes provided

• Approach has an exclusive left‐turn lane andthe opposing approach meets any of the above criteria

Otherwise, permitted left‐turn phasing assumed

148

Your Turn: Left‐Turn Phasing

Approach

NB SB WB EB

Check 1 Left‐turn volume (veh/h)

Is the left‐turn volume > 240 veh/h?

Check 2 Opposing through volume (veh/h)

Left‐turn volume × opposing volume

Number of opposing through lanes

Threshold for Check 2

Is product > threshold?

Check 3 Left‐turn lanes

Is there more than 1 left‐turn lane?

Check 4 Is there an exclusive left‐turn lane?

Does the opposite approach meet Check 1, 2, or 3?

Result Protected left‐turn phase?

149

Left‐Turn Phasing Results

Approach

NB SB WB EB

Check 1 Left‐turn volume (veh/h) 83 283 89 261

Is the left‐turn volume > 240 veh/h? No Yes No Yes

Check 2 Opposing through volume (veh/h) 531 676 670 474

Left‐turn volume × opposing volume 44,073 191,308 59,630 123,714

Number of opposing through lanes 1 1 2 2

Threshold for Check 2 50,000 50,000 90,000 90,000

Is product > threshold? No Yes No Yes

Check 3 Left‐turn lanes 1 1 1 2

Is there more than 1 left‐turn lane? No No No Yes

Check 4 Is there an exclusive left‐turn lane? Yes Yes Yes Yes

Does the opposite approach meet Check 1, 2, or 3? Yes No Yes No

Result Protected left‐turn phase? Yes Yes Yes Yes

150

Step 2: Identify Lane Groups

Lane group: lane or set of lanes designated for separate analysis

If a traffic movement uses only an exclusive lane, it is analyzed as an exclusive lane group

If two or more traffic movementsshare a lane, all lanes which conveythose movements are analyzedas a mixed lane group

Check mixed lane groups to see ifa de facto turn lane exists

26

151

Your Turn: Identify Lane Groups

Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound L T R L T R L T R L T R Peak hour volume (veh/h)

Number of lanes

De facto exclusive lane?

Lane group type

152

Lane Group Results

Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound L T R L T R L T R L T R Peak hour volume (veh/h) 83 676 59 283 531 22 89 474 105 261 670 84

Number of lanes 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

De facto exclusive lane? No No

Lane group type Ex. Mixed Ex. Mixed Ex. Mixed Ex. Mixed

153

Step 3: Convert Turning Movements to Through PCEs

Mixed‐traffic volumes making each turning movement are converted to the equivalent number of through‐movement passenger cars

Six types of adjustment factors

• Heavy vehicles, EHV• Peak hour factor, EPHF• Turn impedence, ELT& ERT• Parking activity, Ep• Lane utilization, ELU• Other, user‐specified(uncommon) effects, Eother

154

Volume Adjustment Factors (1)

Heavy vehicles: Equation 31‐158

• Converts mixed‐traffic volume to passenger car equivalents (PCEs)

• 1 1

• Default EHV = 2, PHV = proportion heavy vehicles (decimal)

Peak hour factor: Equation 31‐159

• Adjusts hourly traffic volumeto reflect peak 15‐minuteconditions

•

155


Turn impedance factor

• Adjusts left‐ and right‐turning volumesto the equivalent number of through vehicles

• How many through vehicles could be served in the same time as one average turning vehicle? Permitted left turns: Exhibit 31‐33

Protected left turns: ELT = 1.05

Protected–permitted left turns:

– Equation 31-182, requires knowledgeof signal timing

Permitted right turns: Exhibit 31‐34

Protected right turns: ERT = 1.20

Through movements: ELT = ERT = 1.00

Opposing Through and Right‐Turn Volumes (veh/h) ELT

<200 1.10

200–599 2.00

600–799 3.00

800–999 4.00

≥1,000 5.00

Pedestrian Activity ERT

None or low 1.20

Medium 1.30

High 1.50

Very high 2.10

156


Parking factor: Exhibit 31‐35

• Parking activity near the intersection will sometimes delay traffic in the adjacent travel lane

• EP = 1.00 if the lane group has no adjacent parking (e.g., a left‐turn lane with another lane group to the right)

Parking Activity Number of Lanes in Lane Group Ep No parking lane All 1.00

Adjacent parking

1 1.20

2 1.10

3 1.05

27

157


Lane utilization factor: Exhibit 31‐36

• When a lane group has more than one lane,traffic typically is not evenly distributed across the lanes

• Factor increases volumes to reflect time required to serve traffic in the busiest lane

Lane Group Movements No. of Lanes in Lane Group ELU

Through or shared 1 2 ≥3

1.00 1.05 1.10

Exclusive LT 1 ≥2

1.00 1.03

Exclusive RT 1 ≥2

1.00 1.13

158


“Other effects” adjustment factor

• Optional

• Can be used to account for other situationsidentified in the HCM that affect traffic flow(e.g., mid‐segment lane blockage, queue spillback)

• Default = 1.00

159

Equivalent Through Passenger Car Flow Rate

Equivalent through PC flow rate for a movement (tpc/h) = movement volume × the adjustment factors

• ,

Divide the result by the number of lanes to get aper‐lane value (tpc/h/ln)

Your Turn: Through Passenger Car Flow Rates

No parking NB/SB, parking EB/WB

For all approaches:• PHF = 0.92

• 5% heavy vehicles

• “Medium” pedestrian activity

Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound L T R L T R L T R L T R Movement volume (veh/h)

Heavy vehicle adj., EHVadj

PHF adj., EPHF

Left turn impedance adj., ELT

Right turn impedance adj., ERT

Parking adj., Ep

Lane utilization adj., ELU

Other effects adj., Eother

Equivalent flow rate (tpc/h)

Number of lanes

Lane group type

Lane group flow rate (tpc/h)

Equivalent flow rate (tpc/h/ln)

160

161

Through Passenger Car Flow Rate Results

Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound L T R L T R L T R L T R Movement volume (veh/h) 83 676 59 283 531 22 89 474 105 261 670 84

Heavy vehicle adj., EHVadj 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05

PHF adj., EPHF 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09

Left turn impedance adj., ELT 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00

Right turn impedance adj., ERT 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.00 1.00 1.30

Parking adj., Ep 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.10 1.10

Lane utilization adj., ELU 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.05 1.05

Other effects adj., Eother 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Equivalent flow rate (tpc/h) 100 774 88 340 608 33 107 627 180 323 886 144

Number of lanes 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

Lane group type Ex. Mixed Ex. Mixed Ex. Mixed Ex. Mixed

Lane group flow rate (tpc/h) 100 862 340 641 107 807 323 1,030

Equivalent flow rate (tpc/h/ln) 100 862 340 641 107 404 162 515

162

Step 4: Calculate Critical Lane Group Volumes

Critical lane groups are the ones that require the most time to serve during the traffic signal cycle

They are the conflicting lane groups from opposing approaches that have the highest total demand, measured on a per‐lane basis

East–west and north–south approaches are assessed independently

The specific movements that form the critical lane groups depends on the signal phasing

28

163

Determining Critical Lane Group Volumes:Protected Left‐Turn Phasing

Add the LT flow rate on one approach to the through* lane group flow rate on the opposing approach

Do the same for the opposite approach

The higher of the two values is thecritical volume for that pair of approaches

404107

162515

566 tpc/h/ln

622 tpc/h/ln *Or the exclusive RT lane group flow rate, if higher

164

Determining Critical Lane Group Volumes:Other Types of Left‐Turn Phasing

Permitted phasing

• The highest lane group volume of any lane group on the pair of approaches is the critical volume

Split phasing

• The highest lane group volume on one approach plus the highest lane group volume on the opposite approach is the critical volume

Protected–permitted phasing

• See guidance in Chapter 31162515

404107

165

Critical Lane Group Volumes: Intersection Results

Critical E‐W lane groups are the EB LT and WB TH, with a total volume of 622 tpc/h/ln

Critical N‐S lane groups are the SB LT and NB TH,with a total volume of 1,202 tpc/h/ln

The sum of critical lane group volumes is1,824 tpc/h/ln

166

Step 5: Intersection Volume‐to‐Capacity Ratio

Use a default capacity value of 1,650 tpc/h/ln in the absence of local data

• This value will be refined in Step 6 if the analysis proceeds to estimate delay

Divide the critical intersection volume by 1,650 and compare to Exhibit 31‐37

Xc Description Capacity

Assessment

<0.85 All demand is able to be accommodated; delays are low to moderate. Under

0.85–0.98 Demand for critical lane groups near capacity and some movements require more than one cycle to clear the intersection; all demand is able to be processed at the end of the analysis period; delays are moderate to high.

Near

>0.98 Demand for critical movements is just able to be accommodated within a cycle but more oftentimes requires multiple cycles to clear the intersection; delays are high and queues are long.

Over

167

Volume‐to‐Capacity Ratio Results

For the example intersection, the v/c ratio is1,824 / 1,650 = 1.11

Conclusion: The intersection will likely operateover capacity

Next steps for an actual project:

• Option 1: Proceed to calculate delay

• Option 2: Repeat the planning‐level analysis with alternative lane configurations

• Option 3: Conduct an operations‐level analysis, using more site‐specific data to confirm the result and test alternatives

168

Evaluation Steps: Delay, LOS, and Queuing

6. Calculate capacity

a. Estimate cycle length (if not already known or estimated in previous steps)

b. Estimate effective green times (if not already known)

c. Calculate capacity and v/c ratio (by lane group and for the intersection)

7. Estimate delay

8. Determine LOS

9. Estimate queue lengths

• Optional step provided in HCM Planning Guide

29

HCM VOLUME 4

169 170

HCM Volume 4: Applications Guide

Available online athcmvolume4.org

Open to all, includingthose who don’t havea personal copy ofthe HCM

• Must sign up for afree user account toget access

Old hcm2010.org site is still available to support the HCM 2010

170

171

Methodological Details

This tab provides access to supplementalChapters 25–37

Chapters can be viewed online or printed out

171 172

Interpretations and Errata

Will be updated as needed in the future

Provides a link for submitting questions to the committee (but try the discussion forum first)

172

173

Technical Reference Library

Provides access to many of the research reports and papers referenced in the HCM

FREEVAL, STREETVAL computational engines

173 174

Applications Guides

Planning & Preliminary EngineeringApplications Guide to the HCM

• Guidance on back‐of‐the‐envelope analysismethods for planning applications

• Guidance on incorporating HCM methodsinto planning tools

HCM Applications Guidebook

• Examples of how the HCM can be appliedto a project as it evolves from concept todesign to implementation

174

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175

Other Volume 4 Sections and Features

Frequently asked questions

Discussion forum

• Ask other HCM users questions about applying the manual

• The Highway Capacity Committee monitors posts and responds as needed to questions specific to the manual

E‐mail notifications

• Errata and chapter updates (opt‐out)

• New Volume 4 material by chapter (opt‐in)

• New discussion forum posts (opt‐in)

175

BREAK

176

Workshop Overview

177



Break



Lunch


HCM Volume 4

Break


Wrap‐up, discussion, evaluation

PLANNING & PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS GUIDE TO THE HCM

178

179

Defining “Planning Analysis” in an HCM Context

Planning analyses are generally directed toward broad issues

• May include some combination of Large study areas

Distant horizon years

Limited data availability

Uncertainty about data accuracy (e.g., future volume forecasts)

Analysis result will not be used to make final decisions about project scope

180

Defining “Preliminary Engineering” in an HCM Context

Preliminary engineering analyses support moderately detailed issues

• May include some combination of Smaller study areas

Shorter‐term horizon years

Some, but not all, data needed for a full HCM (“operations”) analysis available

Higher degree of confidence in available data

Analysis will support planning decisions to advance specific projects or policies

31

181

HCM Operations and Design Analyses

Operations and design analyses apply the full analysis methods given in the HCM

• May include some combination of Smaller study areas

Existing conditions or near‐term horizon year

All data needed to apply an HCM method available

Highest degree of confidence in available data

• Analysis results used to Make final determinations about roadway geometry and

traffic control,

Support final project approval, and/or

Require mitigation actions

Examples of Planning & Preliminary Engineering Applications

Evaluating predicted or forecasted conditions for various roadway facility types

Applying HCM methods using combinations of actual data, default values, and/or simplifying assumptions

Providing generalized answers (e.g., “Is this sufficient?”) over broader areas & longer timeframes

Performing quick back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations

Prioritizing projects being considered for funding

Monitoring roadway performance

182

Video

183

Guide’s Relationship to the HCM: Similarities

Documents cross‐referenceeach other

Both documents presentmethods for estimating avariety of transportationperformance measures

Guide’s methods are derived from,and consistent with, HCM methods

• Simplified to reflect the amount and quality of data typically available for planning studies

184

Guide’s Relationship to the HCM: Differences

Guide is not intendedto replace the HCM

Guide’s methods should not beused to make final decisionsabout roadway design featuresand traffic control

Computational tools

• HCM: Specialized software

• Guide: Computations by hand, worksheets, spreadsheets

185 186

Levels of Roadway Operations Analysis

High level• Large analysis area

• Low detail

Medium level• Focus on a single roadwayfacility, segment, orintersection

• Greater detail

Low level• Highly focused and highly detailed

32

187

Relative Detail of HCM‐Based Analysis Methods

188

Focus of the Guide

Multi-facility

Single facility, point

189

Guide’s Relationship to the Project Life Cycle Example Use of the Guide Over the Project Life Cycle

Long‐rangeplanning

Alternatives analysis

Screen large number of locations to identify potential needs

Confirm needs,evaluate potential solutions

HCM operations analysis

Final decisions

Confirm results,fine‐tune identified solutions,

apply alternative tools if needed

190

Organization of the Guide

Guide is not intendedto be read cover‐to‐cover

Four parts

1. Overview

2. Medium‐level analysis

3. High‐level analysis

4. Case studies

Guide uses lettered sectionsA–V to contrast with numbered HCM chapters 1–37

191

Part 1: Overview

Navigation

A. Introduction

B. Medium‐Level (Facility‐Specific) Analyses

C. High‐Level Analyses

Cross‐cutting Material

D. Working with Traffic Demand Data

E. Predicting Intersection Traffic Control

F. Default Values

G. Service Volume Tables

192

33

193

Part 2: Medium‐Level Analysis

HCM System Elements

H. Freeways

I. Multilane Highways

J. Two‐Lane Highways

K. Urban Streets

L. Signalized Intersections

M. Stop‐Controlled Intersections

N. Roundabouts

HCM Non‐auto Modes

O. Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Public Transit

P. Truck Level of Service

194

Relative Detail of Part 2 Analysis Methods

Screening and scoping method

Simplified HCM method

Reliability, MMLOS, truck

HCM application with default values

Full HCM (operations) method

195

Part 3: High‐Level Analysis

Q. Corridor Quick Estimation Screenline Analysis

R. Areas and Systems

S. Roadway System Monitoring

Screenline analysis (Q)

Roadway link speed estimation (R)

Roadway link capacity estimation (R)

Performance measures from system monitoring data (S)

System monitoring data collection & archiving (S)

196

Part 4: Case Studies

T. Freeway Master Plan

U. Arterial Bus Rapid Transit Planning

V. Long‐Range Transportation Planning

197

Freeway Case Study Background

Freeway master plan covers a 70‐mile stretch of U.S. 101 in San LuisObispo County, California

Mostly four‐lane freeway, witha six‐lane section over a hill,and some multilane highway sections

Objective of the planning analysis is to identify current and future problem areas and to prioritize projects for future capital programming

Study Area and Facility Overview

4–6 lane interurban corridor

70 miles long, mostly freeway, but some multilane highway

Passes through 5 urban areas

7% grade over Cuesta Pass

AADT between 20,000 and 74,000 trips per day

Truck traffic between 8% and 10% of AADT

Recurring congestion in the afternoon between San Luis Obispo and Pismo Beach

198

34

Evaluation Approach

Divide the facility into “supersections” with similar characteristics

Use service volume tables to quickly screen out portions of the corridor unlikely to have capacity problems

Apply simplified version of the HCM freeway method to evaluate remaining sections

199 200

Split Corridor Into Supersections

Section on basis of:

• Significant change in demand volume

• Area type (urban, rural)

• Terrain (level, rolling, mountainous)

• Facility type (freeway, multilane hwy)

• Number of lanes

Ideally, traversable in 15‐min free‐flow travel time (15 miles @ 60 mph)

Result: nine supersections ranging from 3 to 13 miles in length

201

Use of Service Volume Tables for Screening

Service volume tables give the maximum daily or hourly volume that achieves a given LOS,for an assumed set of conditions

Created by applying the HCM method multiple times with different volume inputs

In this example, supersections with AADTs exceeding the LOS C service volume will be flagged for further analysis

Example Service Volume Table

Default values used for free‐flow speed, % trucks, PHF, ramp density, lane width, K, and D for each combination of area type and terrain

Case Study 1 in the Guide shows how to customize the tables when some of these data are available

Adapted from Exhibits 19 and 30, NCHRP Report 825

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Area Type Terrain

Multilane Highway AADT (2‐way veh/day/ln)

Freeway AADT (2‐way veh/day/ln)

LOS A‐C LOS D LOS E

(capacity) LOS A‐C LOS D LOS E

(capacity)

Urban Level 12,600 15,700 17,900 14,400 17,500 19,900

Urban Rolling 11,800 14,600 16,700 13,700 16,700 19,000

Rural Level 10,200 12,600 14,400 12,100 14,800 16,800

Rural Rolling 9,200 11,400 13,000 11,000 13,400 15,200

Rural Mountain 7,700 9,500 10,800 9,100 11,200 12,700

Your Turn

The following data are available for each supersection:

Which supersections will operate at LOS A–C and can be screened out of further analysis?

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A B C D E F G H I

Lanes, 2‐dir 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 4

Facility type Highway Freeway Freeway Freeway Highway Freeway Freeway Freeway Highway

Area type Urban Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Urban Urban Rural

Terrain Level Level Level Level Mtn Level Rolling Level Level

AADT, 2‐dir 57,600 63,500 70,100 55,800 44,500 54,700 52,800 32,400 19,500

Analysis Results

Two‐thirds of the supersections are not expected to have operational problems and do not need to be evaluated further

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A B C D E F G H I

Lanes, 2‐dir 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 4

Facility type Hwy Fwy Fwy Fwy Hwy Fwy Fwy Fwy Hwy



AADT, 2‐dir 57,600 63,500 70,100 55,800 44,500 54,700 52,800 32,400 19,500

AADT/lane 14,400 15,875 17,525 13,950 7,415 13,675 13,200 8,100 4,875

LOS C service volume 12,600 14,400 12,100 14,400 7,700 14,400 13,700 14,400 12,100

Screen out?

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More Detailed Analysis: Focus on Supersection C

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Sectioning and Volume‐to‐Capacity Ratio

Supersection C is split into 7 sectionsbetween ramps

Each section’s per‐lane capacityis determined

Per‐lane demand volumes arecompared to per‐lane capacity

Bottlenecks where demand exceeds capacitymeter demand to the downstream section

Bottlenecks can be flagged for further analysis(e.g., analyzing mitigation options)

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Section Speed and Travel Time

Speeds and travel times aredetermined for each sectionwithin the supersection

The only input required forestimating speed is thedemand‐to‐capacity ratio

Travel times also require knowing the section length

Average speed and overall travel time can be determined for the supersection as a whole

Results can be tabulated or shown in a diagram

Section C‐1 C‐2 C‐3 C‐4 C‐5 C‐6 C7

Section type Basic Ramps Basic Ramps Basic Ramps Basic

Length (mi) 0.05 1.65 0.24 1.51 0.37 0.81 0.18

Time Period 1

Undersat. delay rate (s/mi) 1.7 10.2 6.9 13.5 5.6 9.5 5.6

Oversat. delay rate (s/mi) 0 0 0 18.4 0 0 0

Travel time (s) 2.9 108.3 14.9 131.7 22.6 52.6 11.0

Speed (mph) 62.1 54.8 58.0 41.3 58.9 55.4 58.9

Time Period 2


Oversat. delay rate (s/mi) 0 10.4 0 53.0 0 0 0

Travel time (s) 2.9 130.9 15.5 184.0 22.6 52.8 11.0

Speed (mph) 62.1 45.4 55.7 29.5 58.9 55.2 58.9

Time Period 3



Travel time (s) 2.9 112.8 15.4 229.1 22.8 53.3 11.1

Speed (mph) 62.1 52.7 56.1 23.7 58.4 54.7 58.4

Time Period 4



Travel time (s) 2.8 100.7 14.1 215.3 22.9 53.4 11.1

Speed (mph) 64.3 59.0 61.3 25.2 58.2 54.6 58.4

Speed Contour for Supersection C

Speed

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209

Level of Service

LOS is determined for eachsection

Freeway LOS is based ondensity

Density = demand / speed

• Demand must be adjustedfrom vehicles per hour to passenger cars per hourto account for the effects of trucks in the traffic stream

Supersection generally operates at LOS E or F throughout the peak hour

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Queuing

Queues are estimated for each section

If the queue length exceeds the section length, the section is considered to be 100% in queue

• Queues are not propagated upstream in the planning method

• More detailed analysis is required if a section is 100% in queue

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Queuing in Supersection CTime

212

Travel Time Reliability

Measures of the section’s reliability can be estimated

• Compute vehicle miles traveled (VMT)

• Compute vehicle hours traveled (VHT)

• Compute average facility speed = VMT / VHT

• Identify maximum facility demand‐to‐capacity ratio

• Compute the recurring delay rate

• Estimate the incident delay rate

• Estimate the mean travel time index

• Estimate the 95th percentile index

• Estimate percent trips under 45 mph

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Alternatives Evaluation

The effect of adding an auxiliary lane to the bottleneck section is evaluated

Previous calculations are repeated

Auxiliary lane removes the bottleneck in Section C‐4, but sends more demand downstream

LOS F in either scenario, but facility speed, density, queuing, and maximum demand‐to‐capacity ratio improve with the auxiliary lane

Maximum d/c

Ratio by Scenario C‐1 C‐2 C‐3 C‐4 C‐5 C‐6 C‐7

Speed

(mph)

Do Nothing 0.82 1.04 0.94 1.28 0.89 0.96 0.89 42.0

Add Lane 0.82 1.04 0.94 0.74 0.97 1.09 0.93 53.6

WRAP‐UP, DISCUSSION & EVALUATION

214

Summary (1)

The HCM 6th Edition provides a more robust tool set than ever before

• Travel time reliability forecasting

• Managed lanes

• Truck analysis

• Operational effects of work zones and ATDM strategies

• Roundabout analysis based on latest US research

• Multimodal performance measures

Methods have been throughly researched, tested, validated, and peer reviewed

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Summary (2)

The HCM 6th Edition supports a variety of applications

• Back‐of‐the‐envelope methods in the Planning & Preliminary Engineering Applications Guide

• Macroscopic traffic analyis at levels ranging from planning to design to detailed operations

• Performance monitoring

• Guidance on using the HCM in conjunction with simulation

Some applications, such as forecasting travel time reliability, cannot be practically performed with simulation

216

37

Summary (3)

The HCM 6th Edition and its resources help support the modern practitioner

• Concepts and guidance needed for a practitioner to properly apply the HCM through software, calibrate methods to local conditions, and interpret analysis results

• Computational engines for freeway and urban street analysis

• Applications guides demonstrating how the HCM can be applied to actual projects

• Online Volume 4 with background and supplemental information and ability to ask questions of other users

217 218

Contact Information

Paul Ryus

• [email protected]

• (503) 535‐7410

Radu Nan

• [email protected]

• (857) 265‐2153 x2504

Exercise Material for Travel Time Reliability

The following are travel times (in seconds) over the length of a 6.5-mile freeway facility for the 20 weekdays in February

2017, measured during the 5-minute period at the start of each half-hour. The times have been sorted for you in

increasing order of length. For example, for trips made at 6:30 a.m. in February 2017, one could travel the facility in 439

seconds on the fastest day and in 843 seconds on the slowest day. Because there are 20 observations for each half-hour,

each observation equals 5%. Thus, the 95th percentile travel time at 6:30 a.m. was 651 seconds.

For each time period, determine the level of travel time reliability (LOTTR). For the 8:00 time period, also calculate the

other travel time reliability measures shown in the table below. If you have extra time, feel free to calculate the

additional reliability measures for the other time periods. The free-flow travel time is 398 seconds. The target travel

time to make a trip at 45 mph or better is 518 seconds.

6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00

LOTTR

50% travel time

80% travel time

95% travel time

95% TTI

Mean travel time

Buffer time

Reliability rating

On-time %

LOTTR = (80th percentile travel time) / (50th percentile travel time)

TTI = (actual travel time) / (free-flow travel time)

Buffer time = (95th percentile travel time – mean travel time)

Reliability rating = % of freeway trips made at a TTI of 1.33 or less

On-time percentage = % of freeway trips made at the target speed (in this case, 45 mph) or better

6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00

394 439 461 660 519 434 444 418 413

407 444 506 714 669 608 445 431 423

411 447 516 760 738 774 547 434 424

413 452 545 776 838 829 605 444 427

416 452 580 789 855 842 621 449 431

418 453 584 825 862 850 672 450 441

419 455 613 834 882 865 685 518 452

421 459 626 838 885 865 710 575 453

421 459 626 845 904 889 768 580 453

421 466 660 861 923 922 788 585 466

421 472 679 862 929 923 807 626 478

422 488 684 917 942 941 918 645 506

424 491 717 922 1005 1038 1058 660 542

425 514 735 943 1010 1055 1074 786 568

427 523 794 1042 1093 1310 1135 998 804

427 540 806 1055 1265 1327 1252 1021 837

429 564 814 1096 1267 1392 1268 1028 849

432 567 833 1158 1368 1511 1493 1049 863

432 651 839 1170 1808 1617 1559 1081 875

788 843 840 1298 2001 1862 1801 1141 1019

Exercise Material for Freeway Work Zones

A nighttime paving project is planned for a rural freeway. The following information about the project is available:

▪ Nighttime work

▪ 2 lanes reduced to 1

▪ 65-mph speed limit reduced to 50 mph

▪ Plastic drums placed adjacent to lane stripe

▪ Diamond interchange 2 miles downstream from WZ center

▪ Free-flow speed = 70 mph (pre-construction)

▪ Base capacity = 2,400 pc/h/ln

Determine the CAF and SAF for this work zone.

𝐶𝐴𝐹𝑤𝑧 =𝑐𝑤𝑧𝑐

𝑐𝑤𝑧 =𝑄𝐷𝑅𝑤𝑧

100 − 𝛼𝑤𝑧× 100

𝑄𝐷𝑅𝑤𝑧 = 2,093 − 154 × 𝐿𝐶𝑆𝐼 − 194 × 𝑓𝐵𝑟 − 179 × 𝑓𝐴𝑇 + 9 × 𝑓𝐿𝐴𝑇 − 59 × 𝑓𝐷𝑁

CAFwz = work zone capacity adjustment factor

cwz = work zone capacity (pc/h/ln)

c = base capacity without work zone (pc/h/ln)

QDRwz = work zone queue discharge rate (pc/h/ln)

αwz = percentage drop in pre-breakdown capacity under queuing conditions (default = 13.4)

LCSI = lane closure severity index, from table

fBr = barrier factor (hard barrier = 0, drums or cones = 1)

fAT = area type (urban = 0, rural = 1)

fLAT = lateral distance from edge of travel lane to barrier (ft)

fDN = lighting factor (day = 0, night = 1)



Open Ratio LCSI

3 3 1.00 0.33

2 2 1.00 0.50

4 3 0.75 0.44

3 2 0.67 0.75

4 2 0.50 1.00

2 1 0.50 2.00

3 1 0.33 3.00

4 1 0.25 4.00

𝑆𝐴𝐹𝑤𝑧 =𝐹𝐹𝑆𝑤𝑧𝐹𝐹𝑆

𝐹𝐹𝑆𝑤𝑧 = 9.95 + 33.49 × 𝑓𝑆𝑟 + 0.53 × 𝑆𝐿𝑤𝑧 − 5.60 × 𝐿𝐶𝑆𝐼 − 3.84 × 𝑓𝐵𝑟 − 1.71 × 𝑓𝐷𝑁 − 8.7 × 𝑇𝑅𝐷

SAFwz = work zone speed adjustment factor

FFSwz = work zone free-flow speed (mph)

FFS = free-flow speed without work zone (mph)

fSr = speed ratio = (speed limit without work zone) / (speed limit with work zone)

SLwz = work zone speed limit

LCSI = lane closure severity index, from table on previous page

fBr = barrier factor (hard barrier = 0, drums or cones = 1)

fDN = lighting factor (day = 0, night = 1)

TRD = total ramp density (ramps/mi), counted 3 miles upstream and 3 miles downstream from the center of

the work zone

Exercise Material for Signalized Intersection Planning Method

For each step of the process, pick one pair of approaches

(north/south or east/west) to work on. If you have extra time,

feel free to work on the other pair of approaches.

Turning movement volumes (veh/h) and lane configurations are shown

in the bubble to the right. North is up.

No parking on north- and southbound approaches, on-street parking on other approaches.

PHF = 0.92, “medium” pedestrian activity, and 5% heavy vehicles on all approaches.

Left-Turn Phasing

Approach

NB SB WB EB

Check 1 Left-turn volume (veh/h)

Is the left-turn volume > 240 veh/h?

Check 2 Opposing through volume (veh/h)

Left-turn volume × opposing volume

Number of opposing through lanes

Threshold* for Check 2

Is product > threshold?

Check 3 Left-turn lanes

Is there more than 1 left-turn lane?

Check 4 Is there an exclusive left-turn lane?

Does the opposite approach meet Check 1, 2, or 3?

Result Protected left-turn phase?

*Thresholds: 1 opposing lane: >50,000; 2 opposing lanes: >90,000; 3+ opposing lanes: >110,000

Lane Groups

Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound L T R L T R L T R L T R

Peak hour volume (veh/h)

Number of lanes

De facto exclusive lane?

Lane group type

Critical Flow Rate and Intersection Sufficiency 𝐸𝐻𝑉𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 1 + 𝑃𝐻𝑉(𝐸𝐻𝑉 − 1)

EHV = heavy vehicle equivalency factor (default = 2)

PHV = proportion of heavy vehicles (decimal)

𝐸𝑃𝐻𝐹 = 1

𝑃𝐻𝐹

Left-turn impedance factor:

Protected left turns: ELT = 1.05

Permitted left turns: see table to right

Opposing Through and Right-Turn Volumes (veh/h) ELT

<200 1.10

200–599 2.00

600–799 3.00

800–999 4.00

≥1,000 5.00

Right-turn impedance factor: Parking factor, Ep: see table below

Protected right turns: ERT = 1.05

Permitted right turns: see table below

Lane utilization factor, ELU: see table to right

𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑉𝐸𝐻𝑉𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐸𝑃𝐻𝐹𝐸𝐿𝑇𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑝𝐸𝐿𝑈𝐸other

Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound L T R L T R L T R L T R

Movement volume (veh/h)

Heavy vehicle adj., EHVadj

PHF adj., EPHF

Left turn impedance adj., ELT

Right turn impedance adj., ERT

Parking adj., Ep

Lane utilization adj., ELU

Other effects adj., Eother

Equivalent flow rate (tpc/h)

Number of lanes

Lane group type

Lane group flow rate (tpc/h)

Equivalent flow rate (tpc/h/ln)

Critical lane group?

Sum of critical lane group flows

Intersection capacity

v/c ratio

Intersection sufficiency

Intersection sufficiency:

• v/c < 0.85 = under capacity

• 0.85 ≤ v/c ≤ 0.98 = near capacity

• v/c > 0.98 = over capacity

Pedestrian Activity ERT

None or low 1.20

Medium 1.30

High 1.50

Very high 2.10

Parking Activity Number of Lanes in Lane Group Ep No parking lane All 1.00

Adjacent parking

1 1.20

2 1.10

3 1.05

Lane Group Movements No. of Lanes in Lane Group ELU

Through or shared 1 2 ≥3

1.00 1.05 1.10

Exclusive LT 1 ≥2

1.00 1.03

Exclusive RT 1 ≥2

1.00 1.13

Exercise Material for Freeway Screening Method

Given the facility data provided below, use the service volume table to determine which supersections will operate at

LOS A–C and can therefore be screened out of further analysis.

Service Volume Table

Area Type Terrain

Multilane Highway AADT (2-way veh/day/ln)

Freeway AADT (2-way veh/day/ln)

LOS A-C LOS D LOS E

(capacity) LOS A-C LOS D LOS E

(capacity)

Urban Level 12,600 15,700 17,900 14,400 17,500 19,900

Urban Rolling 11,800 14,600 16,700 13,700 16,700 19,000

Rural Level 10,200 12,600 14,400 12,100 14,800 16,800

Rural Rolling 9,200 11,400 13,000 11,000 13,400 15,200

Rural Mountain 7,700 9,500 10,800 9,100 11,200 12,700

Facility Data and Worksheet

A B C D E F G H I

Lanes, 2-dir 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 4

Facility type Highway Freeway Freeway Freeway Highway Freeway Freeway Freeway Highway



AADT, 2-dir 57,600 63,500 70,100 55,800 44,500 54,700 52,800 32,400 19,500

AADT/lane

LOS C service volume

Screen out?