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Im Überblick

Bearbeitet von Nicola Almukarker

03.02.2004

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Table of contents (1)

• „What is .NET?“– .Net Framework

• Common Language Runtime (CLR)

• Base Class Library (BCL)

– what does .net bring?

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Table of contents (2)

• .Net Architecture– virtual machine – Common Type System (CTS)– Common Language Specification (CLS)– Common Intermediate Language (CIL)– Codemanagement– Assemblies and modules– Security

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Table of contents (3)

• ASP.NET– Production of dynamic web sites

• Web-Services– Overlook

• Summary

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What is .NET? (1)

• Operating System?

• Server?

• Software product, Compiler?

• Programming Language?

• Protocols and technologies for the communication between server and clients?

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What is .NET? (2)Anwendung

Operating system

Base Class Library

ASP.NET ADO.NET Web-Services ...

Common Language Runtime

Garbage Collection

Security Just-in-TimeCompilation ...

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What is .NET? (3) Base Class Library

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What is .NET? (4)

• what does .net bring?– Robust software and Security

• Verification of the CIL-Code

• Security through Garbage Collector

– Simple installation and deinstallation • Assemblies in own Directory or GAC

• No need to register in the Windows-Registry

– Uniform software for desktop and web

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What is .NET? (5)

Windows API

ASPMFC & ATLVB Forms

.NET Framework

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Agenda

• „What is .NET?“• .Net Architecture

– virtual machine

– Common Type System (CTS)

– Common Language Specification (CLS)

– Common Intermediate Language (CIL)

– Meta data

– Assemblies and modules

– Security

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Virtual machine (1)

• A virtual machine for what?– SW-Procssor (Stackmachine)

• reading and saving Operands & Operations

• It works on IL-code and not native code

– Platform and language independence

C# VB.NET Oberon Eiffel

Windows Linux PalmOS MacOS

n*m

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Virtual machine (2)

– Compactness by IL-code instructions– Optimized code by analyze the Operating

system’s configuration

C# VB.NET Oberon Eiffel

IL-Code

MacOSPalmOSLinuxWindows

Frontends

Backends

n+m

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Virtual machine (3)

• CLR is the successor of COM

Typesystem

Services for Distributedapplications

Loader Remoting

Laguage-layer

COM Runtime

MicrosoftTransaction

Server

Laguage-layer

COM+Runtime

CommonLanguage Runtime

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Common Type System (CTS) (1)

Integers

Bool values

Floating point num.

Typed Reference

Strings

Arrays

Methods-

unmanaged

Managed

Pointers

Value Types Reference Types

Structs

Enumerations

Interfaces

Classes

Delegates

Boxing

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Common Type System (CTS) (2)

x

y

y

x

x

MethodState

MethodState

Heap

Heap

.y VPoint

RPoint

Method execute

End of Method

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Common Type System (CTS) (3)

• Boxing & Unboxing (Example in C#)object obj = 3 ; // Boxing

int x = (int) obj ; // Unboxing

.locals ( object obj, int32 x )

// object obj = 3 ;

1 ldc.i4.3

2 box System.Int32

3 stloc obj

// int x = (int) obj ;4 ldloc obj5 unbox System.Int326 ldind.i47 stloc x

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Common Type System (CTS) (4)

Boxing & Unboxing

3

Heap MethodState

Obj

xStack

Obj

xStack

Obj

xStack

Obj

xStack

Obj

xStack

Obj

xStack

Obj

xStack

3 3

33

33

..

.

.. .

33

.

1

74

32

65

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Common Type System (CTS) (5)• Predefined data types of the CLR

IL-Assembler CLR-name Descriptionbool System.Boolean 1 Byte: 1-255 (true)char System.Char 16-Bit-Unicode-signstring System.String Unicode-Stringobject System.Object managed Pointer on obj. typedref System.Typed- value type (Pointer and

Reference type-Info for vararg)float32 System.Single 32 Bit numbers float64 System.Double 64 Bit numbersint8 System.Sbyte 8 Bit: [-128..127]int16 System.Int16 16 Bit: [-32768..32767]

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Common Type System (CTS) (6)• Call of a method with variable number of

parameters .method static vararg void VarArgMethod(int32 x) {...}

Call vararg void A::VarArgMethod(int32, ..., int32, string)

ldc.i4.1ldc.i4.2Ldstr“Hello!“

- the Iterator system is effective on the further Parameteren in the trunk of the method

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Common Type System (CTS) (7).locals init (valuetype System.ArgIterator iter)

//The Iterator is laid out to this in a local variable on the stackldloca iterarglistcall instance void System.ArgIterator::.ctor(valuetype

System.RuntimeArgumentHandle)

// arglist produces a reference on the list of the optional //parameters which is submitted with the constructor of the Iteratorsldloca itercall instance typedref System.ArgIterator::GetNextArg()call object System.TypedReference::ToObject(typedref)

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Common Language Specification (CLS) (1)

CLS

CTS

Language B

Language A

Language C

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Common Language Specification (CLS) (2)

• CLSCompliant: Attribute checks the CLS-conformity of the Assemblies

• an Assembly must explicitly be conformed

Error CS3002: Return type of 'VisibleType.Accessible()' is not CLS-compliant

Using System;[assembly: CLSCompliant(true)]Public class VisibleType{

public sbyte Accessible(){...}}

[CLSCompliant(false)]public sbyte Accessible(){...}

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Common Intermediate Language (CLS) (3)

• Operand’s Type-infromation in Java-Bytecode & CIL (Example) Save the sum of the first 2 local variables in a

third one

J-Bytecode (Integer) J-Bytecode (Float) CIL (Integer or Float)

iload_0 fload_0 ldloc.0iload_1 fload_1 ldloc.1iadd fadd addistore_2 fstore_2 stloc.2

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Just in time Compilation (1)

VB.Net C++C#

Compiler Compiler Compiler

IL-Code

ASM Code

JIT CompilerCLR

Operating system

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Just in time Compilation (2)

Class A

Method 1 (ASM)

Method 2 (IL)

Method 3 (IL)

Method 4 (IL)

(1) Method call

Class B

Methode 1 (IL)

Method 2 (IL)

JIT Compiler(2) Replacing IL

code by native code

Method 1 (ASM)

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Codemanagement (1)• Memory administration

Execution Engine (EE) Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread 3 ...

List the method conditions

HeapList the method conditions

.

.

.

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Codemanagement (2)

– Method conditions

Safety featuresMethod description

arguments

Local variables

Local allocations

Previouscondition

Instructionpointer

Operands stack and output parameters

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Codemanagement (3)• Garbage Collector

Laying out objects onthe Heap

NextObjPtr

newobj A::.ctor() newobj B::.ctor()

Obj A Obj A

Obj B

NextObjPtr

Roo

ts

Roo

ts

Obj A

Obj B

Obj C

Obj D

Obj FObj E

Obj A

Obj D

Obj E

NextObjPtr

GC

Heap and Indicatorbefore and after a GC

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Assemblies and modules (1)

• Meta data in PE-Files

PE/COFFHeaders

CLRHeader

CLR DataMeta data IL-Code.Net-PE-File

1. a program which informs the user that this file isn't executable under DOS2. CLR header saves version number of the CLR for which the program was written

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Assemblies and modules (2)

• Module (managed module): .net-PE file is a module which contains the definition of types with Metadaten, the CIL code of the defined methods and a Manifest.

• Manifest is in an exe file and has all information which is necessary to find all definitions of an Assembly.

• Assembly manifest references files

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Assemblies and modules (3)• Assembly is a .Net-Component that Capsules,

secures and versions modules

Manifest.assembly OtherApp

Meta data.assmbly extern mscorlib.assmbly extern MFAApp

.class public App

CIL-Code

.module AnotherAppManifest

.module MFAApp

.assemblyMFAApp

.file pub.mod

.class extern public PublicType

Meta data.assmbly extern mscorlib.modul extern pub.mod.class public App

CIL-Code

.module pub.mod

Meta data.assmbly extern mscorlib.class public PublicType

OtherApp.exe

MFAApp.exepub.mod

CIL-Code

Aim: PublicType

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Assemblies and modules (4)

• Version– Private Assemblies (in Application‘s directory)– Shared Assemblies (Global Assembly Cache)

• StrongName: name of the Manifest module

• Version: Major.Minor.Build.Revision

• Culture

• Public key 128 Byte to identify the producer

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Assemblies and modules (5)

• Producing of version– In source code with the attribute

System.Reflection.AssemblyVersionAttribute– By Assembly-Linker(al.exe) at the production of the

Assembly – Examples

Input value result1. 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4 2. - 0.0.0.03. 1.2.* 1.2.745.18000 (on 15.1.2002 at 10:00:00 h)

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Assemblies and modules (6)• Roll based security

• code based security– fixing the access rights of an assembley to the

load time – Security stack walk

Assembly A

Security Manager

Assembly A

EvidenceZone

Hash

StrongName

Site...

EnterpriseMachine

UserApplication Domain

Policy Levels

PermissionSet

FileIO

ReflectionIsolatedStorage

Registry

...

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Assemblies and modules (7)

– Security stack walk

Assembly A

Assembly B

Assembly C

Assembly D

Ressource

p.Demand()

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ASP.NET (1)

• Technology for web applications – Web Forms and dynamic web pages by servers

scripts– object orientation (aspx-page)– Web controls: GUI-objects– separation from layout and application logic

(.aspx and source code .cs)

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ASP.NET (2)

– component orientation (events)– Interactive lay-out of web pages– Compilation instead of interpretation– Improve administration of the page condition,

• Dynamic ASPX Page– Simple example: a page with visitor counter

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Using System.IO;Public class CounterPage : System.Web.UI.Page{ int CounterValue(){ FileStream s; s=new FileStream("c:\\Data\\Counter.dat", FileMode.OpenOrCreate); int n; try{

BinaryReader r = new BinaryReader(s);n = r.ReadInt32();

} catch { n = 0;}n++;s.Seek(0,SeekOrigin.Begin);BinaryWriter w = new BinaryWriter(s);w.Write(n);s.Close(); return n;

}}

CounterPage.cs

ASP.NET (3)

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<% @ Page Language="C#" Inherits="CounterPage" Src="CounterPage.cs" %>

<html> <head> <title>Besucherz&auml;hler</title></head> <body> <h1>Willkommen</h1> Sie sind der <%=CounterValue()%>. Besucher Dieser Seite! </body></html>

Counter.aspx

ASP.NET (4)

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ASP.NET (5)

Client(Web-Browser)

Server(IIS)

ASP.NET Counter.aspx

Counter.dat

.NET Framework

RequestCounter.aspx

Response*.html

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Web-Sevices (1)

• heterogeneous distributed services• they are independent of the operating system,

Programming language and binary transfer protocol

• XML based protocol [SOAP]• [WSDL] earlier IDL of DCOM• IIS passes on soap calls to the corresponding web-

service-implementation, produces objects and/or deletes them

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Web-Sevices (2)

BookParadise

Web-Service A

Web-Service B

UDDI2. search

3. Connection

4. Get data

1. Registering

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Web-Sevices (3)

• My Services: Address book, calendar, mailbox, ...

• Microsoft .Net Alerts-Services for PC, Smart devices etc...

• Transfer via Binary protokol with sockets or .Net Remoting and not TCP/IP (limited)

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Web-Sevices (4)

• Namespaces for Web-Services– System.Web.Services (creates web services)– System.Web.Services.Configuration

(configures xml description)– System.Web.Services.Description (classes

for WSDL)– System.Web.Services.Discovery– System.Web.Services.Protokols

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Summary (1)

• „What is .NET?“

• virtual machine

• Common Type System (CTS)

• Common Language Specification (CLS)

• Common Intermediate Language (CIL)

• Codemanagement

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Summary (2)

• Assemblies and modules

• Security

• ASP.NET– Production of dynamic web sites

• Web-Services– heterogeneous distributed services

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Danke für die Aufmerksamkeit!