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III.III. Social Impact in EuropeSocial Impact in EuropeA.A. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution
spurred the growth of spurred the growth of cities.cities.
Cities were home to many Cities were home to many industries. People moved industries. People moved
from the country to the from the country to the city to city to find work.find work.
LondonLondon’’s population s population increased from 1 million increased from 1 million
in in 1800 to 2.3 million in 1800 to 2.3 million in 1850.1850.
B.B. Many inhabitants of these Many inhabitants of these rapidly growing cities rapidly growing cities
lived in lived in miserable conditions.miserable conditions.
The conditions caused urban The conditions caused urban social reformers to social reformers to
demand demand that the cities that the cities clean up the clean up the conditions.conditions.
SECTION 2
The Factory System
Lives in Workers’ Homes
SECTION 2
The Factory System
C.C. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution brought about industrial brought about industrial
capitalism, an capitalism, an economic economic system system based on industrial based on industrial production.production.
Industrial capitalism Industrial capitalism produced the industrial produced the industrial
middle class.middle class.
Industrial middle class built Industrial middle class built factories and bought factories and bought
machines.machines.
D.D. Industrial workers faced Industrial workers faced horrible working horrible working
conditions, conditions, working 12-16hrs working 12-16hrs a day fora day for
6 days a week.6 days a week.
There was no minimum There was no minimum wage.wage.
The hot temperatures in the The hot temperatures in the cotton mills were cotton mills were
especially especially harmful. harmful.
E.E. The Factory Act of 1833 set 9 The Factory Act of 1833 set 9 as the minimum age to as the minimum age to
work. work.
Children from 9 to 13 could Children from 9 to 13 could work only 8 hours a day; work only 8 hours a day;
those between 13 and those between 13 and 18 18 could work only 12 could work only 12 hours.hours.
Women and children were Women and children were paid half or less than paid half or less than
men.men.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations
Eli WhitneyEli Whitney Used division of labor to make Used division of labor to make
musketsmuskets Parts were all alikeParts were all alike interchangeableinterchangeablepartsparts
Speedy productionSpeedy productionof inexpensiveof inexpensivemusketsmuskets
Easily repaired!Easily repaired!
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations
Mass ProductionMass ProductionProducing large numbers of identical itemsProducing large numbers of identical items
What do you need for Mass Production?Division of labor
Use of interchangeable parts
An assembly line
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations
The Assembly Line
Parts brought together toone location
Carried from worker to worker
Saved time and energy
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations
Henry FordHenry Ford Used a conveyor Used a conveyor
beltbelt Founded one of Founded one of
the largest the largest industries in the industries in the worldworld
Model T would be Model T would be assembled in 93 assembled in 93 min.min.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Rise of the Corporation
Sole proprietorship:one person owns andruns the business.
Partnership:two or more peopleown and run a business.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Rise of the Corporation
Corporations are companies Corporations are companies that allows people to buy that allows people to buy ““shares of stockshares of stock””
Each shareholder receives a Each shareholder receives a portion of the profitsportion of the profits
By late 1800s, some By late 1800s, some corporations were very large corporations were very large and powerful. Such as:and powerful. Such as:J.P. Morgan’s – US SteelJ.P. Morgan’s – US Steel
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations
MonopolyMonopoly
When a corporation gains When a corporation gains COMPLETE CONTROL over COMPLETE CONTROL over the production or sale of a the production or sale of a good/or servicegood/or service