Huong Dan Cai Dat

n cng ngh 1 Chng1 M U

GVHD: TS. Trn Th X

1.1 t vn Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin rt mnh m ,n khng ch c s dng khp mi ni mi ngnh qua vic x l cc vn din ra nhn hn ng thi thu c nhng kt qu chnh xc hn .qua tit kim c cng sc ca con ngi . Ngnh cng ngh sinh hc i hi s chnh xc rt cao v tt nhin l c nhiu vn rt phc tp chnh v vy vic pht minh ra cc phn mm ng dng trong ngnh cng ngh sinh hc ni ring v cng ngh ha hc ni chung l rt quan trng . n ny em s trnh by cch s dng ca phn mm kh quan trng v kh mi i vi chng ta l phn mm NTSYSPC y l phn mm rt thng dng trong cc vin nghim cu sinh hc v trong cc trng i hc ln ca th gii. ng dng hu ch v ph bin nht l gii thch s a dng ca tp hp sinhvt thng qua mi quan h gia chng trong lch s tin ha, l ng dng xydng cy tin ha thng qua d liu m t tp hp sinh vt. ng dng phng php phn nhm di truyn xy dng cy phn nhm nhm mc ch tuyn chn cc dng b m c khong cch di truyn xa nhau, c nng sut phm cht tt nhm tng mc tiu xut hin u th lai. 1.2 Lch s pht trin phn mm -Phn mm NTSYSpc (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System for personal computer). -NTSYS phin bn u tin c xy dng bng ngn ng lp trnh FORTRAN cho h thng my tnh IBM 360/50 ti i hc Kansas 1966 n nm 1985, F . Jame Rohlf v cc nh tin sinh hc khc thit k nn NTSYSpc da trn nn ca NTSYS, NTSYSpc c th s dng c lp trn h thng my tnh c nhn (pc). -Ngoi cng c chnh l phn nhm d liu trong lnh vc sinh hc (thao tc v xy dng cu trc i vi cc d liu a bin), chng trnh cn c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc khc. Trong lnh vc sinh hc, chng trnh c nhng ng dng ring bit. Vi mc tiu phn loi theo kiu hnh, NTSYspc c s dng pht hin, m t m hnh ca ca a dng sinh hc v phn nhm kt qu trn c s tng ng ca d liu a bin. -Hin ti NTSYSpc c phin bn 2.2

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tun_ Nguyn Kim Giang

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n cng ngh 1 1.3. Gii thiu chung v phn mm

GVHD: TS. Trn Th X

Phn mm thng k NTSYSPC l phn mm dng thng k c im di truyn trong k thut DNA.Da vo k thut PCR mu DNA v sau in di. Thng thng trong t nhin v mt hnh thi c nhng sinh vt hay cy c hnh dng b ngoi rt ging nhau nhng v bn cht di truyn th khc nhau. Nn vic thng k tnh ging v khc nhau ca qun th hay c th l vic rt cn thit trong vic chon to ging cho sn xut cng nh vic phng tr su bnh.

GIAO DIN CA CHNG TRNH 1.4 Phm vi ng dng phn mm NTSYSpc l h thng nhng chng trnh c dng truy tm v xut ra mn hnh cu trc ca d liu nhiu chiu, chng hn bn mun khm ph mt mu d liu no , m n c cha cc thng tin n t hai hay nhiu qun th ring bit, iu th v l khm ph ra nhng bin c tnh tng quan cao. Trc y chng trnh c s dng tronh sinh hc, trong cc lnh vc phn tch s hc, nhng khng dng li chng trnh cn c s dng rng ri trong hng thi hc v cc nghnh khoa hc phn loi s hc.Cc thut ng ton hc v nguyn tc phn loi, s phn loi t ng cng c s dng m t lnh vc ny. ng dng k thut i din cho cc tp con ca php phn tch d liu a chiu v cc hm cha cc phng php phn tch trong lnh vc nhn dng. Bn trong lnh


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n cng ngh 1

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vc sinh hc n c th phn bit hai kh nng khc gn nhau nht , phn loi. Trong phenetic quan tm khm ph nhng mu mang tnh a dng v sp xp mc phn loi da trn cc php tnh tng quan t d liu nhiu chiu. Trong cladistic ngi ta thng quan tm ti vn tin ha ca sinh vt. Di phn tch s dng n nh mt cng c d xp hnh mc sai khc gia cc d liu. Nhng phng php chuyn dng dc s dng phn tch d liu, nhng d liu ny dc m ha thnh dng s liu, cc s liu ny s c phn tch v sp xp li thnh mt khi d liu c tnh tng quan ln nhau, t d liu c th dc truy xut ra dng biu hnh cy(cn gi l cy tin ha) da vo cy tin ha ny m di nghin cu hi vng nh gi c mc a dng trong di truyn ca loi.Nhng phng php ph bin c s dng u da trn c s trit hc, nhng nhnh gn nhau nht trong cy tin ha biu hin cho mi quan h h hng gn nhau nht, cc phin bn ra i sau c nng cp b sung cc php tnh thng k mnh c kh nng to nn tnh chnh xc cao trong vic lp rp cc lng ging ca cc loi. Cc phng php c s dng trong ntsyspc c lin h mt thit vi lnh vc phenetic, l nhng phng php phn tch 1.5 Nhng chng trnh modul trong phn mm NTSYSPC Cc danh sch di y l mt s tm tt cc mdun tnh ton cha trong ntsyspc, cc t vit tt c lit k di l cc m lnh dc s dng trong cc tp lnh trong ntsyspc, di y trnh ba t m v cc chi tit k thut ca cc modul (bao gm nhng phng trnh m t cho nhng thao tc khc nhau,nhng h s ) tt c chng c cung cp trong file help. Cc lnh ny trong ntsyspc khng ch di hn trong phm vi s dng cho di, m n cn c s dng cho cc kiu phn tch khc,vd s phn tch cc ta thit yu Canpls: thc hin tng quan chnh tc ca hai khi d liu ti thiu, nhm to ra s cn i ca php phn tch phn nh mu tng quan tp hp hai bin Concencus: tnh ton ra mt cy hp nht cho hai hoc nhiu chiu d liu,cc php tnh khc nhau, thng nht cc ch s tng ng COPH: To ra mt ma trn gi trn cophenetic (ma trn ca nhng gi tr ) t mt cy ma trn cng c th tnh ton chiu di ng dn nhng khong cch trong lp trng njoin, nhng mch ta ny c th c s dng bi chng trnh mxcompe so snh v tm ra mc tng quan ga cc ma trn. Mt ma trn tnh phng sai c th xy dng trong mulreg modul cho nhng nghin cu so snh Corresp:Php phn tch tng, y l php phn tch thun tin iu tra cu trc ca hai bng d liu;


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n cng ngh 1

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CPCA: Nhng phn tch cc nhn t chung thit yu nht,c s a ra mt tp hp ph hp ca nhnh vc t ring n tr, ti mt lot cc mch tng quan ca cc gi tr phng sai mu thun CVA: thc hin mt php phn tch vc t chnh tc n cng c th c gii thch nh mt php phn tch d liu nhiu chiu, sp xp cc mc sai khc Dcenter: Thc hin mt "double centering" ca mt mg tng t nhau hoc khc nhau. Trong s cc i tng kt qu ma trn c th l mt nhn t thc hin mt yu t quan trng. S phn tch nhng ta (mt phng php trnh by nhng mi quan h tronh s nhng i tng, nhng thut ng ca cc v tr dc theo chiu tp hp ca cc im ta da trn c s nhng ma trn khc nhau EIGEN: Tnh ton cc vc t ring v nhng ma trn gi tr ring trong h thng nhng ma trn tng t nhau. Chng trnh ny c th s dng thc hin mt thnh phn thit yu hay l mt nhnh chnh. S phn tch nhng ta bng vic rt trch nhng vc t ring (nhng nhn t , nhng h s) t mt s tng quan hay t ma trn ca cc gi tr phng sai, hp sai FOURIER: php tnh fourier v nhng s bin i fourie elp cho hai chiu v ba chiu ca nhng ng cong FOURPLOT: phc tho ng bao v phc tho c lg c th hin bi modul fourier MOD3D: phc tho ba chiu s phn b ca biu nh mt cch nhn tng quan ba chiu ca i tng ti nhng nh gn gn lin vi mt c s khng gian, v c th thay i chiu quan st bng cch xoay biu . Chng trnh ny thng c dng quan st mt thnh phn chnh hay mt nhnh ca php phn tch MST: Tnh ton chiu di cc tiu ca cy nm ngang t nhng ma trn ging nhau hoc khc nhau, iu ny rt hu ch cho thy nhng lng ging gn nhau nht ca nhng i tng tip tc t v tr c s ca chng trong khng gian nhiu chiu MULREG: Thc hin nhng s phn tch, nhng kiu hi quy khc nhau, bao gm n gin hai chiu, hi quy bi, hi quy nhiu chiu, dng thc vung ph bin hi quy tnh n s khng c lp ca cch quan st MXCOMP: So snh hai mng ma trn i xng, bng vic tnh ton nhng s tng quan ma trn ca chng v pc ha mt s cht tn x, chng trnh c th dc dng tnh ton s ph hp ca php phn tch khi d liu( so snh mt ma trn cophenetic ti mt ma trn khc), N cng c th so snh hai mng d liu vi mt ma trn th ba c gi mt cch lin tc


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n cng ngh 1

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MXPLOT: phc tho hai chiu vng bn ca hng hoc ct ca mt ma trn NJOIN: phng php lp gp cc lng ging gn nhau nht to ra cy pht sinh ging loi v nh gi mc pht sinh ca loi OUTPUT: nh dng cc ma trn vo nhng trang in n, cc phai c th c c bi b vn bn x l. Ga tr xut ra c nh hnh rt hu ch cho vic kim tra li gi tr nhp vo ng vi dng thc trong ntsyspc hay cha: PLOT: Phc ha mt hoc nhiu ct ca ma trn da vo mt ct c la chn. Cc im c ni bng nhng hng9 MXCOMP: So snh hai mng ma trn i xng, bng vic tnh ton nhng s tng quan ma trn ca chng v pc ha mt s cht tn x, chng trnh c th dc dng tnh ton s ph hp ca php phn tch khi d liu( so snh mt ma trn cophenetic ti mt ma trn khc), N cng c th so snh hai mng d liu vi mt ma trn th ba c gi mt cch lin tc MXPLOT: Phc tho hai chiu vng bn ca hng hoc ct ca mt ma trn NJOIN: Phng php lp gp cc lng ging gn nhau nht to ra cy pht sinh ging loi v nh gi mc pht sinh ca loi OUTPUT: nh dng cc ma trn vo nhng trang in n, cc phai c th c c bi b vn bn x l. Ga tr xut ra c nh hnh rt hu ch cho vic kim tra li gi tr nhp vo ng vi dng thc trong ntsyspc hay cha: PLOT: phc ha mt hoc nhiu ct ca ma trn da vo mt ct c la chn. Cc im c ni bng nhng hng10 POOLCVC: Tnh ton gp li nhng ma trn phng sai hp sai, trong nhm t hai hoc nhiu hn hai ma trn d liu cng c th s dng cho vic thc hin mt s kim tra: PROCPLOT: Phc ha nhng kt qu ca modul procrestes PRUCRUSTES: S thm vo nhng hnh vung prucrestes b nht ca s phi hp cc im ta ca hai hay nhiu i tng, tnh ton trung bnh cu hnh ca cc dim v sp thng hng mi im c gi tr trung bnh: PROJOI: K hoch xy dng mt i tng ln mt hoc nhiu vc t hoc ln khng gian ca cc vc t. Trong php phn tch nhn t thit yu mt i tng d liu c tin hnh tiu chun ha trn cc vc t ring ca ma trn tng quan a ra cch quan st tt nht c bn v c s d liu. Php chiu trc giao c th c dng iu chnh kch thc: SAHN: Thc hin php tp hp tun t theo th bc, v nhng phng php xp nhm c lng vo nhau nh nh ngha ca Sneach v sokal(1973), bao gm cc phng php xp nhm nh UPRMA


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n cng ngh 1

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Chng trnh tm ra gii php nhng ci cy khi c nhng d liu lin kt trong ma trn u vo SIMGEND: Tnh ton nhng ma trn d liu cha cc h s khong cch di truyn t tn s gen v d liu chui DNA SIMINT: Tnh ton ch s ging nhau hay khc nhau cho cc h s khong cch SIMQUAL: Tnh ton nhng h s tronh nhng nhm khc nhau cho nhng d liu nh tnh, d liu cho nhng trng thi unnodered: STAND: Thc hin php bin i tuyn tnh loi tr nhnh hiu ng ca nhng quy m khc nhau ca php o: SVD: Php tnh loi b gi tr sai lch nh trong ma trn d liu hnh ch nht.N cho php bn tnh ton nhng im ta thit yu v nhng s trnh chiu trong mt bc n: TPSWTS: Thc hin php chiu cc im ta trong khng gian hai chiu ba chiu ca nhng i tng, trn trng thi nhng tm mnh un ln trong khng gian. iu ny cho php tnh ton mt php phn tch thng k ca nhng quan h khng h hng v nhng thnh phn ng dng ca php bin i hnh dng TRANSF: Thc hin php bin i cng dng v khng cng dng ca mt ma trn. Cng c th dng xa dng hoc ct, c d liu sp xp thay i mu ca ma trn d liu TREE: Trnh din ra mn hnh mt phenetich cy pht sinh ging loi c xy dng t mt hoc nhiu modul trung tm c la chn biu th cho tnh tng tc gia cc thnh phn cy di truyn .


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n cng ngh 1

GVHD: TS. Trn Th X Chng 2 CCH CI T PHN MM

2.1 Cch ci t -Cho a CD vo my tnh -Chn Start Run Browse chn th mc NTSYSPC cha trn a CD. -M th mc NTSYSPC CHN tp tin setup. - Double click chut tri vo file setup.exe ci t chng trnh vo my. -Khi chng trnh hin th thng bo cn password v s seria vo Start run Browse vo th mc NTSYSPC chn tp tin CDkeys ly cc thng s ri copy vo hp thoi cn thit. 2.2 Cc bc thc hin -sau khi chy file setup.exe vo file CDkeys ly cc thng s (hnh 1)

HNH 1


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n cng ngh 1

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- Tip theo Copy s password ri paste vo hnh di(hnh 2)

HNH 2 -Sau khi click vo nt setup hnh 2Tip theo click vo nt next tip tc ci t

HNH 3


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n cng ngh 1

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nh cc thng tin ca my tnh click vo nt next kt thc vic ci t.

HNH 4


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n cng ngh 1 Chng 3

GVHD: TS. Trn Th X

CC CH LM VIC Hai phng php c s dng trong ntsyspc bao gm ch "Tng tc " (interactive) v ch "B tp" ( bacthfile) . Trong ch tng tc mt php tnh c la chn t ca s chnh (main window) bng cch click ln nt cng thc m bn cn tnh, khi mt ca s tng ng(respondlity window) s xut hin ln mn hnh my tnh ca bn, trong cha mt mu cc bin s . Sau bn ch cn in y cc thng tin yu cu v nhn nt "compute" chy chng trnh. Cc php tnh v kt qu s xut hin trn ca s bng(listing window) s dng ch b tp ( batch file ) bn bt u vi vic la chn mc " run batch file" trn "file menu" hoc tin li hn bn c th s dng cc nt tt ( speed button) trn thanh cng c ( toolbar). Mt tp hp thoi s yu cu bn la chn mt file cha cc chui lnh trong ntsyspc. N ch r ti chn tham s v chy bacth file 3.1 Ch tng tc ( interactive) Ca s chnh ( main window ) s xut ra mt thanh chng trnh propram bar) click vo th mc (folder) la chn mt on.Trong on ny s xut ra cc nt tng ng vi cc php tnh sn c trn on . la chn mt php tnh bn click vo nttng ng trn . iu ny s lm xut hin mt cng tham s pha bn phi ca s chnh .


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n cng ngh 1

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3.2 ch x l theo mng -Trong phng php x mng, ntsyspc thc hin trc tip mt chui cc modul. Khng xut ra nhng ca s vo, ra ca tham s, cc lnh c lu trong file ASC2, c phn m rng " .TXT " , di y l v d v cch thc chy chng trnh mng standardize the rows of the data matrix *stand o=data r=sdata ' compute distances among the OTUs *simint o=sdata r=dist ' now perform a UPGMA cluster analysis *sahn o=dist r=tree -Trong dng bt u vi trch dn c bit ( c th l dn hoc i ) gn vi mt lnh Nhng hng trng c th b qua, -Thng thng mi hng bt u vi mt du sao v theo sau l tn chng trnh, theo sau n l tham s v gi tr, gia tham s v gi tr c gn du "=". - Mi tham s l mt m cho va tham s chng trnh, vic gn gi tr cho tham s thc hin bng " =" v khng cha khong trng gia tham s v gi tr, mi cp nh vy trong mt hng phi cch nhau t nht mt khong trng -Thng thng tham s c mt ti ba m s, chng khng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng -Gi tr em gn c th l tn file, hng s hoc l m la chn -Nhng gi tr ng nht c th ch r nhng g trong mc vo ch tng tc - Nhng mc nh cng tng t nh ch tng tc, cc phai ca chng trnh cng c lu vo trong th mc vi phn m rnh .NTB - chy mt file cha ng nhng khi lnh bn click vo mt nt tt la chn " run batch file " trn "menufile " ca ca s chnh ( main window) , n s a mt hp thoi mng cng thc nh hnh sau .

Figure 2.3. Batch mode window. Click the "Load" button to select a batch file and then click the "Run" button. -Click vo nt " load " m mt hp thoi, trong cha danh sch cc filebn mun la chn


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-Click vo nt" Run " chy file m bn la chn, trong khi chy chng trng ca s ny s xut ra mt dng lm vic hin hnh, nu bn mun thay i nh cu mnh click vo nt "cance " -Kt qu chng trnh s c t ng gi ti ca s danh sch (listing window), chng c kim tra khi mt php tng kt thc -N cng c th chun b mt khi file vi nhng tham s c thay th,iu ny cho php s dng nhiu hn mt tp d liu -Nu cc m c tm thy trong mt khi file chng s c thay bi cc gi tr tham s tng ng trong vng tham s cha trong ca s mng -Gi tr ln nht c th thay th l 9 tham s , cho v d di -Nu tham s thay th ln u tin l mt "mosq" th hai l mt "single" , sau batchfile s c bin i nh di y. *stand o=%1.nts r=sdata.nts *simint o=sdata.nts r=dist.nts *sahn o=dist.nts cm=%2 r=tree.nts -sau khi thay th ln 1, ln 2 ta dc *stand o=mosq.nts r=sdata.nts *simint o=sdata.nts r=dist.nts *sahn o=dist.nts cm=single r=tree.nts


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n cng ngh 1 CHNG 4

GVHD: TS. Trn Th X

THC N V CC CA S C LIN QUAN 4.1: Ca s chnh:

y ca s chnh ca ntsyspc trn cha cc trnh n m bn c th la chn, di y l danh sch cc la chn: -File: trong file l cc trnh n con m bn c th la chn, click vo biu tng "file" ti danh sch cc trnh n cn la chn, chn trnh n no bn ch cn left click vo biu tng -Options: Cha ng danh sch cc thc n con, t bn c th la chn cu hnh(configurations) mc nh phc hi (stores default ) mc lc cu hnh s a ra mt cng vo ca tham s cho nhng chng trnh ty chn cu hnh khc nhau, mc lc mc nh phc hi s lp li tham s cu hnh tr v trng thi ban u ca n -Help: bao gm cc chng trnh con tm kim, gp cch thc s dng ,thng tin v bn quyn ng k


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4.2 Customization option: cho php da ra cc ty chn v cc modul m bn mun, click vo "customize" ti chng trnh xung, xut ra mt ca s dao din nh hnh 4.1, trong ca s bn tri cha cc danh sch la chon bn dng chut r danh sach la chn click vo biutng danh sch, mun thmvo mt danh sch s dngtrong th mc bn trai clickvo biu tng tng ng thay i mt modul trongth mc s dng right click tn ca n, chn "add/remove"nhn ok ng chng trnh

Configuration and optionfile Di y l nhng tham s cho php mgi dng c th la chn cho mt ch ph hp cho my tnh, trn ca s cu hnh bn c th la chn cc thng s lm vic cho bng di y Configuration parameters Batch code FF LF LI DD Description File format code. Listing format code. Listing indent when printing. Data directorythe directory to use as the current directory for data files.


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n cng ngh 1 OW ED

GVHD: TS. Trn Th X File overwrite code. ?=ask, O=overwrite, and A=append. Editor to be called from the toolbar or the File|Edit menu.

-Ct bn tri cha cc m s dng, ct bn phi mt s miu t ch thch cho m s dng - file format ( m kh tp tin ) dng gi cc kt qu ln a sao cho chng c th c s dng li lm mt file nhp cho chng trng khc, nhng dng khun ny thng mc nh sn vi mt gi tr ti u, v vy trong sut qu trnh s dng bn khng nn thay i cc gi tr ny , nghoi tr trng hp bn chy vi mt ma trn d liu rt ln - LI: M dng khun ca s bng ( listing format code ), thng gi tr ny c th thay i ph hp vi mt tp d liu cho v d mt mc dnh "8.4f" c ngha gii hn ti a cho cc ch s thp phn l 4 tuy nhin gi tr ny c th thay i ty theo ngi s dng -File overwrite code: c dng kim tra li trc khi bn lu d liu vo my vi file c tn trng vi tn file hin hnh, wind s hi bn c mun thc hin khng , overwrite( gi mt d liu ln mt d liu khc) khi d liu hin hnh s b xa. append cho php bn c th lu file hin hnh khi n kt thc bng cch ct buc 4.3 Bng cu s ra ( output listing window) Bng ca s ra a ra cc kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh, mi ln chy chng trnh, n xut ra mt don mi trn ca s bng, bao gm cc mudul tnh v kt qu ca chng trnh hnh 4.2 trn ca s ra ny bn c th iu chnh cc gi tr nhp vo hoc iu la chn nhng on d liu bn mun in ra a .


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CHNG 5 THC HNH CCH S DNG Hin nay khng ch trn th gii ng dng c rt nhiu m ngay c Vit Nam cng tin hnh rt thnh cng c bit l trong lnh vc nng nghip .Nh vin la ng bng sng cu long s dng phn mm phn tch kiu ghen ca 143 ging lua qua la chn c nhng ging c phm cht tt a vo ng dng trong sn xut.V ngoi ra cn nhiu ng dng khc c thc hin rt thnh cng .Qa trnh chy chng trnh c th tng qut qua s sau. 6.1 s tng qut

Ngun nghin cu

S liu th

S liu sau khi chy in di

S liu sau khi nhp vo ExcelNTSYSpc

S liu c m ha

S cy thng

Kt qu phn tch v nh gi kiu hnh


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n cng ngh 1

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hiu r hn v cch s dng ta xt v d c th sau: s dng gm cc bc sau: 6.2 s dng tin trnh PCR(Polymera Chain Reaction) v in di c kt qu trn bng gel. V d ta c quy trnh sau: kt qu sau khi chy in di A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B C D E F G H K M N O P Q

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Ghi ch: - : vch pht sng sau khi chy in di hay cn gi l Band v cng chnh l alen. - s dng chng trnh c ta phi m ha bng s liu tren thnh bng nh phn.c th : + so hng ngang mu no c vch - th nh s 1 v mu no khng c vch th nh s 0.V c th nh cho n ht s vch ca mu. Vi cch lm nh trn ta c bng s liu m ha t bng in di trn nh sau:


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

A 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

B 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

D 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0

E 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1

F 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1

G 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

H 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

K 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

M 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

N 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

O 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1

P 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

Q 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

Sau khi c bng s liu m ha th chng ta m phn mm Microsoft Excel nhp s liu vo bng tnh trc khi phn tch . 6.2 Nhp s liu vo Excel 6.2.1 Khi ng Excel t mn hnh chnh T mn hnh chnh chn start /All program /Microsoft Office/Microsoft excel


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6.2.2 Nhp s liu Trong ca s Excel chng ta tin hnh nhp s liu cho v d trn nh sau : -Hng 3,ct 1 : nhp s 1 , l s hin th mt bng chung -Hng 3,ct 2: nhp s vch in di gi l band hay alen (s hng ca ma trn) -Hng 3,ct 3: nhp s ct trong bng m ha hay s ging cn thng k(sctMT) -Hng 3 ,ct 4: nu nhp s 0 c ngha l chng ta xc nh thng kkhng c s sai st cn nu nhp s 1 l c s sai st. -Sau khi nhp xong ta lu tp tin ni d nh thc hin cc bc tip theo. - v d ny chung ta lu vi tn baigiangNTSYSPC.xtl nh hnh di. S hng u tin l mt m s ca ma trn theo cch biu hin nh sau: 1 = ma trn c dng ch nht 2 = ma trn vung s liu khng i xng 3 = ma trn vung s liu i xng 5 = ma trn c dng cy, s liu khng i xng 6 = ma trn c dng cy, s liu i xng 6.2.3 Bng s liu m ha sau khi nhp vo Excel


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6.3 Nhp s liu vo chng trnh NTSYSPC 6.3.1.khi ng chng trnh T mn hnh chnh nhp vo nt Start chn All program v chn NTSYSPC 2.1.

Sau khi chn mn hnh giao din ca chng trnh nh sau:


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6.3.2 chy chng trnh - T ca s NTSYSPC click chut vo nt Similarity - Tip theo chn Qualitative data Sau khi chn s xut hin ca s nh sau:

Trong : -Input file: dng nhp tn tp tin m ta nhp vo bng Excel trn. + ta c th nh tn tp tin vo trn hoc double click chut tri vo trng v chon tp tin . - By row?: Nu chng ta nhp s liu bng hng th mi khai bo cn khng th trng. -Output file: t tn v chon ni lu tn tp tin sau khi chy chng trnh. +Tp tin ny c ui l .NTS +C th nh trc tip ng dn hoc tr chut vo trng ri double click chut tri chn ng dn lu tp tin


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- Sau khi in y cc thng tin ca s xut hin nh sau:

Tip theo nhp chut vo nt

Sau khi nhp chut vo nt compute xut hin ca s Report listing nh sau:


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T ca s Report listing vo file v chn load notebook v chn file NTSYSPC lu trn.

Chn file lu xut Report listing

Sau khi click nt open s xut hin mt Report listing nh sau:


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y chnh l kt qu thng k theo dng s Kt qu dng ny rt kh nhn kt qu n gin hn ta dng dng biu bng cch sau. Lu : s dng c biu hnh cy thng th cc bc trn phi y mi to c 6.3.3 Cch thc hin nh sau: T ca s NTSYSPC chn nt Clustering

Click chut trivo

Sau khi chn xut hin ca s

Tip theo click vo nt SAHN


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Trong mc : Input file :chn file kt qu chy trn Output fee file:t tn v chn ng dn lu file dang cy. y l kt qu m chng ta cn

Khi nhp xong nhn nt compute s xut hin ca s Report listing,sau quay tr li ca s NTSYSPC chn biu tng hnh cy gn nt start pha di gc tri mn hnh

Click chut tri vo y


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Cui cng xut hin ca s thng k dng cy nh sau:


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