Idoc.vn Giao Trinh Khai Quat Ve Hang Khong Dan Dung

7/26/2019 Idoc.vn Giao Trinh Khai Quat Ve Hang Khong Dan Dung

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HC VIN HNG KHNG VIT NAM

KHOA VN TI HNG KHNG

TS. Dng Cao Thi Nguyn (Ch bin)TS. Nguyn Hi QuangTS. Chu Hong H

- Ths. Trn Quang Minh

GIO TRNH

KHI QUT

V HNG KHNG DN DNG

TP. H Ch Minh Nm 2010

Mc lc


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DANH MC CC K HIU, CH VIT TT 5

DANH MC CC BNG 5

DANH MC CC HNH V, TH 7

Li m u 7

Chng 1: Tng quan v ngnh hng khng dn dng 9

1. Tng quan v HKDD trn th gii 9

1.1. Lch s pht trin ngnh HKDD 9

1.2. Cc lnh vc c bn trong ngnh HKDD 12

1.3. c trng ca ngnh HKDD 14

1.4. Cc xu th pht trin ca hng khng dn dng th gii..........................

1.5. Vai tr ca ngnh HKDD 222. Tng quan v ngnh hng khng Vit nam 23

2.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ngnh HKVN 23

2.2. Vai tr ca ngnh hng khng Vit nam 27

2.3. T chc ca ngnh HKVN hin nay 28

Chng 2: Qun l nh nc v hng khng dn dng 35

1. Tng quan v qun l nh nc v HKDD 351.1. S cn thit ca qun l nh nc v HKDD 35

1.2. Ni dung v trch nhim qun l nh nc v HKDD36

1.3. Qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD 38

2. C quan qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh v HKDD Vit nam....................

2.1. B giao thng vn ti 41

2.2. Cc hng khng Vit nam 422.3. Cc Cng v hng khng 54

Chng 3: Tu bay v cng nghip hng khng 58

1. Tu bay dn dng 58

1.1. Khi nim v nhng quy nh chung 58

1.2. Khai thc tu bay 60

1.3. My bay 65


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2. Khi qut v cng nghip HKDD 93

2.1. Cng nghip sn xut my bay dn dng 93

2.2. K thut my bay v cc lnh vc khc 97

3. My bay khai thc v cng nghip HKDD Vit nam 98

3.1. Cc loi my bay dn dng ang khai thc Vit nam............................

3.2. Cng nghip HKDD Vit nam 100

Chng 4: Cng hng khng, sn bay 106

1. Khi qut v cng hng khng, sn bay 106

1.1. Khi nim cng hng khng, sn bay 106

1.2. Phn loi cng hng khng, sn bay 109

1.3. Cc cng trnh c bn v u t xy dng Cng hng khng..................1.4. Cc dch v hng khng ti cng hng khng sn bay113

2. Khai thc cng hng khng, sn bay 115

2.1. Khi qut 115

2.2. Doanh nghip cng hng khng 115

3. H thng cng hng khng, sn bay Vit nam 117

Chng 5: Qun l, iu hnh bay 1291. Khi qut v qun l hot ng bay 129

1.1. T chc, s dng vng tri phc v hot ng bay dn dng..................

1.2. Cp php bay 132

1.3. Phi hp qun l hot ng bay dn dng v qun s135

2. Dch v m bo hot ng bay 136

2.1. Khi qut v dch v m bo hot ng bay 1362.2. Doanh nghip cung cp dch v m bo hot ng bay137

3. H thng qun l, iu hnh hot ng bay Vit nam .............................

Chng 6: Vn chuyn hng khng v hng khng chung 148

1. Khi qut v vn chuyn hng khng 148

1.1. Th trng vn ti hng khng 148

1.2. Cc loi hnh kinh doanh vn chuyn hng khng153


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1.3. Sn phm vn ti hng khng 155

2. Doanh nghip vn chuyn hng khng 163

2.1. Khi qut v doanh nghip vn chuyn hng khng163

2.2. Cc m hnh hng hng khng 165

2.3. Khai thc vn chuyn hng khng (quyn vn chuyn)167

3. Hng khng chung 169

4. Cc doanh nghip vn chuyn hng khng Vit nam 172

4.1. Hng hng khng quc gia (Vietnam Airlines) 172

4.2. Cng ty hng khng c phn Pacific Airlines 175

4.3. Cng ty bay dch v hng khng (VASCO) 175

4.4. Cc hng hng khng t nhn 176Chng 7: Dch v hng khng 182

1. Khi qut v dch v hng khng 182

1.1. Vai tr ca dch v hng khng 182

1.2. Phn loi dch v hng khng 182

2. Doanh nghip cung cp dch v hng khng ti cng hng khng,

sn bay 1853. Cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v hng khng Vit nam .............................

3.1. Cc doanh nghip ti cng hng khng, sn bay 187

3.2. Cc doanh nghip ngoi cng hng khng, sn bay189

DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO 193

PH LC 1 195


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DANH MC CC K HIU, CH VIT TT

AOC: Giy chng nhn ngi khai thc tu bay (AOC Aircraft

Operation Certificate)

ASEAN: Hip hi cc quc gia khu vc ng Nam (Assosiation ofSouth-East Asia Nation)

CLMV: Tiu vng Cm-phu-chia, Lo, Mi-an-ma, Vit Nam

FIR: Vng thng bo bay (Flight Information Region)

GDP: Tng sn phm quc ni (Gross Domestic Product)

HKDD: Hng khng dn dngHKDDVN: Hng khng dn dng Vit Nam

HKVN: Hng khng Vit Nam

ICAO: T chc hng khng dn dng quc t (International Civil

Aviation Ornigzation)

IFR Quy tc bay bng thit b(Intrusment Flight Rule)

SFC: Tng cng ty bay dch v Vit nam (Flight Services Corporation)

SXKD: Sn xut kinh doanh

TNHH: Trch nhim hu hn

VASCO: Cng ty bay dch v hng khng Vit nam (Vietnam Air

Services Company)

VFR quy tc bay bng thit b(Vision Flight Rule)

DANH MC CC BNG

Bng 1.1: ng gp v tng quan tng trng gia ngnh HKVNvi GDP 27


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Bng 1.2: Ngun lc v sn xut kinhdoanh ca ngnh HKVN nm

2006 31

Bng 4.1: Nng lc cc cng HKVN 121

Bng 4.2: Sn lng qua cc cng hng khng nm 2007 122

Bng 4.3: Din tch t ti cc cng HKVN 123

Bng 6.1: Th trng vn ti hng khng Vit nam giai on 1990-

2007 152

Bng 6.2: S khc bit gia hng ha v dch v 156

Bng 6.3: Sn lng v th phn ca cc Hng hng khng Vit nam

nm 2007 174


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DANH MC CC HNH V, TH

Hnh 1.1: Cc yu t ngnh hng khng dn dng ngy nay 13

Hnh 1.3: Quy lut chuyn dch c cu ngun thu ca cng hng khng

19

Hnh 1.4: M hnh t chc ca Ngnh HKVN 29

Hnh 3.1: Nh khai thc c t chc bo dng nm trong 63

Hnh 3.2: Nh khai thc khng c t chc bo dng nm trong 64

Hnh 3.3: Thn my bay 66

Hnh 3.4: Mt ct ca cnh 1Hnh 3.5: Cc b phn chnh ca cnh 1

Hnh 3.6: Cu trc ui ngang 86

Hnh 3.7: Cu trc ui dc 86

Hnh 3.8: V tr cng my bay 88

Hnh 3.9: Bn lc trn my bay 89

Hnh 3.10: Qu trnh to lc nng ca cnh 90Hnh 3.11: Vn hnh ca bnh li cao 91

Hnh 3.12: Vn hnh ca cnh ph 92

Hnh 4.1: S chung mt nh ga hng khng 111

Hnh 4.2: S cc cng trnh trong cng hng khng 112

Hnh 6.1: Biu tng quan gia GNP v vn ti hng khng trn th

gii 150Hnh 6.2: Li th so snh ca cc loi hnh vn chuyn 159

Hnh 6.3: Ba cp ca sn phm vn ti hng khng 160


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Li m u

Ngnh hng khng dn dng (HKDD) c mt vai tr quan trng trong s

pht trin ca cc quc gia. N gp phn phn b cc ngun lc, sn phm,tha mn nhu cu i li ca ngi dn trong nn kinh tv l mt cu ni

quan trng cho qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t .Nhng kin thc v ngnh

HKDD l ht sc cn thit cho mi ngi cng nh kin thc c s cho vic

hc cc mn chuyn ngnh. Vit nam vic ging dy, nghin cu i vi

mn hc ny bc i hc cn mi m, cha c ti liu mang tnh h thng.Trc yu cu , nhm tc gi son tho gio trnh Khi qut v hng

khng dn dng.

Khi qut ngnh HKDD l tng th cc khi nim, nguyn tc, quy nh,

quy trnhv cc yu t cu thnh nn ngnh HKDD v mi quan h giachng. Mc tiu ca gio trnh ny cung cp cc kin thc c bn v ngnh

HKDD ni chung v ngnh HKDD Vit nam ni ring, lm c s cho vic

hc tp, nghin cu cc mn hc chuyn ngnh cng nh h tr trong vic

qun l, iu hnh cc doanh nghip trong ngnh HKDD. Ni dung ca gio

trnh gm 7 chng sau y:Chng 1: Tng quan v ngnh HKDD

Chng 2: Qun l nh nc v HKDD

Chng 3: Tu bay v cng nghip hng khng

Chng 4: Cng hng khng, sn bay

Chng 5: Qun l, iu hnh bayChng 6: Vn chuyn hng khng v hng khng chung


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Chuyn bay lch s nm 1903

Chng 7: Dch v hng khng

hon thnh gio trnh ny nhm tc gi nghin cu cc ti liu v

ngnh HKDD th gii, cng nh ti liu v cc quy nh ca php lut hin

hnh ca HKDD Vit nam, ng thi s dng cc phng quan st, tho lun

vi cc chuyn gia tng tin cy. Nhm tc gi xin chn thnh cm n

Hc vin hng khng Vit nam (HKVN), Cc HKVN, Tng cng ty HKVN

cng nh cc doanh nghip khc trong ngnh HKVN gip , h tr v

cung cp ti liu hon thnh gio trnh ny.

Tuy nhin nhng kin thc v ngnh HKDD l kh rng, phc tp, mi

m v thay i rt nhanh. V vy gio trnh c th c nhng hn ch, thiu stnht nh. Nhm tc gi rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca cc c

gi gio trnhngy cng hon thin.

TP TH TC GI

Chng 1: Tng quan v ngnh hngkhng dn dng

1. Tng quan v HKDD trn th gii

1.1. Lch s pht trin ngnh HKDD

Chuyn bay ca chic my bay u tin

Ngnh hng khng trn th gii

c bit n t u th k 20, khi anh em

nh Wright bay thnh cng trn mt


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chic my bay t thit k ch to c gn ng cvo ngy 17 thng 12 nm

1903. Chic my bay ch bay c qung ng ngn do gp vn v iu

khin.

Qu trnh nghin cu th nghim v phc v cho mc ch qun s

trong 2 cuc chin tranh th gii

Mt thp nin sau , vo u nht th chin,my bay trang b ng

c tr nn thit thc trong vi tr my bay trinh st, ch im pho binh v

i khi l tn cng vo cc c im ti mt t. Trong giai on ny, nhng

kh cu iu khin c s dng nhiu nht vi nhiu mc ch.

S tin b ln ca khoa hc cngngh m rng s pht trin ca lnh vc

hng khng trong sut nhng nm 1920-

1930, nh chuyn bay xuyn i Ty

Dng ca Charles Lindbergh vo nm

1927. Mt trong s nhng thit k my bay

thnh cng nht ca thi k gia 2 cuc i

chin l Douglas DC-3, n tr thnh my

bay dn dng loi ln u tin mang li li nhun ch bng hnh thc vn

chuyn hnh khch. Do s bng n ca Chin tranh th gii II,nhiu thnh

ph v th ln xy dng ccsn bay,v c nhiu phi cng trnh

gia nhp qun i li my bay chin u. Chin tranh mang nnhiu s cch tn cho hng khng, bao gm nhngmy bay phn lcu tin

vtn lanhin liu lng.

T chc Hng khng dn dng Quc t c thnh lp

Thng 11 nm 1944 ti Hi ngh v HKDD th

gii Chicago, T chc HKDD Quc t

My bay Douglas DC-3
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%87_nh%E1%BA%A5t_th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_T%C3%A2y_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_T%C3%A2y_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_T%C3%A2y_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lindbergh&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1y_bay_d%C3%A2n_d%E1%BB%A5ng_lo%E1%BA%A1i_l%E1%BB%9Bn&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1y_bay_d%C3%A2n_d%E1%BB%A5ng_lo%E1%BA%A1i_l%E1%BB%9Bn&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1y_bay_d%C3%A2n_d%E1%BB%A5ng_lo%E1%BA%A1i_l%E1%BB%9Bn&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_bayhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_bayhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_bayhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_chi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_ph%E1%BA%A3n_l%E1%BB%B1chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_ph%E1%BA%A3n_l%E1%BB%B1chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%ADahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%ADahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%ADahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%ADahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_ph%E1%BA%A3n_l%E1%BB%B1chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_chi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_bayhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1y_bay_d%C3%A2n_d%E1%BB%A5ng_lo%E1%BA%A1i_l%E1%BB%9Bn&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1y_bay_d%C3%A2n_d%E1%BB%A5ng_lo%E1%BA%A1i_l%E1%BB%9Bn&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lindbergh&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_T%C3%A2y_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_T%C3%A2y_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%87_nh%E1%BA%A5t_th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn


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(International Civil Aviation Organization,vit tt:ICAO) c thnh lp vi

s tham gia ca 52 nc. y l mt t chc thucLin Hip Qucchu trch

nhim son tho v a ra cc quy nh v hng khng trn ton th gii.

Hng khng dn dng pht trin

Sau chin tranh th gii II, c bit Bc M, c mt s bng n tronghng khng thng thng, c t nhn ln thng mi, khi hng nghn phi

cng c gii ng v nhiu my bay vn ti, hun luyn ca qun i d

tha khng c s dng n nn chng c bn i v khng t lm.

Cc hng ch to my bay nhCessna,Piper,vBeechcraft m rng sn xut

cung cp my bay hng nh cho th trng giai cp tiu t sn mi.Vo thp nin 1950, vic pht trin

my bay phn lc dn dng dn dn tr nn

ln mnh, c bit l s ra i Boeing 707

v nm 1957 - my bay phn lc ch khch

thc y HKDD ni chung v vn ti

hng khng pht trin nhanh chng.

Cng lc ny, ngi ta y mnh vic

nghin cu pht trin ng c tuc bin

kh,bt u xut hin my bay gi r, lm cho kh nng phc v trong nhng

qung ng nh tt hn, v chng c th bay trong mi iu kin thi tit.

T thp nin 1960, vt liu composite c ng dng lm thnmy bay gip chng hot ng hiu qu hn, nhng ng c hiu sut cao tr

nn thng dng v sn c, nhng nhng sng kin quan trong nht din ra

trong lnh vc trang b my mc v iu khin my bay. Nh t in th rn,

h thng nh v ton cu,v tinh vin thng,mt thit b rt nh nhng c

sc mnh rt lnlmy tnh v mn hnhLuxeon;chng thay i ng k

bung li trn my bay dn dng v my bay qun s. Phi cng c th nh

My bay Boeing 707
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_Hi%E1%BB%87p_Qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_Hi%E1%BB%87p_Qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A0ng_kh%C3%B4ng_th%C3%B4ng_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessnahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessnahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Piper_Aircraft&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beechcraft&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_tu%E1%BB%91c_bin_kh%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_tu%E1%BB%91c_bin_kh%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_tu%E1%BB%91c_bin_kh%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1960&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1960&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_li%E1%BB%87u_compositehttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_li%E1%BB%87u_compositehttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranzitohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranzitohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_v%E1%BB%8B_to%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_v%E1%BB%8B_to%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%E1%BB%87_tinh_vi%E1%BB%85n_th%C3%B4ng&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%E1%BB%87_tinh_vi%E1%BB%85n_th%C3%B4ng&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxeonhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxeonhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxeonhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%E1%BB%87_tinh_vi%E1%BB%85n_th%C3%B4ng&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_v%E1%BB%8B_to%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranzitohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_li%E1%BB%87u_compositehttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1960&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_tu%E1%BB%91c_bin_kh%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_tu%E1%BB%91c_bin_kh%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_tu%E1%BB%91c_bin_kh%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beechcraft&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Piper_Aircraft&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessnahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A0ng_kh%C3%B4ng_th%C3%B4ng_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_Hi%E1%BB%87p_Qu%E1%BB%91c


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hng chnh xc hn v c tm nhn a hnh, vt cn v mi th khc gn

my bay trn mt bn s ha hoc tm nhn o, d trong ban m hay tm

nhn thp.

ng thi vi s pht trin ca my

bay phc v HKDD v qun s l my baybay vo khng gian vi s nh du vo

ngy12 thng 4 nm1961 khiYuri Gagarin l

ngi u tin bay vo v tr v n ngy

21 thng 6 nm 1969 Neil Armstrong

l ngi u tin t chn lnmt trng. n

ngy21 thng 6 nm2004,SpaceShipOne tr thnh my bay t nhn u tin

thc hin chuyn bay ra ngoi khng gian, m ra trin vng v th trng

hng khng ngoi khng gian.

1.2. Cc lnh vc c bn trong ngnh HKDD

Ngy nay ngnh HKDD ngy cng m rng lnh vc hot ng. V vy,

khi nim v HKDD khng ch b hp trong vn chuyn hnh khch, hng

ha v cc dch v phc v hot ng bay ti cng hng khng m m rng

sang cc lnh vc thng mi c lin quan n hot ng HKDD (xem Hnh

1.1). Cc yu t trong ngnh HKDD gm:

SpaceShipOnce

Qun l nh nc:cc cquan qun l nh nc v

hng khng v cc chc trchhng khng a phng

Cng nghiphng khng:Sn xut, sa

cha bo

Vn ti hngkhng v dch vthng mi hngkhng: Cc hng

Kt cu htng hng

khng: Cnghng khng,
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_th%C3%A1ng_4http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarinhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_th%C3%A1ng_6http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstronghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B7t_tr%C4%83nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_th%C3%A1ng_6http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scaled_Composites_SpaceShipOne&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scaled_Composites_SpaceShipOne&action=edithttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_th%C3%A1ng_6http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B7t_tr%C4%83nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B7t_tr%C4%83nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstronghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstronghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_th%C3%A1ng_6http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarinhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarinhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_th%C3%A1ng_4


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Ngun: Pht trin m hnh [5, tr.68]

Hnh 1.1: Cc yu t ngnh hng khng dn dng ngy nay

1) Qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD v cc c quan c lin quannh hi quan, ca khu, kim dch y t

2) Vn ti hng khng: Vn chuyn hnh khch, hng ha, hng khng

chung do cc nh vn chuyn/hng hng khng thc hin.

3) Kt cu h tng hng khng: Cc cng hng khng, cc sn bay, dch

v khng lu4) Cng nghip hng khng: Sn xut, bo dng tu bay, ng c,

thn, cng, cc cu kin thit b in t trn tu bay.

5) Cc dch v k thut, thng mi hng khng: Cc dch v thng

mi k thut mt t, cung ng xng du, cung ng vt t ph tng my bay,

hun luyn, o to, n ung, gii tr


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6) S dng dch v vn ti hng khng: Hnh khch v cc khch hng

c nhu cu vn chuyn hng ha, cc i l gom hng ha, ngi s dng

dch v

Trong cc yu t trn, c 5 yu t c bn c quan h cht ch vi nhau

v ph thuc ln nhau to nn sn phm HKDD. l, vn ti hng khng,

cng hng khng, qun l bay dn dng, dch v k thut thng mi hng

khng v qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD. Trong vn ti hng

khng ng vai tr trung tm, cn cc lnh vc cn li thc hin cc chc

nng khc nhau nhm m bo hot ng an ton, iu ha v hiu qu calnh vc vn ti hng khng. Vai tr trung tm ca vn ti hng khng th

hin cc kha cnh sau y:

Th nht, vn ti hng khng trc tip thc hin nhim v chnh yu ca

ngnh HKDD l vn chuyn hnh khch, hng ha bng ng hng khng.

Th hai, vn ti hng khng to nn ngun thu chnh ca ngnh HKDD

t gi cc vn chuyn, t phn phi li cho cc lnh vc khc di dng

ph v l ph.

Th ba, vn ti hng khng va l iu kin pht trin cc lnh vc

cn li va l i tng cc lnh vc ny phc v.

1.3. c trng ca ngnh HKDD

Ngnh HKDD l mt ngnh p dng khoa hc, cng ngh k thut hin

i, trnh qun l tin tin, c quy m ln v vn ln, hot ng c trong

v ngoi nc, c s gn kt cht ch gia khoa hc cng ngh, o to,nghin cu trin khai vi SXKD.


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Ngy nay, vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc cng ngh ra i

nhiu th h my bay mi c ch s kinh t k thut ngy cng tt hn, tin

nghi cho hnh khch v ngi li s dng, sn xut bng vt liu mi, p

dng cng ngh tin hc v tr tu nhn to. Cc thit b dn ng, kim sot

khng lu, khai thc ti cc cng hng khng u l nhng thit b p dng

khoa hc cng ngh tin tin, hin i. i i vi vic s sng cc thit b tin

tin hin i i hi trnh qun l, s dng cao v hm lng vn rt ln.

Ch cn so mt chic my bay khong 300 ch ngi c gi tr hn 100 triu

USD vi cc phng tin vn ti khc nh ng st, ng b, ng

thy c sc cha tng ng cho thy hm lng vn vt tri ca vn tihng khng.

Trong ngnh hng khng, vn ti hng khng l hot ng ton cu, c

tnh quc t cao. Mng ng bay ca cc hng hng khng khng nhng

trong nc, quc t khu vc m cn xuyn lc a. Vic khai thc cc ng

bay ny i hi cc hng hng phi t chc hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh ticc im khai thc. Vi vic s dng cng ngh hin i, tin tin, quy m v

lnh vc hot ng rng ln, i hi hng khng phi y mnh cng tc hun

luyn o to, c bit l cc lao ng chuyn ngnh nh ngi li, th k

thut my bay, tip vin, kim sot khng lu; ng thi phi y mnh

cng tc vic nghin cu trin khai trong SXKD.

1.4. Cc xu th pht trin ca hng khng dn dng th gii

1.4.1. T do ha vn ti hng khng

Mc d bo h hp l ca nh nc i vi vn ti hng khng quc t cc quc gia ang pht trin l cn thit trnh cc cuc cnh tranh khng


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cn sc, nhng trc yu cu hi nhp kinh t quc t buc cc quc gia ny

phi c l trnh ni lng hn ch cnh tranh, phi iu tit, tin ti t do ha

vn ti hng khng trong khu vc v th gii.

Khc vi nhng thp k trc c c trng bi iu tit nh nc

trong hotng vn ti hng khng din ra cht ch trong khun kh quc gia

v trn c s iu tit song phng, t nhng thp k cui ca th k XX n

nay c c trng bi xu th gim dn mc kim sot nh nc v dn

thay th bng t do ha cnh tranh qua cc dng sau y:

- Hip nh song phng phi iu tit, thc hin nguyn tc m ca

bu tri nh cc trng hp M-Singapore, M-Hn quc, c-New Zealand...

- Hip nh a phng, in hnh l hip nh a phng v cc quyn

thng mi ca dch v hng khng khng thng l Chu u (Paris,

30/4/1956); hip nh a phng v cc quyn thng mi ca cc dch v

hng khng khng thng l trong ASEAN (Manila, 13/3/1971); tuyn ngnYamoussoukro v chnh sch vn ti hng khng chu Phi mi

- To th trng vn ti hng khng chung, in hnh l trng hp ca

cng ng chu u (EU) vi s tham gia ca Na uy, Thy in thng 1/1994;

ca cc quc gia cng c Andean (Bolovia, Comlombia, Ecuavador, Peru v

Venezuela) thng 1/1991 Hin nay EU v M bt u cuc m phn vtha thun Bu tri m nhm t do ha hot ng hng khng xuyn i

Ty Dng.

Trong khun kh khi ASEAN, cc nc Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia

v Philippines hp tc a phng, tin ti t do ha bu tri khu vc t

gic (BIMP); cc nc khu vc ng dng thit lp hp tc tng bcm ca bu tri khu vc tiu vng Cmphuchia, Lo, Mianma v Vit nam


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(CLMV). Hin nay cc nc trong khi ASEAN ang xy dng chng trnh

hnh ng tin ti xy dng th trng hng khng ASEAN thng nht vo

nm 2015.

1.4.2. a dng ha quyn s hu, gim thiu quynkim sot ca nh

nc i vi kinh doanh vn ti v thng mi hng khng

Xu th ny th hin thng qua vic t nhn ho, c phn ho cc hng

hng khng, cc dch v trong dy truyn vn ti hng khng v cc hot ng

lin quan n vn ti hng khng nhm ct gim chi tiu ngn sch nh nc,

to ng lc cho hot ng HKDD nng cao hiu qu, tng nng lc cnhtranh, to ngun vn mi v to c hi u t cho cc doanh nghip.

Do c th ca ngnh HKDD, tr hot ng thng mi hng khng,

qu trnh t nhn ho, c phn ha cc hng hng khng thng din ra chm

chp hn v thn trng hn nhiu so vi bc i chung ca ton b nn kinh

t, c bit l bn c phn cho nc ngoithng chu s kim sot cht chca Nh nc. T l c phiu ca cc hng hng khng bn cho nc ngoi

thng c khng ch mc khng qu 49%, c nhiu khi cn thp hn.

Tuy nhin qu trnh tnhn ha v quc t ho cc hng hng khng cng

dinra mnh m v tr thnh xu th r rt k t nhng nm 80 tr li y.

Theo ti liu ca Hip hi vn ti quc t (ITF), trong thi k 1980-1992 ccu s hu i vi cc hng hng khng trn th gii c thay i ng k

theo hng tng cng s hu t nhn, t 42% nm 1980 tng ln thnh 54%

trong nm 1992; trong khi s hu nh nc i vi cc nh vn chuyn hng

khng gim t 44% xung cn 28%. Nhng nm ca thp k 90 chng

kin s t nhn ha mnh m vi s gp vn u t nc ngoi ca cc hnghng khng nh Cathay Pacific, Air New Zealand, All Nipon Airways, KLM,


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Royal Dutch Airlines, US Air Trong thi gian ny khu vc ng nam

cc hng hng khng quc gia c tn tui cng tin hnh c phn ha mnh

m ca nh: Malaysia Airlines c phn ha nm 1985 (s hu nh nc

chim 10%), Singapore Airlines c phn ha nm 1985 (s hu nh nc

chim 54%), Philippines Airlines c phn ha nm 1992 (s hu nh nc

chim 45%), Thai Airways c phn ha nm 1992 (s hu nh nc chim

93%)

Ngoi vn ti hng khng mt s quc gia cn c phn ha cc hot

ng khai thc cng, qun l iu hnh bay nh Ca-na-a, Niu-di-ln, Thi

Lan...

1.4.3. Thng mi cng hng khng v hnh thnh, cnh tranh gia

cc trung tm trung chuyn hng khng

Thng mi ha cng hng khng l mt xu hng tt yu, khch quan

do: Th nht,ngnh HKDD tng bc chuyn t hot ng cng ch l chyu tr thnh ngnh kinh t vi mc tiu thng mi l ch yu; th hai,

nhm chuyn hng huy ng vn t ngn sch nh nc sang khu vc kinh

t t nhn v nc ngoi. Tuy nhin do quy lut chuyn dch c cu ngun thu

ca cng hng khng nn vic thng mi ha cc cng hng khng trc ht

ch yu tp trung cc cng hng khng quc t v mt s cng hng khngni a nhng c lu lng hnh khch, hng ha thng qua tng i ln

(xem Hnh 1.3).

Thu hng khng

Tng thu ca cng hng khng

100%


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19

Ngun: Pht trin m hnh [5, tr.]

Hnh 1.3: Quy lut chuyn dch c cu ngun thu ca

cng hng khng

Qua qu trnh pht trin mt s cng hng khng quc t trn th gii

khng ch ng vai tr l ca ng hng khng ca quc gia m tng bc tr

thnh im dng chn trung gian trn chng ng bay t quc gia n mt

quc gia khc. V vy hnh thnh xu th to lp v cnh tranh gia cc trung

tm trung chuyn hng khng. Xu th ny din ra tt c cc khu vc nh

gia Pa-ri, Lun-n, Am-stc-am, Phrng-phuc chu u; gia T-ky-,

X-un, Hng kng, i Loan bc ; Bng Cc, Xinh-ga-po, Kua-la-lm-p

ng Nam ...

1.4.4. Hp nht, lin minh, lin kt, chuyn mn ha cc hng hng

khng

Hp nht v lin kt cc hng hng khng va l hin tng chung ca

qu trnh tch t t bn, va l hu qu tt yu ca qu trnh t do ha vn ti

hng khng. Trong iu kin t do ha cnh tranh, cc hng hng khng nh

v va nhanh chng b lm vo tnh trng ph sn hoc buc phi hp nht


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hoc lin kt li tn ti, hoc b st nhp vo cc hng hng khng ln

mnh hn, t hnh thnh cc hng hng khng khng l c tnh ton cu

(Global Mega-Camers).

Canada trong nm 1984 hng hng khng quc gia CPAir hp nht

vi 3 hng hng khng phn vi vng l EPA, Nordair v Quebecair thnh

hng hng khng CPAir. Nm 1986, hng hng khng ny li hp nht vi 2

hng khc trong nc l CAI v PWA - thnh Canadian Airlines Intemational.

n nm 1992, 3 hng hng khng ln nht nc l Air Canada, Canadian

Airlines Intl v WardAir hp nht thnh hng hng khng Mapleflot.Trongnm 1993 qu trnh ny c din ra Mhic (hp nht gia Aeromexico v

Mexicana), Phn lan (Finair thn tnh cc thnh vin ca mnh l

Finnaviation v Karair), c (Australian Airlines tr thnh b phn ca

Qantas), Trung quc st nhp 10 hng hng khng kin ton thnh 3 tp

on hng khng ln l China Airlines, Eartern Airlines v SouthernAirlines Qu trnh lin kt cc hng hng khng cng din ra ngoi khun

kh mt quc gia thng qua vic bn c phn cho nc ngoi. c bit, gn

y s st nhp gia hai tp on hng khng Air France ca Php v KLM

ca H lan thnh lp tp on hng khng mi mang tn Air France

KLM ln nht chu u thng qua quy ch chuyn i c phn gia 2 tpon. Theo , Air France KLM s hot ng theo phng thc vn duy tr

mng li, thng hiu v c s kinh doanh ca 2 tp on, trong chnh

ph Php v Air France s nm gi 81% c phn v 19% c phn cn li

thuc v KLM.


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Vic lin kt, hp nht cc hng hng khng l iu kin pht trin

thnh cc tp on hng khng, c s chuyn mn ha vn ti hng khng.

Trong tp on hng khng, cng ty m thng l hng hng khng ln.

chuyn mn ha hot ng vn ti hng khng v h tr nhau trong chin

lc cnh tranh ca tp on, cng ty m thnh lp hoc tch ra thnh cc

hng hng khng con l cc hng hng khng chuyn bay khu vc hoc

chuyn vn ti hng ha c bit l trong thi gian gn y cc tp on

hng khng ln thng cho ra i cc hng hng khng bn v gi r LCC

(Low Cost Carier). Vic t chc cc hng hng khng ny l chia s bt th

phn ca cc hng hng khng ln vn c t chcquy m, phc v hnhkhch n ni n chn khin chi ph khai thc v chi ph qun l kh cao.

Hnh thc ny l khai thc ng bay c hiu qu, m i tng khch l

nhng ngi khng i hi bt c mt tin nghi no khc ngoi mt ch ngi

khim tntrn my bay n ng ni mnh mun. V d: Qantas Airways

c Autralian Airlines, Garuda Indonesia c City Link, Japan Airlines c JapanExpress, All Nipon Airways c Air Japan, Malaysia Airlines c Air Asia, Thai

Airways c Nok Air, Singapore Airlines c Tiger Airways

Cng vi s lin kt, hp nht, cc hng hng khng ln cn tham gia

lin minh mng ng bay, h tr khai thc, bo dng Trong , r ntnht l lin minh ng bay nh lin minh Star Alliance ca 22 hng hng

khng ln vi mng ng bay n 842 im ca 152 quc gia trn th gii;

lin minh sky team Aillance ca 10 hng hng khng ln vi mng ng bay

n 728 im ca 149 quc gia trn th gii.


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Ngoi nhng lin kt, st nhp trong vn ti hng khng cn c nhng

xu th lin kt, st nhp cc hot ng kinh doanh thng mi hng khng vi

vn ti hng khng, ly vn ti hng khng lm nng ct. S lin kt v mt

hot ng c gn lin vi s hp nht v mt t chc (cng - hp nht v

hnh chnh hoc mm- hp nht trn c s quyn s hu), to nn m hnh

tp on kinh t hng khng. Nhng kiu m hnh nh vy rt ph bin

nhiu nc c ngnh HKDD pht trin trn th gii.

1.5. Vai tr ca ngnh HKDD

Vn ti hng khng thuc h thng giao thng vn ti quc gia. Cngvicc phng tin vn ti khc, vn ti hng khng c vai tr quan trng

trong vic pht trin v phn b cc ngun lc, cc sn phm, thc hin chc

nng nh h tun hon trong nn kinh t quc dn, m bo mi lin h gia

cc ngnh, cc lnh vc ca h thng kinh t- x hi. IATA nh gi vai tr

ca ngnh vn ti hng khng nh sau: Vn ti hng khng l mt trongnhng ngun lc c tnh sng cn nht ca th gii. S pht trin ca n vi

t cch l ngnh kinh t v lnh vc dch v t vn ti hngkhng vo v

tr ca mt trong nhng ngnh c ng gp ln nht vo thnh tu x hi hin

i. Vn ti hng khng l yu t cn thit cho s pht trin kinh t. Trong

mt cng ng v th trng ton cu ang tng nhanh, vn ti hng khngto iu kin vn chuyn mt cch nhanh chng hng triu ngi v t

USD hng ha n cc th trng trn ton th gii [5, tr. 75].

Trong thi i ngy nay hu ht cc ngnh, lnh vc ca mi quc gia v

ton th cng ng th gii u chu nh hng ca hot ng vn ti hngkhng mc nht nh no , trc tip hoc gin tip. C th tm lc


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nh hng ca vn ti hng khng n ton b nn kinh t quc dn ca mi

quc gia v trn quy m ton cu theo cc lnh vc sau:

- M rng hot ng kinh doanh trn phm vi ton cu

- Tng thm sc mnh ca nn kinh t quc dn

- Tc ng n tng trng kinh t

- Tc ng n lnh vc u t

- Thc y pht trin du lch quc t

- To iu kin pht trin vng lnh th

- L cu ni hi nhp quc t ca cc quc gia, th hin trn 2 khacnh: 1) l ngnh mi nhn ca nn kinh t quc dn trong hi nhp quc t,

2) thc y hi nhp ca cc ngnh kinh t khc.

2. Tng quan v ngnh hng khng Vit nam

2.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ngnh HKVN

Sau khi minBc c gii phng trong cuc chin tranh chng thc

dn Php, ngy 15/1/1956 Chnh ph thnh lp Cc HKDD theo Ngh nh

666, nh du s ra i ca ngnh HKVN. Qu trnh xy dng v pht trin

ngnh HKVN c chia lm 3 giai on sau y:

1) Giai on t nm 1956 n nm 1975

Giai on ny ngnh HKVN c t chc thnh Cc HKDD, trc thuc

B quc phng v c xy dng trong cuc chin tranh gii phng t nc.

B quc phng thc hin ng thi 3 chc nng: Quc phng, qun l nh

nc v kinh doanh vn ti hng khng. Trong nhng nm u thnh lp ton


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ngnh ch c mt vi my bay cnh qut hng va v nh nh: IL-14, AN-2,

Aero-45 Cng trong thi gian ny mt s ng bay c khai thc

Bc Vit Nam nh t Gia lm i Qung bnh, Sn la nhng Nh nc bao

cp hon ton. Nhim v chnh ca ngnh HKVN l phc v quc phng,

kinh doanh vn ti hng khng ch l nhim v th yu.

2) Giai on t nm 1976 n nm 1989

p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t v quc phng sau thng nht t

nc, ngy 11/2/1976, Tng cc hng khng dn dng Vit Nam (HKDDVN)

c thnh lp theo Ngh nh 26/CP, trc thuc Hi ng Chnh ph. Tuy

nhin trn thc t Tng Cc HKDDVN vn t di s lnh o ca Qun y

trung ng, B quc phng v c t chc nh mt n v qun i. Mc d

l mt t chc c chc nng chnh l kinh doanh vn ti hng khng nhng

giai on ny Tng cc HKDDVN hot ng hon ton theo c ch bao cp.

i my bay ca Ngnh thi gian ny c b sung thm mt s loi my

bay nh: IL-18, IL-62, DC-4, DC-6, TU134 Cc ng bay quc t ln lt

c m i Lo, Cmphuchia, Trung quc, Thi lan, Malaysia, Singapore

Song hot ng kinh doanh vn ti hng khng trong giai on ny vn t

hiu qu thp do thc hin trong bi cnh c ch bao cp v th trng hn

hp, sn lng t trung bnh khong 250.000-300.000 hnh khch/nm.

Ngy 12/4/1980 HKDDVN chnh thc tr thnh thnh vin ca T chc Hng

khng dn dng quc t (ICAO).

3) Giai on t nm 1990 n nay

y l giai on nh du nhng bc pht trin mnh m ca ngnh

HKVN c v t chc ln SXKD trong s nghip i mi kinh t ca ng v

Nh nc.


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V mt t chc, ph hp vi ng li pht trin kinh t trong tng

thi k, t nm 1989 n nay ngnh HKVN tri qua nhiu ln thay i v

t chc v c ch qun l qua cc s kin chnh sau y:

- Ngy 22/8/1989 Tng cng ty hng khng c thnh lp ln th nht

theo Quyt nh s 225/CT ca Ch tch Hi ng B trng, l mt n v

kinh t quc doanh c t chc theo iu l lin hip x nghip, trc thuc

Tng Cc HKDDVN.

- Thng 4/1993 Chnh ph thnh lp Hng hng khng quc gia

(Vietnam Airlines) v mt lot cc doanh nghip khc trc thuc Cc

HKDDVN. Thi gian ny ngnh HKVN c t chc thng nht, trong Cc HKDDVN - Trc thuc b giao thng vn ti, l c quan qun l nh

nc chuyn ngnh hng khng thc hin chc nng iu tit, qun l cc

doanh nghip trong ngnh gm Hng hng khng quc gia Vit Nam, cc

Cm cng hng khng sn bay, Trung tm qun l bay v cc doanh nghip

khc.- Ngy 27/5/1996 Chnh ph thnh lp Tng cng ty HKVN theo m

hnh Tng cng ty 91 ti quyt nh s 328/TTg trn c s ly Vietnam

Airlines lm nng ct v lin kt 20 doanh nghip hot ng kinh doanh trong

ngnh HKDDVN. Thi gian ny Cc HKDDVN trc thuc Chnh ph, thc

hin chc nng qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh hng khng i vi Tngcng ty HKVN v trc tip qun l cc Cm cng hng khng sn bay, Trung

tm qun l bay v cc n v hnh chnh s nghip. Nm 2001 Cc

HKDDVN c chuyn v trc thuc B giao thng vn ti v n nm 2003

c i tn thnh Cc hng khng Vit Nam (Cc HKVN).

- T nm 2006, Tng cng ty HKVN t chc theo m hnh cng ty mcng ty con, Cng ty m l Vietnam Airlines, theo Quyt nh s 372/Q-


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TTg ngy 4/4/2003 ca Chnh ph. Cc n v hch ton c lp c chuyn

i thnh Cng ty TNHH 1 thnh vin hoc Cng ty c phn. Trong qu trnh

chuyn i, nm 2004 Chnh ph chuyn ton b 86,49% c phn ca

Tng cng ty HKVN ti Pacific Airlines sang B ti chnh qun l v nm

2006 chuyn Cng ty dch v hng khng sn bay Tn Sn Nht (SASCO)

sang trc thuc Cm cng hng khng sn bay min Nam.

- Cng vi chnh sch i mi kinh t, t 1/1/2007 Lut HKDD sa i

c hiu lc, cho ra i nhiu hnghng khng t nhn v doanh nghip

kinh doanh khc trong ngnh HKDD. Ph hp vi Lut HKDD, trong nm

2008 cc Cm cng Hng khng sn bay min Bc, Trung, Nam c t chcli thnh Tng cng ty Cng hng khng min Bc, Trung, Nam trc thuc

B giao thng vn ti v cc Cng v hng khng min Bc, Trung, Nam trc

thuc Cc HKVN. Cng trong thi gian ny Tng cng ty m bo hot ng

bay Vit nam c thnh lp trn c s t chc li Trung tm qun l bay dn

dng Vit nam, trc thuc B giao thng vn ti.

V SXKD, Trong giai on ny i my bay ca ngnh c chuyn

i t dng cng ngh my bay Lin x (c) sang cc loi my bay hin i

ca M v phng Ty nh Boeing, Airbus, ATR, Foker. Mng ng bay

tng bc c m rng n cc chu lc trn th gii, th trng c nhng

bc tng trng cao. Cc cng hng khng sn bay v dch v qun l khng

lu cng c u t hin i ha phc v yu cu pht trin ca vn ti hng

khng. n nm 2007, ngnh HKVN khai thc khong 50 my bay, vi mng

ng bay n 41 im ca 26 quc gia, vng lnh th trn th gii v 23

ng bay n 16 tnh thnh trong c nc, vn chuyn trn 8,3 triu khch,

phc v trn 20 triu lt khch qua cc cng hng khng v iu hnh hn


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0,3 triu ln chuyn bay. y l nhng con s nh du nhng bc pht trin

mnh m ca ngnh.

2.2. Vai tr ca ngnh hng khng Vit nam

Ngnh HKVN trong nhng nm qua c bc pht trin nhanh, gp

phn m bo v p ng nhu cu vn ti ca t nc; ng gp ln vo thu

nhp ca nn kinh t quc dn v ngn sch nh nc; ng thi gp phn

thc y s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha v l mt trong nhng cu

ni quan trng cho qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t ca t nc. Trong giai

on 1995-2006, ngnh HKVN c mc tng trng cao hn mc bnh qunca c nc c v doanh thu danh ngha ln doanh thu thc. T trng ng

gp ca ngnh vo GDP trong nn kinh t ngy mt tng, t 2,3% nm 1996

ln 3,1% nm 2006 (xem Bng 1.1).

Bng 1.1: ng gp v tng quan tng trng giangnh HKVN vi GDP

Nm

C nc Ngnh hng khng Vit NamGDP gic nh1995

(t .)

TngNp

NSNN(t ng)

Doanh thuDanhngha

(t .)

Tng danhngha

Gi C1995 (t

ng)

Tngthc

% trongGDP

1995 228.892 817 5.298 5.298 2,3%

1996 250.180 9,3% 932 6.421 21,2% 5.907 11,5% 2,4%

1997 270.694 8,2% 1.132 7.265 13,1% 6.270 6,1% 2,3%

1998 286.299 5,8% 1.166 7.758 6,8% 6.152 -1,9% 2,1%

1999 299.966 4,8% 1.231 8.261 6,5% 6.195 0,7% 2,1%

2000 320.325 6,8% 1.204 9.893 19,8% 7.175 15,8% 2,2%

2001 342.412 6,9% 1.460 11.986 21,2% 8.624 20,2% 2,5%2002 366.524 7,0% 1.660 14.228 18,7% 9.848 14,2% 2,7%


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2003 393.060 7,2% 1.433 14.843 4,3% 9.974 1,3% 2,5%

2004 422.539 7,5% 1.287 20.103 35,4% 12.336 23,7% 2,9%

2005 458.032 8,4% 1.382 24.436 21,6% 13.833 12,1% 3,0%

2006 495.591 8,2% 1.580 28.500 16,6% 15.135 9,4% 3,1%

BQ 7,3% 16,5% 10,0%

Ngun:Cc HKVN [2,3]

2.3. T chc ca ngnh HKVN hin nay

Tri qua qu trnh thay i v t chc v qun l cho ph hp vi ng

li pht trin kinh t ca ng v Nh nc, cho n nay t chc ca ngnh

HKVN bao gm: Cc HKVN v cc n v s nghip; Hc vin hng khng

Vit nam; Cc Tng cng ty Cng min Bc, Trung, Nam; Tng cng ty m

bo hot ng bay; Tng cng ty Hng khng Vit nam; Pacific Airlines v cc

hng hng khng t nhn (Hnh 1.4).

1) Cc HKVN l c quan trc thuc B Giao thng vn ti, thc hin

chc nng tham mu, gip B trng B Giao thng vn ti qun l nh ncv hng khng dn dng trong phm vi c nc v l Nh chc trch hng

khng theo quy nh ca php lut. Trc thuc Cc HKVN c cc Cng v

hng khng min Bc, Trung, Nam v cc n v s nghip l Tp ch hng

khng Vit nam v Trung tm y t Hng khng.

2) Cc Tng cng ty Cng gm: Tng cng ty Cng min Bc, min

Trung v min Nam c thnh lp nm 2008, trc thuc B giao thng vn

ti, trn c s t chc li Cm cng hng khng sn bay min Bc, min

Trung v min Nam. Cc Tng cng ty Cng thc hin chc nng u t,

qun l, khai thc, kinh doanh cc cng hng khng, sn bay v kinh doanh

cc dch v hng khng v phi hng khng ti sn bay.


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Ngun:Pht trin t nghin cu Ngnh HKVN

Hnh 1.4: M hnh t chc ca Ngnh HKVN

3) Tng cng ty m bo hot ng bay Vit nam: c thnh lp nm

2008, trc thuc B giao thng vn ti, trn c s t chc li Trung tm qun

l bay dn dng Vit nam. Tngcng ty m bo hot ng bay Vit nam

thc hin chc nng cung ng dch v cng ch bo m hot ng bay, u

t m bo trang thit b bo m hot ng bay v sn xut cc linh kin ph

tng vt t bo m bay.

Cc cng tycon

Cc cng ty

lin kt

T ng cng tyHKVN

CHNH PH

CcTngcng

tyCng

T. cngty mbohotngbay

HcvinHngkhng

B giao thngvn ti

Cc HKVN

Cc n vs nghip

Cc Cngv hngPacificAirlinesv cc

hng HKt nhn


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4) Hc vin hng khng Vit nam c thnh lp ngy 17/7/2006 trn c

s Trng hng khng Vit Nam. Hc vin hng khng Vit nam thc hin

chc nng o to ngun nhn lc chuyn ngnh hng khng.

5) Tng cng ty Hng khng Vit nam: c thnh lp ngy 27/05/1996,

theo m hnh Tng cng ty 91 trc thuc Chnh ph l Tng cng ty nh nc

c quy m ln, ly vn ti hng khng lm nng ct. Nm 2006 Tng cng ty

HKVN chuyn sang t chc v hot ng theo m hnh cng ty m - cng ty

con. Cng ty m l Tng cng ty HKVN (Vietnam Airlines Coporation vit tt

l Vietnam Airlines). Tng cng ty HKVN thc hin kinh doanh vn ti hng

khng v cc dch v ng b trong dy chuyn vn ti hng khng, ng thi

kinh doanh a ngnh ngh thng qua vic u t vn vo cc doanh nghip

khc l cng ty con hoc cng ty lin kt. Trong Tng cng ty HKVN c 2

doanh nghip vn ti hng khng l Hng hng khng quc gia Vit nam

(Vietnam Airlines) v Cng ty bay dch v hng khng (VASCO). Tnh n

nm 2008, Tng cng ty HKVN u t vn vo khong 16 cng ty con v 5

cng ty lin kt l cc doanh nghip cung cp cc dch v thng mi hng

khng v cc lnh vc ngoi hng khng.

6) Jestar - Pacific Airlines v cc hng hng khng t nhn: Cng ty hng

khng c phn Pacific Airlines c thnh lp ngy 13/4/1991 l doanh nghip

vn ti hng khng ca Vit Nam, cc c ng u l DNNN. Sau nhiu nm

hot ng khng hiu qu v thay i c ng, n nm 2007 Qantas ng

k mua li 30% c phn ca Pacific Airlines v n nm 2008 Pacific Airlines

i tn thnh JestarPacific Airlines v s dng thng hiu Jetstar Pacific.

Cng trong thi gian ny mt s hng hng khng t nhn ra i theo Lut


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HKDDVN nh: VietJet Air, Indochina Airlines, Mekong Aviation, Trai Thien

Air Cargo

V quy m, Tng cng ty HKVN c quy m v ngun lc v sn xut

kinh doanh ln nht trong ton ngnh HKVN, tip n l lnh vc cng hng

khng, sn bay v qun l, iu hnh bay. Tnh ti thi im nm 2006, Tng

cng ty HKVN chim n 68,3% ti sn, 65,4% lao ng v 84,3% doanh thu

trong ton ngnh. S liu tng ng ca lnh vc cng hng khng, sn bay l

24,4%, 21,8% v 8%; qun l, iu hnh bay l 6,3%, 8% v 5,3%. Trong

Tng cng ty HKVN th Vietnam Airlines chim t trng ch yu vi (xemBng 1.2).

Bng 1.2: Ngun lc v snxut kinh doanh ca

ngnh HKVN nm 2006

STT

Nidung

nv

tnh

Tng cng tyHKVN

Cnghng

khng,sn bay

Qunl,

iuhnhbay

Doanhnghip,

lnhvckhc

Tngton

ngnhHKVN

Tngs

VietnamAirlines

1. Ti snT

ng18.097 13.375 6.474 1.673 256 26.500

T trng % 68,3 50,5 24,4 6,3 1,0 1002.

Laong

Ngi 14.955 9.400 4.977 1.832 1.089 22.853

T trng % 65,4 41,1 21,8 8,0 4,8 100

3.Doanhthu

Tng

23.600 17.500 2.248 1.473 679 28.000

T trng % 84,3 60,7 8,0 5,3 2,4 100

Ngun:Cc HKVN [2,3]


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TM TT CHNG1

Ngnh hng khng trn th gii c bit n vo ngy 17/12/1903, khianh em nh Wright bay thnh cng trn mt chic my bay t thit k ch

to c gn ng c. Nhng nm tip theo l qu trnh nghin cu th

nghim v phc v cho mc ch qun s trong 2 cuc chin tranh th gii.

Thng 11 nm 1944 T chc HKDD Quc t (ICAO) c thnh lp chu

trch nhim son tho v a ra cc quy nh v hng khng trn ton thgii. Ngnh HKDD ch thc s pht trin mnh sau chin tranh th gii II,

nht l Bc M, c bit l s ra i Boeing 707 v nm 1957. T n

nay hng KHDD khng ngng pht trin v quy m ln cng ngh vi cc th

h my bay mi hin i v c my bay bay vo khng gianv tr.

Ngy nay khi nim v ngnh HKDD khng ch b hp trong vnchuyn hnh khch, hng ha v cc dch v phc v hot ng bay ti cng

hng khng m m rng sang cc lnh vc thng mi c lin quan n

hot ng HKDD. N bao gm 5 yu t c bn c quan h cht ch v ph

thuc ln nhau. l, vn ti hng khng, cng hng khng, qun l bay dn

dng, dch v k thut thng mi hng khng v qun l nh nc chuynngnh HKDD. Trong vn ti hng khng gi vai tr trung tm.

Ngnh HKDD l mt ngnh p dng khoa hc, cng ngh k thut hin

i, trnh qun l tin tin, c quy m ln v vn ln, hot ng c trong

v ngoi nc, c s gn kt cht ch gia khoa hc cng ngh, o to,

nghin cu trin khai vi SXKD. Ngnh HKDD gi mt vai tr quan trngtrong s pht trin ca cc quc gia. Vi vai tr l mt phng thc vn ti,
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5


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n c vai tr quan trng trong vic gp phn pht trin v phn b cc ngun

lc, cc sn phm v tha mn nhucu i li ca hnh khch trong nn kinh

t.

Ngnh HKVN ra i nm 1956 khi Chnh ph thnh lp Cc HKDD.

Qu trnh xy dng v pht trin ngnh HKVN tri qua 3 giai on ph hp

vi qu trnh xy dng v pht trin t nc. Cho n nay t chc ca ngnh

HKVN bao gm: Cc HKVN v cc n v s nghip; Hc vin hng khng

Vit nam; Cc Tng cng ty Cng min Bc, Trung, Nam; Tng cng ty m

bo hot ng bay; Tng cng ty Hng khng Vit nam; Jetsatr - Pacific

Airlines v cc hng hng khng t nhn. Mng ng bay i tu bay, ctcu h tng ca ngnh ngy cng c m rng v hin i ha. Nhng nm

qua, ngnh HKVN c bc pht trin nhanh, ng gp ln vo thu nhp

ca nn kinh t quc dn v ngn sch nh nc; gp phn thc y s nghip

cng nghip ha, hin i ha v l mt cu ni quan trng cho qu trnh hi

nhp kinh t quc t ca t nc.

CU HI N TP CHNG 1

1. Hy nu nhng s kin lch s chnh ca ngnh hng khng dn dng

th gii?

2. Cho bit cc lnh vc c bn trong ngnh HKDD? Theo bn lnh vc

no gi vai tr trung tm? Ti sao?

3. Nu tm tt nhng c trng ca ngnh HKDD v cc xu th pht

trin chnh trong ngnh HKDD ngy nay?


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4. Lch s pht trin ngnh HKVN c th chia lm my giai on? c

trng c bn ca mi giaion ny l g?

5. Trnh by khi qut v t chc ca ngnh HKVN hin nay? Theo bn

n v no c quy m v ngun lc v sn xut kinh doanh ln nht trong

ngnh HKVN hin nay?


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Chng 2: Qun l nh nc v hng khng

dn dng

1. Tng quan v qun lnh nc v HKDD

1.1. S cn thit ca qun l nh nc v HKDD

Nh nc vi vai tr qun l nn kinh t cn thit phi qun l cc

ngnh, cc lnh vc pht trin kinh t quc gia. L mt ngnh trong nn

kinh t quc dn, Nh nc cn thit phi qunl ngnh HKDD m bo

pht trin theo ng li, chnh sch v quy hoch giao thng vn ti.

Tuy nhin do vn ti hng khng va l yu t cu thnh ca h thng

giao thng vn ti quc gia, va l ngnh kinh t c lp v mang tnh quc t

cao nn cng tc qun l nh nc i vi ngnh HKDD ni chung v vn ti

hng khng ni ring c nhng nt c th ring. V vy, ngoi vic qun l

v chin lc, quy hoch, chnh sch... nh cc ngnh kinh t khc, Nh nc

cn phi thc hin qun l chuyn ngnhv HKDD nhm va m bo x l

hi ho gia yu cu pht trin chung ca h thng giao thng vn ti, bo

m cho cc hot ng vn ti hng khng c an ton, va x l hi ho

mi quan h gia bo v ch quyn quc gia vi pht trin giao lu quc t

bng ng hng khng. Mt khc, i vi cc quc gia ang pht trin, hi

nhp quc t lun c tnh 2 mt, va to c hi mi, va to ra thch thc v

nguy c nn qun l nh nc i vi ngnh HKDD cn phi bo h hp l

nhm tn dng c hi, n trnh cc nguy c cho ngnh HKDD.


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1.2. Ni dung v trch nhim qun l nh nc v HKDD

Xut pht t s cn thit trn, qun l nh nc v HKDD bao gm c

qun l nh nc ni chung ln qun l nh nc v chuyn ngnh HKDD.

Ni dung qun l nh nc v HKDD Vit nam c quy nh ti iu 8

Lut HKDD Vit nam, gm:

1) Ban hnh vn bn quy phm php lut, tiu chun, quy trnh v

HKDD.

2) Xy dng, ch o thc hin chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch v

chnh sch pht trin ngnh HKDD.

3) Qun l v hot ng bay dn dng trong lnh th Vit Nam v

vng thng bo bay, h thng k thut, trang b, thit b bo m hot ng

bay.

4) Quy hoch, qun l vic t chc khai thc cng hng khng, sn bay;

ch tr, phi hp hot ng ca cc c quan qun l nh nc v ca cc t

chc khc ti cng hng khng, sn bay.

5) Qun l hot ng vn chuyn hng khng.

6) ng k tu bay v ng k cc quyn i vi tu bay.

7) Qun l vic thit k, sn xut, bo dng, xut khu, nhp khu tu

bay, ng c tu bay, cnh qut tu bay, trang b, thit b ca tu bay v cctrang b, thit b, vt t khc phc v hot ng HKDD.

8) Cp, cng nhn chng ch, giy php, giy chng nhn v cc giy t,

ti liu khc lin quan n hot ng HKDD.


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9) Qun l vic bo m an ninh, an ton cho hot ng HKDD; t chc

v bo m an ninh, an ton cc chuyn bay chuyn c, cc chuyn bay c

bit.

10) Qun l hot ng tm kim, cu nn v iu tra s c, tai nn tu

bay.

11) Hp tc quc t v HKDD.

12) Qun l vic o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc ca ngnh HKDD.

13) Qun l hot ng khoa hc, cng ngh trong lnh vc HKDD; bo

v mi trng trong hot ng HKDD.

14) Kim tra, thanh tra, gii quyt khiu ni, t co v x l vi phm

trong hot ng HKDD.

Trch nhim qun l nh nc v hng khng dn dng Vit nam

c quy nh ti iu 9 Lut HKDD Vit nam, gm:

1) Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v hng khng dn dng.

2) B Giao thng vn ti chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph thc hin

qun l nh nc v hng khng dn dng.

3) B Quc phng c trch nhim qun l v bo v vng tri Vit

Nam; gim st hot ng bay dn dng; phi hp vi B Giao thng vn ti

trong vic t chc v s dng vng tri phc v hot ng hng khng dn

dng.

4) B, c quan ngang b trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh

c trch nhim phi hp vi B Giao thng vn ti thc hin qun l nh

nc v hng khng dn dng theo quy nh ca Chnh ph.


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5) U ban nhn dn cc cp trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca

mnh thc hin qun l nhnc v hng khng dn dng ti a phng.

1.3. Qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD

1.3.1. C cu qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD

Qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD l nhng ni dung qun l nh

nc c trng ring cho ngnh HKDD do c quan qun l nh nc chuyn

ngnh v HKDD thc hin (nh chc trch hng khng) nhm va m bo

x l hi ho gia yu cu pht trin chung ca h thng giao thng vn ti,bo m cho cc hot ng vn ti hng khng c an ton, va x l hi

ho mi quan h gia bo v ch quyn quc gia vi pht trin giao lu quc

t bng ng hng khng.

C cu qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD bao gm qun l nhnc chuyn ngnh HKDD trung ng v qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh

v HKDD ti a phng.

Qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD trung ng, thng l c

quan HKDD (Civil Aviation Authority), thc hin chc nng qun l nh

nc chuyn ngnh HKDD trong phm vi ton quc.

Qun l nh nc v HKDD ti a phng, thng l nh chc trch

hang khng sn bay (Airport Authority), thc hin chc nng qun l nh

nc chuyn ngnh HKDDti cc cng hng khng, sn bay.


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1.3.2. c trng ca qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD

c trng ch yu ca qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD c th

hin thng qua 2 chnh sch vn ti hng khng l chnh sch iu tit v bo

h vn ti hng khng.

a) Chnh sch iu tit vn ti hng khng

Chnh sch iu tit vn ti hng khng c thc hin bng cng c

ch yu l qua quyn vn chuyn. Quyn vn chuyn hng khng (thng gi

l thng quyn) l quyn khai thc thng mi vn chuyn hng khng vicc iu kin v hng hng khng, ng bay, tu bay khai thc, chuyn bay

v i tng vn chuyn.

Thng quyn l yu t rt quan trng ca mt quc gia, th hin ch

quyn ca qucgia i vi vic khai thc thng mi lnh th ca mnh

bng ng hng khng. Thng qua quyn vn chuyn nh nc c th iu

tit vn ti hng khng ca quc gia mnh nhm hn ch hoc thc y cnh

tranh va bo h hp l cc hng hng khng trong nc, va to iu kin

pht trin giao lu quc t bng ng hng khng v bo v ch quyn quc

gia. Hin nay phn ln cc quc gia u ch cp quyn vn chuyn ni a cho

cc hang hng khng trong nc, cn quyn vn chuyn quc t c trao i

qua cc hip nh song phng v a phng theo nguyn tc bo m s

cng bng, bnh ngv c hi khai thc, v quyn li v ngha v gia cc

hng hng khng trong nc v cc hng hng khng nc trao i thng

quyn.


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nc ta, n nm 2008, k ktHip nh hng khng vi 56 nc

v vng lnh th, trong c tt c cc cng quc kinh t trn th gii. y

l c s php l quan trng cc hng HKVN v cc nc lin quan m ng

bay tha thun. Bn cnh cc hip nh hng khng song phng, Vit Nam

cng tham gia cc hip nh hng khng a phng nh Hip nh a phng

v vn ti hng khng Cmphuchia, Lo, Miama, Vit Nam (CLMV). Ph

hp vi xu th hi nhp ca t nc, trong nhng nm qua Vit Nam, bt

u p dng chnh sch vn ti hng khng theo hng t do ha trong nc

cng nh vi cc nc khu vc trn c s song phng cng nh a phng,

tng bc ni lng cc hn ch cnh tranh, thc hin phi iu tit c l trnhm bo va bo h mt cch hp l va thc y cc doanh nghip vn ti

HKVN pht trin, tin ti tng bc m ca bu tri theo xu th khu vc v

trn th gii.

b) Chnh sch bo h vn ti hng khng

Chnh sch bo h vn ti hng khng ch yu c cc quc gia thc

hin vi vn ti hng khng quc t. S hi nhp quc t trong lnh vc vn

ti hng khng i hi tng bc phi t do ha cnh tranh trn th trng vn

ti hng khng quc t. i vi cc hng hng khng cn c nhng khong

cch tt hu so vi i th cnh tranh trc tip th vic m ca hon ton butri s e da trc tip n kh nng tn ti v pht trin ca hng. V vy, cc

quc gia cn phi c chnh sch cnh tranh v bo h hp l va thc y

cc hng hng khng ca mnh pht trin v cnh tranh mt cch hiu qu.

Cc chnh sch bo h i vi vn ti hng khng quc t thng c cc

quc gia xem xt gm:


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- Bo h nh nc i vi th trng v gi cc vn ti hng khng

quc t, ch yu qua hip nh vn ti hng khng song phng. Trn c s

hip nh song phng, bo h nh nc v th trng v gi cc vn ti

hng khng quc t m bo c hi bnh ng v cng bng cho 2 quc gia,

th hin qua cc ni dung nh: Ch nh mt hoc mt s hng hng khng

c quyn khai thc trn th trng vn ti hng khng; xc nh tng s ti

c php cung ng v quyn khai thc thng mi cho cc hng hng khng

c ch nh, qua khng ch i th cnh tranh trc tip cung ng lng

ti qu mong mun, lch ct h, cnh; thit lp v iu tit mc gi cc

vn ti hng khng quc t gia cc hng hng khng

- Bo h nh nc v gi thnh vn ti hng khng quc t qua cc u

i v gi/ph v cc dch v ti sn bay (ph ct h cnh, iu hnh bay, nh

ga, sn u) cho cc hng hng khng cn c bo h nhm gip hng ny

gim c gi thnh cnh tranh c vi i th ca mnh.

2. C quan qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh v HKDD Vit nam

Qua qu trnh pht trin, n nay c quan qun l chuyn ngnh v

HKDD Vit nam trung ng l Cc Hng khng Vit nam v cng hng

khng, sn bay l cc Cng v hng khng.

2.1.B giao thng vn ti

B Giao thng vn ti l c quan ca Chnh ph, thc hin chc nng

qun l Nh nc v giao thng vn ti ng b, ng st, ng sng,

hng hi v hng khng trong phm vi c nc; qun l nh nc cc dch v

cng v thc hin i din ch s hu phn vn ca nh nc ti doanh


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nghip c vn nh nc thuc B qun l theo quy nh ca php lut. B

Giao thng vn ti chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph thc hin qun l nh

nc v HKDD.

2.2. Cc hngkhng Vit nam

Cc HKVN l c quan trc thuc B Giao

thng vn ti, thc hin chc nng tham mu, gip

B trng B Giao thng vn ti qun l nh nc v

hng khng dn dng trong phm vi c nc v l

Nh chc trch hng khng theo quy nh ca php lut. Cc Hng khngVit Nam c tn giao dch vit bng ting Anh: CIVIL AVIATION

ADMINISTRATION OF VIETNAM, vit tt l: CAAV. Nhim v v quyn

hn ca Cc Hng khng Vit Nam c quy nh ti Quyt nh s

94/2009/Q-TTg ngy 16/7/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph. C th nh sau:

1. Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti ban hnh theo thmquyn hoc B trng B Giao thng vn ti trnh Th tng Chnh ph

chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch di hn, 5 nm v hng nm, cc chng

trnh, d n quc gia, cc n pht trin thuc ngnh hng khng dn dng

trong phm vi c nc.

2. Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti d tho vn bnquy phm php lut v hng khng dn dng.

3. Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti ban hnh tiu

chun, nh mc kinh t - k thut, quy chun k thut chuyn ngnh hng

khng dn dng; ban hnh tiu chun c s chuyn ngnh hng khng dn

dng, tiu chun nhn vin hng khng.


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4. T chc thc hin vn bn quy phm php lut, chin lc, quy

hoch, k hoch, tiu chun, quy chun k thut, nh mc kinh t - k thut

chuyn ngnh sau khi c cp c thm quyn ph duyt, ban hnh; quy nh

vic p dng c th tiu chun, quy trnh k thut, quy ch khai thc, ti liu

nghip v ph hp vi php lut v hng khng dn dng; cng b, pht hnh

trong nc v quc t cc thng tin, thng bo lin quan n hot ng hng

khng dn dng.

5. T chc thng tin tuyn truyn, ph bin v gio dc php lut v

hng khng.

6. Ban hnh ch th, hun lnh, thc hin cc bin php khn cp baogm c vic nh ch chuyn bay v hot ng ca phng tin, thit b, nhn

vin hng khng bo m an ninh, an ton hng khng v duy tr hot ng

ng b ca dy chuyn vn chuyn hng khng; t chc h thng gim st,

qun l an ninh, an ton, cung cp dch v hng khng, tm kim cu nn,

khn nguy sn bay; b nhim gim st vin thc hin chc nng gim st,bo m an ninh, an ton hng khng.

7. Tng hp, phn tch v nh gi bo co s c, tai nn tu bay;kim

tra, gim st vic khc phc s c, tai nn tu bay v thc hin cc bin php

phng nga s c, tai nn tu bay; iu tra s c, tai nn tu bay theo phn

cng ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti.8. V cng tc bo m chuyn bay chuyn c

a) L u mi tip nhn, trin khai nhim v bo m chuyn bay

chuyn c trong ngnh hng khng dn dng;

b) Gim st vic tun th quy chun k thut, bo m an ninh, an ton

hng khng i vi chuyn bay chuyn c theo quy nh ca php lut;c) Cp php bay cho chuyn bay chuyn c theo quy nh ca php lut.


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9. V qun l cng hng khng, sn bay:

a) Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti n quy hoch

tng th pht trin h thng cng hng khng, sn bay ton quc, quy hoch

chi tit cng hng khng, sn bay quc t, quy hoch chi tit cng hng khng,

sn bay ni a B trng B Giao thng vn ti quyt nh theo thm

quyn hoc trnh Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh;

b) Ban hnh quy trnh lm th tc i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hng

ha, bu phm, bu kin, th ti cng hng khng, sn bay trn c s thng

nht vi cc c quan thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh lin

quan.c) Ch tr, phi hp hot ng ti cng hng khng, sn bay theo phn

cp ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti;

d) Thm nh ngh m, ng cng hng khng, sn bay; cng b vic

m, ng, m li cng hng khng, sn bay v ngh B trng B Giao

thng vn ti quyt nh vic tm thi ng, m li cng hng khng, sn baytheo quy nh ca php lut;

) Qun l vic s dng, khai thc t cng hng khng, sn bay theo

quy nh ca php lut; phi hp vi y ban nhn dn cc cp v c quan c

thm quyn qun l khu vc ln cn cng hng khng, sn bay; ch o vic

cung cp dch v ti cng hng khng, sn bay;e) Cp, cp li, b sung, sa i, thu hi Giy chng nhn ng k cng

hng khng, sn bay, Giy php kinh doanh cng hng khng, sn bay, Giy

chng nhn khai thc cng hng khng, sn bay v Giy php cung cp dch

v hng khng ti cng hng khng, sn bay theo phn cp ca B trng B

Giao thng vn ti;


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g) Kim tra, gim st vic xy dng, ci to, nng cp, bo dng, sa

cha cng trnh, lp t h thng k thut, thit b ti cng hng khng, sn

bay;

h) Cp, cng nhn hiu lc, giahn, thu hi, hy b hoc nh ch s

dng giy php hot ng ca h thng k thut, thit b khai thc ti cng

hng khng, sn bay theo phn cp ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti;

i) iu phi gi h, ct cnh ti cng hng khng, sn bay.

10. V qun l vn chuyn hng khng

a) Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti quy hoch pht

trin doanh nghip vn chuyn hng khng Vit Nam; t chc thc hin ccbin php pht trin th trng vn ti hng khng;

b) Thm nh h s ng k cp, cpli, iu chnh, sa i v ngh

thu hi Giy php kinh doanh vn chuyn hng khng;

c) Cp, cp li, iu chnh, sa i, thu hi Giy php kinh doanh hng

khng chung v Giy chng nhn ng k hot ng hng khng chung;d) Cp, thu hi Giy php m vn phng i din, chi nhnh, vn phng

bn v cho hng hng khng nc ngoi; cp Giy chng nhn ng k hp

ng ch nh i l bn v, Giy chng nhn ng k xut vn n hng

khng th cp theo phn cp ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti;

) Ban hnh quy tc vn chuyn hng khng, kinh doanh dch v vnchuyn hng khng; t chc ng k iu l vn chuyn ca cc hng hng

khng.

e) T chc cp, thu hi, iu chnh quyn khai thc vn chuyn hng

khng; ph duyt cc hp ng hp tc lin quan n quyn vn chuyn hng

khng; chp thun vic thu, cho thu tu bay gia t chc c nhn Vit Namv t chc, c nhn nc ngoi; trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti ch


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nh hng hng khng Vit Nam l doanh nghip nh nc khai thc ng

bay ncc vng c nhu cu thit yu v vn chuyn hng khng cng cng;

g) T chc kim tra, gim st vic tun th quy nh ca php lut v

kinh doanh vn chuyn hng khng.

11. V tu bay v qun l khai thc tu bay

a) T chc vic ng k quc tch tu bay v ng k cc quyn i vi

tu bay;

b) Ban hnh hoc tha nhn tiu chun p dng i vi tu bay, trang b,

thit b lp trn tu bay, thit b, vt t tiu chun, vt t tiu hao phc v

cng tc sa cha, bo dng tu bay;c) Hng dn thc hin, kim tra, gim st vic thit k, sn xut, th

nghim, khai thc, sa cha, bo dng tu bay, trang b, thit b lp trn tu

bay, thit b, vt t tiu chun, vt t tiu hao phc v cng tc sa cha, bo

dng tu bay;

d) Cp, gia hn, cng nhn, thu hi, nh ch hiu lc Giy chng nhnloi cho tu bay, ng c v cnh qut tu bay; ph chun trang b, thit b lp

tru tu bay, thit b, vt t tiu chun, vt t tiu hao phc v cng tc sa

cha, bo dng tu bay;

) Cp, gia hn, cng nhn,thu hi, nh ch hiu lc Giy chng nhn

ngi khai thc tu bay, Giy chng nhn iu kin bay ca tu bay v ccchng ch, giy php khc lin quan n iu kin bay ca tu bay, iu

kin khai thc tu bay;

e) Cp, gia hn, thu hi, nh ch hiu lc Giy php hot ng ca c

s thit k, sn xut, bo dng, th nghim tu bay, ng c, cnh qut tu

bay, trang b, thit b lp trn tu bay, thit b, vt t tiu chun, vt t tiu haophc v cng tc sa cha, bo dng tu bay;


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g) Ph chun, chp thun c s bo dng v chng trnh bo dng

tu bay, ng c, cnh qut v trang b, thit b trn tu bay.

12. V qun l hot ng bay

a) Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti phng n thit lp,

iu chnh, hy b, cng b ng hng khng, vng tri sn bay dn dng,

sn bay dng chung B trng B Giao thng vn ti quyt nh theo thm

quyn hoc trnh Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh;

b) Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti phng n thit lp,

iu chnh khu vc bay phc v hot ng hng khng chung B trng

B Giao thng vn ti ngh B trng B Quc phng quyt nh;c) Thm nh n thnh lp doanh nghip cung cp dch v bo m

hot ng bay;

d) Qun l vic t chc khai thc ng hng khng, vng tri sn bay

dn dng, khu vc bay hot ng hng khng chung trong vng tri Vit

Nam, vng thng bo bay do Vit Nam qun l;) Thit lp, iu chnh, hy b, cng b khu vc trch nhim ca c s

cung cp dch v bo m hot ng bay; cng b hoc thng bo khu vc

cm bay, khu vc hn ch bay, khu vc nguy him, khu vc x nhin liu, th

hnh l, hng ha dnh cho tu bay dn dng;

e) Ban hnh quy ch bay, phng thc bay cho hot ng bay dn dng,danh mc sn bay d b phc v cho hot ngbay dn dng trong nc v

quc t, cc ti liu hng dn lin quan n qun l hot ng bay;

g) Cp php bay cho hot ng bay dn dng theo quy nh php lut;

h) Cp Giy php khai thc cho h thng k thut, thit b bo m hot

ng bay, c s cung cp dch v bo m hot ng bay; giao nhim v, kkt hp ng v kim tra, gim st vic cung cp dch v bo m hot ng


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bay, dch v bay hiu chun theo phn cp ca B trng B Giao thng vn

ti;

i) Qun l chng ngi vt hng khng theo quy nh ca php lut;

cng b b mt gii hn chng ngi vt v danh mc chng ngi vt t

nhin, nhn to c th nh hng n an ton ca hot ng bay;

k) Ch tr, phi hp vi c quan, n v ca B Quc phng v c quan

c lin quan khc trong vic t chc s dng vng tri, quy ch bay khu vc

sn bay dng chung ca cng hng khng quc t, lp k hoch bay, iu

hnh bay, qun l hot ng bay c bit, tm kim cu nn, s dng cc dch

v bo m hot ng bay, phi hp qun l hot ng bay dn dng v quns.

l) Phi hp vi c quan nh nc c lin quan trong vic qun l, s

dng tn s thuc nghip v hng khng.

13. V bo v mi trng

a) Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti quy chun k thut,tiu chun, quy tc v bo v mi trng i vi hot ng hng khng dn

dng;

b) Hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic tun th quy nh v bo v mi

trng trong hot ng hng khng dn dng.

14. V tm kim cu nn v phng chng lt boa) L u mi tham gia y ban Quc gia Tm kim Cu nn; tham gia

Ban ch o Phng chng lt bo v Tm kim cu nn ca B Giao thng

vn ti; ch o, t chc hot ng phi hp tm kim, cu nn hng khng,

khn nguy sn bay, phng chng lt, bo;

b) Phn nh khu vc trch nhim tm kim, cu nn hng khng vkhn nguy sn bay ca cc n v thuc ngnh hng khng dn dng;


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c) Ph duyt k hoch tm kim cu nn, khn nguy sn bay, k hoch

o to, hun luyn, din tp tm kim cu nn, khn nguy sn bay v ch o

thc hin.

15. V an ninh hng khng

a) Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti ban hnh Chng

trnh an ninh hng khng dn dng, Chng trnh kim sot cht lng an

ninh hng khng dn dng, Chng trnh o to hun luyn an ninh hng

khng dn dng, quy nh v giy t ca hnh khch khi i tu bay; hng

dn, t chc, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin;

b) Trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti ph duyt Chng trnh anninh hng khng dn dng ca ngi khai thc cng hng khng, sn bay v

hng hng khng Vit Nam; chp thun Chng trnh an ninh hng khng dn

dng ca hng hng khng nc ngoi hot ng ti Vit Nam.

c) Ph duyt Quy ch an ninh ca cc n v cung cp dch v hng

khng ti cng hng khng, sn bay; l c quan thng trc, iu phi cngtc bo m an ninh hng khng dn dng theo phn cng ca B trng B

Giao thng vn ti;

d) Ban hnh hoc tha nhn tiu chun p dng i vi h thng k

thut, thit b bo m an ninh hng khng; danh mc cc vt phm nguy

him hn ch mang theo ngi v hnh l ln tu bay; qun l vic cp th,giy php v mu th, mu giy php kim sot an ninh hng khng;

) Kim tra, gim st vic tun th quy nh php lut v an ninh hng

khng i vi t chc, c nhn trong hot ng hng khng dn dng;

e) T chc lc lng an ninh hng khng, lc lng tham gia ng ph

ban u vi hnh vi can thip bt hp php vo hot ng hng khng dndng;


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g) Cp, gia hn, nh ch hiu lc Giy php khai thc trang thit b an

ninh hng khng, Giy php cung cp dch v an ninh hng khng theo phn

cp ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti.

16. V nhn vin hng khng

a) Kim tra, gim nh v thc hin vic cp, cng nhn, thu hi cc loi

giy php, chng ch, chng nhn nng nh i vi nhn vin hng khng;

thm nh,nh gi, cng nhn kt qu kim tra, gim nh vic p ng tiu

chun nhn vin hng khng theo quy nh ca php lut;

b) Kim tra cp, cng nhn, thu hi Giy chng nhn iu kin o

to hun luyn nghip v nhn vin hng khng i vi c s oto, hunluyn nghip v nhn vin hng khng; kim tra, kim sot vic o to, hun

luyn nghip v nhn vin hng khng theo quy nh ca php lut;

c) Hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin ch lao ng, k lut

lao ng c th i vi nhn vin hng khng.

17. V qun l d n u t trong lnh vc hng khnga) Thc hin nhim v, quyn hn ca c quan quyt nh u t, ch

u t i vi d n u t xy dng theo phn cng, phn cp ca B trng

B Giao thng vn ti;

b) Thc hin nhim v ca c quan c thm quyn i vi d n BT,

BOT, BOO v hng khng dn dng theo phn cng, phn cp ca B trngB Giao thng vn ti.

18. V gi, cc, ph, l ph

a) Tham gia xy dng, hng dn vic xc nh khung gi, cc dch v

hng khng, gi cc hot ng dch v khc c lin quan n lnh vc hng

khng v n gi sn phm, dch v cng ch trong lnh vc hng khng donh nc quy nh;


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b) Ch tr xut mc ph, l ph chuyn ngnh hng khng v n gi

sn phm, dch v cng ch trong lnh vc hng khng do nh nc quy nh

B trng B Giao thng vn ti ngh c quan c thm quyn quy nh;

c) T chc qun l, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin quy nh v ph, l

ph, gi, cc dch v hng khng v n gi sn phm, dch v cng ch

trong lnh vc hng khng.

19. V hp tc quc t

a) Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti ph duyt chng

trnh, k hoch hp tc quc t v hng khng;

b) Xy dng, trnh B trng B Giao thng vn ti trnh c quan cthm quyn ph chun xut vic k kt hoc gia nhp cc iu c quc t

v hng khng.

c) Tham gia m phn iu c quc t theo y quyn, phn cp; t

chc m phn, k kt tha thun, chng trnh hp tc quc t theo quy

nh;d) T chc thc hin, p dng iu c quc t, quy nh, ngh quyt,

tiu chun, khuyn co thc hnh, hng dn ca cc t chc hng khng

quc t m Vit Nam tham gia hoc l thnh vin;

) L u mi quan h vi T chc hng khng dn dng quc t, nh

chc trch hng khng nc ngoi, cc t chc, din n hng khng quc tkhc m Vit Nam tham gia.

20. T chc thc hin cng tc nghin cu khoa hc, pht trin, ng

dng v chuyn giao cng ngh trong lnh vc hng khng dn dng; xy

dng, trin khai chng trnh, d n ngdng cng ngh thng tin, xy dng

c s d liu, dch v thng tin phc v cng tc qun l v khai thc tronglnh vc hng khng dn dng.


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21. Thanh tra, kim tra, gii quyt khiu ni, t co, phng, chng tham

nhng, tiu cc v bo m vic chp hnh quy nh ca php lut v hng

khng dn dng, x l vi phm php lut theo thm quyn; tham gia x l

tranh chp v hng khng dn dng.

22. Xy dng v t chc thc hin Chng trnh ci cch hnh chnh

ca Cc theo mc tiu v ni dung Chng trnh ci cch hnh chnh nh

nc ca B Giao thng vn ti.

23. V t chc, bin ch, qun l, s dng cn b, cng chc, vin chc

v ngi lao ng

a) Qun l b my, cn b, cng chc, vin chc v ngi lao ng; sdng bin ch c duyt theo quy nh; thc hin ch tin lng v ch

, chnh sch i ng, khen thng, k lut, o to, bi dng chuyn mn,

nghip v i vi cn b, cng chc, vin chc v ngi lao ng thuc thm

quyn qun l ca Cc;

b) Thnh lp hoc thu t chc, tuyn dng hoc thu nhn vin k thutthc hin vic kim tra, nh gi, khuyn co lin quan n vic cp php, cp

giy chng nhn, thc hin chc nng gim st v bo m an ton hng

khng.

24. Cc Hng khng Vit Nam c s dng kinh ph t ngn sch nh

nc cp, t ngun thu t ph, l ph v cc ngun thu khc theo quy nh caphp lut, c p dng c ch ti chnh c tnh n yu t c th ca ngnh

hng khng Vit Nam; qun l ti chnh, ti sn c giao.

25. c trc tip quan h vi cc c quan nh nc c lin quan

thc hin chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn c giao theo quy nh ca php

lut.26. Thc hin cc nhim v, quyn hn khc do B trng B Giao


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thng vn ti giao.

Tm li, Cc HKVN l c quan qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD

chi phi cc doanh nghip trong Ngnh v chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch v

chnh sch pht trin; chnh sch vn ti; chnh sch an ton, an ninh, khoa

hc cng ngh, mi trng Cc doanh nghip vn ti hng khng, vi t

cch l nh vn chuyn c cp thng quyn bay v nh khai thc c cp

chng ch khai thc my bay, chu s qun l ca Cc HKVN v cc vn

sau:

- Chnh sch vn ti hng khng nh thng quyn, cc quy nh, th

l vn chuyn hng khng, cc dch v lin quan n vn ti hng khng

- Cc vn v an ton, an ninh, khoa hc cng ngh, mi trng

nh: ng k my bay, kim tra, cp cng nhn chng ch iu kin bay,

chng ch khai thc my bay, thu mua my bay, sn xut s dng trang thit

b my bay, cc giy php lin quan n ngi li, nhn vin k thut, khai

thc.

ng u Cc HKVN l Cc trng. gip vic Cc trng c cc Ph

Cc trng. T chc gip vic cho Cc trng gm: Phng K hoch - u

t; Phng Ti chnh, Phng T chc cn b, Phng Qun l cng hng khng,

sn bay, Phng Tiu chun an ton bay, Phng Qun l hot ng bay, Phng

Vn ti hng khng, Phng An ninh hng khng, Phng Khoa hc, cng ngh

v mi trng, Phng Php ch - Hp tc quc t, Thanh tra hng khng v

Vn phng. Trc thuc Cc HKVN c cc Cngv hng khng min Bc,

Trung, Nam v cc n v s nghip l Tp ch hng khng Vit nam v

Trung tm y t Hng khng.


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2.3. Cc Cng v hng khng

Cc Cng v hng khng l c quan thc hin chc nng qun l nh

nc v HKDD ti cng hng khng, sn bay. Nhim v v quyn hn ca

Cng v hng khng c quy nh ti iu 60 ca Lut HKDD Vit nam:

1) Qun l ton b din tch t cng hng khng, sn bay c giao

xy dng, pht trin kt cu h tng cng hng khng, sn bay; t chc thc

hin v qun l vic xy dng cc cng trnh trn mt t, mt nc, di

lng t ti cng hng khng, sn bay theo ng quy hoch v d n c

c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt.

2) Kim tra, gim st vic tun th cc quy nh v:a) Vic thc hin quy hoch v k hoch pht trin cng hng khng, sn

bay;

b) Tiu chun an ton hng khng, an ninh hng khng ti cng hng

khng, sn bay v trong khu vc ln cn cng hng khng, sn bay;

c) Trt t cng cng, bo v mi trng ti cng hng khng, sn bay;d) Khai thc vn chuyn hng khng ti cng hng khng, sn bay;

) Khai thc cng hng khng, sn bay, trang b, thit b k thut cng

hng khng, sn bay;

e) Cung cp dch v bo mhot ng bay ti cng hng khng, sn

bay;g) S dng t cng hng khng, sn bay.

3) Phi hp vi doanh nghip cng hng khng thc hin phng n

khn nguy, cu nn, x l s c v tai nn tu bay xy ra trong khu vc cng

hng khng, sn bay v khu vc ln cn cng hng khng, sn bay.

4) Quyt nh ng tm thi cng hng khng, sn bay.


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5) nh ch vic xy dng, ci to cng trnh, lp t trang b, thit b,

trng cy trong khu vc cng hng khng, sn bay; kin ngh c quan nh

nc c thm quyn nh ch vic xy dng, ci to cng trnh, lp t trang

b, thit b, trng cy trong khu vc ln cn cng hng khng, sn bay vi phm

quy hoch cng hng khng, sn bay, quy nh v qun l chng ngi vt,

gy uy hip an ton cho hot ng bay ti cng hng khng, sn bay.

6) X l hnh vi vi phm php lut theo thm quyn.

7) Chuyn giao hoc phi hp vi cc c quan nh nc c thm quyn

gii quyt v vic pht sinh ti cng hng khng, sn bay.

8) nh ch thc hin chuyn bay; yu cu tu bay h cnh ti cng hngkhng, sn bay; khm xt, tm gi tu bay; thc hin lnh bt gi tu bay;

nh ch hot ng ca thnh vin t bay khng p ng yu cu v an ton

hng khng, an ninh hng khng.

9) Thu, qun l, s dng ph, l ph ti cng hng khng, sn bay theo

quy nh ca php lut v ph, lph.10) Qun l ti sn c Nh nc giao.

11) Ch tr vic sp xp v tr lm vic ca cc c quan qun l nh nc

hot ng thng xuyn ti cng hng khng, sn bay.

Nhim v v quyn hn ca Cng v hng khng cn c b sung ti27/Q-BGTVT ngy 22/6/2007 ca B trng B giao thng vn ti. C th

l:

1) Xy dng trnh Cc trng Cc Hng khng Vit Nam ph duyt k

hoch ti chnh v t chc thc hin k hoch c ph duyt.

2) Xy dng Cc trng Cc Hng khng Vit Nam trnh B trngB Giao thng vn ti ph duyt k hoch bin ch hng nm; t chc thc


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hin tuyn dng, s dng v qun l cn b, vin chc theo quy nh ca Php

lnh cn b, cng chc; t chc bi dng chuyn mn nghip v cho cn b,

vin chc thuc quyn qun l.

3) Tuyn truyn, ph bin v kim tra, gim st vic thc hin php lut

v hng khng ti cng hng khng, sn bay.

4) Cp th kim tra an ninh cho ngi, giy php cho phng tin vo,

ra v hot ng ti khu vc hn ch ca cng hng khng, sn bay theo thm

quyn.

5) Ch tr phi hp thc hin nhim v m bo chuyn c ti cng

hng khng, sn bay.6) Qun l ti sn, ti chnh theo quy nh ca php lut; thc hin ch

thng k, bo co theo quy nh.

7) c quyn trc tip quan h vi t chc, c nhn trong nc v

nc ngoi thc hin chc nng, nhim v c giao.

8) Thc hin cc nhim v, quyn hn khc do Cc trng Cc Hngkhng Vit Nam giao.

V t chc, Cng v hng khng c Gim c, mt s Ph Gim c

gip vic, cc phng chc nng v cc i din Cng v hng khng ti cc

cng hng khng, sn bay thuc quyn qun l. Gim c Cng v hng

khng chu trch nhim trc Cc trng Cc Hng khng Vit Nam v php

lut v ton b hot ng ca Cng v hng khng.

Cn c lut HKDD Vit nam, nm 2007 B trng B giao thng vn

ti k cc Quyt nh thnh lp cc Cng v hng khng trn c s tch

mt b phn ca cc Cm cng hng khng. Hin nay qun l nh nc

chuyn ngnh hng khng a phng gm c cc Cng v sau:


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1) Cng v hng khng min Bc, tn giao dch quc t l Northern

Airports Authority, vit tt l NAA. Tr s ti Sn bay quc t Ni bi H

ni.

2) Cng v hng khng min Trung, tn giao dch quc t l Middle

Airports Authority, vit tt l MAA. Tr s ti Sn bay quc t nng

Thnh ph nng.

3) Cng v hng khng min Nam, tn giao dch quc t l Southern

Airports Authority, vit tt l SAA. Tr s ti Sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht

Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

TM TT CHNG2

Ngoi vic qun l v chin lc, quy hoch, chnh sch... nh cc

ngnh kinh t khc, Nh nc cn phi thc hin qun l chuyn ngnh v

HKDD. Qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD do c quan qun l nh nc

chuyn ngnh v HKDD thc hin nhm va m bo x l hi ho gia yu

cu pht trin chung ca h thng giao thng vn tiln mi quan h gia bo

v ch quyn quc gia. c trng ch yu ca qun l nh nc chuyn

ngnh HKDD c th hin thng qua chnh sch iu tit v bo h vn ti

hng khng. C cu qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD bao gm qun l

nh nc chuyn ngnh HKDD trung ng v qun l nh nc chuyn

ngnh v HKDD ti a phng.

Qua qu trnh pht trin, n nay c quan qun l chuyn ngnh v

HKDD Vit nam trung ng l Cc HKVN v cng hng khng, sn

bay l cc Cng v hng khng. Cc HKVN l c quan trc thuc B Giao


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thng vn ti, thc hin chc nng tham mu, gip B trng B Giao thng

vn ti qun l nh nc v hng khng dn dng trong phm vi c nc v l

Nh chc trch hng khng theo quy nh ca php lut. Cc Cng v hng

khng l c quan thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v HKDD ti cng

hng khng, sn bay. Hin nay Vit nam c 3 cng v hng khng l Cng v

hng khng min Bc, min Trung v min Nam.

CU HI N TP CHNG 2

1. To sao Nh nc phi qun l ngnh HKDD? Ngoi qun l ging

nh cc ngnh kinh t khc, Nh nc cn phi c nhng qun l g i vi

ngnh HKDD? Ti sao?

2. Nu nhng c trng ch yu v qun l chuyn ngnh HKDD?

3. Nu chc nng ca cc c quan qun l Nh nc chuyn ngnh v

HKDD Vit nam hin nay?

Chng 3: Tu bay v cng nghip hng

khng

1. Tu bay dn dng

1.1. Khi nim v nhng quy nh chung

Tu bay (Aircraft) l thit b c nng gi trong kh quyn nh tc

ng tng h vikhng kh, tr thit b c nng gi trong kh quyn nh

tc ng tng h vi khng kh phn li t b mt tri t [9, tr.5].


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Tu bay bao gm: my bay (Airplane), trc thng (Helicopter), tu ln,

kh cu v cc thit b bay khc.

Tu bay phi c ng k quc tch. Cc thng tin v ng k quc

tch tu bay c ghi trong s ng b tu bay.

Khi hot ng, tu bay phi c sn hoc gn du hiu quc tch, duhiu ng k ph hp vi php lut ca quc gia ng k quc tch tubay.

Tu bay khi hot ng phi c iu kin bay. Giy chng nhn

iu kin bay (Airworthiness) Vit nam c cp khi:

- Ph hp vi Giy chng nhn loi tng ng (Type Certificate);

- C y trang b, thit b bo m an ton;

- c khai thc, bo dng theo ng ch quy nh;

- trng thi ph hp vi mc ch khai thc d kin.

m bo pht trin cng ngh, nc ta theo quy nh hin nay, tui

ca tu bay qua s dng nhp khu vo Vit Nam c quy nh nh sau:

My bay Trc thng

Tu ln

Kh c

Kh cu


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a) i vi tu bay vn chuyn hnh khch: khng qu 10 nm tnh t

ngy xut xng n thi im nhp khu vo Vit Nam theo hp ng mua,

thu mua; khng qu 20 nm tnh t ngy xut xng n thi im kt thc

hp ng thu theo hp ng thu.

b) i vi tu bay vn chuyn hng ho, bu phm, bu kin, hot ng

hng khng chung v mc ch thng mi: khng qu 15 nm tnh t ngy

xut xng n thi im nhp khu vo Vit Nam theo hp ng mua, thu

mua; khng qu 25 nm tnh t ngy xut xng n thi im kt thc hp

ng thu theo hp ngthu.

c) i vi tu bay ngoi quy nh ti im a, b: khng qu 20 nm tnh

t ngy xut xng n thi im nhp khu vo Vit Nam theo hp ng

mua, thu mua; khng qu 30 nm tnh t ngy xut xng n thi im kt

thc hp ng thu theo hp ng thu.

1.2. Khai thc tu bay

1.2.1. Ngi khai thc tu bay

Ngi khai thc tu bay l t chc, c nhn tham gia khai thc tu bay.

Ngi khai thc tu bay l t chc c khai thc tu bay v mc ch thng

mi khi c Giy chng nhn ngi khai thc tu bay (AOC Aircraft

Operation Certificate). Ngi khai thc tu bay l c nhn khng c php

khai thc tu bay v mc ch thng mi.

Giy chng nhn Ngi khai thc tu bay c cp cho t chc

chng nhn vic p ng iu kin khai thc an ton i vi loi tu bay v


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loi hnh khai thc quy nh. nc ta, t chc c cp Giy chng nhn

ngi khai thc tu bay khi p ngcc iu kin sau y:

- C t chc b my khai thc; phng thc iu hnh v gim st khai

thc tu bay ph hp;

- C i ng nhn vin c o to v c giy php, chng ch ph

hp;

- C chng trnh hun luyn nghip v, chng trnh bo dng tu

bay ph hp vi tnh cht v quy m khai thc;

- C tu bay, trang b, thit b bo m khai thc an ton;

- C y ti liu hng dn khai thc.

Giy chng nhn Ngi khai thc tu bay c cp cho tng loi tu

bay c th. Trong giy chng nhn Ngi khai thc tu bay c ghi c th cho

tng nng nh loi tu bay. Vit nam, cho n nay VietnamAir c

cp Chng nhn Ngi khai thc tu bay cho tt c cc loi tu bay m hng

ny ang khai thc. Jestar-Pacific Airlines v VASCO cng c cp giy

chng nhn Ngi khai thc cho cc loi tu bay khc nhau.

Trch nhim caNgi khai thc tubay Vit nam c quy nh ti

iu 24 Lut HKDD Vit nam:

1) Duy tr h thng qun l kh nng kim tra v gim st khai thc

tu bay an ton.

2) Thc hin quy nh ca ti liu hng dn khai thc.

3) Bo m cc phng tin v dch v mt t khai thc tu bay an

ton.


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4) Bo m mi tu bay khi khai thc c thnh vin t bay c hun

luyn thnh tho cho cc loi hnh khai thc.

5) Tun th cc yu cu v bo dng, sa cha tu bay.

6) Thc hin ng quy nh trong Giy chng nhn ngi khai thc tu

bay, k c trong trng hp s dng dch v v nhn lc theo hp ng h tr

khai thc, bo dng tu bay.

7) Tun th cc quy nh khc v khai thc tu bay.

Thc t hin nay cho thy c 2 m hnh c bn v Ngi khai thc v

mc ch thng mi l Ngi khai thc c t chc bo dng nm trong vNgi khai thc khng c t chc bo dng nm trong.

Trong m hnhNgi khai thc c t chc bo dng nm trong, Ngi

khai thc ng thi thc hin c vic bo dng tu bay ca mnh(Hnh 3.1).

Tuy nhin ty theo kh nng, mc thc hin bo dng c th l rt khc

nhau t bo dng ngoi trng (lines check), cc dnh nh k n i tu,sa cha ln..... nc ta, trc y khi cha thnh lp Cng ty TNHH 1

thnh vin k thut my bay,Vietnam Airlines l hng hng khng ang t

chc theo m hnh ny.

Gim c chtlng

m bocht lngKhai thc

m bocht lng

mbo cht

lng

Gim c chutrch nhim chnh

Bodng

T chc bodng


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Ngun: [1, tr. 2-B-V7]

Hnh 3.1: Nh khai thc c t chc bo dng nm trong

Trong m hnhNgi khai thc khng c t chc bo dng nm trong,

Ngi khai thc khng thchin bo dng tu bay m ch thc hin cng tc

qun l bo dng. Cng vic bo dng tu bay c thu c s bo dng

bn ngoi thc hin (Hnh 3.2). nc ta, Jestar-Pacific Airlines l hng

hng khng ang t chc theo m hnh ny.


T chc bodng

mbo cht

lng

Khaithc

mbo cht

lng

Bodng

Gim c

cht lng


Gim ccht lng

T chc ca nh bo dng T chc ca nh khai thc

mbo cht

lng


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Ngun: [1, tr. 2-B-V8]

Hnh 3.2: Nh khai thc khng c t chc bo dng nm trong

1.2.2. Thu v cho thu tu bayHin nay c 2 hnh thc c bn v thu v cho thu tu bay l thu, cho

thu tu bay c t bay v thu, cho thu tu bay khng c tbay.

Thu, cho thu tu bay c t bay (thng c gi l thu t Wet

lease) l thu v cho thu tu bay trong tu bay c khai thc theo Giy

chng nhn ngi khai thc tu bay ca bn cho thu. Bn cho thu chu trch

nhim bo m thc hin tiu chun an ton v bo dng, khai thc tu bay.

Thu, cho thu tu bay khng c t bay (thng c gi l thu kh

Dry lease) l thu v cho thu tu bay trong tu bay c khai thc theo

Giy chng nhn ngi khai thc tu bay ca bn thu. Bn thu chu trch

nhim bo m thc hin tiu chun an ton v bo dng, khai thc tu bay.

Theo Lut HKDD Vit nam, hin nay vic thu, cho thu tu bay gia t

chc, c nhn Vit Nam v t chc, c nhn nc ngoi phi c B Giao

thng vn ti chp thun bng vn bn sau khi xem xt cc ni dung sau y

(tr mt s trng hp c bit):

1) Hnh thc thu;

2) T cch php l ca cc bn tham gia hp ng thu tu bay;

3) Thi hn thu;

4) S lng, loi v tuitu bay thu;

5) Quc tchtu bay;

6) Giy chng nhn lin quan n tu bay;


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7) Tho thun v vic mua bo him trch nhim dn s i vi hnh

khch, hnh l, hng ho v i vi ngi th ba mt t;

8) T chc chu trch nhim khai thc, bo dng tu bay theo Giy

chng nhn ngi khai thc tu bay.

1.3. My bay

1.3.1. Khi nim

My bay l loi tu bay c cnh nng c nh, bay c nh ng c

theo nguyn llc nng kh ng hc.My bay dn dng c th chia thnh nhiu loi theo nhiu tiu thc. Da

vo nguyn l hot ng, my bay c chia thnh my bay cnh qut, my

bay phn lc. Da mc ch s dng, ngi ta chia thnh my bay thng mi

(commercial aircraft) v my bay hng khng chung (general aircraft). Trong

my bay thng mi li c th chia thnh my bay ch khch, my bay chhng v my bay kt hp ch khch vi ch hng (combi

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