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Huygens' principle. Edge diffraction. REFLECTED. UNDISTURBED. Reflection and refraction. Ultra sound. Seismic reflection profiling. Taken from An introduction to geophysical exploration by P. Kearey and M. Brooks. Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Same shot gathers as in previous slide, but after gain recovery, spiking
deconvolution and trace balancing.
Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz
The figure shows how to combine
traces obtained by different source
– receiver configurations in order to
establish a CMP gather with six
traces.
Taken from An introduction to geophysical exploration by P. Kearey and M. Brooks
(a) The four ray paths both have
a common mid point
between source (S) and
receiver (D) and a common
depth point (reflection point).
Thus the traces constitute
both a common mid point
and a common depth point
gather.
(b) The ray paths have a
common mid point between
source and reciever, but not
a common depth point. Thus
the traces only constitute a
common mid point gather.
Taken from An introduction to geophysical exploration by P. Kearey and M. Brooks
Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz
CMP gathers derived from the shot gathers shown in slides 8 and 9.
NMO correction
Reflected waves recorded at
nonzero-offsets are moved
to zero-offset travel time t0.
The time shift is given by
∆t = t(x) - t0 ≈ x2⁄ (2v2t0)
Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz
The unmigrated time section associated with the CMP gathers in slide 17 (plus many more).
Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz
The migrated version of the time section in the previous slide.
Taken from Seismic data processing by Özdoğan Yilmaz
Gravity = gravitational + centrifugal acceleration
Taken from Fundamentals of Geophysics by William Lowrie
International reference ellipsoid vs. spherical earth model
Taken from Fundamentals of Geophysics by William Lowrie