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8/7/2019 Human Trafficking of Burmese Migrants in Samut Sakhon
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING OF BURMESE MIGRANTS
IN SAMUT SAKHON
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Content of the reportContent of the report
1. Human Trafficking issues
2. Samut Sakhon case study:
y
Factors of Trafficking (Supply & Demand)y Recruitment Process
y Burmese Migrants Condition
3. Indicators of Exploitation4. Current Findings
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Definition of Human TraffickingDefinition of Human Trafficking
Trafficking in persons as the recruitment,transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receiptof persons, by means of the threat or use of
force or other forms of coercion, of abduction,of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power orof a position of vulnerability or of the giving orreceiving of payments to achieve the consent of
a person having control over another person,for the purpose of exploitation
Convention for the Suppression of Traffic in Person of the Exploitation of the
Prostitution of Others (The Trafficking Convention)
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Stages of TraffickingStages of Trafficking
Work/ Living Condition at Final Destination
working against their will in exploitative conditions, lose their right to decidefreely over their own destiny, trafficked into other exploitative situations,Inhumane working conditions, low wages & threats to hand women over tothe police or immigration authorities
TransportationKidnapping or travel under threat, restrict the womens/girls freedom ofmovement by confiscating their passports or identity cards, thus restrictingtheir independence and ability to return home
RecruitmentPhysical violence, other forms of coercion such as debt bondage
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Variables of Human TraffickingVariables of Human Trafficking
y Forced or Coerced
y Exploitation
y A crime against the person
y
Gain profit/ advantage at the destinationy Can be either domestic or international movement
y Customer relationship exist between traffickers and
actual exploiters
y
Called victims as commodity (brought and sold)y Victim can not negotiate what kind of job they will do
y Human right abuses
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SamutSamut SakhonSakhon ProvinceProvince
y A concentration of labour intensive
industry
y Key destination for migrant workers
y Central of seafood processing industry
y High demand for cheap and unskilled
labour
y Workers come from Burma, Lao PDR,Cambodia, North and Northeast Thailand
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Profile of Fishermen andProfile of Fishermen and
Related PopulationsRelated Populations
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The Burmese Migrants inThe Burmese Migrants in SamutSamut
SakhonSakhon
y Total 160,000 to 200,000. Approximately
70,000 are registered in the province (LPN,
2007)
y 50% are of Mon ethnicity, 30% Burmese,
10% Karen and 10% others (LPN, 2007)
y Most all of the migrants working in this
area are involved in the seafood industry
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The Recruitment ProcessThe Recruitment Process
1. Informal agent
2. Recruiter
3. paid money to someone to get the job
usually the recruiter or friends/relatives
4. with the help of their parents, are still in
contact with that person who found
them the job
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The Continuum of Brokering inThe Continuum of Brokering in
SamutSamut SakhonSakhon1. Informal broker
Facilitation Exploitation Trafficking
2. Brokers are both Thai and Burmese origin and
work in network, collaborating with bothemployers and some law enforcement officials
3. Some migrants paid their fees before making thejourney or promise to find work and then pay offtheir recruitment and transportation fees.
However, once workers arrive at their destination,having been bought by the employer their debt issignificantly greater than which the broker toldthem (debt bondage)
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The Process of Brokering SystemThe Process of Brokering System
Brokers in Burma
(transport migrantto the border)
Broker in Thai
(receive them onthe Thai side &
deliver them intoemployment)
Employers(destination area
where the migrantthen have to locateanother broker to
find work)
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Burmese Migrants ConditionBurmese Migrants Conditiony Not knowing their basic rights or how to access
the legal system & limited Thai language vulnerable to exploitation (brokers & emplyers)
y Less education and unskilled labour
y Do not have legal work permit documenty Work hard, get no time to rest and low salary
y In shrimp peeling factory, they wake up at three inthe morning and sit in front of piles of shrimp,
sorting and peeling for up to ten to twelve hours.However, they can only earn less than 3400 Baht(100 US$) per month
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Indicator of ExploitationsIndicator of Exploitations
1. Forced Labor
2. Constraint to leave the jobs
3. Retention of identification documents
4. Freedom of movement5. Violence
6. False information about type of job and
conditions7. Working hours, overtime and rest periods
8. Payment
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Current FindingsCurrent Findings
y Fishing workers are among the mostexploited when compared with othermigrant sectors. Working conditions on thefishing boats are even worse than those in
fish processing. Being forced to work is notuncommon on fishing boats
y Despite having legal status, the fact that largenumbers of fishing migrant workers lackpossession and access to their ID
documents means they are often effectivelybonded to their workplace. This is especiallycommon for those who still owe money totheir employer for the registration costs.
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Current FindingscontCurrent Findingscont
y Fishing boat workers faced physical abuseby their employers
y Excessive work hours are the norm: work
more than 8-12 hours per dayy Employers lack knowledge about
migrants rights under the law three
quarters either do not know or do not
feel migrants are entitled to leave the
workplace without permission in their
time off.