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Human resource is a vital ingredient of every social system and its management
is an extremely difficult exercise because of changing attitudes, aspirations and
motivations. The usefulness o f manpower as an organizational resource is determined
by the way in which it is managed. The management o f human resources involves firstly
understanding the aims and objectives of the organization and developing systems and
methods to achieve the set goals. Then follows the development of human resources.
The course of action under HRD include recruitment o f right persons, their placement,
developing their skills and ability through scientific methods of training for proper
utilization, ensuring their career development, evaluating their performance and giving
compensation suitably. HRD improves the productivity potential of both the individuals
and organizations. Well developed human resources will have not only more
competence in job performance but also greater job satisfaction. He will experience a
sence o f growth, progress and achievement, and try to contribute the best of his efforts
to accomplish organizational goals.
Human resources development has been a matter o f concern for cooperatives in
India since long. This subject has been dealt with various ramifications by the National
Cooperative Union of India (NCUI) at various conferences, seminars, workshops etc.
Based on the results and experiences gathered at these seminars, NCUI came forward
with the following components ©f HRD strategy for Indian Cooperatives (Sharma, 1994:
157).
• Preparation o f enterprise development plan comprising of all business
activities including human resources by all cooperatives at all levels. The
cooperative federation offer guidance in this area to their affiliated
cooperative institutions.
• Creation of a pool o f key personnel who are professionals and believe in
cooperative philosophy, principles and values at the level of cooperative
business federations to provide management guidance to the affiliated
cooperative institutions.
• Streamlining the recruitment policies and procedures on scientific basis.
• Adopting performance linked salary, wages and incentive payment plans.
• Designing a suitable career development plan for employees of cooperatives.
• Including a provision of HRD in the budgets o f all cooperative institutions.
• Evolving and implementing cooperative member education and leadership
development programmes by cooperative enterprises in collaboration with
the cooperative unions and training institutions.
• Undertaking pragmatic manpower planning of short and long term duration
by business cooperative organizations in all sectors at all levels.
• Strengthening the resource base of NCUI and state cooperative unions so as
to gradually minimize their dependence on Government funding.
• Creating a conducive organizational environment in cooperatives to enable
leaders, staff members, unions etc. to work as a team to achieve the agreed
goals.
• Introducing suitable appraisal systems viz performance appraisal, potential
appraisal and performance councelling.
• Influencing Government to assist cooperatives in development o f their own
HRD strategies without impairing the autonomy of the cooperatives.
• Integrating cooperative training and education at all levels and strengthening
the grass root level cooperative training structure.
• Introducing modem HRD techniques such as work system studies, self
renewal systems and performance appraisal system to face competition in the
liberalized business environment.
• Setting up o f HRD divisions in all cooperative enterprises.
In order to cater to the required demand for uplifitment of managerial skills of
various categories of cooperative personnel working at different hierarchies, the mother
organisation NCU1 has taken this responsibility and launched various schemes and
programmes from time to time. However, the main lines for organizational development
of cooperative personnel in general and its staff and membership in particular are based
on cooperative education and training.
COOPERATIVE EDUCATION
Cooperative education enables people to understand what cooperatives are all
about and how they can participate efficiently in them. Education is more important for
cooperatives than other organizations. Since cooperatives belong to their members
having democratic structure, their members need to be fully informed about cooperative
principles, philosophy and values, otherwise, it may not remain true to its purpose or
operate in accordance with the principles on which it was established. Cooperative
education is a process through which the cooperative movement endeavours to cultivate
among men and women the qualities of a good cooperator and responsible citizen.
Cooperative education is a broad term which includes firstly technical education and
training o f staff in order to ensure survival and development o f cooperatives in a highly
competitive environment and secondly, education of members and potential members in
the principles and techniques of punning their business and to enable them to acquire the
skills o f self-direction and leadership. It is encouraging that the cooperators, the world
over, have always considered education as an essential input for the very existence o f a
dynamic and healthy cooperative movement. Cooperative education is one of the most
important components o f HRD policy of NCUI. It is ment for those persons who are
members o f the movement from different cultures, religions, castes, categories and
areas. The main role o f NCUI is to educate, guide and assists the people in general and
its members in particular in their efforts to build up and expand the cooperative sector
through various types of cooperative opinion in accordance with the cooperative
principles. The ever increasing membership and the role that cooperatives are expected
to play in the socio-economic transformation of Indian populace, especially in the
weaker sections of the society have made it abundantly necessary that the membership,
out o f whom leaders come to man the cooperatives, must be educated and enlightened in
the cooperative ideology.
NUCI, with its endevour to promote and diversify the movement, has taken
various steps to educate its members. The focus on cooperative education has basically
addressed to three categories.
a) Education to members
b) Education to office-holders
c) Education to potential or prospective members
The major component of human resource in cooperatives is its members which
need proper development through education. The movement has a grass root base upon
its members. The majority of the members of the cooperative sector are from rural areas
who are almost all ignorant about the cooperative philosophy, values and ideology. This
is that sector of the movement upon which the whole cooperative movement is based.
Rather it is the foundation stone o f the entire cooperative movement of the country.
NUCI is developing this sector through education. The two wings of NUCI through
which it explores and develops the required talents of cooperative personnel are NCCE
and NCCT. These two outlets have been modernized and upgraded to cater the growing
needs and importance o f HRD in cooperatives.
The National Centre for Cooperative Education (NCCE) of NCUI was
established in 1958 with the main objective to cater to the educational and
developmental needs o f increasing membership of different fields of cooperative sector.
NCCE has devised a pattern of conducting educational activities in the field through its
Cooperative Education Field Projects. The other types o f cooperative and allied
educational activities and programmes are also being conducted by NCCE by realising
the importance of training and education for non-officials o f various cooperatives.
The National Centre for Cooperative Education widened its focus to conduct
leadership development programmes for the directors o f district and higher level
cooperatives. NCCE conducts a number of diploma courses ranging from 3 months to
12 months which include campus training and practical study visits. The courses cover
Environment for Cooperatives, Cooperative Education, Cooperative Management.
H.R.M in Cooperatives, H.D.C in cooperatives and computer education in Co
operatives.
The approaches viz., peripatetic approach and intensive approach have been
adopted in the implementation of cooperative education programmes. Presently, the
leadership development programmes and trainer’s training for cooperatives are
conducted by NCCE of NCUI and also by the state cooperative unions. These
programmes have been useful in creating an awareness among the cooperative leaders
about their duties, responsibilities, powers, cooperative philosophy and latest trends in
the cooperative movement which remain to be alone in inculcating the entrepreneurial
skills among cooperative leaders. It is proposed to lay more emphasis on this aspect of
the leadership programme during the next plan period.
The cooperative education programmes through NCCE are playing an important
role in the development of cooperative societies as well as in the welfare amenities of
members. The over all objective of cooperative education programmes is to bring
improvement in the working of cooperatives by strengthening their management and
increasing member’s participation in.the planning, implimentation and monitoring of
business activities o f cooperatives. Although the main target o f the programme has been
PACS, but late with the passage o f time, growth and expansion o f cooperative
movement in the country, the cooperative education programme has been diversified
and expanded to other facets of cooperative sector like dairy, fishery, housing, women,
urban credit, consumer, labour contract, construction, marketing cooperatives etc. for
schedule tribe, schedule caste, backward and general. Thus whole system of education
in cooperatives is being carried out by NCCE throughout the country as is revealed in
table 5.1.
TABLE - 5.1: PROGRESS OF COOPERATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAMMEA ctiv ities I) Edu./ D ev. Acti.
(in Pri. Agri. Coop.)
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98No. of events
No. of Partici.
SC/ST/BW W om en
No. o f events
No. of Partici.
SC/ST/BW Women No. of events
No. o f Partici.
SC/ST/BW W om enNo. o f events
No. o f Partici.
s c / s r/BW Women
Course for Secretaries and managers
72 5086 556 — 165 4742 837 — 151 4523 931 — 126 3560 651 —
Course forMC/MS/Officebearers
2962 47310 10656 44 2137 36855 8002 — 2052 34074 6715 — 2385 38544 8728 8
Course for leaders
250 8936 130 277 311 7575 150 — 206 6777 — — 475 15737 235 —
Training on BDP in PACS
40 1369 471 — 30 631 — — 22 476 — — 37 365 — —
Course forordi-narymembers/potentialmembers
16042 642686 79867 37354 12632 551430 112510 45219 11153* 424557 80626 15502 11135 461652 88726 35132
Masseducation 49 12330 9550 — 15 16322 14212 — — — — — 9 50 — —
ManagementGuidance
259 23625 — — 211 40302 — — 368 43412 — — 1631 55683 — —
Gram Sabha meetings 268 9935 — — 94 4231 — — 101 3835 — — 220 9280 — —
ContactMeeting 1436 41148 15 — 1530 3105 — — 1913 29118 — — — — — —
Study Visits 2 17 — — • 15 109 — — — — — — 018 155 ' — —Farmers Coop. 39 43 6 - 45 — — — 44 — — — 51 — — —
Contd../.
II) Edu./ D ev. Acti. in other sectors
Urban Coop. Banks 47 1519 191 — 45 1520 130 — 52 995 368 — 36 1142 357
FisheriesCoop. 26 2626 362 670 28 2830 400 567 27 2960 599 390 47 5300 719
Forest Coop. & Labour contract societies
7 98 — — 5 400 — — — — — — 6 236 — ■
Dairy Coop. 712 66883 9316 12758 513 45320 8930 11445 570 54436 10111 11987 612 54872 8946ConsumersCoop. 69 1105 40 — 55 4311 500 — 93 2587 5 264 54 3143 654
Housing Coop. — — — — 1 20 — — 1 16 — — 1 19 — -
Others 386 76305 3791 2392 350 80311 4899 5331 191 19154 3606 2851 347 22107 4788 *3AdultEducation — 5173 — — — 7819 — — — 2946 — — — 567 —
IndustrialCoop.
444 30449 2311 8033 500 40321 4809 7499 394 28999 3633 7764 485 32458 3862 q
Total I & II 23210 976643 117262 61528 18679 845154 155379 70063 17338' 658865 106594 38728 17675 704870 117696Seminars / Conf. / WS 157 77406 982 158 199 4321 1508 — 105 43045 978 — 282 31119 1605
Total 23367 1054040 118244 61686 18878 849475 156887 70063 17443 701910 107572 38728 17957 735989 119301 i
Source: Compiled from Official records ofNCUI, New Delhi.
' The data contained in table 5.1 reveals various activities of different fields. The
total number of events along with participants (ST/SC/BW) highlights a decreased
trend. It decreased from 23367 events in 1994-95 to 17957 in 1997-98 and the
participants from 1054040 to 735989 during the same period but the number of
participants o f ST/SC/BW has increased from 107572 in 1994-95 to 119301 in 1997-98
respectively.
In addition, a number o f integrated developmental programmes are being run by
NCUI through its own projects as general education programmes in underdeveloped
states which is evident from the data contained in table 5.2.
TABLE 5.2
PROGRESS OF UDS PROJECTS DURING 1997-98
S.No A: Educational Activities Events Beneficiaries1. Secretaries / Managers Course 146 16712. Managing Committee Members Course 431 3901
Village Based Member Courses 648 106604. Leadership Development Programmes 201 33655. Preparatory Educational Meetings 353 58096. Youth Camp 244 37697. Family Welfare Educational Classes 365 75958. Awareness Programme on AIDS (Men & Women) 178 72969. Adult Education Classes 227 393810 Meeting on credit / recovery /deposits 427 663411 SHG’s for Men and Women 316 5019
Total 3636 59657B: Farm Guidance Activities
1. Crop Development Courses 170 29942. Dairy/Poultry/Cattle Development courses 121 21013. Horticulture Development Courses • 102 19044. Plant protection courses 115 19495. Vegetable Development courses 122 23076. Courses on marketing grading o f crops 110 15797. Courses on use o f fertilizers 161 28798. Fodder Development 53 9479. Farmer meetings 214 609910 Oil and Pulse Development courses 65 102511 Environment Protection / others 108 2815
Total 1341 26599Grand Total (A + B) 4867 86256
Source : Compiled from Official records o f NCUI, New Delhi.UDS - Under Developed States
The data of table 5.2 reveals two kinds of 22 educational activities. The
cumulative total number of two kinds of activities stands at 4867 in which 86256
persons were benefited. However, educational activities are more along with the
beneficiaries as compared to farm guidance activities. The maximum events were
conducted for village based member courses in educational activities while as the
maximum number of events in the field of farm guidance were farmer meetings.
TABLE 5.3
STATE WISE PROGRESS UNDER C.E.P.
S. StateNo. of persons trained Inc/Dec %age
No 1997-98 1998-99 over pr.yr. Change1. AP 31319 31720 401 1.22 . Assam 13624 6875 -6749 -49.5
Aruncha P. 174 448 274 157.44. Ando-Nico. 900 760 140 15.55. Bihar 7322 25159 -17837 -243.66 . Del. 2672 6719 4047 151.47. Goa 25 174 149 596.08 . Gujrat 93534 105051 11517 12.39. Har. 77000 94215 17215 22.310 . HP 48461 33760 -14701 -30.311 . J&K 7591 6472 -1119 -14.712. Kar 66457 62110 -4347 -6.513. Kerela 12430 12003 -427 -3.414. MP 126111 120180 -5931 -4.715. Mah. 498399 236561 -261838 -52.516. Meg. 12:57 1045 -192 -15.517. Miz. 901 790 -111 -12.318. Nagaland 311 752 441 141.819. Orissa 14823 18875 4052 27.32 0 . Pondichery - - - -2 1 . Punjab 60689 50659 -10030 -16.52 2 . Rajasthan 33357 47041 13684 41.023. T.N 206028 23238 . -182790 -88.724. Tri. 237 35293 35056 14791.125. U.P 402444 855578 453134 112.526. W.B 23104 14028 -9076 -39.227. Mani Pur. 7759 6310 -1449 -18.6Total 1736919 2004716 26797 15.4Source Com piled from the Records o f NCUI, New Delhi.C.E.P. = Cooperative Education Programme.
Besides, most of the sectoral federations are also running training and
educational programmes for developing technocrates. The progress of annual output of
cooperative education is very significant. Right from the very beginning, NCUI has been
monitoring the cooperative educational programmes which also includes reviewing and
coordinating the programmes implemented by the state cooperatives unions. The
programmes conducted by NCUI through NCCE are o f much importance and need
based. These programmes are organised in almost all cooperatively under developed
states where a good number o f persons are being trained regarding the latest
developments o f cooperative movements which is evident from the table 5 .3 .
It is clear from the above data that the total number o f persons trained during
1997-98 were 1736919 which increased by 15.4% to the tune o f 2004716 persons
trained during 1998-99. However, the highest number of persons trained was recorded
by Maharashtra followed by Utter Pradesh in 1997-98. Similarly, the state of Utter
Pradesh holds the first number in order of persons trained during 1998-99, followed by
Maharashtra.
In addition, the union continued to organize training, orientation courses,
seminars, workshops and educational programmes for cooperative personnel at its head
office, New Delhi. It also supplies educational material, training aids etc. to the State
Cooperative Unions. The NCUI alsp continues to acquire new approaches in the field
of cooperative education. At NCUI level, there is a committee for Cooperative
Education which, from time to time, reviews the working of various cooperative
education programmes, considers problems and suggests measures and provides
guidelines for the development o f cooperative education programmes.
Besides, the field activities of NCCE, the following broad areas of
educational/training programme are also covered by NCCE:
1. Leadership development programmes for the directors of district and
higher level cooperatives.
2. Diploma in cooperative education and developments.
3. Orientation/refresher courses for cooperative education personnel and
officers of National Federation/Organizations.
4. Workshops, seminars and conferences on various aspects of subject
matter of cooperation and cooperative movement.
5. Faculty Development programmes for the cooperative training Institutes
and colleges teaching cooperation.
6 . Special training programmes in collaboration with International agencies
like International Cooperative Alliance (ICA), International Labour
Organization (ILO) and Industrial Training Institutes (ITI).
7. Programmes on computer application for different sections of
cooperative movement.
The above programmes are conducted by National Centre for Cooperative
Education (NCCE) at the head quarter o f NCUI, New Delhi. In addition to the main
courses conducted by the NCUI through NCCE, the other developmental allied
activities conducted by state cooperative unions are: Leadership development
programme/course, Conferences/workshops/seminars, Management Guidance Meetings,
Gram Sabha Meetings, Training programme on Business Development Planning (BDP)
in PACS, Agricultural Development Programmes/Farm Camps, Self-help-groups,
Education programme on preventing of AIDS, Environmental protection Education
Programme, Essay/debating competition, Exhibitions, Paid secretaries course, Family
welfare and family planning programmes, Management guidance programmes and
Special programmes in other developmental areas. NCUI continues to monitor, evaluate
and coordinate cooperative education programmes being implemented by NCCE.
Monitoring includes guidance, serving, supervision and orientation of cooperative
education personnel and other functionaries engaged in cooperative education
programmes.
In recent years diversification of cooperative movement in the country has
thrown up a greater responsibility on NCUI to create enlightened, participatory and
responsive membership, dynamic leadership, efficient management and cooperative
awareness among women and youth through different types o f cooperative education
programmes (see for details table 5.4).
TABLE 5.4
WOMEN AND YOUTH TRAINED UNDER C.E.P.Years Women Youth1990-91 95569 166754
1991-92 104643 170176
1992-93 106471 170493
1993-94 130356 191404
1994-95 102868 199589
1995-96 138165 163882
1996-97 107578 139737
1997-98 109217 125595
Average 11 1858.37 174759.8
Source Compiled from the records o f NCUI, New D e lh i.C.E.P = Cooperative Education Programme
Table 5.4 clearly shows that the number of women trained during 1990-91
increased continuously from 95569 to 109217 during 1997-98. The highest number of
women were trained during 1995-96. The average number o f trained women remained
1 11858.37 during the period under reference. However, the number of youth trained has
decreased from 166754 in 1990-91 to 125595 in 1997-98. The highest number of youth
were trained during 1994-95, the number of youth trained during the period was
174759.8 on an average.
The NCUI, with a view to intensifying educational efforts in more vulnerable
areas as well as to cover more sectors, continues to operate innovative educational field
projects for agriculture, industrial, handlooom, handicrafts and women cooperatives.
NCUI continues implementing a country wide programme for organization of district
level seminars in pursuance to new economic policies of the Government of India with
the object o f building up a vibrant and competitive economy in the country. In 1998 all
the state cooperative unions were approaehed to organize district level seminars. These
were instantly organized in 1998 by state cooperative unions o f Haryana, West Bengal
and Goa which were attended by 639 persons ineluding State Government
representatives, Central Government representatives, veteran district and village level
cooperative leaders and officers. The participants were sensitized about the role of
cooperatives in the context o f New Economic Policy.
NCUI has also started member education programme for industrial cooperatives.
The programme started in 1963-64 with seven units in seven states. The programme was
extended to another seven states (with one unit each) in the year 1968. Since then the
union is continuing the implementation o f the programme in 14 states with 14 units
with the financial support from Department o f Small Scale Industries (SSI),
Government o f India. Another modified scheme o f member education programme for
handloom cooperatives as approved by the Development Commissioner for Handlooms,
Ministry o f Textiles, Government o f India, continued to be operated by the NCUI.
These 15 projects operate in 8 states. The units were attached with Directorates of
Industries/Textiles/Handloom o f the states at District level. The 3rd programme for the
industrial sector is member education programme for Handicraft cooperatives being
implemented by NCUI since 1985 with the financial support from Ministry o f Textiles,
Government o f India. These programmes operate in 8 units in 6 states. A good number
o f persons have been trained in these areas as is supported by the data contained in table
5.5.TABLE 5.5
PERSONS TRAINED IN INDUSTRIAL, HANDLOOM AND HANDICRAFT COOPERATIVES
Years Industrial Handloom Handicrafts1990-91 5636 2116 51621991-92 4613 8290 46941992-93 9085 9965 46401993-94 10206 10161 40751994-95 9495 10174 40711995-96 10251 10054 45441996-97 11218 10013 41491997-98 11084 10695 3055Average 8948.5 8933.5 4298.75
Source C o m p ile d fro m O ff ic ia l Records o f N C U I, A ew D elh i.
It is evident from the data o f table 5.5 that the average number of persons trained
under each scheme were 8948.5 for industrial, 8933.5 for handloom and 4298.75 for
handicrafts. The persons trained under industrial and handloom are almost of equal
number, where as the number is less in handicraft scheme as compared to former two
schemes. The highest number o f persons trained were 11218 in industrial cooperatives
during 1996-97, 10695 in handloom cooperatives during 1997-98 and 5162 in
handicraft cooperatives during 1990-91. On the whole there were 22180.7 persons
trained under all the three schemes.
To build up a strong Human Resource base in cooperative sector, at present
educational programmes for agricultural cooperative are being implemented by 27 state
cooperative unions in as many as 27 major states/unions territories with the help of
about 700 cooperative Education Instructors working in the field. NCUI-ICA-CICOPA
pilot project for strengthening the management and marketing skills of artisanal
cooperatives is being implemented by NCUI with the financial assistance of CICOPA
and ICA with the objective to understand and identify the problems of handloom weaver
cooperatives, metal-ware works cooperatives, handicraft cooperatives and labour
construction cooperatives. During the year 1997-98 in all about 1559852 persons were
educated through various courses which is revealed by the data contained in table 5.6.
'TABLE 5.6
M EM BERS TRAINED THROUGH COOPERATIVES
Y earsG eneral Edu. program m e
U nder Dev. States O thers Total
1989-90 598236 53828 336642 1345704
1990-91 955669 52949 17434 1291442
1991-92 1700366 45282 21296 2010815
1992-93 1287403 70000 12508 1681561
1993-94 1157950 75652 37056 1543934
1994-95 1056870 70002 68895 1509807
1997-98 1136122 72235 25448 1535852
Average 1127516.5 62849.7 30897 1559873.5
The data depicts that the average number o f persons educated under general
education programme were 1127516.5 during the period under reference. The persons
trained in under developed states were 62849.7 on an average. However, the number of
persons trained on an average were 1559873.5 which include women and youth also
during the period.
NCCE, under the supervision of NCUI, continued its work to cater to the needs
of cooperative education Instructors and other functionaries working in cooperative
education programmes. The centre has been organizing programmes for non-officials of
various cooperative institutions like IFFCO, KRIBHCO etc. During the year 1998,35 of
such programmes were organized by NCCE through out the country in various cities
with as many as 1295 participants from different sectors o f the cooperatives.
C O O P E R A T IV E TR A IN IN G
In the year 1953, the central committee for cooperative training was constituted
by the Reserve Bank of India for establishing regional training centres for senior and
intermediate level personnel of cooperative institutions and departments. Subsequently
it was also adopted by the Govt, o f India for organizing and supervising block level
training for extension officers and other cooperative personnel of subordinate category.
In 1962, the Central Council for Cooperative Training (CCCT) was wound up and 13
intermediate training centres were handed over to the Committee for Cooperative
Training (CCT) constituted by the National Cooperative Union of India (NCUI) with the
approval o f the Government of India. Later on in 1976 the CCT was replaced by
National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT), constituted under NCUI with the
concurrence o f Govt, of India.
National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT) is responsible for
organizing, directing, motivating and evaluating the arrangements for cooperative
training for the personnel working in the cooperative sector in the country. The main
objective o f the council is to organize need based training programmes and facilitates
the process o f HRD in cooperatives in the country. It also envisages to conduct research
in the critical areas of cooperative management and offer consultancy services to the
Govts, and the cooperative organizations.
To realize the above objectives, the NCCT has established its own training
structure comprising of VAMNICOM Pune at the national level, five regional level
Institutes o f Cooperative Management at Banglore, Chandigarh, Gandhinagar, Kalyani
and Patna and 15 Institutes of Cooperative Management located at different parts of the
country. Besides, it also provides academic and financial support to junior cooperative
training centres in the country which are 92 in number. These institutes are mostly
financed by the state Govt’s and run by state cooperative unions. In order to catter to the
HRD needs of cooperative movement, the State Unions are engaged in the
implementation of cooperative education and training programmes through their
specific training centres located all over the country. Almost every state is having its
own training centres for the junior level officers. Various programmes have been
formulated like designing the course o f curricular activities by considering the sectoral
requirements. The training programmes are being implemented under the over all
administrative control of National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT) through
Vaikunth Mehta National Institute o f Cooperative Management (VAMNICOM). This
institute is established to train the cooperative officers o f senior caders all over the
country, and through Institute o f Cooperative Management including the Regional
Institutes of Cooperative Management for middle level cooperative personnel and for
the junior level cooperative personnel, the state level cooperative training centres are in
operation for training purposes. All these institutes of senior, middle and lower category
are governed and controlled by the rules and regulations of NCCT and NCCE of NCUI.
The policy o f NCCT is to organize training programmes for the personnel
working in cooperative sector as per the training needs o f the cooperative departments
and cooperative organizations. To ensure that the programmes are planned and
organized in accordance with the actual requirements of the user organizations, in the
light of inter-action of the faculty with key functionaries in the field and assessment of
changing environment, the calendar of training programmes for the ensuing year is
prepared by each RICM/ICM well in advance and placed in the meeting of the expert
group on whose suggestions the calendar is suitably amended and subsequently
finalized in RICM/ICM principles conference at which the Registrars of Cooperative
societies and representatives of National Cooperative Federations are also invited.
VAMNICOM, Pune is a premier management institute for the cooperative sector
and endeavours to facilitate the development o f human resources in the cooperative
sector in India. The following main courses are usually conducted by the institute.
The Post Graduate Diploma Programme in Business Administration
(Cooperation) of two years duration was introduce with the object to provide youngmen
and women an opportunity to acquire knowledge, develop skills and build attitudes
necessary to manage cooperative enterprises. The Diploma is recognized by the All
India Council o f Technical Education and also enjoys accreditation from the institute of
Chartered Financial Analyst of India (CFA).
There is a good number of canidates who have completed their PGDBA from the
institute. Nearly 85 candidates are enrolled yearly for the course. The institute also
offers Diploma Programme in Cooperative Business Management of 38 weaks duration
which is designed for in-service senior level personnel working in the cooperative
organisations and cooperative departments. The diploma is recognized by the Ministry
of Education, Government of India for recruitment of senior positions. The institute so
for trained 80 officers in the course upto 31.3.1998. However, the statewise position of
training programmes o f diploma and short durations is much encouraging. The institute
also conducts different managerial courses of various durations at regular intervals. All
the State Government’s send their senior level cooperative personnel for various courses
throughout the year. The statewise training break up is given in table 5.7.
ST A T E W ISE U T IL ISA T IO N S O F TR A IN IN G PR O G R A M M E S A T V A M IN IC O M
S. No.
State
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
W96-97
1997-98
Total
Yearly
Average
1. Andra Pradesh 45 21 40 20 66 63 72 327 46.7
2. Assam 6 8 11 13 11 2 7 58 8.2
3. Bihar 8 10 16 23 25 24 33 139 19.8
4. Delhi - - - 36 64 47 76 223 31.8
5. Gujrat 105 107 64 97 165 128 147 813 116.1
6. Haryana 71 39 43 43 34 24 42 296 42.2
7. Goa 59 12 9 11 40 85 81 297 42.4
8. Himachal Pradesh 13 15 4 11 9 22 53 127 18.1
9. J&K 7 25 9 47 4 11 8 111 15.8
10. Karnataka 53 59 76 81 197 283 125 874 124.8
11. Kerela 14 52 36 53 44 38 64 301 43.0
12. Madya Pradesh 47 40 65 81 87 76 82 478 68.2
13. Maharashtra 296 628 421 472 926 601 931 4275 653.5
14. Manipur 9 2 4 14 3 1 1 34 4.8
15. Megalaya 1 2 - 'yJ 1 3 - 10 1.4
16. Mizoram 2 25 -- - 1 4 2 34 4.8
17. Nagaland 1 7 > 1 3 2 3 17 2.4
18. Orissa 26 61 24 51 37 43 33 275 39.2
19. Punjab 20 60 46 43 34 26 26 255 36.4
20. Pondichari N.A - - - - 50 28 78 11.1
21. Rajasthan 24 24 30 44 71 52 - 245 35.0
22. Skimm - 5 1 6 4 4 N.A 20 2.8
23. Tamil Nadu 28 25 53 38 101 88 114 447 63.8
24. Tripora 4 2 - - 1 2 95 104 14.8
25. Utter Pradesh 56 32 38 24 43 49 25 267 38.1
26. West Bengal 19 27 11 10 19 31 - 117 16.7
27. Union territories 64 85 93 8 4 - - 254 36.2
28. Other 34 68 35 148 90 70 14 459 65.5
Total 1012 1441 1129 1378 2084 1829 2128 11001 1571.5
State Average 36.1 51.4 40.3 49.2 74.4 65.3 76.0 392.8
The data contained in table 5.7 highlights that the state o f Maharashtra has got
the largest number of persons trained at the institution, followed by Karnataka and
Tripora, while the lowest number o f persons trained at the institute are from Megalaya,
Nagaland and Mizoram. On the whole, the state wise average of persons trained at
VAMNICOM shows an increasing trend from 36.1 persons in 1991-92 to 76.0 persons
in 1997-98. In all 11001 persons were trained during the period under reference.
The institute organizes a variety o f management development programmes and
seminars of short duration for different sectors like, handloom, consumer, marketing,
industrial, law, credit, banking etc. at its headquarter, Pune. It also organizes Faculty
Development Programmes for the faculty members o f the RICMs/ICMs. During the
year 1997-98, the institute conducted 61 management development programmes and
trained 1234 officers. The sector wise courses conducted at VAMNICOM is highlighted
in table 5.8 TABLE 5.8
SECTO R W ISE PROGRESS OF TRAINING PROGRAM M ES AT VAMNICOM,PUNE (1993-94 TO 1997-98)
1993-94 1994-95"0 -0 -0 -B
Type of | 5. | 5.J 1 3 2. 3 2.Program m es i l l !
5; t* % S?
Programm
es
1995-96•oitn
■5’as3is.
1996-97
7 "15K 23 • 2:B TJ3 ={/}
Participants1r-o\ON
Programm
es
Programm
es
a Participants
0H
I) M U L T I-S E C T O R S
Total 27 506 *42 810 40 1020 29 585 41 1180 179 4101
II) C R E D IT AND BA N K IN G
Total 8 127 4 83 14 268 23 531 17 455 66 1464
III) URBAN C O O P E R A T IV E B A N K IN G
Total 4 73 5 116 4 75 4 58 5 101 22 423
IV) C O O P E R A T IV E M A R K E T IN G & P R O C E SSIN G
Total 12 231 13 183 12 422 18 321 11 210 66 1367
V) IN D U S T R IA L C O O P E R A T IV E S
Total 1 8 . . 1 11 1 7 1 10 3 28
V I) C O N S U M E R C O O P E R A T IV E S
Total 1 7 3 42 ->3 5 3 54 1 20 11 174
V II) H A N D L O O M C O O P E R A T IV E S
Total .......................... 2 37 2 37
It is evident from the data contained in table 5.8 that the maximum
num ber o f courses were conducted in m ulti-sector having a total o f 179
courses with 4101 participants, credit and banking sector is the second
largest sector were 6 6 program m es along w ith 1464 participants have been
conducted. Sim ilarly, cooperative m arketing and processing holds 3rd
position in order o f courses (6 6 ) and participants (1367). The data also
reveals that handloom and dairy sectors are the exceptions where only 2
program m es each have been conducted. On' the whole more
sem inar/w orkshops are conducted as com pared to Diploma and short term
courses.
There are now 5 Regional Institutes o f Cooperative M anagement
(RICM ) at Bangalore, Chandigarh, Kalyani, Gandhinagar and Patna and 15
Institutes o f Cooperative M anagem ent (ICM ) spread over different parts of
the country. Generally, there is one RICM /ICM in each State. However,
some States like UP, M aharashtra, Tamil N adu and Kerala have two
institutes each and sm aller States in North East have been allocated to be
served by the two institutes at Gauhati and Imphal. Sim ilarly, two Regional
Institutes at G andinagar and Chandigarh cater to neighbouring states of
Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, J&K and Delhi. These institutes cater
to the training needs o f the cooperative departm ents and cooperative
organizations o f the middle level personnel o f their management.
C/3 O s n « n o ft O 3- ft rj O >8 s- s b
Average
Total
Thriruvanthapuram
Pune
Patna
NagpurMadhurai
Chenni
Luckhnow
p 3 ■a c
Kalyani
Jaipur
Imphal
Hyderabad
Gawhati
Gandhinagar
Dehradun
o rr p 3 a. cro‘
p =r
Bhubaneshwar
Bhopal |
CO p 3 0Q_ O -n (T
Location of RICMS/ICMS
33.5
638
48
52
35
4043
4730
tO
45
2427
2423
-UU>
24
38
26
37
No. o f courses
1994-95
00 la OO
16299
1239
1291
1421
1098
86212481269
381
793
490
603
387
680
976
320
544
749
553
1395
No. o f participants
104.6
V© OO OOOO OO
99
126
84140
16795
75
14279
142
106
76
80
58
84
oON
to
No. o f training weeks
36.3
690
40
27
44
26
3852
28
47
2833
30
52 ]
22
LA
34
27
42
32
37
No. o f courses
1995-96
0006
17101
1128
965
1629
200
703
o OO OO
859
1148
745
635
672
o OO OO
439
1333
1003
ON
854
728
773
No. o f participants
105.7
2009
92
74
U>
106
Onu>
106
98
148
59103
108
85
OO
84
125
102
107
"■J
No. o f training weeks
41.5
789 !
48
59
34
-U >
4528
57
43
3430
60
26
50
40
39
33
40
No. o f courses
1996-97
1022.0
19431
11621369
1260
734845
921696
1446
1572
797
644
1225
531
1296
977
1004
963
865
1124
No. o f participants
111.5
2120
93
120
129
ON
134
94
154
162
6295
105
77
OO
85
103
144
NO
162
No. o f training weeks
45.4
863
44
72
LA
32
42
ON
26
69
26
LA
40
ON
30
52
36
42
40
46
42
No. o f courses
1997-98
1097.0
NJ O OO -p̂
1158
1535
1509
772
OO o OO
1508681
1741
1024
1168912
1521
672
1189
740
1162
862
910
972
No. o f participants
112.8
2145
OO
100
122
120
9313679
0\
109
77108
90
86
85
75
120
227
99
222
No. of training weeks
TABLE 5.9PROGRESS OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES CONDUCTED AT RICMS/ICMS
It is clear from the figures of table 5.9 that during 1994-95, total number of
training programmes conducted by all RICMs and ICMs were 638 with 16299
participants and 1988 weeks. In 1995-96 the total number o f courses slightly increased
to 690 with 17101 participants and 2009 weeks. In 1996-97 the total number of courses
increased to 789 with 19431 participants and 2120 weeks. Similarly, the number of total
courses in 1997-98 increased to 863 with 20844 participants with number of weeks to
2145. On the whole, it is observed that the number o f courses with participants and
weeks showed an upward trend. However, the institute of Pune witnessed a large
number of 71 courses with 1535 participants in 1997-98 while as the institute at Kanpur
conducted 69 courses with highest participation o f 1741 persons.
The institutes o f RICM/ICM regularly conduct Higher Diploma in Cooperative
Management, Secretarial Diploma Programme and Management Development
programmes for short duration. Higher Diploma in Cooperative Management of 36
weeks designed to prepare personnel to man the middle level management positions in
cooperatives was organized by all these institutes except Bhopal which organized
“Foundation Induction Course” for the newly recruited Assistant Registrars and
Inspectors o f Cooperative Societies of 16 weeks at the instance of the RCS, Madya
Pradesh and 26 officers participated in the programme.
The over all progress of Higher Diploma in Cooperatives, Secretarial Diploma
and other short term courses organized during the last four years is revealed by the data
contained in table 5.10.
Source: Compiled from the records of NCUI, New Delhi
Total
Trivaaanth.PunePatnaNagpur 1
| MuduraiLuckhnow !MannurKalyani
1 Jaipur 1OmphalHyderabadGauhatiGandhinagarDehradunChennaiChandigarhBubaneshwar
| BhopalBanglore
Location of the Centre
20to
DIV
QH
Programmeconducted
1995-9649
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Programmeconducted
1996-97
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944
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1296
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Programmeconducted
1997-98
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1069
LA ola VO
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3827374243582206
| 2356 ]216042493341
| 2556 |2228380416273565272035172655267925032793
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I
TABLE 5.10COURSE WISE PROGRESS OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES ORGANIZED AT RICMS/ICMS
Table 5.10 demonstrates the institute-wise training programmes organized by
RICMs/ICMs. In Banglore institute, during 1995-96, 2 HDCM programmes were
conducted while rest of the institutes conducted one each. The total HDCM programmes
conducted by all institutes during 1995-96 stood at 20, While as the total participants in
these courses were 939. During the same, 44 secretarial diploma courses were
conducted by 11 institutes with a participation o f 1062 persons. The short term courses
were 603 in total with 14210 participants. The total o f all the courses during 1995-96
were 669 with 16211 participation. During 1996-97, all the institutes conducted 25
HDCM, 46 secretarial Diploma and 718 short-term courses with a total participation of
831, 944 and 11656 persons respectively. On the whole, the ̂ institute at Hyderabad
conducted as many as 177 programmes with a total participation of 3804 during the
period o f 3 years. This is followed by the institute at Kannur with 158 programmes and
4249 participants. The institute o f Pune also exhibited a good position with 156
programmes and 3742 participants during two periods. The lowest profile is highlighted
by the institute o f Gawahati with 77 programmes (1627 participants).
The RICMs/ICMs, in addition to the HDCM, Secretarial Diploma and short term>
programmes also meet the needs o f various sectors of the cooperative management.
These Secretarial diploma programmes were usually organized in the area of
cooperative banking, urban cooperative banking, Rural Development Banking (RDB),
Marketing, Audit, Consumer, industrial, Handloom, LAMPS, Dairy, Fishery etc.
Besides, diploma programme, institutes also conduct short term programmes for
different cooperative personnel functioning in the Cooperative Sector. These
programmes are conducted in every state of the country by these institutes with a
remarkable progress over the years as dear froin the data contained in tabic 5.i 1
TABLE 5.11STATE WISE UTILISATIONS OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES
AT RICM/ICM
S. No.
State
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
TotaJ
Yearly
Average
1. Andra Pradesh 260 231 261 458 109 1225 1540 5067 723.8
2. Assam 118 168 318 644 428 335 662 2673 381.8
3. Bihar 107 599 545 1421 1633 1260 1509 7074 1010.5
4. Delhi - - - 4 9 2 2 17 2.4
5. Gujrat 322 219 590 976 1337 1296 1193 5933 847.5
6. Haryana 117 256 162 244 220 252 632 1883 269.0
7. Goa - 1 - 127 149 286 339 902 128.8
8. Himachal Pradesh 116 19 44 59 59 173 116 586 83.7
9. J&K 39 16 44 59 87 130 61 436 62.2
10 Karnataka 366 1796 1012 1278 765 1124 973 7314 1044.8
11 Kerela 550 767 1075 1678 2276 2608 2931 11885 1697.8
12 Madya Pradesh 431 707 498 580 736 . 865 914 4731 675.8
13 Maharashtra 669 738 1110 2153 1508 1817 1989 9984 1426.2
14 Manipur 22 241 864 585 627 644 895 3878 554.0
15 Megalaya 250 9 6 5 6 32 8 316 45.1
16 Mizoram - - - - 3 153 - 156 22.2
17 Nagaland - 8 - 20 45 7 20 100 20.0
18 Orissa 483 144J0 749 753 858 963 866 6112 873.1
19 Punjab 36 109 343 199 215 293 296 1491 213.0
20 Rajasthan 270 403 604 493 639 797 1168 1374 624.8
21 Skimm - 7 2 7 - 3 - 19 2.7
22 Tamil Nadu 923 1353 1805 2115 1793 1766 2214 11969 1709.8
23 Tripora - - - - - - - - -
24 Utter Pradesh 639 807 651 1573 1833 1673 1421 8597 1228.1
25 West Bengal 582 742 582 794 752 1572 1026 6050 864.2
26 Union territories 16 14 5 40 28 20 36 159 22.7
27 Others 39 66 39 34 3 135 33 349 49.8
Total 6355 10716 11309 16299 17101 19431 20844
State Average 235.3 396.8 418.8 603.6 633.3 719.6 272.0
It is demonstrated by the above table 5.11 that during 1991-92 all the institutions
conducted 6355 training courses, the average o f which worked out to 235.5 courses per
institute with the highest number of 669 courses conducted by RICM Maharashtra
followed by the institute of Uter Pradesh (639). During 1992-93 Karnataka witnessed
the highest number o f 1796 followed by Orissa with 1440 and the total of all
ICM/RICM programmes worked out to 10716 programmes (396.8 average). In the same
way during 1993-94 the state o f Maharashtra recorded the highest number o f 1110
programmes followed by Kerala (1075) and lowest (2) in Skim while the total training
courses conducted by all the institutions are o f the order of 11309. During 1994-95 in
Maharashtra highest number of training programme (2153) were conducted followed by
Tamil Nadu (2115) and lowest in the state of Delhi (4) and Sikkim (7). During 1995-96,
1996-97 and 1997-98 the state of Kerela recorded highest number o f training courses,
conducted,followed the state o f Uter Pradesh in 1995-96, Maharashtra in 1996-97 and
1997-98. The total courses conducted by all the institutes during the period were 16299
(603.6 average), 17101 (633.3 average), 19431 (719.6 average) and 20849 (772.0
average).
MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVES
The scheme for the management training for industrial Cooperative personnel is
financed by Ministry of Industry, Department o f Industrial Development. The basic
objective o f the scheme is to train the personnel of industrial cooperatives in the
management so that they can run as viable units. During the year 1997-98, ten sessions
of diploma courses in industrial cooperative management were organized at various
RICMs/ICMs, were 212 participants have been trained. In addition, three sessions of
certificate courses in industrial cooperative management o f 6 weeks duration were also
conducted during 1997-98 in which 60 employees participated. Keeping in view the
specific needs of the Department of Industry and industrial cooperatives, 36 short term
programmes were organized in which 808 employees participated during the year 1997-
98. The total number of persons trained from 1994 -98 were 7372.
The scheme of management training for handloom cooperatives is financed by
the Ministry o f Textile (Development Commissioner for Handloom) Govt, of India. The
scheme is in operation since 1979. It aims at developing decision making
implementation skills in management of handloom cooperatives. The Diploma
programme in Handloom Cooperative Management o f 18 weeks duration is targeted to
train secretaries and managers of primary Hanldoom Cooperatives, functional managers
and personnel in supervising cadres in state, central and Handloom Societies. It also
aims to build managerial skills o f concerned persons in cooperative and other relative
departments. During the year 1997-98, four sessions of diploma programmes were
organized in which 107 persons participated. One session of certificate course in
Handloom Cooperative Management was also organized during the year in which 10
persons participated. On the whole, during the last four years (1994-98) 3681 persons
were trained in handloom cooperatives.
COMPUTER PROGRAMMES
Each RICM/COM has developed well equipped computer centre which is used
with a view to organize diploma and short term training programmes in computer
applications for the personnel working in the cooperative sector. The computer centre
are also utilized for the teaching the subjects o f MIS (Computer) introduced recently in
the HDCM and other sectoral Diploma Programmes being conducted by the various
institutes. It is also envisaged that RICMIICM develop and maintain cooperative data
bank which facilitates research and policy formation in the cooperative sector.
TRAINING OF FOREIGN SCHOLARS
Training of foreign scholars from various Afro-Asian countries is being offered
by the NCCT every year. These facilities are being provided under the various
Government schemes like TCS of Colombo plans, SCAPP, ITEC under the sponsorship
of ILO, PACTA, FAE, UNDP, Agro-Asian Rural Construction Organization and also
on self-finance basis.
Every year brochures and booklets are brought out by Ministry of Agriculture,
Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Ministry of Finance, Department of
Economic Affairs, Containing detailed information regarding training facilities available
to foreign scholars in India and also includes the training programmes organized by
NCCT units. The brounchures/ booklets are widely circulated. The Council Provides
Training Facilities to foreign scholars at the following units.
1. Vaikunth Mehta National Institute o f Coop. Mgt.
2. Regional Institute of Coop. Mgt Banglore.
3. Institute o f Coop. Mgt. Bhubenshwar
4. Institute of Coop. Mgt. Chennai (Madras)
5. Institute o f Coop. Mgt. Hyderabad.
6 . Institute o f Coop. Mgt. Thiruvananthan Puran
As on March 1998, a total of 725 scholars from as may as 39 Afro-Asian
countries had availed the training facilities. Country wise and course wise break of
foreign scholars trained since the inception o f the scheme is given in table 5.12.
Table 5.12 reveals the picture of foreign scholars who have got training from the
Indian Cooperative Institutes upto 1998. It is exhibited by the data that 725 foreign
persons have been trained so far in which Afghanistan ranks first were 114 persons have
got training, followed by Malaysia with 58 persons, Shrilanka (55), Nepal (47),
Philippines (42) and Indonesia (37) rank next in importance. HDCM ranks at number
one where 115 persons have been trained in which Nepal stands at number first with 19
persons followed by Malaysia and Ethiopia. Cooperative Marketing Management ranks
at number second in order of total persons trained (109). The country of Shrilanka is
having the highest participation with 18 persons followed Afghanistan with 11 persons.
While the lowest participation is witnessed by Ethiopia, Jordan, Nigeria and Somalia.
On the whole Afghanistan holds first rank in order o f persons trained followed by
M alaysia and Shrilanka.
MalaysiaMaldivesMalawiLesothoLiberiaLaos (Vietnam)KoreaKenyaJordanIraqIndonesiaIranGahanaZambia
£.
EthiopiaEgyptCombodiaBhutanBangaladeshAfghanistan
Countries
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NCCT provides support to junior level cooperative training centres in the country. There are 92 junior level cooperative training centres in the country catering to the training needs of the junior level functionaries in the cooperative institutions. The support is provided particularly in respect of library class room, faculty development,
course designing, development o f training material and acquisition o f infrastructural
facilities like library books, buildings, computers etc. The over all training network of junior training centres is revealed by the data contained in table 5.13.
TABLE 5.13TRAINING CENTRES AND PERSONS TRAINED THROUGH JUNIOR
COOPERATIVE TRAINING CENTRESS.
NoStates
TrainingCentres
PersonsTrained
Rank (persons trained)
1. Andra Pradesh 6 475 IX2 . Arunchal Pradesh 1 13 XVII3. Assam 2 N.A X4. Bihar 3 N.A X5. Delhi 1 304 XII6 . Gujrat 5 493 VII7. Goa 1 369 X8 . Haryana 1 N.A X9. Himachal Pradesh 2 127 XIV1 0 . J&K 2 68 XV1 1 . Karnataka 7 3274 II1 2 . Kerela 9 335 XI13. Madya Pradesh 5' 2049 IV14. Maharashtra 13 3627 I15. Manipur 1 106 IV16. Megalya 1 69 XVI17. Nagaland 1 N.A X18. Orissa 4 1697 V19. Pondichery 1 335 X2 0 . Rajisthan 1 252 XIII2 1 . Tamil Nadu 9 2572 III2 2 . Tripora 1 W.A X23. Uter Pradesh 8 399 VIII24. West Bengal 6 1206 VI25. Mizoram 1 N.A X
i otai vz i /O/UAverage 3.6 706.8
Table 5 .13 exhibits that the state o f Maharashtra ranks first by way of number of
training centres as well as the number o f persons trained during the year 1998. While the
second rank is held by the state o f Karnataka by way of number of persons trained but
has only 7 training centres followed by Tamil Nadu which has trained 2572 persons while
as Tamil Nadu holds third rank. Similarly, Kerela having 9 training centres, has trained
only 335 persons while as Goa has just one training centre has trained as many as 369
persons and the Aumachal Pradesh has trained only 13 persons during the year. The
average number o f persons trained in each state stands at 706.8 per annum.
EMERGING TRENDS IN HRD AND THE ROLE OF NCUI
The subject o f HRD has assumed a greater importance in view o f the challenges
posed by the liberalized environment. Development o f enlightened members and office
bearers and professionalizing the management is the most challenging task before the
cooperative movement at present. National Cooperative Union of India NCUI) has
initiated significant measures in this direction. Some of them are highlighted below.
1. NCUI has suggested action plan for HRD to all cooperatives on the lines o f the
recommendations made by the HRD conference organized earlier. In response to
this IFFCO took positive steps to formulate corporate plan for HRD.
2. NCUI, through its spokesman journal “The Cooperator” sensitises the
cooperatives on various issues relating to HRD besides other issues affecting the
cooperative movement.
3. A country wide cooperative education programme is implemented by NCUI
through state cooperative unions and specially created education field projects.
These efforts aimed at educating the members and office bearers which will result
in the improved performance of the cooperatives at various levels.
4. For building up managerial resources the NCUI has been conducting a number o f
training programmes for senior and middle level executives o f cooperatives
through National Institute o f Cooperative Management and 18 Institutes of
Cooperative Management at state level. Besides, the NCUI is also supporting
JCTC (95 in number) so as to train the operational level personnel of
cooperatives.
5. NCUI has taken keen interest in developing cooperatives in far flung areas like
Skim, Lakshadeep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and specifically in North
eastern states were cooperative education projects have been established. These
efforts will facilitate proper growth of HRD in cooperatives.
6. The Govt, o f India Constituted a task force on HRD under the leadership of
NCUI to suggest appropriate strategies for formulating need based managerial
courses for cooperative. The report incorporating the aspirations of the
cooperative movement has been submitted to the Govt, of India.
7. The period of the last 10 years also witnessed the emergence of parallel training
institutions sponsored by different cooperative institutions. In some cases it
benefited the movement by supplementing the efforts of NCUI training units, but
in some cases it resulted in duplication o f efforts and unhealthy competition with
the established cooperative training institutes.
8. Special efforts have been initiated to develop women in cooperation. NCUI has
played a key role in the establishment of 7 women cooperative federations at the
state level and the proposal for registration of National Federation has been
submitted for incorporation.
9. NCUI collaborated with the international agencies like ICA, ILO for evolving
general policies on HRD which are globally accepted providing for necessary
changes to suit the local conditions. The most significant outcome of this effort
is successful experiment carried out in collaboration with “ILO, COOPNET”
project for revamping junior training centres “The model centres” have now
been developed and efforts are being multiplied rapidly.
10. The cooperaiive training units have been eonsiantly engaged in redesigning the
courses and launching new courses to face the emerging challenges.
11. The training methodology has also undergone necessary changes to adopt the
new concepts of total training for organizational transformation, total quality
management and organizational development initiatives. These trends have
changed altogether (NCUI, 1997:40-41, 156-162).
For conducting cooperative training programmes, the NCCT gets 100% grant
from the Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture as also from the Ministry of
Industry and Ministry o f Textiles. Over a period o f time, the focus of training offered
under the aegis of NCCT has been switched over to equip executives operating in the
cooperative enterprises. A system approach to training management has been adopted
which comprises the identification o f training needs, setting objectives o f each training
needs, setting objectives of each training programme, development of suitable training
modules in consultation with the user organizations, adoption of participatory approach
and modern training methods and aids. The curricula for different training programmes
have been re-designed and given due weightage to skill and management development.
CONCLUSION
The NCUI, an apex organization in the country, and the state cooperative
unions- the state level apex organizations are responsible for making adequate
arrangements for cooperative education and training. In order to cater to the HRD needs
of cooperative sector the unions are engaged in the implementation of cooperative
education and training programmes. Various training programmes have been
formulated and designed as per the requirements o f HRD in cooperative sector in the
country which are based on course curricular and activities considering the sectoral
requirements. The training programmes are being imparted under the over all
administrative control of National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT). The
programmes are being implemented through Viakunth Mehta National Institute of
Cooperative Management (VIMNICOM) for the senior level personnel and for middle
level coopera t ive personnel, the training is be ing im parted through Institute o f
Cooperative Management and also through Junior Training Centres for junior level
personnel working in the cooperatives and other concerned departments. The direct
programmes for leadership development and trainer’s training are met through National
Centres for Cooperative Education. Thus the three-tier well knit cooperative training
setup is functioning in the country comprising the above three level institutions. It has
been the endeavour of NCCT to develop job oriented and need based training
programmes for all sectors o f varied duration with the participation of user
organizations and other departments. The modular approach has been adopted to
develop more and more job centered training packages for all the sectors to up grade
training technology and diversified training programmes to provide purely management
based programmes and to improve the professional competence of the personnel
working in the cooperative sector. With the diversification of the cooperative structure
and the implementation of new economic policy o f the Govt, of India in the country, the
NCCT has been conscious to develop innovative programmes on Business Development
Planning for agriculture cooperatives and computers awareness and application
programmes have recently been evolved in this direction. The training materials and
training aids have also been upgraded.