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HUMAN MACHINE INTERACTIONIN AVIATION

Aysen K. Taylor and T. StevenCotter

Old Dominion University

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How to improve Human Intelligence(HI) and Machine Intelligence (MI)interaction?

What interfaces are best?

Structure of shared HI-MIauthority?

How to coordinate HI and MI to

maximize desired outcomes?

Agenda

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Previous research emphasizedmodeling HI and transferring human

decision making to MI

More study needed on transferringmachine knowledge to the humandecision making domain

Better integration of HI and MI

will improve efficiency,effectiveness, and safety

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Problems with Current AutomationDesigns

Humans are poor monitors of highlyreliable automated systems(Bainbridge, 1983)

Automated systems in aviation haveflawed interfaces with pilots(Durso et al, 2011)

Machines must determine the stateof their human operators monitoringthem and self adjust (Parasuraman,2013)

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Automated systems are inherentlyinflexible in many situations (Boy,

2011) Scerbo (2007), separated adaptiveautomation into two types;Adaptable systems are those were

the user changes the presentationmodes or functions of the system.Adaptive systems are those wereboth the user and system can make

alterations in the state of thesystem

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Why does this matter?

Air France A330, registration F-GZCPCharles de Gaulle airport

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June 1st, 2009

Air France A330, registration F-GZCPAtlantic Ocean

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Captain Sullenberger

"This Air France accident is going tobe a seminal accident that will bestudied for years, and we need to askourselves as an industry toughquestions about the way we'redesigning airplanes, the way we'redisplaying information to the pilots

in the cockpit. And about whether ornot making airplanes morecomplicated, more technologicallyadvanced makes it more difficult for

pilots to very quickly intervene and

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MI-HI Interfaces

Automation interfaces must presentdata allowing users to easilyinterpret and process the

information (Gavrilova & Tan, 2009) Adaptive automation cansignificantly improve performance(Parasuraman & Wilson, 2008)

Current cockpit automation can makeit difficult for pilots tounderstand the state of their

aircraft during emergencies

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Research Objectives

Develop MI-HI Autopilot (MHA)to

support and monitor human operatorsduring all phases of flight

Automation will provide guidance oncurrent state of the aircraft

MHA will monitor crews actions usingits own decision making process

MHA will reduce errors of omissionfrom the pilot such as failing to act

or intervene effectively when required MHA will randomly check with the pilotto ensure they are engaged with theflight and aware what the automation

is doing

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Proposed Methods

PC based simulation of airliner

Custom software interfaced withsimulation to add new MI-HI

capabilities in specific scenariossuch as loss of control at highaltitude

Data displayed to pilot will self-adjust based on what information ismost relevant based on a hierarchyof importance given the current

circumstances

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Questions?