Hinges and Hinge-Based Catches for Jewelers and Goldsmiths -

Charles Lewton-Brain.

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Hinges and Hinge-Based Catches for Jewelers and Goldsmiths

Complete Edition

Charles Lewton-Brain

Copyright 1997© Charles Lewton-Brain in United States and Canada Drawings and illustrations by Charles Lewton-Brain Printed and bound in Canada.

ISBN 0-9698510-3-0

Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data

Lewton-Brain, Charles, 1956-

Hinges and Hinge-Based Catches for Jewelers and Goldsmiths

Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-9698510-3-0

1. Hinges. 2. Jewelry making. I. Title

TS729.B73 1997 739.27'028 C97-900862-X

All rights reserved internationally. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, except by a reviewer in order to quote brief passages in connection with a review for use in a magazine, newspaper, broadcast or computer network information system.

The author and publisher specifically disclaim any responsibility or liability for damages or injuries to persons or properties whether direct or consequential and howsoever arising as a result of any construction, design, use, application or other activity undertaken utilizing or referring to information contained in this book. There is no warranty, implied or otherwise, to the information given. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information but any use of it is solely at the reader's risk. The author and publisher assume no responsibility for the accuracy, fitness, proper design, safety or safe use of any information, technique, tool or procedure contained herein. By reading this book you agree to the liability conditions and understand that no recourse is available regarding liability. If you do not agree to these conditions do not

read further. Reading or utilizing the content of the following information constitutes agreement with the above liability conditions. The jurisdiction for any remaining legal questions is defined as within the province of Alberta, Canada.

Always work with safety and safe working practices in mind. Call us for sources for

safety information.

Brain Press Ltd. Box 1624, Ste M, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 2L7, Canada Tel: 403-263-3955 Fax: 403-283-9053 Email: brainnet@cadvision.com

Dedication: To the loving memory of my father, James Brain, anthropologist and author, who I think of every day. Many of the stories I tell to explain life are about him or come from him. And to Diana Lewton-Brain, my dear aunt who has been a lovely role model and person in my life.

Acknowledgments: My greatest appreciation for the team that worked on this project and to those whose advice contributed to this book. The team included myself, Katie Harse, Tara Owen, Dee Fontans, Linda Chow, Darren Fuller and Wendy Morrison. My thanks, too, to Alan Revere for pushing me to take hinges seriously, Jeff Demand, Phil Poirier, George McClean, Christian Gaudernak, and more.

SAFETY GLASSES SHOULD BE WORN AT ALL TIMES IN THE WORKSHOP

3

TABLE OF CONTENTS: (Part 1) INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 7

Rotation: What is a Hinge? ......................................................................7 Process and Procedure .............................................................................8 Thinking ......................................................................................................8

Generics ......................................................................................................9

Classes of Hinges .....................................................................................10

Hinges and Linkages ................................................................................10 Models Around One .................................................................................11 Sample Making ........................................................................................11 Materials .................................................................................................. 12

The Unfortunate Truth ...........................................................................12 Structure and Structural Strength (Bearing Surfaces) ....................... 13

Designing with Structure in Mind ..........................................................14

Age-Hardening .........................................................................................15

Metallurgical Approaches to Strengthening Mechanical Parts ......... 16

PRINCIPLES OF SOLDERING AND CONSTRUCTION ...................... 16

Scoring and Bending Tips ......................................................................19

Simple is Best (Fewest Moving Parts is Best) .......................................20

Designing Your Own System ..................................................................20

Safety .........................................................................................................20

Basic Tools for Making Hinges ..............................................................21

MAKING TUBING ........................................................................... 21

Drawing Thick-Walled Tubing ...............................................................25

Drawing Wire Inside................................................................................26

Making a Draw Bench ............................................................................27

Homemade Drawplate Alternatives ......................................................28

Coil Tubes (Wire, Strip) ..........................................................................29

Cutting Tubing ........................................................................................29

HINGE CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................ 30

MAKING A BASIC HINGE .............................................................. 31

Always Start a Hinge Very Tightly ........................................................36

Bearings ...................................................................................................36

Installing a Hinge with a Bearing ..........................................................37

A Bearing in a Box ..................................................................................41

BASIC KNUCKLE OPTIONS ............................................................ 43

One-Knuckle Hinge .................................................................................43

Two-Knuckle Hinges ..............................................................................44

Three-Knuckle Hinges ............................................................................45

Multiple Knuckles ....................................................................................47

Knuckles as an Exaggeration (Mechanism as Intent) .........................47 False Knuckles ..........................................................................................48

TABLE OF CONTENTS: (Part 2) HINGE PINS....................................................................... 49

The Friction Issue .................................................................................... 50

Lubrication ............................................................................................. 51 Force-Fit Hinge Pins .............................................................................. 51

Riveted Hinge Pins ................................................................................. 53

Beveled Tube Ends for Riveted Hinges .................................................. 57

Other Riveting Methods .......................................................................... 57

Upsetting the Tube Instead of Riveting the Hinge ............................... 58

Tapered Hinge Pins ................................................................................ 58 Cotter Pin Relatives ................................................................................. 59 Tubing as Hinge Pin................................................................................. 59

Balled-Up Hinge Pins ............................................................................. 61

Spring Hinge Pins .................................................................................. 61

Square Hinge Pins ................................................................................... 62

Cuff-Link Hinge Pins ............................................................................... 62

Outward-Thrusting Hinge Pin................................................................ 64

Hinge Pins from Each Side..................................................................... 65

Threaded Hinge Pins ............................................................................... 66

Soldered Hinge Pins ................................................................................. 66

Peg/Stud/Pin Systems............................................................................... 67

Hinge Pins as Catch Mechanisms .......................................................... 67

FURTHER HINGE TYPES .................................................... 67

Thick-Walled Hinge for a Box ................................................................ 67

Thick-Walled Hinge for a Bracelet ....................................................... 69

Locket Hinge (Curved Surface) ............................................................. 70

Hinges with Bearings ............................................................................. 71

Block Hinges ............................................................................................ 71

Cold-Rolled Hinges ................................................................................. 71

Tab Hinges ............................................................................................... 73

Sheet Metal Hinges ................................................................................. 74

Cast Hinges .............................................................................................. 74

Peg-and-Stud Systems ............................................................................. 77 Universal Joints ...................................................................................... 78 Spring Hinges .......................................................................................... 78

Ear Clip Hinge.......................................................................................... 79

Curved Hinges .......................................................................................... 80

Hinged Systems for Pin Backs ................................................................ 80

HINGE-BASED CATCH SYSTEMS ........................................ 81

Chained Hinge Pin ................................................................................. 81

Split Hinge Pin Catch .............................................................................. 82 Rail Catch ................................................................................................ 83 Double Split Pin Catch ........................................................................... 83

Split Hinge Pin Spring Catch .................................................................. 84

Half Hinge Pin Catch ............................................................................... 84

MAKING A LOCKING RAIL CATCH ......................................................... 85

Another Locking Rail Catch ................................................................... 93 Bayonet and Slot Catch ........................................................................... 94 "U"-Bend Type ........................................................................................ 94 Threaded Tubing Catch .......................................................................... 95 Tap and Die Use ....................................................................................... 95

Wire Threads for a Tubing Catch .......................................................... 95

TENSION-BASED CATCHES FOR HINGED BRACELETS ...................... 96

Shower Ring Type .................................................................................... 96 Sheet Tongue Type ................................................................................... 97

EVEN MORE HINGE TYPES .................................................................... 100

Hidden Hinges ........................................................................................ 100

Ball-Based Hinges .................................................................................. 102

Ring Hinges............................................................................................. 103

ALTERNATIVE HINGES ........................................................................... 104

Solving Design Problems ....................................................................... 104

SUMMATION ............................................................................................ 105

WORK CHECK LISTS .............................................................................. 106

Making a Basic Hinge ............................................................................ 106 Silversmith's (Bearing) Hinge ............................................................... 106 Tube Making .......................................................................................... 106 Locking Rail Catch ................................................................................ 107

APPENDICES .......................................................................................... 107

Check List for Solving Technical Problems ........................................ 107 Finishing Tips ......................................................................................... 107 Sources ................................................................................................... 108 Bibliography ........................................................................................... 108 Index ........................................................................................................ 109

Brain Press Publications....................................................................... 111