Housing solutions based on Bamboo Prefabricated

Housing solutions based on

Bamboo Prefabricated

Construction Systems

Urban Resilience

The capacity of individuals, communities,institutions, business and systems within a cityto survive, adapt, and grow no matter what kindof chronic stresses and severe shocks they haveexperimented.

Non Resilient Construction

GREENHOUSE EFFECT GASES EMISSIONS IN CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY

Source: Cuchi A et al., 2007.

A LOT OF OPPORTUNITIES!!

THE MEXICAN HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

Mortar (6.9) Gravel (2.9)

Aluminum (2.3)

Additives (1.5)

Wood (1.1)

PVC (1)

Others (5.5)

Prefabricated concrete (2)

Ceramics (20.3)

Steel (18.7)

Lime (7.9)

87.592 93

96.1

73.6

80.3

48.8

65.4 63.2

85.5

29.6

40.3

0

50

100

2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010

Housings with concretewalls, partiton brick or

similars

Housings with cementfloors, wood, mosaic or

other covering

Housings with concreteceiling, partiton brick or

similars

Urban Rural

Sites with less than 2500 habitants are considered as rural, while places

with 2500 habitants or more are marked as urban.

Source: CONAVI, based on INEGI’s 2000 and 2010 population and housing

census.

Auto-Construction in Mexico

Fuente: CIDOC y SHF (2014), Estado actual de la vivienda en México 2014

9.6%


FORMAL SOLUTIONS

INFORMAL SOLUTIONS


Source: El Universal, march 2012. Damages in Rural Zonesin Guerrero State caused by Ometepec Earthquake (20 marzo 2012) Mw 7.8.

Houses produced by the government in a state of abandonment – About 5 million of houses.

Social Lag and poverty

HOUSING LAG IN MEXICO POVERTY IN MEXICO

8000

Mecanical properties of woody bamboo

According to the Construction Colombian Standard (NSR-10)

*Data in accordance to the Colombian Standard of Construction NSR-10

Source: own elaboration with data of experimental results (2015)

Guadua

Angustifolia

Conifer

wood class

B

Metodology

ISO 22156

Metodology

NSR-10NSR-10

RCDF NTC-

Wood

Compression

parallel to

grain

104.26 208.5 142.66 95

Tension

parallel to

grain

241.45 144.87 183.42 70

Bending 94.36 113.23 152.85 100

Shear parallel

to grain7.12 7.76 12.23 12

Experimental results

Guadua AngustifoliaType of force

Design

stress

(kg/cm²)

The Next Official Data for Mexico City Standard

Type of forceGuadua

aculeata

Guadua

Angustifolia

Bambusa

OldHamii

Compression

parallel to grain170 240 205

Tension

parallel to grain210 370 590

Bending 235 260 340

Shear parallel to

grain30 18 25

Design

stress

(kg/cm²)

Description of BiBa system prototype1. Base: foundation and columns.

2. Prefabricated bamboo structure:BIOPANEL® structural walls.

3. Enclosure system:

1. Cemented.

2. Bahareque.

3. Wood.

4. Floor:

1. Enclosure beams.

2. BAMBULOSA®: Prestressed joists system.

5. Wooden stave floor.

6. Balcony with bamboo structure.

7. Rustic prefabricated bamboo floor.

8. Prefabricated structure of bamboo: BIOPANEL structural walls.

9. Roof.

1. Enclosure beams.

2. BAMBULOSA®: Prestressed joists system.

10. Ceiling and thermal isolation.

11. Wavy sheet of recycling poly-aluminium.

Description of BiBa system prototype

Description of BAMBULOSA system

Bambulosa® system consists in a prefabricated system based on bamboo and steelcomposite beams that are used to give support to a cover that is conformed by one orseveral layers with structural and aesthetical functions (resistant diaphragm, top finishand/or bottom finish, etc…). It is a sustainable alternative for the construction of floorand roof slabs, with a market competitive cost, optimum structural, thermal andacoustic performance, with high durability and low environmental impact.

Patent number: MX/a/2015/001287, PCT WO 2026/122302 A1

Isometric view BAMBULOSA system Cross section BAMBULOSA system Presforced beam of BAMBULOSA system

1. Presforced beams of BAMBULOSA 2. Dead falsework 3. Concrete screed 4. Floor or roof Finish

Description of BIOPANEL system

The Biopanel system is a prefabricated modular constructive productcomposed by bamboo and others materials with capacity to resistvertical load and dynamic horizontal action (caused by earthquake orwind), in accordance with current international structural design andconstruction standards.

Goal of study of BiBa system

The objective of this experimental research is toevaluate the main dynamic and static properties,and the seismic behavior of one and two storiesstructures composed by BiBa system, at 1:1 scale.

Prototypes were subjected to vibrations and lateralloading representative of earthquake and/or windactions to know the behavior of this type ofstructural solutions facing typical demands.

Test program

Ambient vibration testing

Consists in measure structural vibrations produced by

excitations related with the surrounding environment.

P1- PLYWOOD-BAMBOO STRUCTURAL PANELS

In the first prototype tested, the Biopanelsystem is composed by Bambusa Oldhamiibamboo studs, steel diagonals and a plywood cover.

P2- CEMENTED-BAMBOO STRUCTURAL PANELS

In the second prototype tested, the Biopanelsystem is composed by Bambusa Oldhamiibamboo studs, steel diagonals and a cement mortar cover, chicken wire and bamboo mat.

Test program

DeformationControlled Quasi-Static

Cycling Test

Hydraulic jacks with a capacity of 100 tons and a piston stroke of 350 mm.

Test in action – video 1 and video 2

Plywood-Bamboo

Biopanel

Cycling testResults

Plywood Biopanel cycling test

Load vs displacement curve (Hysteretic cycles)

Ductil

and

Auto-centring

behavior

Displacement (mm)

Bas

al S

he

ar

(to

n)


Primary cycles and declination cycles envelopes

Lo

ad

(to

n)

Primary cycles

Envelope A

Displacement (mm)

Envelope B

Decline cycles


Referencing Drift 0.006 (Wood buildings)

Seismic association according to envelope A (primary cicles) Seismic association according to envelope B

(declination cicles) Load

CFE RCDF

0.15 3.90E-05 3.14E-05 4.65E-05 0.014 Seismic zone A-I

1.65 9.73E-04 7.02E-04 1.24E-03 0.157Seismic zone A-

II, A-III and B-I

2.3 1.36E-03 9.76E-04 1.74E-03 0.219

2.4 1.39E-03 9.96E-04 1.78E-03 0.229

2.9 1.76E-03 1.31E-03 2.21E-03 0.276

3.1 1.78E-03 1.27E-0.3 2.28E-03 0.296

4.1 2.38E-03 1.82E-03 2.94E-03 0.391Seismic zone IIIa

and IIIc

4.4 2.74E-03 2.11E-03 3.36E-03 0.419

4.65 2.97E-03 2.26E-03 3.67E-03 0.443

5.15 3.51E-03 2.68E-03 4.33E-03 0.491

5.55 3.92E-03 2.97E-03 4.86E-03 0.529

6.5 4.88E-03 3.73E-03 6.03E-03 0.62

7.35 5.87E-03 4.51E-03 7.22E-03 0.701

8.05 6.82E-03 5.21E-03 8.42E-03 0.767

8.75 7.82E-03 5.82E-03 9.80E-03 0.834

10 9.75E-03 7.21E-03 1.23E-02 0.953

10.25 1.03E-02 7.62E-03 1.30E-02 0.977

11.1 1.17E-02 8.40E-03 1.50E-02 1.058

11.5 1.22E-02 8.78E-03 1.57E-02 1.096

11.85 1.27E-02 9.11E-03 1.63E-02 1.130

12.1 1.36E-02 9.68E-03 1.76E-02 1.153

12.85 1.56E-02 1.06E-02 2.06E-02 1.225

13.85 1.66E-02 1.08E-02 2.23E-02 1.320

14.45 1.76E-02 1.06E-02 2.45E-02 1.377

Seismic zone C-

II and C-III

Seismic zone D-

II and D-III

These loads are

not present in

the seismic

zoneThese loads are

not present in

the seismic

zone

Seismic zone I

Seismic zone II

and IIId

Seismic zone

IIIb

Seismic zone B-

II, B-III and C-I

Seismic zone D-I

P(Ton)Global Drift

Drift Top

Floor

Drift Bottom

Floor

Quotient

(P/W)

Seismic zone in according to the

active load

Load

CFE RCDF

1.9 9.91E-04 6.20E-04 1.36E-03 0.181Seismic zone A-

III

3.1 1.77E-03 1.29E-03 2.24E-03 0.296

3.15 1.96E-03 1.36E-03 2.55E-03 0.3

3.2 1.97E-03 1.37E-03 2.55E-03 0.305Seismic zone B-

III and C-I

3.9 2.73E-03 1.95E-03 3.51E-03 0.372 Seismic zone D-I

5.4 5.26E-03 3.63E-03 6.88E-03 0.515

5.45 5.26E-03 3.60E-03 6.88E-03 0.52

6.25 7.81E-03 5.09E-03 1.05E-02 0.596

6.35 7.83E-03 5.11E-03 1.05E-02 0.605

6.8 1.03E-02 6.46E-03 1.42E-02 0.648

6.85 1.03E-02 6.46E-03 1.42E-02 0.653

6.8 1.37E-02 7.71E-03 1.96E-02 0.648


active load

Seismic zone B-II

Seismic zone C-

II and C-III

Seismic zone D-

II and D-III

Seismic zone II

and IIId

Seismic zone

IIIa, IIIb and IIIc

These loads are

not present in

the seismic

zone

Global DriftP(Ton)

Drift Top

Floor

Drift

Bottom

Floor

Quotient

(P/W)

Plywood Biopanel cycling testAnalysis for equivalent forces of wind

Cities close to

structural bamboo

producing areas

No. City

1 110 Toluca,Edo. Mex. 125.07 1928-22

2 110 Chimalhuacan,Edo. Mex. 125.07 2012.52

3 110 Tlaxcala,Tlax. 125.07 2017.8

4 110 Mèxico,Central 125.07 2023.7

5 113 Naucalpan de Juarez, Edo. Mex. 128.48 2028.58

6 111 Cd. Nezahualcoyotl, Edo. Mex. 126.21 2039.11

7 111 Ixtapaluca, Edo. Mex. 126.21 2062.87

8 111 Chalco de Diaz Covarrubias, Edo. Mex. 126.21 2064.96

9 112 Puebla, Pue. 127.34 2114.28

10 111 Buena Vista, Edo. Mex. 126.21 2139.11

11 101 Mexicali, B.C. 114.84 2163.29

12 104 San Luis Rio Colorado, Son. 118.25 2286.78

13 120 Tuxtla Gutierres, Cgis. 136.44 2857.23

14 128 Celaya, Gto. 145.54 2860.1

15 130 Saltillo, Coah. 147.81 3015.01

16 119 Tijuana, B.C. 135.3 3041.34

17 137 Los Mochis, Sin. 155.77 3948.65

18 138 Salina Cruz, Oax. 156.91 3971.6

19 150 Torreon, Coah. 170.55 4190.47

20 144 Cd. General Escobedo, N.L. 163.73 4199.17

21 159 Leon de los Aldama, Gto. 180.78 4374.06

22 150 Colima, Col. 170.55 4527.09

23 148 Coatzacoacos, Ver. 168.28 4579.05

24 150 Acapulco, Gro. 170.55 4688.53

25 151 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps. 171.69 4781.94

26 153 Chetumal, Q. Roo 173.96 4891.51

27 153 Tampico, Tamps. 173.96 4922.93

28 159 Guaymas, Son. 180.78 5298.61

29 164 Manzanillo Col. 186.47 5456.83

30 164 Heroica Matamoros, Tamps. 186.47 5687.18

31 164 La Paz, B.C.S 186.47 5693.66

32 170 Cd. Acuña, Coah. 193.29 5990.09

33 170 Veracruz, Ver. 193.29 6076.12

34 172 Merida, Yuc. 195.56 6192.36

35 179 Mazatlan, Yuc. 203.52 6709.84

36 180 Piedras Negras, Coah. 204.66 6760.71

37 189 Playa del Caren, Q. Roo 214.89 7526.96

38 196 Cancun, Q. Roo. 222.85 8402.33

39 200 Cozumel, Q. Roo. 227.4 8402.42

40 222 Isla Socorro, Col. 252.41 10350.39

Max. Load principal Cycles: 14.45 t

Max. Load declination Cycles: 6.85 t

Cemented Biopanel

cycling testResults

Cemented Biopanel cycling test

Load vs displacement curve (Hysteretic cycles)

Ductil

and

auto centring

behavior

Bas

al S

he

ar

(to

n)


Primary cycles envelope and declination cycles

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Basa

l Shear

(Ton)

Desplacement (mm)

LOAD-DISPLACEMENT ENVELOPE

Maximum expected load

Permissible drift (RCDF 0.006)


Seismic association according to envelope

B

Seismic association according to envelope

A

CFE RCDF

6.15 0.00037 0.30Seismic zone B-

II

Seismic zone II

and IIId

7.1 0.00060 0.35Seismic zone B-

III and C-I

Seismic zone IIIa

and IIIc

9.05 0.00076 0.45Seismic zone D-

I, C-II and C-III

Seismic zone

IIIb

14.45 0.00154 0.72Seismic zone D-

II and D-III

17.6 0.00231 0.87

20.65 0.00308 1.02

27.6 0.00539 1.37

31.2 0.00767 1.55

34 0.01157 1.68

These loads are

not present in

the seismic

zone

These loads are

not present in

the seismic

zone

P(Ton) DriftQuotient

(P/W)


active load

CFE RCDF

5.85 0.00039 0.29

4.35 0.00044 0.22

5.9 0.00061 0.29

8.2 0.00116 0.41 Seismic zone IIIb

9.85 0.00172 0.49

11.2 0.00231 0.55Seismic zone C-

II and C-III

14.55 0.00385 0.72

16.3 0.00576 0.81

28.15 0.01079 1.39

These loads are

not present in

the seismic

zone.

Seismic zone B-

II, B-III, and C-I

Seismic zone D-I

Seismic zone

IIIc, IIIc and IIId

These loads are

not present in

the seismic

zone.

Seimic zone D-II

and D-III

P(Ton) DriftQuotient

(P/W)


active load

Referencing Drift 0.0035 (Masonry buildings)

Cemented Biopanel cycling testAnalysis for equivalent wind forces

Static forces for some

cities

No. City

1 110 Toluca,Edo. Mex. 125.07 2442.44

2 110 Chimalhuacan,Edo. Mex. 125.07 2547.79

3 110 Tlaxcala,Tlax. 125.07 2554.17

4 110 Mèxico,Central 125.07 2561.63

5 113 Naucalpan de Juarez, Edo. Mex. 128.48 2569.27

6 111 Cd. Nezahualcoyotl, Edo. Mex. 126.21 2581.62

7 111 Ixtapaluca, Edo. Mex. 126.21 2611.22

8 111 Chalco de Diaz Covarrubias, Edo. Mex. 126.21 2313.15

9 112 Puebla, Pue. 127.34 2676.53

10 111 Buena Vista, Edo. Mex. 126.21 2709.53

11 101 Mexicali, B.C. 114.84 2739.01

12 104 San Luis Rio Colorado, Son. 118.25 2894.48

13 120 Tuxtla Gutierres, Cgis. 136.44 3617.78

14 128 Celaya, Gto. 145.54 3623.16

15 130 Saltillo, Coah. 147.81 3818.97

16 119 Tijuana, B.C. 135.3 3848.15

17 137 Los Mochis, Sin. 155.77 4998.8

18 138 Salina Cruz, Oax. 156.91 5027.3

19 150 Torreon, Coah. 170.55 5311.2

20 144 Cd. General Escobedo, N.L. 163.73 5317.72

21 159 Leon de los Aldama, Gto. 180.78 5540.58

22 150 Colima, Col. 170.55 5727.8

23 148 Coatzacoacos, Ver. 168.28 5794.12

24 150 Acapulco, Gro. 170.55 5934.96

25 151 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps. 171.69 6046.31

26 153 Chetumal, Q. Roo 173.96 6191.4

27 153 Tampico, Tamps. 173.96 6230.03

28 159 Guaymas, Son. 180.78 6705.12

29 164 Manzanillo Col. 186.47 7126.16

30 164 Heroica Matamoros, Tamps. 186.47 7200.11

31 164 La Paz, B.C.S 186.47 7207.7

32 170 Cd. Acuña, Coah. 193.29 7572.66

33 170 Veracruz, Ver. 193.29 7692.52

34 172 Merida, Yuc. 195.56 7838.37

35 179 Mazatlan, Yuc. 203.52 8489.34

36 180 Piedras Negras, Coah. 204.66 8544.94

37 189 Playa del Caren, Q. Roo 214.89 9528.64

38 196 Cancun, Q. Roo. 222.85 10180.59

39 200 Cozumel, Q. Roo. 227.4 10638.44

40 222 Isla Socorro, Col. 252.41 13104.38

Max. Load principal Cycles: 34 t

Max. Load declination Cycles: 28.15 t

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Documents

Housing solutions based on Bamboo Prefabricated