I) Roots of Conflict

A) French & Indian War left England with a large debt

1st direct tax on the colonies that said all documents had to be on officially stamped paper

1) Stamp Act

a) Stamp Act Congress (1765): only colonial legislatures could tax the colonies

2) Townshend Acts

“no taxation without representation”

taxed everyday items

a) boycott

refusing to buy something

3) Tea Act

4) Boston Massacre (1770)

Crispus Attucks

B) Sons of Liberty

C) Committees of Correspondence

resisted the Acts of Parliament

set up by Samuel Adams to keep the colonies informed

D) Boston Tea Party (1773)

E) Minutemen

F) Punishing the Colonies

colonists ready to fight at a moment’s notice

blank search warrants

1) “writs of assistance”

2) Declaratory Act

Parliament ruled the colonies

3) Intolerable Acts: closed the port of Boston, restricted representative government, quartering, & installed a non-elected military governor of Massachusetts (plus the Quebec Act)

Coercive Acts

because of the Boston Tea Party

quartering = putting soldiers in your home

II) Revolution Begins: Lexington & Concord

A) Paul Revere (April 19, 1775)

B) Bunker (Breed’s) Hill: “don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”

inaccurate guns & low ammunition

costly “victory” for British

III) George Washington

commander of the Continental—American—Army who drove the British out of Boston with cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga—brought to him by his artillery commander, Henry Knox

IV) Declaration of Independence

A) Second Continental Congress

message sent to King George III asking for a reconciliation

1) Olive Branch Petition

a) Patriotswanted independence b) Loyalists (Tories)loyal to the crown

B) Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”

C) Committee of Five

1st public call for independence

Phillip Livingston Roger Sherman

John Adams Benjamin Franklin

Thomas Jefferson

“…unalienable rights…”

“…life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness…”

“…consent of the governed…”

John Locke’s Two Treatise of Government

Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory

rights you’re born with that no one can take away

V) Trenton

VI) Saratoga

Washington crossed the Delaware River to defeat the Hessians—German mercenaries—Christmas, 1776

convinced the French to ally with America

VII)

VIII) Valley Forge

French nobleman who fought in Washington’s army

Marquis de Lafayette

winter encampment that has become synonymous with suffering

A) Baron Von Steuben

IX) Monmouth

A) Blacks

largest battle of the war & Washington’s “finest hour” as commander

7-8%

B) Women: “Molly Pitcher”

X) West Point: Hudson River

A) Benedict Arnold’s Treason

key to the continent

XI) Yorktown, VA (1781)

A) General Cornwallis

last major battle of the Revolution

British commander who surrendered at Yorktown

XII) Treaty of Paris, 1783ended the Revolution & gained for America its independence