High performance thermal insulation materials...Pär Johansson 2013-05-16 Chalmers Energy Conference 2013 High performance thermal insulation District heating pipes • Reduced losses

2013-05-16 Pär Johansson

Chalmers Energy Conference 2013

High performance thermal insulation

High performance thermal insulation materials

Reducing energy use in buildings

Pär Johansson

Civil and Environmental Engineering Building Technology

2013-05-16




05

1015202530354045

Ther

mal

con

duct

ivity

(m

W/m

K)Different thermal insulation materials




Aerogel




Aerogel

Granules Monolithic




Mainly used in composites

Polymer blanket

Lime mortar




District heating pipes

• Reduced losses 15-20% • No change after 1 year




Vacuum insulation panels

• Fumed silica: 20 mW/(m·K) • VIP: 4 mW/(m·K)

7-8 mW/(m·K) after 25 years




From cryogenics to buildings • 1930 first patent (Germany) • 1963 more specified patent (USA) • 1990’s replaces CFCs • 1998 facade in Germany

Refrigerators, vending machines

Refrigerated transports Buildings

Source: Panasonic

Source: va-Q-tec

Source: ZAE Bayern




Research question

• Energy use should be reduced by 50% in 2050

• Listed buildings limits the possible solutions

• Novel thermal insulation materials could reduce the energy use while preserving the features of the building




0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

U-v

alue

of e

xter

ior w

all

Year of construction

The Swedish building stock

05

101520253035404550

% o

f bui

ldin

g st

ock


Boverket. (2010). Energi i bebyggelsen - tekniska egenskaper och beräkningar - resultat från projektet BETSI. Karlskrona, Sweden: Boverket.




Interior insulation

• Homogenous brick wall, 250 mm thick, 3x3 m

• Four wooden beam ends • Sun and rain • Simulations

VIP e.g. 20 mm (0.8 in.)

Homogenous brickwall 380 mm (15 in.)

Wooden floor beams100x225 mm (4x9 in.)

200 mm (8 in.)

Interior plaster/ adjustment layer

Laboratory study




Case study building

• Landshövdingehus from 1930, retrofitted in late 1970s

Reference Test wall 110 m2




00,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,9

1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

U-v

ärde

[W/m

2 K]

d VIP [mm]

U-value dependent on VIP thickness




0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

U-v

alue

of e

xter

ior w

all


The Swedish building stock

05

101520253035404550

% o

f bui

ldin

g st

ock


Boverket. (2010). Energi i bebyggelsen - tekniska egenskaper och beräkningar - resultat från projektet BETSI. Karlskrona, Sweden: Boverket.

Case study

With VIP

Thermal bridges

Punctured VIP




Case study building

VIP Mineral wool




Flat roofs and terraces

Willems, W. and Schild, K. (2005). Vacuum Insulated Constructions in Detail. Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, June 13-15, 2005, Reykjavík, Iceland. pp. 928-936.

Mineral wool 100 mm

Same level




Finally

• Super insulation + Limited space

Terraces Bay windows Window niche

+ Listed buildings + High land price + Prefabricated elements

– Higher costs – Durability – Service life




Finally

• Super insulation + Limited space

Terraces Bay windows Window niche

+ Listed buildings + High land price + Prefabricated elements

– Higher costs – Durability – Service life




http://www.lib.chalmers.se/




Thanks!

Documents

High performance thermal insulation materials...Pär Johansson 2013-05-16 Chalmers Energy Conference 2013 High performance thermal insulation District heating pipes • Reduced losses