Imiesa September 2014

IMESAThe official magazine of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa

I S S N 0 2 5 7 1 9 7 8 V o l u m e 3 9 N o . 9 • S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 4 • R 5 0 . 0 0 ( i n c l VAT )

“We see an opportunity in the future management, operation and maintenance of municipal infrastructure in cooperation with municipalities.”

JJ Grobler, CEO, BVi Consulting EngineersMEDIA

in the HOT SEAT

tenancalities.E iEngineer

ce .”rs

SAPPMAPipes VIII

The A to Z on plastic pipes

Trenchless Technology

Pipe ramming in South Africa

In the SpotlightMinister of Water

and Sanitation, Nomvula Mokonyane

IIThe official magazine of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa

MARLEY PIPE SYSTEMS Partnering for quality

without compromise

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT • MAINTENANCE • SERVICE DELIVERY

HEAD OFFICE Unit 19 Alexander Park, 24 Alexander Road, Westmead, Pinetown, KZN, SA 3610 • Postnet Suite 23, Private Bag X4, Kloof 3640

t +27 (0)31 700 1177 • f +27 (0)31 700 9853 • Contact Daryl Spencer [email protected] c 083 555 9996

NATIONAL OFFICES • Pietermaritzburg • Port Elizabeth • Johannesburg • Cape Town • Shelly Beach

In response to this approach, JOAT has invested in wide-ranging

technology and partnerships that can be harnessed for the

benefit of municipalities. Flow metering solutions (permanent

or temporary, monitoring or revenue-generating), data manage-

ment solutions (data loggers, GSM data loggers), control valve

solutions (pressure-reducing valves, pressure controllers, surge

control), leak detection solutions (leak detection equipment

and service) and energy efficiency solutions (variable speed

drives and system optimising) are all available to be presented

into cost-effective, custom-made packages.

JOAT has also expanded into the optimisation of energy

consumption in the water cycle and has a number of in-house

experts that can undertake energy audits and design energy

efficiency solutions for pump stations and treatment works. This

forms part of its overall approach to making the distribution of

water as efficient as possible.

THE JOAT GROUP OF COMPANIES has moulded itself into an

efficient and market-leading solutions-orientated team that pri-

marily addresses the optimisation of water supply to consumers

through the minimisation of water losses, application of appro-

priate technology, revenue improvement and energy efficiency.

The group’s key focus areas of operation are consulting and

operations engineering (essentially the reduction of nonreve-

nue water and stabilising of water supply), product sales and

support, energy efficiency and mentorship. JOAT’s passion and

vision is to ensure that municipalities become as efficient as

possible in delivering water to consumers and has adapted its

approach towards an outcomes-based partnership that has

shared responsibility and accountability. The ultimate objective

of any successful partnership with JOAT is to provide water ser-

vice authorities with an efficient distribution system that they

are fully equipped and trained to continue to operate.

IMIESA September 2014 1

VOLUME 39 NO 9 SEPTEMBER 2014CONTENTS

16 Stepping out of the margins

Established in 1963, Marley Pipe Systems is recognised globally as the leading name in plastic pipe conveyance and reticulation systems. Driven by a passion for the industry, the company’s all-encompassing approach is demonstrably structured to deliver on its promise: quality without compromise. P6

40 Pipe ramming in the South African context

28 SAPPMA – Pipes VII

Cement and concreteAiding the enhancement of cementitious materials: Part 2 60

Suspended paving: It’s in the bag 62

The benefits of composite technology 64

Infrastructure, construction equipment and vehiclesNew hydraulic drill aimed at large depths 69

New simple method for cutting marble blocks 69

Backhoe loader: productivity, versatility, efficiency 71

New products expand dealer network 72

The importance of coolant in vehicle maintenance 74

Pipes and pipelinesSAICE-Rand Water Schools Water Competition 2014 78

RegularsEditor’s comment 3

President’s comment 4

Africa Round-up 8

Index to advertisers 80

Cover storyA passion for pipes 6

Municipal featureN8 corridor: linking urban centres 10

Hot seatThe BVi Group: big enough to matter, small enough to care 12

In the spotlightMinister Nomvula Mokonyane has a plan 14

Human settlementsStepping out of the margins 16

Social housingElevating social housing in eThekwini 20

SAPPMA – Pipes VIIIPipes and the industry: a year in review 28

Trenchless technologyTunnel boring technology delivers for Qatar 39

Pipe ramming in the South African context 40

PipesMacsteel tube and pipe 50

Further contracts in the pipeline for the Western Aqueduct 51

HDPE solution for R4.3 m pipeline project 54

64 The benefits of composite technology

in the SPOTLIGHT Interview with newly appointed Minister of Water and Sanitation Nomvula Mokonyane. P14

inn theee HHOTTT SSEAAATTT

With a positive outlook on the local and national government infrastructure market, BVi Consulting Engineers’s CEO, JJ Grobler, explains how the company is excellently positioned to help the public sector meet its ambitious infrastructure targets. P12

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@infrastructure4 Infrastructure News

PUBLISHER Elizabeth ShortenEDITOR Nicholas McDiarmidEDITORIAL ASSISTANT Danielle PettersonHEAD OF DESIGN Frédérick DantonSENIOR DESIGNER Hayley MendelowDESIGNER Kirsty GallowayCHIEF SUB-EDITOR Tristan SnijdersSUB-EDITOR Beatrix KnopjesCONTRIBUTORS Ruby Estela Cardona, Carolina Giraldo, Juan Guillermo Morales, Claudia Rodriguez and Neil van RooyenCLIENT SERVICES & PRODUCTION MANAGER Antois-Leigh BotmaPRODUCTION COORDINATOR Jacqueline ModiseFINANCIAL MANAGER Andrew LobbanMARKETING MANAGER Hestelle RobinsonADMINISTRATION Tonya HebentonDISTRIBUTION MANAGER Nomsa MasinaDISTRIBUTION COORDINATOR Asha PursothamSUBSCRIPTIONS [email protected] United Litho Johannesburg +27 (0)11 402 0571___________________________________________________

ADVERTISING SALESJenny Miller Tel: +27 (0)11 467 6223___________________________________________________

PUBLISHER: MEDIA No. 4, 5th Avenue, Rivonia 2056PO Box 92026, Norwood 2117 Tel: +27 (0)11 233 2600 Fax: +27 (0)11 234 7274/5 E-mail: [email protected] www.3smedia.co.za

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: R550.00 (INCL VAT) ISSN 0257 1978 IMIESA, Inst.MUNIC. ENG. S. AFR.© Copyright 2014. All rights reserved.___________________________________________________

IMESA CONTACTSIMESA Administration Officer: Narisha SoganP O Box 2190, Westville, 3630Tel: +27 (0)31 266 3263Fax: +27 (0)31 266 5094Email: [email protected]: www.imesa.org.za

BORDER BRANCHSecretary: Melanie MatroosTel: +27 (0)43 705 2401Fax: +27 (0)43 743 5266E-mail: [email protected]

EAST CAPE BRANCHClarine ColtmanTel: +27 (0)41 505 8019Fax: +27 (0)41 585 3437E-mail: [email protected]

KWAZULU-NATAL BRANCHSecretary: Rita MatthewsTel: +27 (0)31 311 6382Fax: +27 (0)31 701 2935

NORTHERN PROVINCE BRANCHSecretary: Rona FourieTel: +27 (0)82 742 6364Fax: +27 (0)86 634 5644E-mail: [email protected]

SOUTHERN CAPE KAROO BRANCHSecretary: Henrietta OliverTel: +27 (0)79 390 7536Fax: 086 536 3725E-mail: [email protected]

WESTERN CAPE BRANCHSecretary: Erica van JaarsveldTel: +27 (0)21 938 8455Fax: +27 (0)21 938 8457E-mail: [email protected]

FREE STATE AND NORTHERN CAPE BRANCHSecretary: Wilma Van Der WaltTel: +27(0)83 457 4362Fax: 086 628 0468E-mail: [email protected]

All material herein IMIESA is copyright protected and may not be reproduced either in whole or in part without the prior written permission of the publisher. The views of contributors do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa or the publishers.

Cover opportunity In each issue, IMIESA offers advertisers the opportunity to get to the front of the line by placing a company, product or service on the front cover of the journal. Buying this position will afford the advertiser the cover story and maximum exposure. For more information on cover bookings contact Jenny Miller on tel: +27 (0)11 467 6223.

THE YEAR is rushing by and already it is nearly time for the annual IMESA conference – one

the largest conferences and exhibitions of its kind in Southern Africa. This is the 78th IMESA

conference and will be held at the Durban International Convention Centre, and is co-hosted

by the City of eThekwini.

The conference theme chosen by the institute is ‘Balancing Service Delivery’, which acknowledges

the new infrastructure development legislation that is putting pressure on all stakeholders in the built

environment to achieve Government’s service delivery objectives. The balancing act refers to require-

ments involved, from first planning to commissioning within extremely tight deadlines, in delivering

quality infrastructure. This year’s sub-themes include:

• Political and Legislative Perspectives

• Ecological and Environmental Impacts

• Financial Considerations

• Transport and Traffic

• Water and Sanitation

• Roads and Stormwater.

This year, IMESA will also present its biannual Excellence Awards and I am reliably informed that

this year has seen the most entries ever, with some categories reaching as many as 13 entries. We

recently attended the CESA Aon Excellence Awards and, again, the number and quality of entries

and winners was impressive. While acknowledging the challenges faced by our industry, I think it

is important to realise that there are indeed positive stories to tell. We need more projects and we

need them fast, but work has far from dried up and there appears to be some real movement from

National Government to truly engage with the private sector, and coordinate with local government,

to speed things up and enforce accountability.

In this edition, we speak to Minister Nomvula Mokonyane about the Department of Water and

Sanitation’s short- and medium-term strategies and it is heartening to see that, already, she has

made great strides in bringing stakeholders together from all tiers of government and the private

sector at the recent Water Summit held by the department. Concrete steps have flowed from there,

and we will soon see legislation that ring-fences municipal budgets for the maintenance and refur-

bishment of water and wastewater infrastructure, and the department’s bulk water infrastructure

works are without doubt moving in the right direction. Minister of Human Settlements Lindiwe Sisulu

has also recently announced a number of very direct initiatives, including the 100-day programme,

which outlines steps to deliver 1.5 million houses over the next five years. With strategic meetings

planned with the Chamber of Mines, SALGA, the Banking Association and South African Women in

Construction, the department will host the National Human Settlements indaba in late September to

hammer out solutions to meeting the target.

IMESA and its stakeholders are intrinsic to Government’s objectives and this year’s conference will

speak to this. There is something special about IMESA conferences – the sense of togetherness and

progress, regardless of challenges faced, is always inspiring and crucial to building the foundation

for the coming year.

I look forward to seeing you there, catching up and getting down to business.

See you in Durban.

IMESA

The official magazine of the Institute

of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT • MAINTENANCE • SERVICE DELIVERY•

I S S N 0 2 5 7 1 9 7 8 Vo l u m e 3 9 N o . 8 • A u g u s t 2 0 1 4 • R 5 0 . 0 0 ( i n c l VAT )“Sasol’s needs are being met and so are government’s, so it is a real win-win

situation” Maureen Mboshane, president of public and regulatory affairs, Sasol

MEDIA

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Balancing actsBalancing acts

Nicholas McDiarmid

Historically, the IMESA head office activities were run by long-servicing members and volunteers but, as time went on, these members retired while activities at the head office increased. The need became apparent for IMESA to lease office space and revamp its operations.

Frank Stevens, president of IMESA Look how far

OVER THE PAST two

years I have often

made mention of the

constant growth and

importance of IMESA’s engine

room – ‘IMESA House’ our

head office based in Westville.

Yet another significant mile-

stone was reached at the

beginning of August 2014 with

the appointment of Pradeep

(‘King’) Singh as our office

manager and I am sure that he

already feels at home and is

enjoying being part of such a

vibrant team.

King comes to us with a

wealth of managerial and

LEFT Pradeep Singh, IMESA head office manager

RIGHT Ingrid Botton, IMESA administration officer

FAR RIGHT Judy Stephens, IMESA training coordinator

ABOVE LEFT (THEN) Maryvale Road, Westville

ABOVE RIGHT (NOW)Head Office, Derby Downs, Westville

technical experience. He is

a member of the Institute of

Municipal Finance Officers and

holds an IMESA certificate in

Asset Management. King is

well versed in how best to work

with engineers, consultants,

project managers and technical

staff in order to ensure optimal

service delivery.

King’s impressive track record

in local government spans 24

years and he was in charge

of the Capital Expenditure

Programme of the eThekwini

Municipality for over a decade.

King is a very keen sports-

man with several notable

achievements to his name,

including being captain of the

South African volleyball team

and completing two Comrades

Marathons. He plays soccer

and golf (handicap 10).

THEN NOW

Looking backThe arrival of our newest staff

member is the latest milestone

in a journey that began in

October 2008, when IMESA

leased a small suite of offices

in Westville. From a staff com-

plement of two, we now have

six. Look how far we’ve come!

While King may be the head

office ‘newbie ’, Ingrid Botton,

our longest-serving member

of staff, is now a part of

the furniture.

Ingrid Botton was appointed

as the administration officer

for IMESA in August 2009.

Since then, her duties have

grown and developed. She has

been involved with the IMESA

Infrastructure Management

System (IIMS) from its inception

and was formally appointed to

IMESA (Pty) Ltd from 1 March

2014. Her current duties centre

on training and assisting local

municipalities with the collec-

tion and upload of fixed asset

data to the IIMS programme

4 IMIESA September 2014


we’ve comefor extracting and reconciling

GRAP17 compliant fixed asset

registers for municipal audits.

Ingrid is passionate about

game conservation and lists

Hluhluwe and St Lucia as her

favourite destinations. During

downtime, she enjoys hand-

crafts, particularly the mak-

ing of unusual and arty

Christmas trees.

By April 2010, IMESA training

had proved so successful that

a part-time training coordina-

tor was needed – and so Judy

Stephens joined the team. She

oversees all of IMESA’s train-

ing activities – for example the

popular course in infrastructure

asset management, which is

offered nationally. IMESA has

also been successful in tender-

ing and being awarded a big

contract with MISA (Municipal

Infrastructure Support Agent).

This will definitely keep Judy

busy for the foreseeable

future.To relax, Judy enjoys

watching movies.

Debbie Anderson joined IMESA

in June 2011, just in time for

IMESA’s Jubilee Conference.

She describes her job as

“Exciting, with never a dull

moment.” Every year, she

works closely with the local

organising committee of the

she makes a mean cup of tea

and coffee and, in the after-

noon, she does all the filing,

Zanele joined the team in 2011.

In her spare time, Zanele is

an avid reader.

Last but certainly not least,

Narisha Sogan has been

with IMESA since March

2013. Her job is critical for

IMESA’s smooth functioning,

as it involves maintaining

all accounting systems and

processes, including SARS

VAT, PAYE and reconciliations

and generating the financials

(Pastel/year-end audits and

reconciliations). Narisha also

handles administrative and

personnel services for IMESA,

such as staff salaries.

In her free time, Narisha

enjoys reading, shopping, and

spending time with her family.

I hope you have enjoyed

meeting our dynamic team at

IMESA head office. On behalf

of IMESA, I’d like to extend a

warm welcome to King. We are

confident that his extensive

knowledge of local government,

leadership qualities, team

spirit and determined and ‘can

do’ attitude will ensure that

IMESA continues to grow from

strength to strength in the

years to come.

BELOW FROM LEFT Debbie Anderson, IMESA conference coordinator

Anurah Sathnarain, IMESA receptionist and administration assistant

Zanele Dlamini, office assistant

Narisha Sogan, IMESA financial officer

city where the annual IMESA

conference is held and is

involved in every aspect of con-

ference coordination, a chal-

lenge she relishes.

Debbie’s interests include

photography, camping, visiting

game parks, hiking and travel.

She has climbed Kilimanjaro

and to Base Camp Everest.

Anurah Sathnarain joined

IMESA in July 2011, when it

became clear that additional

administrative support was

required to deal with the

growth of the organisation.

She handles the switchboard,

general office and member-

ship administration, maintains

the membership database and

liaises with IMESA clients on a

regular basis, including email

correspondence with debtors,

creditors, ECSA and 3S Media.

Anurah is currently studying

for a bachelor’s degree in edu-

cation through UNISA. In 2005,

she worked as a camp counsel-

lor at one of America’s top 10

camps in Texas and took the

opportunity to travel around

the US – a year she describes

as one of the most exciting in

her life.

Zanele Dlamini is the office

assistant. She ensures our

offices are always neat and tidy,

COVER STORY

A passion for pipes

MARLEY PROVIDES plastic

pipe infrastructure into sev-

eral sectors such as mining,

industrial and infrastructure,

including municipal infrastructure. “We

offer an alternative to the conventional

systems,” explains Pranesh Maniraj, head

of sales and marketing, PE Solutions. “We

look to provide these solutions not simply

from a product perspective but also from

quality, technical support services, capacity

and range points of view.”

While many companies like to con-

sider themselves market leaders, Marley

sees itself as a steward of the plastic

pipe industry in general, and is active

across a number of initiatives that raise

the bar for quality, standards, testing and

market education.

Partnering for quality productMarley’s approach to all the markets it

serves is one of partnership. The company

can produce up to 1 000 mm in diameter

in solid-wall pipes and up to 1 800 mm in

diameter in structured wall pipes, with the

technological potential to manufacture up

to 3 500 mm. State-of-the-art fabrication

underpins the company’s philosophy: ‘If you

can draw it, we can make it.’

The company does more than sell pipes

and fittings: it involves itself from the point

of specification all the way through to com-

missioning. Quality is viewed holistically and

the company has invested in ensuring that

its production processes follow its SANS

ISO 9001 quality management system.

“We have the equipment, the facilities and

the trained personnel to ensure that our

products and systems are manufactured to

and carry the SABS mark of trusted quality

as for the various permit requirements,”

explains Ian Venter, product specialist,

Petroplas and Weholite. This includes the

resources to conduct destructive and non-

destructive testing, carry out X-rays on

products and ensure that all permit condi-

tions are met.

Marley is also creating standards for the

South African market, and works closely

with several bodies to ensure this happens.

“Our work sees us introducing a plastic

alternative to a traditional product (typi-

cally cement or steel or GRP), developing a

standard for it and working with the SABS to

have it translated into a National Standard.

An example of this is a project we are work-

ing on with the City Of Tshwane, in which we

have developed plastic manholes suitable

for the dolomitic nature of the area. Made

from Weholite and solid-wall HDPE, the plas-

tic manhole is gaining traction in the market

due its versatility, quality, water and chemi-

cal resistance and ease of installation. The

city was not familiar with its properties so

we have developed the standards in con-

junction with Department of Public Works,

which will now become the SABS standard,”

explains Venter.

Partnering for quality and priceMarley’s aim is to improve efficiencies,

solve industry challenges and ensure safe

and sustainable operations in a broad spec-

trum of pipeline applications. Substandard

raw materials account for 85% of PE pipe

system failures, due to the use of non-con-

forming recycled raw material in production.

Marley Pipe Systems is dedicated to

ensuring that plastic pipe systems deliver

on their promise. “Plastic is entering a

more mature phase in the market and is

recognised now not only as a valid and

recognised substitute, but as a first-line


Established in 1963, Marley Pipe Systems is recognised globally as the leading name in plastic pipe conveyance and reticulation systems. Driven by a passion for the industry, the company’s all-encompassing approach is demonstrably structured to deliver on its promise: quality without compromise.

Marley Pipe's African mining footprint

IMIESA September 2014 7IMIESA offers advertisers an ideal platform to ensure maximum exposure of their brand. Companies are afforded the opportunity of publishing a two-page cover story and a cover picture to promote their products to an appropriate audience. Please call Jenny Miller on +27 (0)11 467 6223 to secure your booking.

product that can deliver a 100-year lifes-

pan. Cheaper products, which by nature

are of a lesser standard, are not going to

deliver that. The common message out in

the industry is that plastic will outperform

traditional materials in specific applica-

tions,” says Venter.

The bottom line when it comes to price

is that the only way a manufacturer can

drive its price down is by compromising on

raw material.

Partnering for supportMarley’s technical expertise is second to

none and is founded on its strong support

structure of mechanical engineers and poly-

mer technologists. From the specification of

a project to development and commission-

ing, Marley sees each installation as a new

opportunity to reinforce and improve both the

reputation of plastic pipe systems and mar-

ket knowledge and expertise. Transferring

knowledge and skills to its client-partners is

fundamental to each project.

This applies as much for contractors as

it does customers. Faize Gafoor, sales

executive: projects, explains, “We want to

empower contractors and are driving this in

partnership with Plastics SA by setting the

standards and certifying welders in line with

SANS/national specifications. Butt-welding

and electro-fusion-welding processes are

the critical elements of an enduring pipe

system. We align ourselves with butt-weld-

ing equipment companies and also produce

electro-fusion fittings up to 1 200 mm.”

Partner networks of innovation and capacityWith some of the largest, state-of-the-

art manufacturing facilities in Nigel and

Rosslyn in Gauteng and multiple branches

and depots throughout the country, Marley

constantly adding new products to its stable

and further increasing its abilities to pro-

vide complete solutions. This capacity, cou-

pled with its expertise and a long heritage

in the plastic pipes market, allows Marley

Pipe Systems to continuously innovate new

products, techniques and equipment.

“We have been active in developing

new products and methods, including a

technology to manufacture fire-retardant

pipe. Our acquired Weholite technology

from Finland and our innovative seals from

Europe have created a thorough joining sys-

tem perfect for both stormwater and sewer

systems. We have also developed void-free

stubs which significantly increase the integ-

rity of piping systems.” says Venter.

Marley is also the only manufacturer

that can offer fluorinated pipe for use with

petro-chemicals. Fluorination essentially

combats permeation by turning the inner

and outer layers into a Teflon-like material,

preventing permeation.

Partnering for the long termEngaging with its customers, taking a long-

term perspective and ensuring an uncom-

promising approach to quality from cradle

to grave is what differentiates Marley in

an increasingly competitive market. These

principles have attracted large, high-profile

clients over the years, such as Transnet

and Sasol.

When working with clients of this nature,

Marley’s approach of shared responsibility

in risk completes the package. “We work as

a unit with our clients and contractors and

are as sensitive to their needs as they are,”

notes Gafoor.

IS THIS THE FUTURE? THE POLYOLEFIN MANUAL AND CATALOGUEMarley has compiled and published The Polyolefin Manual and Catalogue. This publication is dedicated to information on PE 100 polyethylene and polypropylene polymers as manufactured or supplied by Marley Pipe Systems. Based on more than 50 years’ experience with PE and PP pipe systems, the manual is intended to provide appropriate information for the complete supply chain in the thermoplastic pipe system industry, including sales, pur-chasing, consulting, engineering, and construction and draughting personnel. It is also aimed at project owners and clients.

For electronic copies visit: www.marleypipesystems.co.za/images/pdf-downloads/productbrochures/marley-pe-technical-manual-secured.pdf

Pipe Systems’ manufacturing capacity is

extensive, catering not only to the local

market but also export markets in Europe,

Australia, and across Africa. Further sup-

porting the company’s capacity is its posi-

tion as an Aliaxis company. Marley is

continuously bringing new innovations from

around the globe to the local market, by

“Plastic is entering a more mature phase in the market and is recognised now not only as a valid and recognised substitute, but as a first-line product.”

Ian Venter, product specialist

t 0861 MARLEY (627 539)

www.marleypipesystems.co.za

Pranesh Maniraj (2nd from left), Faize Gafoor (4th from left) and, to his right, Ian Venter with members of the Marley team

IS THIS THE FUTURE? TMarley haCataloguepolyethylsuppliedexperiencto providein the thechasing, cpersonne

For electddownloads

INFRASTRUCTURE NEWS FROM AROUND THE CONTINENT

SUB-SAHARA Infrastructure spend to reach $180 billionInfrastructure spending in sub-

Saharan Africa is projected to

grow by 10% a year over the

next decade, exceeding $180

billion by 2025 while maintain-

ing its 2% share of the global

infrastructure market.

Nigeria and South Africa

currently dominate the infra-

structure market, but other

countries such as Ethiopia,

Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique,

and Tanzania are also poised

for growth, according to a new

report by PwC.

In South Africa, infrastructure

spending overall is forecasted

to reach around $60 billion by

2025, having grown by 10% on

average a year. However, South

Africa is likely to lose share of

regional spending relative to

Nigeria. Nigeria’s better fiscal

position and oil revenues will

likely enable it to outperform

South Africa over the coming

decade, says the report.

Overall infrastructure spend-

ing in Nigeria is expected to

grow from $23 billion in 2013

to $77 billion in 2025. A more

investor-friendly environment

towards oil investment is also

likely to boost this projection.

The report also shows that

spending on utility infrastructure

is expected to be significantly

stronger in countries that need

to upgrade deficient energy,

water and sanitation services

and in economies that are

rapidly urbanising, such as

Four SADC countries have launched the Limpopo Watercourse Commission

Ghana and Nigeria. The great-

est growth of spending for utili-

ties is expected in sub-Saharan

Africa where an annual rate of

10.4% between now and 2025

is forecasted.

SADC Improved water management Four Southern African

Development Community

(SADC) countries will now be

able to collectively manage

their water resources more effi-

ciently with the launch of the

Limpopo Watercourse

Commission.

Launched in Maputo,

the Limpopo Watercourse

Commission (LIMCOM) will

help South Africa, Botswana,

Zimbabwe and Mozambique

– which all share the

Limpopo River Basin – bet-

ter organise their water

management resources.

The basin has a total

catchment area of approxi-

mately 408 000 km² and

very diverse characteristics,

covering different climatic and

topographic zones as well

as land-use types, including

protected areas.

In 1986, the four states

made a commitment to manage

their water resources together

with the establishment of the

Limpopo Basin Permanent

Technical Committee. In 2003,

this cooperation was fostered

through the multilateral agree-

ment to establish LIMCOM.

AFRICA Significant investment in Power AfricaTwo out of three sub-Saharan

Africans (600 million people)

lack access to electricity. In

June 2013, US president

Barack Obama announced the

launch of Power Africa – an ini-

tiative to double the number of

people with access to power in

sub-Saharan Africa.

Speaking at the ‘Powering

Africa: Leading Developments

in Infrastructure’ session during

the US-Africa Business Forum,

World Bank Group president Jim

Yong Kim said, “We think that

the US Power Africa initiative

will play an extremely important

role in achieving the goal of

providing electricity for Africa.

The World Bank Group, follow-

ing President Obama’s lead, will

support Power Africa by commit-

ting $5 billion in direct financ-

ing, investment guarantees and

advisory services for project

preparation in Power Africa’s six

initial partner countries.”

The $5 billion will go towards

technical and financial support

for energy projects in six African

countries, namely Ethiopia,

Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria,

and Tanzania, which have

partnered with Obama’s Power

Africa initiative.

The African Development

Bank (AfDB) president, Donald

Kaberuka, has reaffirmed

AfDB’s support to advance

the Power Africa initiative with a

commitment of $3 billion over a

five-year period.

Under the enhanced part-

nership announced at the

US-African Leaders Summit,

the US and the AfDB will col-

laborate on scaling up the

use of off-grid and mini-grid

technologies, supporting geo-

thermal power development and

strengthening regional power

trading between African coun-

tries among others.

The government of Sweden

announced a commitment to

catalyse investments of $1

billion to the Power Africa initia-

tive. The Millennium Challenge

Corporation (MCC) signed a

$498.2 million compact with

AFRICA ROUND-UP


AFRICA ROUND-UP

the government of Ghana

to transform the country’s

power sector by investing in

projects focused on distribu-

tion, energy efficiency and

renewable energy.

According to MCC CEO Dana

Hyde, the compact represents

the largest US government

transaction to date under

the Power Africa initiative.

“The compact we sign today

takes a system-wide approach

to transforming Ghana’s power

sector,” said Hyde. It invests in

projects focused on distribution

to make Ghana’s energy sector

financially viable and capable

of attracting private investment,

as well as funds initiatives sup-

porting greater energy efficiency

and cleaner renewable energy.

$2 billion by 2018Africa will see an investment

of $2 billion in facility develop-

ment, skills training, and sus-

tainability initiatives by 2018.

Africa has emerged as the

most promising growth region

for General Electric (GE), with

total revenues in Africa in 2013

sitting at $5.2 billion and more

than $8.3 billion in orders

across Africa.

The company will focus its

$2 billion investment in Africa

in three strategic areas: build-

ing infrastructure, delivering

localised solutions to custom-

ers, and capacity building. It

will achieve this by providing

skills training and growing

supply chain development in

local communities.

Core infrastructure needs in

Africa represent a $90 billion

opportunity. GE’s technolo-

gies generate 25% of Africa’s

gas power and nearly 70%

of the electricity distributed

across Algeria.

GE is working with partners

in Africa to drive sustainable

development and solve local

challenges by investing in tech-

nology, building capital markets

and developing technical skills

within communities.

The company empowers the

communities in which it oper-

ates by providing skills training

and developing leaders through

partnerships with local govern-

ments, schools and hospitals.

UGANDALamu Port project Ugandan

president Yoweri Museveni,

Prime Minister Hailemariam

Desalgen of Ethiopia, South

Sudan president Salva Kiir

Mayardit and President Uhuru

Kenyatta of Kenya have

resolved to fast-track the

implementation of the Lamu

Port project.

The Lamu Port, South Sudan

and Ethiopia transport corridor

project is an infrastructural

venture that aims to facilitate

trade, and promote regional

economic integration, as

well as connectivity between

African countries. The aim is to

boost trade and investment in

the region.

The Lamu project’s seven

components require funds

amounting to $24.5 billion,

of which Lamu Port alone will

need $32 million for its con-

struction. Kenyatta believes

the project will need a joint

innovative approach for its

quick implementation.

The Kenyan president has

signed a $480 million agree-

ment with a Chinese firm for

the construction of the first

three berths of Lamu Port.

He said his government has

already set aside for $50 mil-

lion to immediately commence

the construction works.

NIGERIANational Water Resources Bill The Minister of Water

Resource, Sarah Reng Ochekpe,

has said that the National

Water Resources Bill – which

is in the pipeline – will ensure

equitable, efficient and sustain-

able use and management of

water resources in Nigeria.

A workshop was recently

held to obtain comments,

observations, suggestions and

all necessary inputs into the

Water Resources Bill. “This is a

major step towards finalisation

of the water bill which would

subsequently be forwarded to

the Federal Executive Council

for approval and thereafter the

National Assembly for passage

into law,” Ochekpe said.

The Bill will take into account

the meeting of the basic human

needs of present and future

generations, promoting equita-

ble and affordable access to

water; encouraging collabora-

tion between federal and state

governments in the provision

of water services; facilitating

social and developmental pro-

grammes on poverty reduction;

improving public health and

economic development; as well

as reducing and preventing

pollution and degradation of

water resources.

European Union ambassador

Michel Arrion, represented by

programme manager of water

specialists Martin Mbonu, said

that the EU would support

the Nigerian government to

ensure that the Bill is finalised

and forwarded to the National

Assembly for approval.

Africa will see an investment of $2 billion in energy by 2018



MUNICIPAL FEATURE

N8 CORRIDORLinking urban centres

In its aim to make Mangaung a city where people can live, work and invest, the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality has developed an extensive Spatial Development Framework. Danielle Petterson looks at one of the projects earmarked under the framework of the N8 corridor development.

THE N8 CORRIDOR development is

situated along the N8 route, one

of the major roads stretching from

the east of the Free State, through

a number of towns, to the west through

Petrusberg, all the way to Kimberley in the

Northern Cape.

This major project focuses on the develop-

ment of the N8 as a development spine link-

ing the three urban centres of the Mangaung

Metropolitan Municipality. It also serves

as an important link to the neighbouring

Mantsopa Local Municipality and Maseru in

neighbouring Lesotho.

The primary aim of the Mangaung N8 devel-

opment is to stimulate economic activity in

existing nodes and spark the development

of new economic nodes along the length of

the corridor. The project comprises the devel-

opment of, among others, an international

convention centre, a government complex, a

regional shopping mall and an array of sus-

tainable housing typologies. New industrial

development and human settlements will

predominantly take place towards the east

of Bloemfontein, especially in the vicinity of

the N8 development zone.

The N8 corridor development also incorpo-

rates the airport, the possibility of a dry port,

revitalisation of rail transportation between

Mangaung and Ladybrand and road infra-

structure; establishing increased economic

linkages with the main economic hubs in the

north and south as well as across the consti-

tuting authorities of the city region.

“The N8 corridor development project

promises to be a significant investment

opportunity, creating jobs for many resi-

dents and contributing towards build-

ing a better life for all. The envisaged

development at Naval Hill will undoubtedly

be one of the municipality’s world-class rec-

reational facilities and tourism destinations

that will give the local economy a great

boost,” says Thabo Manyoni, executive

mayor of Mangaung.

“Similarly, through the ongoing develop-

ment of the Bloemfontein Airport, Mangaung

is positioning itself as one of the emerging

‘aerocities’ in the country. The proposed

Bloemfontein Airport precinct, to the south

of the airport entrance, is a multibillion-rand

infrastructure and property development pro-

ject that has kicked off implementation of

the first phase.”

Airport development nodeBloemfontein International Airport is one of

the most important activity nodes identified

within the N8 corridor development.


MUNICIPAL FEATURE

The Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality

announced, in its medium-term revenue

and expenditure framework for 2013/14 to

2015/16, that the city will continue making

a significant investment of R85.6 million

over the next two years to install reticula-

tion services such as water and sanitation

to support the development at the airport

development node.

Located along the N8 road towards the

Mangaung towns of Botshabelo and Thaba

Nchu, the aerocity will boast services ranging

from a shopping mall, educational and civic

sites and an urban square to an international

conference centre, hotels and housing.

Kaba Kabagambe, head of department

for planning at Mangaung Metropolitan

Municipality, believes that the airport node

will anchor the province’s strategy to develop

eastwards from Bloemfontein and westwards

from the settlements for a development cor-

ridor to be created.

According to Kabagambe, the airport node

is the largest municipal-owned and -driv-

en airport city project within the Southern

African Development Community region.

Revenue generated from the project to be

used for cross-subsidisation of critical pro-

jects in Botshabelo and Thaba Nchu, making

the project significant in the overall develop-

ment of the two areas.

Developing an aerocityThe node will be developed on 2 000 ha of

strategically located land, of which the first

phase is 700 ha. The site-servicing phase of

the project, which is currently underway, is

expected to create 11 000 jobs.

This phase will include a number of major

developments, such as a 50 ha urban

square, an international conference centre

and related amenities such as hotels, busi-

ness centres and niche shopping facilities.

Once fully developed, this phase will

have an investment value of approximately

R100 billion.

The second phase of the project will see

the node evolving into a dry port that will

be a central area where all the modes of

transport converge for the development of

the area.

Providing water servicesThe municipality is making steady progress

in relation to the provision of water services

to households in the municipality. To ensure

that there is continued provision of water

and sanitation services, the municipality has

begun to implement a number of bulk water

and sanitation projects in the city.

These projects will strategically position

the city to ignite the N8 corridor development

and lay a solid foundation for broadening the

revenue base of the municipality and dealing

with the distorted, inherited spatial form of

the city.

Naval Hill reservoirThe north-eastern development area has the

largest need for additional storage capacity

due to continuous development. To remedy

this, one of the bulk water projects under

the N8 project was the construction of a

35 Mℓ reservoir on Naval Hill. Construction

of the reservoir began in May 2013 and was

completed in October 2013.

This is the first phase of a planned 70 Mℓ additional reservoir capacity for Bloemfontein

to provide emergency storage capacity for

the eastern developments and a sufficient

static head in order to supply the proposed

secondary storage reservoirs. The reservoir

will be the main supply reservoir to the N8

corridor development.

The reservoir will enable the extension of

water delivery to some disadvantaged com-

munities and will serve as buffer capacity

for peak water demand periods. Naval Hill is

the highest point in the area with extremely

steep slopes. By the positioning of the reser-

voir on the highest point in the area, there is

sufficient pressure to provide up to 24 hours

of emergency supply in the event of electrical

or mechanical interruptions.

The location of the reservoir presented

challenges to its construction. Getting the

concrete to the site was particularly difficult

because it was restricted to 4 m2 truck loads

at a time. Lafarge – which supplied 700 m³

of standard 25 MPa concrete for the founda-

tions, with 30 MPa and 35 MPa high-strength

grades for the walls – worked closely with the

main contractor to overcome the challenges

of the difficult location.

North Eastern WWTWThe existing Bloemspruit Wastewater

Treatment Works (WWTW) is currently hydrau-

lically overloaded and a new North Eastern

WWTW is being constructed to relieve the

load on the existing facility.

Diversion of the wastewater flow from the

existing Bloemspruit WWTW to the new North

Eastern WWTW will also allow the municipal-

ity to undertake necessary maintenance

work on the existing Bloemspruit works.

The project includes:

• the construction of new inlet works includ-

ing screw pump lifting station, mechanical

screening, grit removal structures and a

chlorination tank

• a buffer pond

• an emergency overflow pond downstream

of the inlet works

• two 35 m diameter secondary settling tanks

and three concrete-lined sludge lagoons.

The WWTW will also house a biological reac-

tor comprising anoxic and aerobic zones as

well as internal recycling streams. A pump

station will pump raw activated sludge to the

biological reactor and waste activated sludge

to the sludge lagoons.

The project’s scope also includes the

construction of various small concrete struc-

tures including flow diversion and collection

chambers, boundary fencing, main access

and internal roads, general landscaping and

the construction of earth retaining walls.

Construction on this bulk sanitation pro-

ject commenced in February 2013 and

once complete, the North Eastern WWTW is

expected to benefit approximately 45 000

people in the long term.

TOP Mangaung intermodal transport

ABOVE Averting a greater water crisis

OPPOSITE The proposed Mangaung aerocity

HOT SEAT

small enough to care

THE BVI GROUP

With a positive outlook on the local and national government

infrastructure market, BVi Consulting Engineers is excellently positioned

to help the public sector meet its ambitious infrastructure targets.

about the company’s innovative

approach to infrastructure deliv-

ery, with its focus on community

inclusion and upliftment.

IM What makes BVi unique in the African market? JJG We firmly

believe that what sets us apart

from our competitors is the fact

that the BVi Group is big enough

to make a difference and small

enough to care.

Bvi Group’s growth since its

inception in 1967 has been a

remarkable one. Bvi was estab-

lished as a multidisciplinary

consulting engineering firm

offering ‘traditional’ consult-

ing services in the fields of

civil, structural, electrical and

mechanical engineering. Today,

the Level 2 BEE company has

a 47% black ownership status

and counts on its 300+ strong

team of professionals to deliver

engineering excellence to pri-

vate and public sector clients.

The journey from 1967 to

present has taken BVi from a

small two-office start-up busi-

ness to a nationwide organisa-

tion with fifteen local and four

international offices. In 2008,

the group added to its portfolio

by providing EPCM services to

its clients and thereby adding

the mining industry to its client

base. Expansion across South

African borders into the SADC

region became a strategic focus

in 2009 and, since then, BVi

has successfully completed

numerous projects on neigh-

bouring African soil. BVi Group

has offices in Angola, the DRC,

Mozambique and Namibia.

What does BVi prioritise when working on local government projects? Working on a multidisciplinary

engineering projects base, BVi

has focused on the basic need

e

in

re

li

c

“BVi embraces innovative thinking, taking a labour-intensive approach on many of its projects. This approach does not only create employment, but also involves the community from inception right through to the fi nal handover of the project.” JJ Grobler, CEO, BVi Group

Big enoughto matter,


AS EVIDENCED by the

recent pronounce-

ments from Pravin

Gordhan, Nomvula

Mokonyane and Lindiwe Sisulu,

the South African government

understands the crucial role

the private sector must play in

getting the country on track,

and BVi Consulting Engineers is

ready and able apply its skills

and services to the manage-

ment, operation and mainte-

nance of municipal

infrastructure. JJ

Grobler, CEO of

the BVi Group,

talks to IMIESA

for infrastructure development

such as housing, water,

sanitation and electricity to local

communities. BVi embraces

innovative thinking, taking

a labour-intensive approach

on many of its projects. This

approach not only creates

employment, but also involves

the community from inception

right through to the final

handover of the project.

Innovative thinking has lead BVi

to facilitate smarter processes,

management and programmes

together with its clients.

What water projects has BVi been involved in over the past years? BVi has been involved in a

few large-scale water projects

over the past years. One of

these projects is the Namakwa

Regional Water Supply Scheme:

In January 2010, the then

Minister of Water and

Environmental Affairs requested

Sedibeng Water to conduct an

assessment of the Namakwa

Regional Water Supply

Scheme’s infrastructure. Since

2009, interruptions of the water

supply to the Springbok area

have been rife, with continuous

pipe failures, leading to towns

being without water for periods

of up to four days. BVi was

appointed by Sedibeng Water

and the Department of Water

and Environmental Affairs

in October 2010 to conduct

a study to provide a single

technical solution for solving

the infrastructure problem,

as well as increasing and

sustaining the water supply of

the Namakwa Scheme.

As implementing agent,

Sedibeng Water tasked BVi with

the following:

• determining the current

and future water demand

for all towns and villages in

the region

• liaising with all stakeholders

in the region to determine

and analyse future devel-

opments and associated

water demands

• conducting an assess-

ment of the current

infrastructure condition

• conducting a GAP analysis

to determine current and

future needs

• investigating and evaluating

all water supply options

• selecting a single, techni-

cally feasible solution and

developing a project scope

for construction

• calculating estimated

capital requirements, as

well as the operating and

maintenance costs

• compiling a Water

Master Plan for the

Namakwaland region.

What is BVi’s outlook for the coming years? With

the ever-changing environment

THREE PHASES OF THE PROJECTThe project is now in its second of three phases, which is focusing on the replacement of the gravity main pipeline from the Eenriet reservoir at Steinkopf to the Vaalhoek reservoir in Springbok.

PHASE 1: June 2010 – March 2013• Emergency repair work at pump stations and purification

plant to ensure supply of water• Feasibility study to determine the design capacity for the

next 30 years• Upgrade personnel housing• Building a 13 km bypass pipleline from Vrieskloof

to Kliphoogte

PHASE 2: April 2013 – March 2016• Replace the gravity main pipeline (55 km in length) from

the Eenriet reservoir at Steinkopf to the Vaalhoek reservoir at Springbok.

PHASE 3: Envisaged commencement: April 2016 – March 2019• Upgrade the rising main pipeline (50 km in length) from

the Orange River to the Eenriet reservoir• Refurbishment of pump stations and the purification plant• Local distribution pipelines to Okiep, Nababeep, Concordia,

Carolusberg and Springbok• Community involvement

The entire workforce of 138 people, both skilled and non-skilled, consists of members of the local community. The next phase of construction will open the opportunity of even more local employment. The towns of Steinkopf, Concordia, Okiep, Carolusberg, Nababeep, Springbok and Kleinzee will benefit from the refurbished water scheme.

we operate in and taking into

consideration the latest trends

in the industry, we as BVi have

made some significant changes

to our operational and manage-

ment model. I strongly believe

that this will now put us in an

even better position to procure

work and execute our projects

to an even higher standard,

thus securing our future growth

targets. We’ve set us some very

exciting short- to medium-term

goals, which will be renewed and

updated frequently.

t +27 (0)12 940 1111

•www.bvigroup.co.za

Various fronts of replacement of the gravity main pipeline from the Eenriet reservoir at Steinkopf to the Vaalhoek reservoir in Springbok.



MINIST ER NOMVULA MOKONYANE’S VISION

IN THE SPOTLIGHT

IM The establishment of the Department to Water and Sanitation suggests a new emphasis on the latter. What is behind this? Min. NM Years

ago, Nelson Mandela was

quoted in a document titled

‘Why advocate for water,

sanitation and hygiene?’ as

saying, “Sanitation is more

important than independence.”

Imagine that!

The transformation and de-

racialisation of South Africa

should be fast-tracked through

the provision of water and sani-

tation. We have to do things

differently if we are to realise

the objectives of the National

Development Plan (NDP) and

our electoral mandate.

Most of all, we need to

change the lives of women

in our communities – espe-

cially those in rural areas. No

woman should have to share

to engage in a change-

management process to ensure

that we have the skills required

to perform optimally. This

may require the sourcing of

skills in cooperation with the

Department of Public Service

and Administration, but the

issue extends further than that.

We need to be innovative as

well and there is no doubt that,

in partnership with our own

Water Research Commission,

science and technology could

facilitate opportunities for

employment in local com-

munities. Inclusive growth

in our sector has to include

local communities. We will

also work with other relevant

departments to ensure that

we create job opportunities by

including them in the allocation

of contracts.

We can only achieve our

objectives if we put our com-

munities first.

Water is life,

The repositioning of the Depar tment of Water

and Sanitation has come at a crucial time in

South Africa’s infrastructure journey through its

new democracy.

HAVING MADE MAJOR inroads in the delivery of water and sanitation services to all South

Africans, Government is now accelerating its role out of water and sanitation infrastructure in

seeking to fulfil its promise of ‘Water is life; sanitation is dignity.’

In this exclusive interview, newly appointed Minister of Water and Sanitation Nomvula

Mokonyane speaks to IMIESA about how the government’s integrated approach is set to deliver.

her water with animals; the

image of the barefoot, preg-

nant woman fetching water has

to be wiped out once and for

all. Particularly when she’s liv-

ing right next to a dam!

Opening the sector to the

disenfranchised through skills

development and economic

empowerment is one way of

increasing access to water

and sanitation.

You have mentioned ‘game changers’ and that what follows is no longer business as usual. What are priorities at this stage? At the Department of Water and

Sanitation, we have identified

six priorities that will require

game changers. These are:

• meeting the service

delivery challenges

• water and sanitation chal-

lenges, water research,

technology and innovation

• understanding the state of

water as a national resource

• the role of the private sector

• community participation.

This requires us, both as a

department and as individuals,

to embrace some key princi-

ples, including effectiveness,

efficiency, accountability,

accessibility and the ability

and willingness to cooperate.

I commit to South Africans

to provide decisive leader-

ship with the ability to assert

authority in the right places to

makes these happen.

You have previously mentioned a reduction in outsourcing; what is your vision for public sector skills? The water

sector, when it comes to

public services, has become

too dependent on outsourcing

generally. We are going


IN THE SPOTLIGHT

sanitation is dignity Protecting existing infrastructure is also high on your agenda; what are the current challenges and what structures are needed to achieve this? We have

agreed with the minister of

COGTA that all water services

authorities (WSAs) ring-fence a

minimum of seven per cent of

their total budgets towards the

maintenance and management

of existing infrastructure.

We have to ensure that each

municipality has

the capacity

and capability

to carry out this

task efficiently

and effectively.

Please note that

this includes

sanitation

infrastructure.

Both water treatment and

waste treatment must be

prioritised. As government,

we will no longer tolerate

excuses about ageing or non-

functioning water infrastructure

and we are introducing

legislation to effect this.

Access to water is a fundamental to well-being and development; how will you tackle this crucial area? As

part of the drive towards

radical socio-economic

transformation, we need to

ensure that solutions to water

and sanitation challenges

must include opening the

sector to those that have

been disenfranchised.

Ownership of access to

water continues to perpetu-

ate inequality in our country.

Working together with all

South Africans, we will, in

this financial year, open up

this protected space so as to

ensure that water as a natu-

ral resource is available and

shared by all. This includes

those who live in villages, town-

ships and beneficiaries of land

reform nearer to the mines and

new industries will benefit.

The participation of our peo-

ple in the water sector is key.

We will extend our stakeholder

relations by ensuring that

water and sanitation forums

are established in: every

metro and district representing

communities, business and

academia, as well as among

women, youth and people

with disabilities.

Educating and creating

awareness in these communi-

ties about conservation, pres-

ervation and security of water

is also crucial.

There is concern about capacity in certain municipalities, especially around water infrastructure and operational issues, like metering and billing. What role will the department play in the current structures? This area is going to change

significantly. I mentioned

earlier that we are taking

a no-nonsense approach

with all municipalities

with regards to budgeting

correctly for maintenance

of infrastructure. While this

applies to all municipalities,

we are moving away from a

one-size-fits-all approach.

The notion of every district

or local municipality having

the powers and functions of a

WSA, yet viability and capacity

is questionable, is an obvious

problem. Already, a number

of support interventions in

specific targeted municipalities

have been identified and will

be implemented as a matter of

extreme urgency. We are also

developing specific provincial

action plans, alongside

the premiers, to deal with

challenges that could be

classified as cross-cutting.

Ageing infrastructure and

maintenance and the lack of

technical capacity are two

such examples.

We will also be working

with the South African Local

Government Association

on matters related to

water tarif fs, water losses

and preservation.

Going back to the theme of integration, what action is being taken to improve planning across water and sanitation? We have estimated that

the investment required in

new water and sanitation

infrastructure over the next

decade will be in the region of

R670 billion. This is across the

whole value chain and cannot

be done in isolation. The NDP

contains strategic integrated

projects (SIPS) and SIP 18

requires the development of a

comprehensive and integrated

investment framework for water

and sanitation that we are now

working on. This framework

will inform budgeting and

integrated planning based

on a life-cycle approach,

which includes planning and

construction costs, operation

and maintenance,

financing costs

and the costs of

sustainable water

management.

You have mentioned the harmonisation of roles and

respon-sibilities of institutions and spheres within Government. What can the private sector do to add their support? We call

on consulting engineers

especially to par tner with us

on the basis of providing a

better life for all. Consulting

engineers are capable of

delivering innovative solutions

within the context of life-cycle

design and planning of the

needed infrastructure. It is not

business as usual; the delivery

we are determined to achieve

will be done so in par tnership

with the private sector.

Structures like the

Presidential Infrastructure

Coordinating Committee and

Operation Phakisa are there for

us to engage and develop an

optimal environment for deliv-

ery and the private sector is

very much a part of these.

“This framework will inform budgeting and integrated planning based on a life-cycle approach,

which includes planning and construction costs, operation and maintenance, fi nancing costs and the

costs of sustainable water management.”

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Stepping out ofthe marginsThe development of human settlements, be it new settlements or upgrading existing ones, has an impact on society far beyond the intended recipients. With stability and permanence come exponential business opportunities that impact the surrounding communities.

THE JOHANNESBURG Development

Agency (JDA) has prioritised three

strategic nodes for upgrading human

settlements: Sol Plaatjie, Kliptown

and Diepsloot in Gauteng.

These selected areas focus on neighbour-

hoods with large, residential, low-income

populations. The intention is to develop

sustainable economic hubs to shift jobs

and economic opportunities closer to

where these lower-income people live and

develop public amenities and easy access to

affordable public transport facilities.

The medium-term implementation

time frame, which concludes in 2016, is

guided by the City of Johannesburg’s Growth

Management Strategy and the Gauteng

2055 discussion document.

Full municipal servicesIn addition to these precinct developments,

the JDA is providing technical assistance

to the city’s Directorate of Health to build

and refurbish a number of clinics across

the city. The JDA is also assisting to build

roads and upgrade services in Sol Plaatjie

to support the development of new hous-

ing. The JDA will play a supporting role for

the Department of Development Planning

to ensure that infrastructure investment

in Diepsloot is coordinated. In particular,

the JDA will participate in the Diepsloot

Coordinating Forum meetings.

Property development facilitation work in

the marginalised areas includes developing

a small-scale retail programme that brings

together a retail development partner, a

funding partner and the city to develop

small, mixed-use properties along activity

streets in Diepsloot and other priority areas.

Kliptown developmentThe history of development proposals for

Kliptown extends as far back as the early

1990s with emergency services provided to

the area. In 2001, a new development project

was drawn up and partially implemented over

the following five years.

The Greater Kliptown Development

Framework of

1996 made

p r o p o s a l s

for boost-

ing Freedom

Square as a

historical tourism site, with a museum, pub-

lic spaces, a park and a mix of shops and

informal trading.

The Greater Kliptown Development Project,

also referred to as the Greater Kliptown

Regeneration Development, was established

in November 2001 under the auspices of

Blue IQ. The JDA was appointed as the imple-

menting agent.

The initial impetus for the Kliptown project

was to commemorate the 50th anniversary

of the adoption of the Freedom Charter in

Kliptown. This commemoration would centre

on architecturally upgrading Freedom Square.

The Greater Kliptown Development Project

was initiated with the launch of an architec-

tural competition to design Freedom Square

in April 2002. The square was renamed the

Walter Sisulu Square of Dedication (WSSD).

In addition to the WSSD, the JDA built a

new taxi facility, improved access roads,

rehabilitated the wetlands and constructed

community facilities, including a museum.

Public environmental improvementsIn 2010, the JDA began a new four-year

project to extend the public environment

improvements to the residential and busi-

ness areas around the WSSD. The work

that has been completed so far includes:

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• upgrading the Union Pedestrian Bridge and installing new

ramps and building pedestrian areas across the railway line

• installing 600 m of paving and lighting to create a safe pedes-

trian walkway along the railway’s western side

• a public environment upgrade of Union, Beacon, Future and

Main roads, and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th avenues; Daffodil

Street, Klipspruit Valley Road and the Northern Precinct (the

street and pavement upgrades were intended to create an

improved environment for economic activity in the neighbour-

hood around the WSSD and create safe public environments

for pedestrians walking to public transit services; and improve

or rehabilitate basic municipal services such as stormwater

drainage and street lighting)

• installing CCTV around the square

• repairing tower mast lights and installing new cables at the

visitor centre and street lighting behind the WSSD

• refurbishing the study centre, crèche and community hall

• refurbishing the youth centre

• building sports facilities (basketball and netball courts)

• upgrading the public park

• upgrading the soccer facility and landscaping at the

visitor centre

• installing artwork commemorating the area’s history

This phase of development is scheduled for completion by the

end of 2014. The focus will be on upgrading the 5th Avenue and

Union Road soccer facility and constructing a small park oppo-

site the Soweto Hotel.

Diepsloot developmentThe Diepsloot township was established in 1994 to relocate

informally settled households from Zevenfontein. It subsequently

accommodated informal settlers relocated from the Alexandra

Far East Bank in 1995.

Diepsloot covers approximately 5.18 km². It is located on the

northern edge of the metropolitan council area, some 40 km

from the Johannesburg inner city and 20 km north of Sandton.

It is in close proximity to the Fourways regional node and the

Midrand corridor. Diepsloot is bordered by the N14 highway to

the north and William Nicol to the east. The Diepsloot area falls

under Region A in the City of Johannesburg’s administration,

comprising Ward 95 and 96.



The City of Johannesburg’s Development

Programme for Diepsloot intends to estab-

lish the area as a socially, economically and

environmentally sustainable human settle-

ment that is spatially integrated into the

City of Johannesburg, with access to basic

services and opportunities for social mobility

and economic development.

The City of Johannesburg has implemented

the following initiatives:

• a public environment upgrade of Ingonyama

Road in 2009/10

• constructing two pedestrian bridges,

upgrading the taxi rank and constructing

commuter links between the bridges and

Ingonyama Road from the Expanded Public

Works Programme fund

• completing the public environment upgrade

along Ingonyama Road in 2011/12

• planning and design work for the Ingonyama

link road extension in 2012/13

• the 2013/14 scope of works will entail the

first phase implementation of Ingonyama

link road extension, including paving side-

walks, upgrading stormwater drains and

kerbing, road surfacing for 1.3 km, plant-

ing at least 200 new street trees and

installing 80 street lights and associated

electrical reticulation infrastructure.

City of Johannesburg clinics programmeThe City of Johannesburg’s Directorate of

Health appointed the JDA to manage its capi-

tal works programme in 2011/12, 2012/13

and 2013/14.

In the first year, the JDA appointed a

professional team to design a model clinic

that could be adapted for any site. Some

work was done to prepare two clinic sites

for construction, and costing was done for

the budget request for future work. In the

second year, one clinic was refurbished

and three new clinics were completed. The

clinics are Petervale Clinic in Bryanston,

Davidsonville in Roodepoort and Freedom

Park near Eldorado Park.

In 2013/14, the City of Johannesburg

aims to construct clinics in Mountainview,

Mpumelelo and Slovoville. The clinics will

offer improved healthcare and access to

healthcare facilities for the communities in

these areas.

Sol PlaatjieThe Gauteng Department of Housing con-

ceived the Sol Plaatjie Housing Development

in the early 2000s. After initiating the

project, it was ceded to the Johannesburg

Social Housing Company via the City of

Johannesburg Housing Department in the

beginning of 2006.

In 2012/13, it was requested that the

JDA take on the role of implementing agent

to build road infrastructure on behalf of

the city’s Department of Housing and the

Johannesburg Social Housing Company. This

is regarded as a technical assistance project

in the JDA portfolio. The JDA completed the

first phase of the roads and stormwater

construction projects in Sol Plaatjie Area 1

and Area 2.

The JDA has now been appointed to help

implement internal roads construction, and

construction on associated stormwater

and attenuation ponds for Sol Plaatjie in

2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16.

In addition, the JDA has requested permis-

sion to appoint an urban designer to develop

an urban design framework for Sol Plaatjie.

The area is identified as a priority for high-

density, affordable residential accommoda-

tion. The vision is for a transformed area, with

vacant and underutilised land developed for

higher-density housing and supporting social

facilities. This will lead to development oppor-

tunities that will attract private sector invest-

ment, including business development.

ABOVE The new Diepsloot taxi rank

OPPOSITE Walter Sisulu Square in Kliptown

“The JDA will play a supporting role for the Department of Development Planning to ensure that infrastructure investment in Diepsloot is coordinated”

SOCIAL HOUSING

Elevating social housing Prudent sourcing and selection of building materials, fittings and fixtures has delivered Lakehaven Phase II – a groundbreaking social housing project that will definitely raise the bar in the housing arena. Nicholas McDiarmid talks to Dirk Meyer, managing director of Corobrik, about this greenfield project.

MEYER SAYS that Corobrik is

proud to have been associ-

ated with what is Durban’s

third greenfield project.

Lakehaven Phase II has a proud lineage.

Its predecessor, Phase I, received the

coveted Social Housing Project of the Year

2011 award from the Southern African

Housing Foundation.

“Lakehaven Phase II takes this a step fur-

ther. Through the far-sighted substitution of

cheaper building materials with higher-quality

building materials, First Metro Housing and

construction, cost and project managers

HDH have redefined social housing and

made it aspirational,” he says.

Social housing is a government-subsidised

rental or cooperative housing option for

people with monthly household incomes of

between R1 500 and R7 500. Lakehaven

Phase I comprises 312 units. The second

phase provides a further 280 units in 34

double-storey blocks of flats. Construction

began in early 2013 and it is on track for

completion by mid-year. The first 88 units

are already occupied. Selection of tenants

for the remaining units will begin during the

second half of the year.

A full houseEach unit has two bedrooms, a bathroom,

an open-plan kitchen and fully tiled living

area with a DSTV point. A granite kitchen

counter top, taps and aluminium windows

are quality features.

A gated, security-controlled entrance and

individual parking bays provide a step up for

social housing. There are also plans to cre-

ate a park, sports field and community hall.


in eThekwiniAll upgrades were facilitated well within

strict budgetary constraints and to meet

strict objectives outlined by government.

Mehmood Hoosen, HDH’s principal agent,

points out that, while costs were kept low,

the end product was of a high standard to

the point where Lakehaven Phase II had

definitely added value to the area.

Making the best choicesHe says his company worked within strict

parameters but had enjoyed a great deal

of flexibility when it came to overall design

and choice of materials. “We may have

started with a blank page but it was not

straightforward. We put a project team

together and then workshopped (the pro-

ject) in terms of finishes. It was about find-

ing the best products for the development.

It came down to speaking to people like

Corobrik to make the best choices.”

Hoosen says that the objective was

to deliver a quality project through an

improved choice of materials and top-notch

workmanship. “When you look at housing

delivery, you realise that these units are

made available to tenants from low-income

households who are paying minimal rent. For

them, living in something similar elsewhere

would be unaffordable. We are able to pro-

vide a home that is much more than a rental

unit while allowing them to have greater

disposable income for a better lifestyle and

to fund important aspects such as education

for their children.”

Building a communityIn line with capital subsidies provided

through the Institutional Subsidy and the

Capital Restructuring Grant, social hous-

ing developments must adhere to strict

principles that extend beyond construction.

Government policy calls for the integrated

provision of services, which involves the

inclusion of social facilities in a location that

is close to both cultural amenities and work

opportunities. This approach also provides

for better spatial planning and greening of

the environment.

First Metro Housing, Lakehaven’s devel-

oper, was established in December 1998

and is Durban’ s foremost social housing

company. As an independent Section 21

Company, it is responsible for the develop-

ment and management of social housing in

the eThekwini region. Its primary purpose is

the development of quality and affordable

residential rental accommodation for low- to

medium-income households.

The company was awarded the KwaZulu-

Natal Housing Developer of the Year award

in 2002 by the Institute for Housing in rec-

ognition for its pioneering efforts to provide

sustainable accommodation for the lower- to

middle-income rental market.

Environment and aestheticsIn addition to aesthetic considerations,

Hoosen pointed out that environmental con-

cerns are top of the First Metro Housing

agenda. In line with these, greening of the

environment and the planting of trees as

well as the selection of building materi-

als with low carbon footprints was impor-

tant. Corobrik products were well suited to

the Lakehaven project and included their

Country Cottage face bricks, clay Ironstone

pavers and Geolok 400 retaining blocks.

Face brick was used instead of stain-

less steel for balustrades. Aprons around

the buildings were redesigned so that the

vibrant colours of the Ironstone pavers could

be introduced in place of concrete, while

Corobrik Geolock retaining blocks provided

for a practical and attractive landscaping

throughout the complex.

Maintenance and sustainabilityHoosen points out that his client, First Metro

Housing, was responsible for maintenance

for the next 20 years. Corobrik products

allow for near-zero maintenance. For exam-

ple, the face brick inserts will require no

maintenance whereas stainless steel balus-

trades need to be cleaned every six months

to remove a patina that tends to develop

on the surface, especially in the warm,

coastal climate.

In addition, he says, the choice of Corobrik

products enhances the sustainability of the

housing project. “These products will last

longer and are more sustainable. When we

build, we need to look at the aesthetics as

Newly completed homes built at Lakehaven Phase II at Newlands East in KwaZulu-Natal


“We are able to provide a home that is much more than a rental unit while allowing them to have greater disposable income for a better lifestyle and to fund important aspects such as education for their children.” Mehmood Hoosen, principal agent, HDH

SOCIAL HOUSING

well as how we will impact on the environ-

ment. This is the first time we have gone

this route and our client is happy with

the outcome.”

On the aesthetic side, Hoosen notes

that Country Cottage face bricks blend well

with the environment and provide a design-

enhancing contrast to plastered walls. Face

A vision for the futureHoosen says that, going forward,

HDH would take a similar approach

when selecting materials for future

social housing projects as well as

with the construction process itself.

He says that during the building

of Lakehaven Phase II, they had

prioritised the empowerment of

women and youth both from within the

immediate community and the broader

eThekwini region.

Meyer says that this was a per fect

fit with the vision of Corobrik, which

endorsed both environmental and commu-

nity upliftment via its own corporate social

investment initiatives.

brick was also used to build communal

facilities such as refuse storage areas. He

says that the tone and texture blend very

well with the environment while meeting

engineering requirements.

He adds that the Geolock retainers are a

pleasant pink colour, which also blends well

with the environment.

Abdool Mahomed of Corobrik and Mehmood Hoosen, HDH’s principal agent, outside one of the blocks of flats built at Lakehaven

SOCIAL HOUSING


Why don’t you contact us today?t 011 929 7000 f 011 929 7031 [email protected] www.erwat.co.za

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The recent restructuring of the Department of Water and Sanitation has put sanitation on the map. ERWAT (East Rand Water Care Company), is a leader in providing wastewater services and poised to get behind the new department’s core vision: ‘Water is life, sanitation is dignity.’

IT GOES BEYOND that though:

“Ever yone is sitting downstream

from wastewater treatment and the

discharged contaminants. Treating

wastewater properly is a major contribution

to the availability of potable water, which is

a scarce resource in South Africa. By treat-

ing wastewater properly, prior to discharge

into the natural resource, you ensure that

the infrastructure used for treating potable

water is protected and relevant for its

intended use.

For example, you cannot use the con-

ventional water treatment technology to

treat some of the pollutants that the

plant was not designed for, like acid

mine drainage. If it makes its way into

the potable water system, it will have a

massive impact and capital investment

in new and appropriate technology will be

required to remedy the situation. This will

ultimately increase the price of potable

water,” states Mikgane Tsotetsi, executive

manager: commercial business.

A complex businessWastewater treatment is a complex enter-

prise, being far more than simply setting

up and commissioning a treatment plant.

It entails the ability to understand the

context in which the plant will operate,

the future of its environment, monitoring

and maintenance, the enforcement of by-

laws, asset management, plant upgrades

and refurbishment and highly trained

personnel. ERWAT leads the way in all

these elements.

ERWAT already holds a significant posi-

tion in the South African water industry,

providing wastewater services to approxi-

mately 2 000 industries and more than

3.5 million people.

Commercial business divisionAs custodian of 19 wastewater treatment

works and treating some 696 megalitres

of water per day, this innovative company

is set to make a crucial contribution to

solving South Africa’s water challenges,

notably through its commercial business

Into actionERWAT


division. Providing surveys, studies and

technical services to clients in the public

and private sectors, this division offers

a complete wastewater solution within

the broader context of the South African

water sector.

“As far as implementation of rolling out our

services to municipalities is concerned, we

are now way beyond the feasibility stage,”

states Tsotetsi. “Around South Africa, you

find similar problems in municipalities when

it comes to wastewater treatment and

management, and we are familiar with

these challenges from our previous feasibil-

ity studies that were conducted in various

provinces and have the solutions to them.”

The municipal challengeThere is a dire need for these services, as

Tsotetsi explains: “We have found during

our technical site assessments, research

and reporting, that many municipalities’

wastewater treatment systems are in a dire

state. When the function of implementing

and maintaining these plants fell to them,

they fell short. Preventative maintenance is

almost non-existent and they really strug-

gle to retain skilled personnel.” These

issues lead to plant and equipment failures

which not only require replacement at great

expense, but put communities at risk.

Water and Sanitation Minister Nomvulo

Mokonyane recently hosted a Water

Summit, in which wastewater got a lot of

attention. Tsotetsi attended the summit

and emphasises that ERWAT is ready to

play its role. “The time for action is now,”

he says. “We were invited to the summit

and, in general, are very pleased at the

emphasis now being placed on sanita-

tion within the water cycle. We hear that

the department is taking sanitation very

seriously and this was evidenced by the

department’s determination that at least

7% of their total budgets should be com-

mitted towards maintenance and manage-

ment of wastewater treatment infrastruc-

ture.” This, believes Tsotetsi, will go a long

way towards securing the sustainability of

this infrastructure throughout all the local

COMPANY PROFILE

COMPANY PROFILE

authorities. It will ensure infrastructure is

maintained and that skills are attracted

and retained outside metropolitan areas.

A deeper understanding“When we visit a municipality and start our

technical and process audit, research and

reporting, we try to get alongside them.

It is very important that people in charge

do not feel fear ful of poor results. If they

do, they are unlikely to be transparent

about the report, which means progress

cannot be made,” explains Tsotetsi. “We

take the Green Drop reports and look at

all the criteria and see how they have been

assessed in their report. We do not address

compliance in isolation. Each element influ-

ences the whole, and where sometimes

a municipal manager or technician looks

at their report and simply wants to fix the

lower-scoring elements, we have to show

them that the systems and procedures are

far more integrated than that. It requires a

comprehensive set of procedures and oper-

ating standards to achieve compliance, not

simply fixing a small problem.”

Tsotetsi places great emphasis on view-

ing systems as a whole: “We cannot imple-

ment interventions in isolation. Taking

the Blue and Green Drop reports as a

yardstick, we will measure process con-

trol, maintenance and management skills,

by-law enforcement measures, treatment

capacity of the works and asset manage-

ment, for example. All the criteria should

be addressed to ensure correct discharge

and water quality standards. If all the

municipality does is compliance testing

and ignores the other criteria required for

the Green or Blue Drop audits, they are

going to miss opportunities to optimise

their plants and operations.”

ERWAT recently completed a full oper-

ational and technical survey of all of

Limpopo’s municipalities and visited about

73 wastewater plants. “We looked at

every wastewater treatment plant from

an operational and technical perspective

and we found that the current status

of this infrastructure and the technology

including process control, maintenance

and management skills as well as asset

management need urgent attention.” After

completing the report, ERWAT has been

engaged by some of the municipalities to

address these challenges. ERWAT was,

for example, appointed by the Bela-Bela

Municipality and is also working closely

with Sekhukhune District Municipality to

implement the findings of the report.

Grey water for allERWAT was recently contracted by one of

the biggest parastatals to address their

discharge issues at all their operations

around the country in an effor t to check

their compliance to their permits and

ensure the protection of the country’s

national resources.

“Our team of experts, ranging from project

managers to technicians, went out on-site

and conducted studies of pollution point of

source within the company origin and then

offered technological solutions to address

the pollutants. We are also helping the

same parastatal to recycle their water so

that they can rely on their own grey water

without paying for (and removing from the

system) potable water,” Tsotetsi explains.

ERWAT is also supplying their own treated

grey water to industries in the Ekurhuleni

area, for both industrial application and

irrigation. “We are also working with com-

panies that have been tasked with getting

rid of some of the mine dumps. They will

now be using grey water to process slurry,

which is going to save them an awful lot

financially, while protecting the environ-

ment at the same time. Golf courses –

which are very heavy consumers of water

– are also buying into using grey water for

irrigation.” Other industries that could ben-

efit from using grey water include pulp and

paper manufacturers and power stations.

ERWAT also offers complete technical

assessments for the needs of communi-

ties in the long term: “It is essential

that you factor in population growth and

industrial growth in areas to ensure that

capacity is sufficient for at least the next

decade. We have seen situations where

this hasn’t happened and plants have

been working beyond their capacity from

the day of commissioning. Using integrated

development plans is essential in manag-

ing this kind of situation.”

Sustainable supportERWAT has a role to play in South Africa’s

water sector: beyond its work with industry

and parastatals, its ability and capacity to

support municipalities should be a game

changer. With laboratory facilities, techni-

cal expertise, operational know-how and

research capacity, it is per fectly structured

to come alongside ailing municipalities,

put their houses in order and assist them

in keeping it that way.

ERWAT’s services are geared to get

municipalities to the point of compliance

that is now demanded of them, thanks to

the newly established Department of Water

and Sanitation together with to COGTA’s

mandate under Pravin Gordhan. It is time

to stop the waste.

“Operational and maintenance budgets must now be ring-fenced, with an allocated budget strictly committed for refurbishments and maintenance of infrastructure in order to prolong its useful lifespan.” Mikgane Tsotetsi, executive

manager, commercial business

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SAPPMAPIPES VIII

SAPPMA | PIPES VIII

Plastic pipe manufacturers

and suppliers are increasingly focused

on quality, innovation, standards and testing

as HDPE and PVC pipes continue to

prove their value in the market place. An integral part of

this progress is ensuring that end

users understand the products’ properties

and get the best performance possible.

Nicholas McDiarmid presents a summary of what was presented at the South Africa Plastic

Pipes Manufacturing Association (SAPPMA)

annual conference, Pipes VIII.

A word from SAPPMA

JAN VENTER, chairman of SAPPMA,

noted that: “This is still the only

event of its kind, providing special-

ised technical information to people

who design, specify, manufacture or buy

plastic piping systems.” Reflecting on the

state of the industry, concerns that are

becoming increasingly apparent nationwide

have also had a deep impact on the plastic

pipes industry.

“The plastic pipe industry again finds

itself in a situation of low demand, together

with the accompanying negative conse-

quences,” noted Venter. “This is unfor-

tunate, because it is arguably one of the

most important industries in the country. It

is critically important, in fact, as it provides

the means of supplying clean water and the

disposal of effluent.”

There are not too many other industries

that operate under these conditions, “pro-

viding a community service by manufac-

turing products that need to last for 100

A new waveyears, while gross margins are being sup-

pressed to unacceptably low levels, due to

poor demand,” opined Venter.

SAPPMA’s message to government was

clear: the time for delivering on its prom-

ises is long overdue, and if an effective roll-

out of infrastructure projects is not soon

realised, the impact on this industry will be

profound. “The Department of Water Affairs

and Sanitation tabled a budget of R7.8 bil-

lion for the current financial year, of which

a large portion will hopefully be spent on

pipelines. We trust this will indeed hap-

pen,” said Venter.

SAPPMA’s message to the industry was

somewhat more upbeat: “The medium-

to long-term outlook for piping systems

is good and, before long, we may again

find ourselves in a position of strain on

installed capacity.

“Let us therefore make sure that we

do not compromise on standards while

the going is tough, but rather be tough

ourselves and ensure we do not lose our


PLASTIC PIPES IN REVIEW

“The plastic pipe industry again fi nds itself in a situation of low demand, together with the accompanying negative

consequences.”Jan Venter, chairman,

SAPPMA

long-term view and affinity for this indus-

try,” concluded Venter.

The behaviour of leaks in plastic pipesSouth Africa has a profound level of unac-

counted-for water loss. Recent research

suggests this to be as high as 37%. The

University of Cape Town has been conduct-

ing research into the behaviour of leaks in

distribution systems, with particular focus

on uPVC and HDPE pipes. The findings of

this research were presented by Kobus van

Zyl of the University of Cape Town

“Plastic is the most commonly used

pipe material for new water distribution

system developments worldwide. Like all

other materials, plastic pipes develop

leaks through various mechanisms such

as excessive system pressures, external

loads, construction damage and manufac-

turing defects,” reported Van Zyl.

“Leaks in pipes are not static, but change

due to variations in system pressure,

visco-elastic creep, plastic deformation

and erosion due to soil-leak interaction.

Understanding the behaviour of leaks in

pipes may be useful for water loss and

pressure management, leak detection, con-

struction practices and the manufacturing

of pipes.”

Thermoplastic pipe standardsMike Smart of Genesis Consulting, in an

overview of the role thermoplastic piping

systems play in our lives, emphasised

the significance of thermoplastic piping

systems to the quality of our lives through

water supply, sewage disposal and mainte-

nance of the environment.

The availability of cheap local and import-

ed products that do not conform to relevant

standards are a particular hazard to the

industry, placing its reputation at risk and

leading to weak and/or failing systems.

Smart provided insight into the applicable

standards, the rigorous quality control of

locally produced products, particularly by

SAPPMA members, as well as the world-

class technology of the products.

He concluded with a cautionary note to

insist on SABS Mark products and SAPPMA-

marked products and not be seduced into

purchasing cheap, nonconforming local or

imported counter feit products.

A dangerous compromise: quality versus cost

Ian Venter of Marley Pipe Systems voiced

a major concern affecting the industry:

“In an economic society where most com-

modities are designed to sell, not to last,

the reality is that, in order to provide the

lowest price and remain competitive, qual-

ity standards are often compromised. To

achieve lower costs, plastic pipe producers

make trade-offs in:

• the quality of raw materials

• the quality of PE pipe fittings

• quality specifications

• quality management processes

• social and environmental responsibility.”

Venter noted that purchasing decisions are

too often made on the basis of cost alone

without understanding the hidden costs and

risks of substandard pipe systems. “Part of

the problem is that there is little awareness

of the industry standards and specifications

such as those prescribed by the SABS and

ISO, and the consequences of nonconform-

ity to these standards in relation to the

overall life cycle of pipe systems.”

Marley Pipes Systems employs watertight

systems, state-of-the-art testing equipment

and manufacturing standards that are

transparent and compliant. The company

has worked with the SABS and SAPPMA

towards the development in standards and

“Understanding the behaviour of leaks in pipes may be useful for water loss and pressure management, leak detection, construction practices and the manufacturing of pipes.” Kobus van Zyl,

University of Cape Town

SAPPMA | PIPES VIII


Mike Smart, Genesis Consulting


industry norms, contributing to the develop-

ment of the industry’s reputation.

Field pressure testing 101Renier Snyman, technical and product

manager at DPI Plastics, also began his

presentation with a concern: “As a techni-

cal person in the plastic pipe industry, I

regularly come across engineers, install-

ers and contractors that do not properly

understand the procedure for field pressure

testing, as specified in SANS 2001-DP2. I

find that the purpose of field pressure test-

ing is often misunderstood and that details

like test pressure and test duration are

often misinterpreted.”

Snyman’s presentation provided guidance

in terms of the reason for, and correct

method of, per forming the field pressure

test on plastic pressure pipelines. He also

outlines the equipment needed to prop-

erly per form a pressure test and the topic

of equipment condition and calibration

is discussed.

Quality assurance in PE piping systems: elimination of failures when connecting pipes With a history of almost 80 years, polyeth-

ylene in its current form has been around

almost 20 years. Colm Lyons, regional

sales manager for GF Piping Systems,

explored why failures on PE pipes still

occur and what methods are available to

eliminate potential failures. On behalf of

GF Piping, he presented the next innova-

tive steps the company is taking to make

its Utility Piping Systems safer in the very

near future.

Observing that it should be possible to

eliminate all failures when installing PE

pressure pipes, Lyons gave an overview

of GF Piping’s automated manufacturing

process for PE fittings and the methods of

controlling these fittings after production

using, for example, X-ray technology and

noted that on the manufacturing side, eve-

rything is done to reach outstanding quali-

ty. “It is of course of utmost importance, as

the same fittings are used when installing

gas pipes up to 10 bar pressure,” he said.

Broadly speaking, GF Piping Systems

develops, produces and markets a com-

prehensive range of piping systems and

components in a variety of materials used

worldwide to transport water, gases and

aggressive media.

Quality fittings: your link to a reliable systemJacques van Eck, sales manager at

Klamflex Pipe Couplings as well as product

manager: PVC and imported fittings at

Petzetakis Africa, is passionate about qual-

ity and actively involved in various technical

committees and forums to ensure that

quality standards regarding products and

installation methods are adhered to.

“Joints have always been the weakest

link in a piping system but, with price being

the deciding factor in purchasing, poor-

quality fittings are often being installed in

applications where they are bound to fail,”

“I fi nd that the purpose of fi eld pressure testing is often misunderstood and that details like test pressure and test duration are often misinterpreted.” Renier Snyman, technical and product manager at DPI Plastics

SAPPMA | PIPES VIII

“Part of the problem is that there is little awareness of the industry standards and specifi cations... and the consequences of nonconformity to these standards in relation to the overall life cycle of pipe systems.” Ian Venter, Marley Pipe Systems

Colm Lyons, regional sales manager for GF Piping Systems

“Joints have always been the weakest link in a piping system but, with price being the deciding factor in purchasing, poor-quality fi ttings are often being installed in applications where they are bound to fail.” Jacques van Eck, sales manager, Klamfl ex Pipe Couplings; product manager: PVC and Imported Fittings, Petzetakis Africa

Po Box 1970Krugersdorp12 Mould StreetBoltania1740

t 011 660 1064 | f 011 660 1063Email [email protected] | [email protected]

• Manufacturers of HDPE Reducers• Butt welding stub-ends and Electrofusion welding

stub-ends to SABS ISO 4427 speci cations• Moulded bend and tee ttings• Recycling & Pelletizing of HDPE pipes

said Van Eck, whose concern echoes that

of several other speakers.

“Quality, ease of installation, longevity

and ease/cost of maintenance are gener-

ally overlooked and real cost saving comes

from the designing of the system and not

purchasing of the components.”

With the myriad pipe joining options out

there, Van Eck’s presentation aimed to

provide decision-makers with the tools and

the knowledge to make informed decisions

that will go a long way to ensure the sus-

tainability of the piping systems.

While quality and standards were very

much the watchwords of this conference,

other focuses included training, trenchless

methods and the use of HDPE for potable

water reticulation.

From training provider to performance consultantQuoting Blade Nzimande when she said,

“Every workplace is a training place,”

Kir tida Bhana, training executive of Plastics

SA, is passionate about finding non-

traditional yet practical ways of making

every plastics manufacturing workplace a

learning space.

Bhana highlighted concerns, challenges

and solutions to the complex issue of

skills development in South Africa, while

acknowledging that every effor t made in

the workplace to address the skills gaps

should be made in favour of empow-

erment, skills development, ef ficiency

and competitiveness.

“Do you need fancy training rooms and

fancy equipment to do this? No, no and

no again,” she emphasised. “Learning can


SAPPMA | PIPES VIII

“Learning can happen everywhere, even in your workplace and while working.” Kirtida Bhana, training executive of Plastics SA

SAPPMA | PIPES VIII


happen everywhere, even in your workplace

and while working.

“Learning is the ability to acquire new

ideas from experience and retain them as

memories,” Bhana quoted Eric Kandel of

Columbia University (Nobel Laureate for

work on learning and memory).

According to Bhana, the existing plas-

tic manufacturing qualifications have only

been in effect since 2010. “As a result,

the qualifications and training undergone

by many employees who were trained and

qualified before this time are not being

recognised. Plastics SA has developed a

series of steps to prepare candidates for

an integrated summative assessment. The

process star ts with learners assessing

themselves against the specific outcomes

of the level of qualification they wish to

be assessed against, in order to gauge

their readiness.

“We facilitate the entire process, while

the learners gather relevant evidence of

their competencies,” she explained.

Thermally Fused PVC Pipe Helps Accelerate Adoption of Trenchless Pipe Installation TechniquesIn North America, trenchless pipe instal-

lation methods continue to see rapid

adoption growth in municipal markets,

with 71% of utilities having used trench-

less methods in the past 12 months. This

“The three most recognised trenchless installation methods for pressure pipes – horizontal directional drilling, slip lining and pipe

bursting – are seeing rapid growth in application.” Andrew Seidel, CEO,

Underground Solutions

For all your compression, universal,

Durban:

Tel: +27 31 539 7451Fax: +27 31 539 7053 or 086 618 3056 Johannesburg:

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POLYROVER ALL TERRAIN

adoption rate is a function of improving

equipment, installation experience and

improved materials.

Andrew Seidel, CEO of

Underground Solutions,

discussed the fused

PVC pipe technology

that is enabling trench-

less growth and high-

lighted two case studies

where fused PVC was

utilised: a 1 158 m HDD

bore with 600 mm and

150 mm pipe pulled in

simultaneously under

a live airport runway in

Portland, Oregon, and a


water utility in Colorado that installed over

45 000 m of fused PVC via pipe bursting.

“The three most recognised trench-

less installation methods for pressure

for the pipe industry in the Middle East and

Asia, and based in the UAE, presented a

paper. The paper continued the theme of

innovations in trenchless technologies.

During the lifetime of a pipeline, a point

is reached where the cost of water loss,

leakage management, maintenance and

repair works, together with the poor service

to the customer, justifies its replacement

or rehabilitation. Trenchless rehabilitation

techniques can have a lower cost and

cause substantially less disruption to exist-

ing assets and the general population than

conventional open-cut techniques.

As trenchless technology has developed

and increased in use, so has the use of

PE pipes in applications such as slip lining,

close-fit lining and pipe bursting. The major-

ity of pipeline renovation and replacement

techniques now use polyethylene as their

principal pipe material and the techniques

have been developed to the point where

they have been used to rehabilitate pipe-

lines of up to 1 400 mm internal diameter.

Their presentation provided an introduc-

tion to the different methods by which

“One of the very fi rst applications for pressure pipes made from HDPE was drinking water pipes.” Ulrich Schulte

pipes – horizontal directional drilling, slip

lining and pipe bursting – are seeing rapid

growth in application,” explained Seidel.

“Improved methods and materials have

stretched the limits of these technologies,

allowing longer, larger pipes and increased

project constraints to be managed.”

New pipe joining methodologies for ther-

moplastic pipe materials, and the advent

of thermally fused PVC pipe, have had the

largest impacts on the growth of these

installation modes in North American water

and wastewater infrastructure.

Rehabilitating pipelines using polyethylene pipes and linersFarraj Tashman and Andrew Wedgner of

Borouge, a leading raw materials partner

SAPPMA | PIPES VIII

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HEAD OFFICE: 011 906 8000 DURBAN: 031 902 2440 RARE PLASTICS: 016 362 2868 ZAMBIA: 00260 973 417 496 [email protected] I www.rare.co.za

• Pipeline repair and rehabilitation

• HDPE lining of new and existing steel pipelines

• • Manufacturers of HDPE pipe. Sizes available from

110mm to 1000mm • PVDF supply and installation• Double containment HDPE piping• Pipeline installations• Cost effective water treatment solutions

water pipelines can be rehabilitated using

polyethylene pipes and liners through the

use of a variety of trenchless technology

techniques. It also explained how engi-

neers and other technical staff working

for water utilities can use the standard

ISO 11295 to help identify and specify

the most appropriate technique for their

particular situation.

The original polyethylene pipe materials

were not intended for such applications

and so the greater use of polyethylene

in trenchless technology has been a key

driver in the development of tougher mate-

rials. One development has been PE100

materials that have a high resistance to

slow crack growth through the wall of the

pipes. Such materials are referred to as

HSCR PE100 and PE100-RC.

Tashman also explained how slow crack

growth can be initiated by the use of trench-

less technology applications and how the

new generation of PE100 materials resist

the growth of cracks through the pipe wall.

HDPE for drinking water pipes: the European experience

Ulrich Schulte of Germany provided what

turned out to be a truly fascinating history

of the implementation of HDPE pipes in

Europe for the purposes of distributing

potable water.

“One of the very first applications for pres-

sure pipes made from HDPE was drinking

water pipes. A survey of the German DVGW

dated back to 1961 identified already

449 km of water service pipes made from

HDPE. A study on the residual lifetime of

these first generation pipes, again by DVGW,

resulted in a real lifetime of more than the

expected 50 years,” notes Schulte.

Schulte’s presentation covered the reg-

ulatory approach, the requirements and

the approval process followed by European

water utilities. Compulsory training of weld-

ers forms an important part of the scheme.

It also included case studies from utilities

in the German Ruhr area, and Scottish

Water confirms the positive experience with

HDPE pipes.

An example of the fascinating information

Schulte presented is from a survey carried

out in 1961 by the German DVGW, covering

the period from 1957 to 1960. Some of the

results include:

• there were 1085 water supply compa-

nies covered by the survey; of those,

599 replied

• these replies represented 43.7% of the

total German water supply industry

• 522 companies stated that they used

plastic pipes

• 123 companies used metal connectors

when laying HDPE pipes

• one company was already using butt-

fusion technology.

Schulte importantly observed that the com-

position of the water grids in a number of

selected European countries shows there

is a clear trend towards the growth of

this segment.

Professor Fanie van Vuuren of the

University of Pretoria presented on a con-

ceptual model for dealing with microbial

growth phenomena in pipelines and their

impact on hydraulics.

Amit Raga of the SABS presented on

conformity assessment and Alaster Goynes

spoke on the modelling of operating condi-

tions for gravity and low pressure pipelines

with factory tests.

SAPPMA | PIPES VIII

SAPPMA’s message to government: the time for delivering on promises is long overdue

Amit Raga of the SABS


ConclusionsThere can be no doubt that plastic pipes

can no longer be seen simply as an alter-

native to cement and steel pipes. Although

not appropriate for every application, inno-

vations and technologies are seeing the

applications for plastic pipes expand and,

with the right raw materials, exacting manu-

facturing and testing processes – quality

control, training and standards – the mate-

rial has come into its own.

Pipes VIII delivered on its promise and

once again presents a comprehensive over-

view of the latest information and opinions

on the industry.

all around us, sometimes invisible, but always present… an indispensable part of our daily lives, transporting clean drinking water; gas for heating our homes; drainage for the waste we produce and for surface water; and protection for our telecommunication systems… We’re talking PVC pipes, the hi-tech ‘lifelines’ of our complex, interconnected world... lifelines made possible by PVC.

The power of high performanceSuper-smooth, efficient PVC pipes outperform pipes made from traditional metals. Here’s why:

Exceptional smoothness: Unlike pipes made from traditional materials, the smooth walls of PVC pipes make it extremely difficult for sediment to accumulate. This is a major advantage for sewer pipe systems, which often need to transport waste water containing significant quantities of sediments.

Outstanding cost effectiveness: Lower levels of friction mean more water can flow through at much higher speeds through a pipe of a traditional material of the same size. This in turn means that PVC pipes of smaller diameters can be used – requiring less space in buildings and under our streets educing overall cost.

The power of positive impactCost effective products make a positive contribution to all areas of sustainable development because :

Save scarce money, thus promoting sustainableonomic development.

more affordable to socially disadvantaged people, both in industrialised and in developing countries; the money saved can be used to optimise sustainable social development.

The money saved by low cost products can be used to optimise sustainable ecological development. In fact, the lower levels of friction inherent in PVC pipes means water flow requires much less help from pumps and hence less energy. This translates into lower cost and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

This article was published by , a division of Sasol Chemical Industries Limited. For more information please contact Rishi Madho, PVC Product Manager 011 790 1325 or alternatively visit www.sasol.com.

A powerful case for

PVC pipes

www.sasol.comm

The power of a built-in lightweight advantageBeing light means that:

Fewer vehicles are needed to deliver PVC pipes than is the case with conventional pipes. Fewer vehicles mean less fuel consumption and significantly less environmental impact in getting pipes to site.

PVC pipes can be lifted into the trench without using heavy machinery. Once in the trench, PVC pipe systems are easily assembled by hand without the need for any other mechanical help. Making the joints, whether using push-fit or solvent cement, is a simple process which can be accomplished using basic hand tools ithout the need for extensive training.

The power of recyclability For a more sustainable future, society needs to use less of our valuable, non-renewable resources. Recycling is one of the keys to achieving this.

PVC pipes can be recycled over and over again without any degradation to their physical properties. In fact, it is quite common for commercial grades of PVC pipes to incorporate an internal structural layer made of recycled PVC with the exposed surfaces being covered by virgin material. ‘post use’ recycling is, however, limited as most PVC pipes have not yet reached the end of their service lives.

Powering up for growthThe South African government’s Infrastructure Plan is intended, amongst other things, to transform the economic landscape of South Africa and strengthen the delivery of basic services to the people of South Africa.

Low cost installation, outstanding durability, excellent hydraulic performance, low maintenance costs and recyclability, all add up to outstanding cost efficiency.

PVC pipes offer significant advantages as South Africa powers up for growth to the benefit of all.

The power of longevitySmoothness and cost effectiveness are not the only advantages of PVC pipes. Longevity is another key attribute. As a thermoplastic, PVC can be as soft as rubber or as strong as aluminum, depending on how it’s made. Its combination of strength and adaptable flexibility gives it a distinct advantage over fully rigid materials.

This is quickly apparent when you consider that any pipe buried in the ground must endure pressure from the weight of the soil above it, and must also resist stresses due to movements in the earth around it.

PVC pipes excel at conforming to these dual demands by having the capability to support great loads as well as the capacity to bend and flex if required. Without this ability to adapt, pipes are more likely to be damaged, resulting in a shortened lifespan for the entire pipe system.

In addition, pipe systems often experience locali ed concentrations of increased internal pressure. If the pipe is too rigid and inflexible, it can crack and leak. PVC pipes are able to flex and compensate for such pressure variations, thus reducing the risk of pipe ruptures and leaks.

PVC piping is very resistant to a wide range of chemicals like detergents and other aggressive chemicals that are commonly carried by sewer pipes or which may be found in the groundwater through which the pipelines pass. Unlike metal pipes do not corrode in service, so there is no weakening of the pipe over time through a loss of wall thickness.

Once installed, PVC pipes enjoy a legendary reputation for low maintenance without the problems of rust, pitting or corrosion to which traditional metals are susceptible. In fact, studies have shown PVC pipes could last more than 100 years without any serious degradation in their performance.

The power of versatilityPVC can be moulded, extruded and calendered into almost limitless numbers of shapes and forms.

Because of this versatility, a huge range of PVC pipe fittings have been developed which can connect to pipelines made from other materials. Using special adaptors, it is possible to make connections to clay, concrete, ductile iron (and of course other plastic pipes), thus ensuring that a secure interface is maintained and system integrity is guaranteed.

Pioneering Underground Technologies

www.herrenknecht.com

Tailor-madeIn the main project, the Emscher Sewage Tunnel, Herrenknecht customers are installing a total of 42 km of new pipelines. The 4 EPB Shields and 5 AVN Machines (Ø 2,065–3,625 mm) are fast, precise and safe.

SustainableIn the Ruhr area River Emscher eco-logical restoration project, for 20 years construction companies have relied on Herrenknecht tunnelling technology.

As newTop service: we professionally

refurbished our customers’ machines, ready for re-use.

TOP The Al Thummama and Al Rawada machines, prior to delivery from the Herrenknecht plant. In Qatar, a 9.7 km tunnel is being driven under one of the main streets in the centre of Doha’s lively south-western section while traffic continues to flow smoothly on the streets above

ABOVE Site assembly of the Herrenknecht tunnel boring machine, which is the first TBM to drive a tunnel in a segmental lining process in Qatar. Apart from the two Ab Hamour machines, the Emirate will also be deploying another 21 Herrenknecht EPB shields during construction of the Doha Metro

BELOW Early June saw Sheikh Abdul Rahman bin Khalifa Al Thani, Minister of Municipality and Urban Planning, visit the project undertaken by Qatar’s public works authority Ashghal. He visited the second Herrenknecht machine before it disappeared underground in July

Despite being one of the most arid landscapes on earth, Qatar experiences extensive

flash flooding in the densely populated capital of Doha.

ACOMPREHENSIVE drainage sys-

tem covering an area of 170 km²

aims to ensure improvement in

the southern section of the city

populated by half a million people.

Two Herrenknecht tunnel boring machines

are being deployed for the construction of

the almost 10 km tunnel, which is one of

several major infrastructure projects for

which the city has ordered more than 20

Herrenknecht machines.

Abu Hamour Southern Outfall ProjectTwo Herrenknecht tunnel boring machines

(TBM) are driving a tunnel 20 to 30 m

underground for the so-called Abu Hamour

Southern Outfall Project. The earth pressure

balance shields (EPBs), with a diameter of

4 470 mm, are designed for Doha’s soft

limestone soil. Muck comprising excavated

material serves as the support medium

for the EPB, providing the requisite pres-

sure balance at the tunnel face. Protected

by the shield skin, the tunnel is excavated

using ring-shaped reinforced concrete seg-

ments. These are transported through the

tunnel as it is completed and connected to

TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGIES

form closed rings (segmental lining process)

directly behind the TBM with an erector.

Up to 16.5 m3 of water per second will later

be conveyed over 9.5 km to a central pump

station near the New Doha International

Airport via the main tunnel.

Large-diameter pipe jackingHerrenknecht tunnelling technology was also

used in designing some of the inlets during

an initial construction phase. A total of 4 km

of tunnel, with an outer diameter of 3.60 m,

was excavated in 2008 using the pipe jack-

ing method. This is a remarkably large diam-

eter for pipe jacking and was achieved using

Herrenknecht’s slurry AVN machine.

Tunnelling the Doha MetroWith its ‘Vision 2030’, Qatar aims to offer its

citizens the highest possible standard of liv-

ing. Some projects are already being imple-

mented and range from surface water dis-

charge to traffic infrastructure. Herrenknecht

is also involved in the new Doha Metro

system, which will require a total of 21

EPB shields, many of which have already

been delivered.

Project data Machine dataLocati on Doha, Qatar M-1795M and M-1796MApplicati on Surface and groundwater drainage Machine type 2 x EPB 3700Tunnel length 4 500 m and 5 000 m Shield diameter 4 470 mmGeology Limestone Cutti ng-wheel

power660 kW

Client Qatar’s public works authority Ashghal Contractor Impregilo

QATARTunnel boring delivers


As trenchless installation methods gain momentum, it becomes imperative to

showcase and share project experiences in order to provide confidence to market

stakeholders. By Neil van Rooyen, director, TT Innovations (member SASTT)

THIS ALSO underscores the notion

that local trenchless contractors

are capable and have the neces-

sary skills and expertise to deliver

complex and challenging projects. One such

trenchless method is pipe ramming.

Pipe ramming in the South African contextThe trenchless industry in South Africa is rel-

atively young. Project engineers and clients

are often loath to use new technologies due

to a lack of information, such as, local case

studies, technical specifications and product

know-how. This coupled with the inherent

resistance to change, is the context in which

various trenchless methods are deployed,

often in instances when no other feasible

construction alternative exists.

Pipe ramming is one such trenchless meth-

od that has struggled to gain momentum in

the local market. It is frequently confused

with pipe jacking, a better-known and -estab-

lished trenchless method. However, recent

activity in the construction industry has

enabled various contractors to use pipe ram-

ming as a means to install large-diameter

steel conduits.

How it works: pipe ramming methodologyPipe ramming is a ‘no-dig’ method used for

the installation of medium- to large-diameter

steel pipes and casings under roadways,

railways and other obstructions. An open-

ended steel sleeve is driven into the soil

using percussive force until the entire pipe-

line is installed. The process allows for a

wide variety of pipe sizes to be used, rang-

ing from non-man-entry-sized steel pipes

(300 mm in diameter) to large-bore pipes up

to 2 000 mm in diameter.

Pipe ramming in the South African context

FIGURE 1 (Below) Pipe ramming is an excellent, cost-efficient method for placing steel casing under roads, railroads, finished landscapes and structures. The casing is installed open-ended and cleaned out after installation is complete

The size of the installed steel sleeve is

directly proportionate to the size and capa-

bility of the rammer being used. Pipe ram-

ming is especially useful for shallow instal-

lations where other trenchless methods

could cause surface deflection. The majority

of installations are horizontal, although the

method can be used for vertical installations

as well (e.g. installation of piles). The hori-

zontal method is traditionally used to install

casings for utilities and to replace damaged

culverts under roads and railway tracks.

Unlike other trenchless methods which use

innovative and complex systems, pipe ram-

ming relies on brute force.

The pipe ramming process consists of four

primary steps:

• procurement of materials

• site preparation

• installation of the steel sleeve

• installation of the product pipe.

MaterialsFor large-diameter installations, pipes are

manufactured from steel at least 16 mm

thick. This is necessary to withstand the

impact force generated by the pneumatic ram-

mer as it pushes against the pipe. Individually

rolled steel sections, or cans, are welded

together to form complete lengths of pipe.

These pipe lengths are limited to 12 m, to

enable transport via road freight (see Figure

3). As a final step of the manufacturing pro-

cess, the pipe material is coated to protect

it against corrosion in accordance to the cli-

ent’s specifications. This leaves the pipe with

smooth exterior and interior surface.

FIGURE 2 (Far left) Steel sheets rolled into cans

FIGURE 3 Du Noon Pipe Ramming site – Completed 12 m pipe lengths being off-loaded on site



Site preparationA pit is excavated (to the required size

and depth) on one side of the roadway

or obstruction to be crossed. This exca-

vation, which serves as the launch pit,

measures approximately 18 m in length

and houses the 12 m length of pipe as well

as the pneumatic rammer (attached to the

rear of the pipe). To support the pipeline

and rammer assembly, a concrete slab,

which spans the length of the pipeline, is

cast on the pit floor. After the concrete

slab has set, a metal I-beam, turned on

its side, is affixed to the slab (see Figure

4). Both the concrete slab and I-beam are

constructed to the required alignment and

grade. The I-beam forms a ‘cradle’ which

supports the steel pipe and serves as a rail

on which the pipe moves, preventing it from

deviating from the set alignment.

Installation of the steel sleeveOnce the steel sleeve is lowered into posi-

tion and set on the rail, the pneumatic

rammer is attached to the rear of the pipe

by means of interlocking metal discs known

as collets.

FIGURE 4 (Below) View of the I-beam ‘cradles’ placed on top of the concrete slabs

FIGURE 5 (Bottom) Left picture shows rammer attached to the steel pipe being installed. Right picture shows ductile iron pipe (product) installed inside the steel conduits

Two air compressors, capable of produc-

ing a combined air flow of 1 750 cfm, are

used to power the rammer. The percus-

sive hammer action inside of the rammer

assembly provides the kinetic energy that

drives the open-ended steel pipe into

the soil. The hammer action occurs at

an impressive rate of approximately 177

blows per minute when set at maximum,

delivering 1 010 t of force per blow. This

process continues until the required length

of pipe eventually enters the soil. The next

12 m length of pipe is then lowered into

place and welded to the installed pipe.

The rammer is then reattached to the rear

of the newly welded pipe and the ramming

process resumes.

The cycle of ramming and welding con-

sistently repeats itself until all the pipe

lengths are installed and the crossing is

complete. Once the steel pipe reaches the

target end, the spoil material is removed

from the inside of the pipe. The removal

of spoil, however, is often undertaken peri-

odically during the installation process as a

means to reduce weight, thereby, assisting

the installation.

Installation of the product pipeUpon the removal of the spoil, the steel

sleeve is ready for use. In many cases, the

product pipe is assembled on the outside

and pulled or pushed into the steel conduit

(Figure 5 below). The annulus between

the steel sleeve and the product pipe is

grouted in place according to the consulting

engineer’s specifications.

Advantages of the pipe ramming methodA benefit of the pipe ramming method is that

the risk of surface subsidence is eliminated

due to the spoil only being removed once the

steel casing is installed, making it ideal for

shallow installations (Figure 6 and 7).

Another advantage of this method is that

the kinetic energy required to drive the pipe

is generated within the rammer assembly,



Our range of services include:

• Pipe Bursting

• Horizontal Directional Drilling

• Pipe Rehabilitation

• Slip Lining

• Pipe Ramming

• CCTV Inspection

• Dewatering

• Industrial Pipe Cleaning

• HDPE Welding

• Deep Excavation and Shoring

• Underground Service Detection

• Close-fi t lining: COMPACT PIPE

For more information you can contact us: +27 (0)21 761 3474 F +27 (0)21 797 1151 E [email protected] www.tt-innovations.co.za

Trenchless Technology Specialist

FIGURE 6 (Above) View of a large-diameter pipe being installed under an active railway line

FIGURE 7 A large-diameter pipe being installe, with its steel sleeve in place

thus no external thrust wall or support is

required. This self-contained rammer also

makes it fairly portable and allows for multi-

ple installations where the rammer is simply

detached and moved to the next location.

The ramming process uses an open-ended

steel pipe, challenging soil formations such

as boulder material. For other trenchless

applications, it would prove difficult and

almost impossible to navigate through, but

it is achievable with pipe ramming. The

prerequisite being that the largest boulder

should be smaller than the pipe opening

in order to enable the boulder(s) to be

‘swallowed up’ during installation. The flex-

ibility in pipe size also gives it an added

advantage as it is suitable for use with non-

man-entry-sized pipes (smaller than 900 mm

in diameter).

The ramming process relies on percussive

force and is therefore unsuitable for use

in solid rock formations. Another drawback

of this percussive mechanism is that it

does not enable steering, but instead relies

exclusively on the correct alignment and

gradient being set prior to the pipe entering

the soil. Once the leading edge enters the

soil, the pipeline generally tends to stay

on the set alignment, but is susceptible to

deviation caused by hard and soft material

layers with the pipe following the path of

least resistance.

DisadvantagesLong bores exceeding 70 m are not recom-

mended for use, as the frictional resistance

increases as the length increases, counter-

acting the maximum available percussive

force generated by the rammer. Due to these

forces exerted on the pipeline during instal-

lation, steel is the only suitable material for

use. This makes the process costly, influenc-

ing economic feasibility.

PROJECT CASE STUDY 1DU NOON PIPE RAMMING

Project backgroundThe City of Cape Town approved the con-

struction of a pump station facility as an

FIGURE 8 Aerial view of the site where the large-diameter pipes crossed Blaauwberg Road



upgrade to the existing sewer works located

in Du Noon. Part of the project scope for this

R23 million project included the construction

of a new pipeline network – among these,

the installation of two parallel 600 mm diam-

eter cast iron rising mains.

The alignment of these rising mains tra-

versed one of the busiest roads in the area,

Blaauwberg Road. This dual-carriage roadway

is heavily trafficked and serves as one of the

main access routes into the Tableview area.

Blaauwberg Road was being upgraded and

was still under construction to accommodate

FIGURE 9 (Above left) Du Noon pipe ramming site – view of two parallel pipe installations

FIGURE 10 (Above) Du Noon pipe ramming site – view of excavation pit showing the different soil layers

TABLE 1 (Below) Trenchless method selection criteria

1) Zero tolerance for any surface deflection, in particular that no voids are created

Method Factors considered when evaluati ng the various trenchless opti ons Selecti on

Pipe jacking The pipe jacking method inherently requires a cavity to be created in order for the concrete pipe to be ‘jacked’ into this void. This increases the potenti al for voids to form, which eventually leads to surface defl ecti on. No

HDD (horizontal directi onal drilling)

Horizontal directi onal drilling uses drilling mud to stabilise the bored tunnel. For larger-diameter bores, the volume, fl uid design and fl uid pressure required to stabilise the tunnel signifi cantly increase. This increases the risk for either a frac-out from occurring, which results in drilling fl uid fi nding its way to the surface through a soil fi ssure, or alternati vely the incorrect functi oning of the drilling fl uid, which causes an unstable tunnel that is prone to collapse.

No

RammingThe pipe ramming process does not create any voids – as the open-ended steel sleeve is forced into the ground. Even when the spoil is removed during the installati on process, a 1 m soil plug is left in place and prevents any caviti es from forming at the leading edge of the pipe.

Yes

2) Two parallel large-diameter conduits required

Pipe jackingThe pipe jacking method is ideally suited for large-diameter pipeline installati ons. As the excavati on at the tun-nel face is done with manual labour, this limits the rate of progress of a pipe jacking installati on. The combined installed length measured 112 m, which would require a lengthy jacking process.

No

HDD The HDD methodology requires the bored tunnel to be at least 30% larger than the project pipe. This would require a tunnel diameter of at least 1 000 mm. As the project required two parallel installati ons, this signifi -cantly increased the risk and complexity of the operati on.

No

Ramming

Due to the stable nature of the ramming operati on, it was possible to align both conduits in close proximity, as required by the project specifi cati ons. The size of the available ramming equipment also allowed for the large diameter pipe installati on. Another advantage of the ramming process was that the rammer could easily be moved from one pipe to the other – and allowed for both pipes to be simultaneously installed by alternati ng between ramming the one pipe while welding the other, and vice versa.

Yes

3) Limited geotechnical information available, in situ material presumed to be sandy with a high water table

Pipe jacking

Any jacking operati on where a high water table is present increases the complexity of the project as the water ingress tends to erode the soil at the tunnel face. The constant movement of soil has the tendency to create voids around the leading edge of the jacked pipe. Although it is common practi ce to fi ll the voids around the pipe by grouti ng, the potenti al sti ll exists for these voids to cause surface defl ecti on.

No (based on

the assumed sandy soil and high

water table)

HDD Providing the drilling fl uid mixture is designed in accordance to the in situ soil conditi ons and sandy material – even a high water table is not problemati c for this process. Yes

RammingSandy material, along with a high water table is ideal for this method of installati on. The force generated by the rammer, coupled to the bevelled leading edge of the pipe, is capable of installing this sized pipe over the 56 m distance.

Yes

the Integrated Rapid Transport system’s new

bus lanes. The only feasible option for this

road crossing would be to use trenchless

construction methods.

Why pipe ramming? The selected trenchless method needed to

satisfy the inherent project constraints, such

as a zero tolerance for surface deflection

(in particular, any subsidence of the road-

way due to voids being created during the

installation process). The roadway servitude

housed a Chevron pipeline which imposed

certain construction restrictions and negated

the use of mechanical plant near this pipe-

line. The use of ductile iron pipe for the

sewer rising main throughout (including the

section to be installed by trenchless means)



FIGURE 11 View of installed pipelines at exit pit

necessitated the use of a conduit that would be large enough to

accommodate the 600 mm diameter ductile iron pipe and a 75 mm

flange at the joints (effectively increasing the profile of the ductile

iron pipe to 750 mm in diameter).

Pipe ramming was selected as the preferred trenchless method as

it satisfied all the project requirements. The selection criteria for the

appropriate trenchless method are shown in Table 1.

How the pipe ramming installation fared and the challenges encountered during installation

The first hurdle was encountered as the launch pit was being

excavated. As the 1 m thick layer of sandy material was removed, it

exposed an underlying clay/shale formation, which extended all the

way to the invert of the pit. Although not an insurmountable hurdle,

this clay layer was harder than the anticipated sandy material and

resulted in a slower rate of progress.

Upon installation of the first two lengths of pipe, the East and West

pipeline, measurements were taken of both pipelines to

assess their trajectory and alignment. Although not vis-

ible to the naked eye, it was discovered that the East pipe

seemed to be on an upward trajectory – this despite both

pipelines being set to the same gradient and being 1 m

apart (wall to wall). The reason for this upward trajectory

could not be empirically determined, but the trenchless

contractor theorised that this was due to the clay formation becom-

ing progressively harder at the invert of the excavation, which meant

that the invert of the pipe’s leading edge encountered harder mate-

rial than at the crown, which was 1 m apart in elevation (due to the

1 064 mm diameter pipe). The pipe then followed the path of least

resistance: upwards towards the softer clay formation, thereby caus-

ing the upward deviation.

To correct this trajectory, both pipelines were lifted by means

of hydraulic jacks and set to a new trajectory (the West pipe was

elevated by approximately 50 mm and the East pipe by 90 mm). The

installation of the East and West pipeline continued until completion.

When the pipelines reached their target end, the West pipe was

higher than the intended invert level by 20 mm. The East pipe was

higher by 320 mm.

It appears as if the hard underlying shale material counteracted the

initial downward trajectories and caused both pipelines to deviate

upwards – although this was more pronounced in the East pipe.

Critical success factorsDespite the difference in design invert levels, the project out-

come was still successful as both pipeline conduits could still

be utilised for the intended purpose, i.e. to house the 600 mm

diameter ductile iron rising main. The 1 064 mm steel pipe-

line allowed for minor corrections to be made when installing

the smaller ductile iron pipeline. The pipe ramming process

proved successful despite the challenging in situ soil condi-

tions. It was further notable that both 1 m diameter pipelines

were installed over a total distance of 112 m to a reasonable

accuracy. No surface deflection was caused at any point of the

installation or as a latent defect after completion.

PROJECT TECHNICAL DETAILS • Individual crossing length: 56 m• Total pipe installed: 112 m• Pipe diameter: 1 064 mm (outside)• Pipe material: 16 mm thick steel • Corrosion protection: Internal and external coating;

external coating applied to 1 200 microns thick• Pipeline depth: 4 m below road level• Product pipe: 600 mm diameter ductile iron pipe

(inserted into the steel sleeve by the main contractor)• Equipment used: 24-inch pneumatic rammer capable

of delivering 1 010 t of impact force per blow• Project start date: March 2013 (time of award – which

enabled the ordering of the pipe material)• Project completion date: November 2013• Client: City of Cape Town• Consultant engineer: ICE Group• Main contractor: Vula Indlela• Trenchless contractor: TT Innovations



Drain Cleaning Services Septic Tank Services Directional Drilling

Wet & Dry Vacuuming Water Tankers

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Whatever you need, Rescue Rod has quality equipment backed up

productive service!

Contact us now on 010 040 3233 for more information

or for a FREE SITE INSPECTION

RR

008F

PROJECT CASE STUDY 2MOSSEL BAY PIPE RAMMING

Project backgroundAs part of the water augmentation initiatives, the local authority

in the Southern Cape commenced the construction of a desalina-

tion plant in the Mossel Bay area. To amplify the need for such

measures, in 2010, Mossel Bay and the surrounding towns had

water-use restrictions imposed on all residents. As part of the

network upgrade, new pipelines were installed and connected to

the existing reservoir structures. To expedite construction and

reduce the project risk, the engineering team elected to use

trenchless technology for the pipeline road crossings and the

connection points into the reservoir structures.

Why Pipe Ramming?The new larger-diameter feeder pipeline needed to be connected

to both reservoirs. This posed a unique challenge as these

reservoirs were still operational, which only allowed for a limited

window period for construction to take place.

Instead of breaking through the side wall of the circular struc-

ture, the consulting engineers decided to use pipe ramming and

install a steel conduit underneath the reservoir itself (Figure

12). This would then allow access from inside the reservoir as a

means to connect the feeder pipe. This innovative solution had

numerous advantages, the most important being that the exter-

nal concrete structure

could remain intact.

A vital component of

this was that no voids

or cavities were cre-

ated during the instal-

lation. Therefore, the

structural integrity

of the reservoir was

never at risk.

The advantages of

using pipe ramming

versus conventional

construction are

indicated in Table 2.

These factors were

critical to the suc-

cess of this project

as it allowed the cli-

ent to deliver critical

milestones ahead

of schedule when

compared to conven-

tional construction

methods.

FIGURE 12 Left picture: pipe in position to be installed below the reservoir. Right picture: pipe successfully installed


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CONSTRUCTION DIVISION:• Compaction Equipment• Backhoe Loaders• Chain Trenchers• Trenchless Technology• Mole Pneumatic Piercing Tools• Mini Excavators• Skid Steer Loaders• Telescopic Handlers

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Conventional construction Pipe RammingSpeed of constructi on (aff ects the length of ti me the structure would be out of service)

As connection points were required for two separate reservoirs, any alterations would require work on two fronts.

Work could take place on both reservoirs simultaneously, without affecting the usability of either asset. This dramatically reduced the project duration.

Structural integrity of the reservoir, during and post constructi on

Any alteration to the reservoir wall would increase the project risk as this would affect the structural integrity and possibly lead to fu-ture latent defects. Recasting and curing of the concrete works for the reservoir wall would also require careful design and monitor-ing (and possibly the employment of a specialist engineer for this aspect of the project).

As the pipe ramming operation did not create any voids or cavi-ties, the structural integrity of the reservoir wall was never at risk. The steel conduit was installed below the base of the structure and the crown of the pipe was approximately 500 mm below this foundation level.

Design

Any alternative connection design would require alterations to the reservoir wall or the roof structure. This would also have neces-sitated additional bends and restraints and would not have been hydraulically efficient.

The fact that the new pipeline could be connected at the invert of the reservoir enabled a simpler and more efficient design.

How the pipe ramming installation fared and challenges encountered during installationThe pipe ramming operation proceeded as

planned with the bulk of the project duration

required for the preparation works (exca-

vation and casting of the ramming sup-

port base). The actual ramming installation

required only two days for both pipelines to

be installed.

Shored trench excavation Pipe rammingSpeed of constructi on

The bulk water main was approximately 6 m below the natural ground level. With the new sewer pipeline designed to cross under this pipeline, an excavation and shoring system would be time-con-suming – in particular since the sewer line crossed the bulk water main at two places.

The pipe ramming launch pit would be situated within the existing sewer pipeline trench (which was excavated using battered slopes). The immediate soil around the water main would be left intact form-ing an 18 m wide in situ support for this pipe. Both 18 m pipe cross-ings were installed within a total of four days.

Risk to the existi ng water main

Even if shoring is used, the surrounding soil could still become un-stable due to groundwater seepage, which ‘erodes’ the soil parti-cles, leaving voids behind. Once settlement occurs below the pipe-line, it is very difficult to reinstate and support the pipeline.

As the 18 m wide secti on of soil surrounding the pipe would remain in-tact and undisturbed during the installati on, the risk of sett lement was avoided. Furthermore, the ramming process does not cause any caviti es, thus eliminati ng all potenti al sett lement risk elements.

Convenience

The sewer pipeline crossings were identified as potential risk items by the main contractor. Instead of dedicating additional resources to attempt a successful installation, the entire item was outsourced and a trenchless alternative used. This mitigated the risk and was considered an easier alternative.

Constructi on of the project was already being delayed due to external fac-tors beyond the main contractor’s control. The project team needed a swift soluti on that enabled the project to get back on programme. Any soluti on other than trenchless would be too risky and ti me-consuming. The em-ployment of a specialist trenchless contractor also freed up valuable re-sources, which the main contractor could deploy to other areas of the site.

• Installation lengths: 3 m and 6 m• Pipe diameter: 1 064 mm (outside)• Pipe material: 16 mm thick steel• Corrosion protection: Internal and

external coating; external coating applied to 1 200 microns thick

• Pipeline depth: approximately 500 mm below the reservoir base (when measured to the crown of the pipe)

• Product pipe: 630mm diameter HDPE pipe (inserted into the steel sleeve by

the main contractor)• Equipment used: 24-inch pneumatic

rammer capable of delivering 1 010 t of impact force per blow

• Project start date: 10 November 2010• Project completed: 3 December 2010• Main contractor: Entsha Henra• Consultant: MVD Consulting

Engineers (Mossel Bay)• Trenchless contractor:

TT Innovations

Project backgroundThe construction of a housing development

in an unpopulated area required the instal-

lation of water and sewer services. One of

the sewer pipelines traversed an existing

municipal servitude which housed an active

1 500 mm diameter bulk water main. The

sewer design level constraints meant that

TABLE 2 Selection consideration for using pipe rammingPROJECT TECHNICAL DETAILS

PROJECT CASE STUDY 3MFULENI PIPE RAMMING

the sewer pipeline needed to be installed

under the bulk water main. With the prevail-

ing in situ soil being of a sandy nature, in

conjunction with a high water table, the pro-

ject engineers decided to use pipe ramming

as a means to install a steel conduit below

this bulk water main.

Why pipe ramming?The reason for this trenchless application

was to prevent any excavation near the bulk

water main. Any movement of the joints or

damage to this pressurised pipeline during

excavation would cause catastrophic dam-

age to the surrounding area, especially given

the unstable, sandy nature of the soil. The

initial depth of the existing water main, and

the fact that the new sewer pipeline needed

to be installed below this pipeline, increased

TABLE 3 Open trench versus pipe ramming



The only other feasible alternative to pipe

ramming was to trench under the water main

and to use timber shoring to stabilise the

excavation, preventing it from collapsing.

However, due to the soil pressure at that

depth, and the high groundwater level, the

potential risk outweighed the reward.

How the pipe ramming installation fared and challenges encountered during installationThe main focus of this project was to stabilize

the 6 m deep launch pit. In order to achieve

this, the excavation slopes were battered

to a 45 degree angle (approximate) and a

wall of sandbags packed at the base of the

slope for further stability, see Figure 13. The

groundwater table needed to be reduced

and a temporary dewatering system was

installed in order to achieve this. The actual

installation was swift and the first pipeline

was installed within ten minutes. The second

length of pipe was put in place and prepared

for installation the following day.

One of the unforeseen outcomes of the

high water table was the pipe settlement that

occurred during installation. As the excavated

pit was the only section being dewatered, the

rest of the soil, including the portion below

the water main, still remained saturated.

During installation, the rammer’s dynamic

energy transferred through the steel pipe

and caused the soil directly below the pipe to

liquefy (similar to a poker vibrator when it agi-

tates concrete). This caused the pipe to settle

due to its own weight. The change in level,

however, did not alter the project success as

the 600 mm diameter steel pipe was still able

to accommodate the 350 mm diameter sewer

pipeline, which could be adjusted within the

steel pipe to suit the required gradient.

FIGURE 13 View of the Mfuleni site layout. The sandbag wall at the foot of the slope as well as the dewatering system (blue pipeline) are visible

TABLE 4 Pipe ramming selection template

the project risk significantly. Furthermore,

this pipeline served as one of the main

potable water supplies to the surrounding

area. Any disruption to this service was to be

avoided at all costs. The use of a trenchless

solution was therefore justifiable consider-

ing the risk.

• Installation lengths: 18 m and 18 m• Pipe diameter: 600 mm (outside)• Pipe material: 16 mm thick steel • Corrosion protection: No. The pipe

was grouted in place after installation• Pipeline depth: Approximately 6 m

below natural ground level• Product pipe: 350 mm diameter

UPVC pipe• Equipment used: 24-inch pneumatic

rammer capable of delivering 1 010 t of impact force per blow

• Project start date: September 2008 (award date)

• Project completion date: April 2009• Main contractor: Burger and Wallace• Consultant: KV3 Consulting

Engineers• Trenchless contractor:

TT Innovations

PROJECT TECHNICAL DETAILS

Pipe ramming applicationsThe versatility of the ramming process ena-

bles client and engineers to apply this

technology in numerous ways. However, the

method is ideally suited for the following

project constraints:

Medium- to large-diameter pipe installations installed over short distancesDependant on the ramming tool used, the

diameter of the installed pipe could vary

significantly and be as small as 300 mm.

However, smaller-sized pipes can also be

economically installed using other trenchless

methods and, therefore, the feasibility range

of pipe ramming installations is typically

from 600 mm in diameter up to 1 400 mm

in diameter.

The installation length is limited by the size

of the pipe and the in situ soil medium it trav-

els through. Accordingly, the resistance gen-

erated by the leading edge of the pipe as it

‘cuts’ through the soil counteracts the applied

ramming force. Further frictional resistance

Project pa-rameters Project constraints Pipe ramming variables

Large-diameter

trenchless pipe

installati on

Shallow installati on depthsZero tolerance for surface defl ecti on or heaving

Ideal for 600 mm to 1 400 mm pipe diametersCrossing lengths between 50 to 70mStraight drives only

In situ soilHigh water tableBoulder material or loose rock

Pipe diameter must be larger than boulder size (must be able ‘swallow’ boulders)

Site conditi onsInstallati on under steep embankmentMulti ple installati ons – ti me constraints

No thrust wall required

Rammer can be easily moved from one set-up to the next

(for multi ple installati ons)



also occurs between the in situ soil and

the pipes’ skin surface area (both the outer

and inner surface area). Consequently, the

larger pipe sizes, having a larger cutting

profile and surface area, are subject to more

frictional resistance, leading to shorter instal-

lation lengths. Typical crossing lengths range

from 70 m long for smaller pipe diameters

(600 mm) and reduce to about 50 m as the

pipe size approaches 1 400 mm in diameter.

Pipe installations exceeding 1 400 mm in

diameter have successfully been installed,

but are the exception due to their limited

application window (ideal in situ soil condi-

tions required, short installation length,

economically feasible for the project).

Zero surface settlement or heavingDue to an open-ended steel pipeline being

driven into the soil, the surrounding soil is

supported by the steel conduit. No excava-

tion is required at the leading edge of the

pipe, which prevents any voids or cavities

from forming. Even when the spoil is manu-

ally removed midway through the installation

(man-entry-sized pipes only), a soil plug is

left in place at the front section of the pipe

to prevent the uncontrolled movement of soil

into the pipe, possibly creating a cavity. This

makes the ramming process ideal for railway

or airfield runway crossings.

Pipe installation under embankmentsWhere trenchless pipe installations are

required under raised platforms, such as

embankments, the pipe ramming process is

ideal as it does not require any thrust walls

to achieve installation. This reduces the con-

struction and site mobilisation requirements

and increases the process versatility.

Unstable and challenging soil formationsThe pipe ramming method is often used in soil

formations where other trenchless methods

would fail. The process can accommodate soil

formations containing loose rock or boulders,

even with a high water table. The only restric-

tion here is the size of the boulders – which

must be smaller than the pipe diameter.

Pipe ramming project selection templateTable 4 provides a list (not exhaustive) of

the various project parameters and con-

straints which are ideally suited for the pipe

ramming method.

ConclusionPipe ramming, like many other trenchless

applications, is ideally suited to the project

parameters for which it is designed. With

sufficient knowledge, contractor experience

and expertise, the local market would be

better positioned to uncover the various

opportunities where this technology can be

deployed and transform challenging project

constraints into practical solutions.

Why dig when you can go trenchless?

Sources:

Figure 1: http://www.groundforce.uk.com/

Trenchless+Technology/products/ramming

Figure: 6 http://www.infrastructures.com/0310/

ramming.htm

Figure 7: mhttp://www.nodig-bau.de/Nachrichten/

Tunnel-unter-Bahngleis-mit-GRUNDORAM-203.html

Figure 8: extracted from Google Maps



MACSTEEL’S RETICULATION

division has positioned the

company as a leading manu-

facturer and supplier of value-

added steel pipe systems to the mining, engi-

neering, agriculture and potable water indus-

tries. The company has sought to meet and

exceed the expectations of customers across

these industries through continuous improve-

ments and innovations. Macsteel Tube & Pipe

is accredited and conforms to ISO 9001:2008

Quality Management Systems.

High-quality product innovationsAmong Macsteel’s latest high-quality product

innovations are the Cable-Lock pipe system

and the Lula pipe system. These products do

not require any couplings, flanges or bolts

and nuts to join them. Also, neither system

needs any specialised tooling or expertise

to install and local labour can be trained to

do the installation, thereby creating much-

needed employment.

Cable-Lock uses the same tried and tested

socket system with additional restraining flex

cable locking the pipes together, making it

suitable for both buried and overland appli-

cations. The system operates at a maximum

ADVERTORIAL

Pride and performance

to 60% on the installation time and will allow

involvement of the local communities in the

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skilled labourers are required. Prior to the

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workers on the installation of the couplings.

Water distributionUp to now, the water distribution pipes are

commonly butt welded on-site. Welding on-

site is influenced by many factors such as

rain, humidity, dust and access to the job

site, which cannot always be controlled. It

is normally required to X-ray the joints and

prepare the surface for the internal and

external lining.

By moving the welding, lining and coating

issues from site to a controlled workshop

environment, it will increase productivity on-

site and the quality of the connection. The

Ring-Joint system will allow the pipe to be

pre-fabricated in a workshop. A round ring

is welded on the pipe end and subsequently

the pipe is cement-mortar-lined and -coated

on the exterior. The lining is done completely

up to the pipe end, which means that the

pipe is ready for installation and no welding,

X-ray, coating or lining is required on-site.

On-site, the pipe-ends are connected with

the Ring-Joint coupling where only a span-

ner is required. The C-shaped gasket is

positioned between the pipe ends and the

centre leg protects the lining from damage.

The coupling housing grips over the ring and

provides a fully restrained joint capable of

pressures up to 40 bar. This system can be

used on any pipe-wall thickness as it derives

its strength from the ring, which acts as a

shoulder, unlike with a grooved connection

where the working pressure largely depends

on the pipe-wall thickness.

Macsteel Tube & Pipe continues striving

for excellence through partnerships and on-

going research and development.

Macsteel Tube & Pipe has

a long history of excellence

and commitment in the

manufacture of welded

steel pipes to SABS/SANS

standards, as well as to

equivalent international

specifications.

working pressure of 25 bar with a safety

factor of three. The system also comes with

a full range of fabricated fittings.

Lula pipe is a steel pipe made to PVC

sizes, making it completely interchangeable

with PVC products. Also operates at a maxi-

mum working pressure of 25 bar and comes

with a full range of fabricated fittings.

Macsteel is a sole distributor of high-quality

Shurjoint Piping Products. Shurjoint is owned

by Tyco International and has a worldwide

footprint. These products allow Macsteel to

offer complete alternative solutions to the

water industry. The company’s unique Ring-

Joint system makes it easier and economic

to install large-bore pipes as compared to

the conventional welding methods.

Water reticulationThe Shurjoint products have been used in

the South African water reticulation market

for over ten years. They have been success-

fully installed on water reticulation lines

ranging from 50 NB up to 300 NB. The

concept is simple: a grooved pipe is joined

by a coupling, which is suitable for working

pressures of up to 69 bar. The coupling will

also allow for angular deflection between

the pipes, which is useful when the pipe is

installed in trenches or on plinths. This fea-

ture will help the alignment of the pipes on

uneven surfaces.

Macsteel offers a complete system of

pipes, couplings, fittings and valves, which

ensures that all the required products work

perfectly together. This system can save up

FAR LEFT R88 Ring-Joint coupling

TOP LEFT Cable-Lock pipe system

LEFT Lula pipe


Further contracts in the pipeline

TO DATE, 7.5 km of the 55 km

second phase has been completed

and the project is well on track for

its expected completion in 2017.

“Four contracts, along the full length of the

pipeline, have been awarded and work on

each is well under way,” says Neil

Macleod, head of eThekwini Water

and Sanitation. Two additional con-

tracts – one for the Wyebank reser-

voir and the other for a spur pipeline going

from the main pipeline to Mount Moriah

and Tshelimnyama – are expected to be

awarded by year end.

The Western Aqueduct (WA) is Durban’s

largest ever bulk water pipeline project and

is intended to both replace and augment

existing infrastructure bringing water from

various dams surrounding Durban into the

growing city.

“The WA is intended to provide an addi-

tional injection of much-needed water to

the eThekwini Municipal Area and provide

for the bulk water distribution needs of the

area for the next 30 years. The completed

WA is expected to significantly strengthen

the capacity of bulk water supply to the

western regions of eThekwini, initially inject-

ing up to 80 Mℓ/d into the system, with the

ultimate capacity exceeding 400 Mℓ/d,”

says Macleod.

Phase 1 and 2The first phase of the WA measures 20 km,

beginning at the Umlaas Road reservoir

PIPES

and ending at Inchanga. This was com-

pleted at the end of 2010. However, the

full effect of this first phase will only be felt

once the second phase has been commis-

sioned. This stretches between Inchanga

Station and Ntuzuma with spur pipelines

going to Mount Moriah and

Tshelimnyama.

The estimated overall cost for

the Western Aqueduct Phase

2 and associated branch pipelines is

R1.8 billion.

Macleod stresses that construction of the

Western Aqueduct Phase 2 is logistically

complex in that the large-diameter pipeline

is constructed through extremely hilly ter-

rain and along suburban roads. “Competent

contractors have been appointed to execute

the work and this is augmented by a large

consulting engineering team that has exten-

sive experience in this type of work.”

Construction work on Durban’s Western Aqueduct bulk water pipeline

worth more than R700 million will be in progress by 2015.

The Western Aqueduct is Durban’s largest ever bulk water pipeline

Work on the 20 Ml break pressure tank at Ashley Drive is progressing well


Steel Pipe for Water, Petrochemicals, Gas, Construction and Mining

Hall Longmore ranks amongst the leading international manufacturers of large diameter steel pipe for the transportation of water, gas and petrochemicals.

The in-house application of high performance protective coatings and linings to steel pipe is an essential ingredient when years of trouble-free pipeline service is a pre requisite.

The Hall Longmore name is synonymous with quality and to this end holds the esteemed accreditation of the American Petroleum Institute (API, ISO 9001:2008, BS OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001

Contact Details

Tel: +27 11 874 7300Email: [email protected]: www.hall-longmore.co.za

ManufacturingPipe Since 1924.

The WA project has been designed and is being monitored by

the Knight Piésold/Naidu Consulting/Royal HaskoningDHV Joint

Venture.

According to project manager Martin Bright, work on the first

contract, which covers the 7 km stretch between Inchanga Station

and Alverstone Nek awarded to Cycad Pipelines, is progressing

well with 2.5 km of pipe already in the ground. He says there has

been minimal disruption of traffic flow and the contract was well

on track for completion in April 2015.

The second contract, which begins at Alverstone Nek and

continues to Ashley Drive in Hillcrest, was awarded to WK SA

Construction in August last year. Work is proceeding well with

2.5 km of pipeline in the ground and the completion date of April

2015 well within reach, he says.

The contract for the third and largest segment of the pipeline

reaching from Ashley Drive to the NR5 reservoir at Ntuzuma was

awarded to Esor Construction earlier this year.

As this is a 25 km stretch of the pipeline, work has commenced

at three fronts in Kloof, KwaDukuza and Ntuzuma. So far, 0.5 km

of pipeline has been laid.

Bright confirmes that work on the 20 Mℓ break pressure tank at

Ashley Drive was awarded to Icon Construction. The duration of

the contract is one year with completion scheduled for the first

quarter of 2015. At this point, earthworks are complete and the

commencement of concrete works is imminent.

“The completed WA is expected to significantly strengthen the capacity of bulk water supply to the western regions of eThekwini”

A pipe jack along Old Main Road will see the Western Aqueduct pipeline cross underneath this busy thoroughfare en route to the Ashley Drive break pressure tank


HDPE solution for R4.3 m pipeline project

Municipalities across South Africa continue to invest more capital into pipeline upgrades. One such project is a potable water upgrade project in Vosloorus, on the East Rand of Gauteng.

AS PART OF A municipal upgrade project to replace

an existing asbestos cement (AC) pipeline that

was installed in the 1980s, Incledon was con-

tacted in mid-2012 to supply more than 1.4 km of

560 mm diameter locally manufactured high-density polyethyl-

ene (HDPE) pipe.

Incledon sales representative for civils Robinson Patji

highlights the fact that HDPE was selected as the material

of choice to replace the existing AC pipeline, due to its high

impact strength, low friction properties and environmentally

friendly characteristics.

“AC pipelines pose some potential health concerns for both

workers and end users. These pipes are also very brittle and

tend to crack under stress from trench loads. The brittleness

also makes this type of pipe difficult to cut and splice to under-

take repair work,” he explains.

PIPES

54 IMIESA September 2014| |

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DETAILED PIPELINE DESIGN TECHNICAL INFO CONTAINED IN CD OR PDF FORMAT IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST FROM DPI PLASTICS AND CONTAINING, INTER ALIA: • Trenching, bedding & backfilling • Repairs • Testing • Handling & storage • Soil / pipe Interaction • Deflection, live loads & wall stress • Velocity & flow chartss

Why HDPE?Patji reveals that HDPE is non-toxic and

entirely safe for supplying drinking water,

while the lightness of the material makes

it an easier and quicker type of pipeline

to install. “The lightweight properties of

HDPE make it easier for workers to carry

and lay. More pipes can be loaded onto a

truck, thereby reducing carbon emissions

too. HDPE pipes also boast more impact

strength than AC pipes, which substantially

reduces the risk of cracking and subse-

quent leaks.”

According to Patji, the SANS 4427

approved pipes, which have a pressure

rating of 12 bar, were delivered to the

project in 12 m lengths. As par t of its com-

prehensive service offering, Incledon also

sourced a professional welding contractor

on behalf of the municipality, in addition

to supplying the project with a range of

AVK valves in sizes including 200 mm,

300 mm and 500 mm.

OPPOSITE Incledon was contacted in mid-2012 to supply more than 1.4 km of 560 mm diameter locally manufactured HDPE pipe

RIGHT TOP HDPE is non-toxic and entirely safe for supplying drinking water, while the lightness of the material makes it an easier and quicker type of pipeline to install

RIGHT BOTTOM HDPE was selected as the material of choice to replace the existing AC pipeline

PIPES


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WATER & WASTEWATER

THE INITIAL SCHEME was

designed for a basic level

of service, at the outset of

the then new Government’s

Reconstruction and Development

Programme. This service comprised an

allowance of 200 litres of water per

person per day available at communal

stand taps within an average of 200 m

walking distance from homes. However,

the norm within the Swayimane commu-

nity has been the use of individual yard

connections, which people have applied

for and the Umgungundlovu District

Municipality has installed.

Higher level of serviceThis ‘higher’ level of service has

increased the demand for water, which

has long outgrown what the existing

Swayimane scheme can supply. There is

therefore an urgent need for the upgrade

and extension of the Swayimane Water

Supply Scheme.

The uMgungundlovu District Municipality

appointed multidisciplinary consulting

engineers and project managers Bosch

Stemele to investigate and report on

the feasibility of providing an assured,

potable and reticulated water supply to

Swayimane Water Supply Scheme upgradeThe Swayimane Water

Supply Scheme was

completed in March

1998. Sixteen years

later, it is servicing a

much larger population

than its original design

can cope with and

is now in need of an

urgent upgrade.

the communities of Ekupholeni, Emabheleni,

Odameni, Vumuthando, Cupulakha, Mbhava

and Mpethu, all of which form a part

of Swayimane.

Feasibility and designThe feasibility s tudy took the form of a

project business plan that was submitted

to, and approved by, the uMgungundlovu

District Municipality and the Department of

Water Affairs. The project is currently in the

preliminary design stage and will progress

to the detailed design stage in order to

agree on an implementation plan, based

on construction cost estimates, availability

of grant funding, cash flows and phasing of

the project.

The main aim of this project is to sup-

ply a rural population of approximately 57

200 people with a higher level of assured

reticulated water supply. Bulk water will be

sourced from Umgeni Water’s Bruyns Hill

reservoir. Where possible, existing infra-

structure will be incorporated into the pro-

posed upgrade. This will include existing

reservoirs, pump stations and pipelines. Two

days’ (6 Mℓ) storage is planned downstream

of the Bruyns Hill reservoir, together with

approximately 354 000 m of new pipelines.

It is also worth noting that the Bruyns

Hill reservoir and Swayimane bulk sup-

ply pipeline will provide bulk water to

a community within the bordering Ilembe

District Municipality. This has been agreed

between Umgeni Water, uMgungundlovu

District Municipality and Ilembe District

Municipality, thus ensuring service delivery

to all South African communities, irrespec-

tive of borders.

Swayimane is part of the uMgungundlovu Districty Municipality


WHY BUILD THE SAMEWHEN YOU CANBUILD BETTER?

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80 years. This means you now have a real choice. You have the freedom to choose a

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Africa, and a cement that builds better. It’s time to choose: time to choose new, choose

better, choose Sephaku Cement. We’re not the only choice; we’re the better choice.

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Available in Sephaku 32, Sephaku 42 and Sephaku 52.

CEMENT AND CONCRETEData shows a significant steady growth in cement consumption, indicating a continuous increase in the use of concrete in general construction and infrastructure. As c ement and concrete markets become increasingly dynamic, the need for innovation is important, while precast cement has seen some important developments.

CEMENT AND CONCRETE

Cement pathologies

THE BEHAVIOUR OF cement in dif-

ferent environments can also be

measured by using XRD and XRF.

It is possible to recognise the

hydrated phase’s degradation through the

use of acid solutions, or the formation of

new phases in different atmospheres or

solutions. In a CO2 atmosphere, for exam-

ple, it is possible to find CaCO3 in an arago-

nite and/or calcite form, which is produced

as a result of the reaction between the free

Aiding the enhancement of cementitious materials

XRD AND XRF

Within the cement industr y, chemical and mineralogical control is one of the principal means of guaranteeing the quality of the final product and its optimum per formance in the final application. Par t one of this ar ticle was published in the August edition of IMIESA. By Juan Guillermo Morales, Claudia Rodriguez, Carolina

Giraldo and Ruby Estela Cardona, Research and Development Department,

Cementos Argos S.A.

PART 2

calcium hydroxide and the CO2 gas. Also,

in sulfate solutions, it is possible to follow

ettringite increases and thaumasite forma-

tion, which are phases that are produced as

a result of more complex reactions between

hydrated calcium aluminates and hydrated

calcium silicate and alkaline sulfates (such

as Na2SO

4 and K

2SO

4) that come from the

sulfate solution.

The effects of other compoundsOther materials and phases that are very

common and known in cement analysis

are calcium sulfate (gypsum) and C4AF (tet-

racalcium alumino ferrite). Nevertheless,

research has focused more on other phases

of clinker, such as C3S, C

3A and C

2S, and

other materials, such as SCMs, limestone,

chemical additives, etc. There has not been

much research about the two formerly men-

tioned and important compounds, which will

always be present in cement and which, in

some ways, affect the main reaction in the

hydration process of Portland cement.

In the case of gypsum (CaSO4•2H

2O), it

is clear that its role is to control the setting

time of cement when it reacts with C3A,

delaying the hydration and giving end users

time to handle and pour the product. This is

a very useful characteristic as accelerating

or delaying the setting time is a common

request in the industry. On the other hand,

the amount of gypsum has to be optimal

in the formulation of cement because an

excessive or low dosage will have an effect

on the setting time and it will also affect


Cross section of a composite MgO•CaSiO3 (matrix) reinforced with glass fibre (rounded shape sections sticking out located on the left lower part), in which CaSiO3 with elongated grains (cluster located on the centre of the image) act as a reinforcement as well stopping possible cracks

CEMENT AND CONCRETE


the durability. Furthermore, gypsum is an

expensive material. All of these aspects can

be controlled through the correct identifica-

tion of the main phases of calcium sulfate,

dihydrate or gypsum, hemihydrate or bassan-

ite and anhydrite, because the behaviour of

the mineral is not only affected by its purity

– usually measured as the amount of SO3

– but also by the relative presence of these

phases, due to their different capabilities in

controlling the hydration of the cement.

In the case of C4AF, in the formation of

clinker it acts as a fluxing agent and allows

the formation of the main phases through

the ion interchange between the chemical

species. However, what are the effects of

increasing the amount of iron in the raw

materials? The first result is that higher

amounts of C4AF will be detected in the

clinker. So, a new question arises: what hap-

pens during the cement hydration process

and to the final performance of cement when

there are high amounts of C4AF? The answer

is that C4AF stimulates the formation of a

layer that delays the setting time and the

normal development of strength, not only as

a consequence of less C3S formation, but

also because this phase has its own pattern

and is needed during hydration.

Again, a question arises: How can this

particular situation be identified? This can

be achieved via a complete analysis of the

hydration of pure clinker phases using XRF

and XRD tools.

New functionalitiesWith the increasing need for new houses,

buildings and roads, new materials and more

specific applications and functionalities are

demanded of construction materials. More

environmentally friendly and intelligent mate-

rials have to be developed for the future. An

environmentally friendly material can mean,

for example, a material that allows us to

reduce energy consumption in houses and

buildings. This is a challenge for materials

science because scientists need to think

about materials that keep their temperature

in indoor spaces. Perhaps they need to

devise materials that allow light to pass

through (translucent or transparent materi-

als), or maybe they need to think of cement

materials that can conduct electricity. Other

opportunities could be found in the area of

cleaner materials, such as photocatalytic

types of cement that absorb NOx and SOx,

and that could allow us to develop a material

that absorbs other contaminants from the

air, water or soil. Finally, there are also the

so-called intelligent materials, which can

provide useful information about the state of

the structure after many years of use or, for

example, after an earthquake or similar situ-

ation. No doubt the development of these

materials will need the help of advances in

technical analysis and tools such as XRF

and XRD.

ConclusionTechnical analysis tools such as XRD and

XRF represent a significant help to R&D

teams in the cement industry when it comes

to understanding and developing new prod-

ucts. The complete chemical and mineral

characterisation of the materials used in

cement production and the products gener-

ated after the hydration process play an

important role in the process of obtaining

more detailed and accurate knowledge of all

the mechanisms and phenomena that gov-

ern the reactions and functionalities involved

in its production and performance.

More refined technical analysis tools have

to be developed in order to be able to gain

a deeper insight into the structures and to

identify all the aspects of the relationship

between molecules and atoms and, in some

way, manipulate them in order to produce

the materials that we need to transform our

environment whilst remaining in harmony

with nature.

Bibliography:

TAYLOR, H.F.W, Chemistry of Cement, 2nd Edition

(1997).

KOMNITSAS, K., and ZAHARAKI, D.,

‘Geopolymerisation: A review and prospects for the

minerals industry’, Minerals Engineering20 (2007)

pp. 1261 – 1277.

THOMAS, M.D.A, and HOOTON, R.D., ‘The Durability

of Concrete Produced with Por tland-Limestone

Cement: Canadian Studies’, Por tland Cement

Association (2010).

BENTZ, D.P., et al., ‘Fine limestone additions to

regulate setting in high volume flyash mixtures’,

Cement & Concrete Composites 34 (2012), pp.

11 – 17.

LOTHENBACH, B., et al., ‘Influence of limestone on

the hydration of Por tland cements’, Cement and

Concrete Research 38 (2008), pp. 848 – 860.

SCRIVENER, K.L., and KIRKPATRICK, R.J.,

‘Innovation in use and research on cementitious

material’, Cement and Concrete Research 38

(2008), pp. 128 – 136.

World Cement, ‘XFR and XRD based solutions’,

February 2004.

WESSELSKY, A., and JENSEN, O.M., �Synthesis

of pure Por tland cement phases’, Cement and

Concrete Research 39 (2009), pp. 973 – 980.


Converting a dull bitumen-

coated flat roof or terrace into

an attractive paved sur face

without the use of grout or any

other form of binding agent is

challenging, unless you use

suspended paving.

CEMENT AND CONCRETE

It’s in the bag

SUSPENDED PAVING

SUSPENDED PAVING is a process that uses con-

crete flagstone pavers without the use of any bind-

ing agent. Unlike conventional paving or tiling on a

concrete sur face, in which the pavers or tiles are

attached directly onto a concrete base layer, the pavers are

mounted on small polythene sandbags without the use of

any adhesive or binding agent. All that is needed to keep the

pavers firmly in place is their weight. They are laid 10 mm

to 12 mm apart, which creates a water-permeable sur face.

These and other advantages are why suspended paving

is finding increased favour among some of the country’s

leading architectural practices. The process has already

been used on some major construction projects using

pavers supplied by Cape–based Concrete Manufacturers

Association NPC member Revelstone. Recent high-profile

projects include:

• Liberty Life’s headquarter premises in Century City

• Bloemhof in Tyger Valley

• Wembley Square in Gardens

• student residences in Stellenbosch

• Dainfern Square in Johannesburg

• Liberty Life’s Umhlanga offices.

According to Johnny Schwartz, a partner of Louis Karol

Architects, who are suspended-paving pioneers, the process

offers some distinct advantages over conventional roof-top

or terrace paving.

Tel: 011 670 7600 | www.rocla.co.za

Rocla is a subsidiary of ISG, a leading supplier of innovative infrastructure products to the construction and mining markets in Southern Africa.

SABS mark on applicable products

Where time-critical installations of culvert crossings are required, then the ROCLA Precast Culvert Base Slab is an ideal solution. It is designed and manufactured to suit the ROCLA Precast Concrete Portal culverts and

complete most projects.

ROCLA is Southern Africa’s leading manufacturer of pre-cast concrete products for infrastructure, including pipes, culverts, manholes, roadside furniture, retaining

Concrete Culverts

A strong foundation for infrastructure success

CEMENT AND CONCRETE


“First, it allows for the creation of a level

paved sur face on a base that is sloped

for drainage purposes. Flat sur faces are

achieved by altering the thickness of the

supporting sandbags to compensate for

the slope. Second, because the paved

sur face is permeable, there is no water

pooling even during the heaviest of storms.

This means that as soon as the rain has

abated, the sur face can be walked on with-

out any concerns for wet feet.

“Another major advantage is the fact that

the paved sur face creates a protective

layer that shields the waterproofing on the

base layer from the sun’s UV rays and from

other forms of possible damage. However,

in the event that the base layer does

require some routine or other maintenance

work, it is easily effected by simply lifting

the pavers and then reinserting them once

the job is completed.

“Contrast this with the expense and incon-

venience of lifting and replacing pavers that

have been grouted to the base layer. No

expansion joints are needed with suspended

paving and there is no possibility that the

pavers will crack or lift due to wind or earth-

induced movement,” says Schwartz.

Revelstone director Alex Cyprianos says

that suspended paving is generally used

in low-traffic areas such as concrete roofs,

balconies and terraces.

“The pavers tend to be large, averaging

600 mm² and 55 mm thick. We produce

a wet-cast flagstone paver, which is also

steel reinforced for extra strength, and we

can make up special shapes to accommo-

date curved borders.”

The sandbags used in suspended paving

are filled with a mixture of sand and cement

that hardens once the laying process has

been completed. Over time the polythene

outer casing will deteriorate, leaving a hard

and durable concrete core.

RIGHT TOP Wembley Square, Cape Town, where a suspended-paving installation is taking place

RIGHT BOTTOM The completed suspended-paving surface at Wembley Square


Composite technology reduces the carbon-intensive Por tland clinker content of cement ensuring that cements tread more lightly on the environment. Their mineral components carry significantly less embodied carbon than clinker, effectively reducing the carbon footprint associated with cement production.

The benefi tsof composite

technology

CEMENT AND CONCRETE

PAVE THE WAY

2

Technicrete

Technicrete

Suitable for: Available in:

www.technicrete.co.za

paving | mining | masonry | roof tiles | erosion protection retaining walls | drainage | kerbs | precast products

CEMENT AND CONCRETE


THROUGH THIS process, cement maker AfriSam is

able to conserve natural resources such as lime-

stone. The use of composite technology (C-tech)

minerals in the manufacturing of composite cements

makes constructive use of by-products from other industries,

reducing the need to landfill these materials.

Introducing engineered mineral components in increased

proportions to cement clinker presents AfriSam customers

with enhanced functional per formance qualities. The less water

required to reach the desired consistency and workability, the

better. This is because less water promotes higher concrete

strength levels. The lower water demand of C-tech cements is a

result of the additional mineral components employed and the

use of carefully selected chemical admixtures.

Another superior attribute of these cements is their reduced

heat of hydration. C-tech cements typically generate heat over

a longer period of time, substantially lowering thermal gradi-

ents and reducing the likelihood of cracking.

The use of fly ash results in a dense concrete matrix that

prevents deleterious materials such as aggressive chemicals

and sulfate-containing liquids from entering the concrete. This

resistance to ingress of deleterious elements gives the com-

posite cements their corrosion-resistance properties.

While any steel reinforcement exposed to chloride ions in

solution is prone to corrosion, GGBFS is known to capture

the chloride ions that cause corrosion in steel reinforcement,

thereby enhancing the corrosion-resistance properties of

composite cements.

The finer par ticles in GGBFS, fly ash and limestone afford

composite cements reduced permeability properties. This

resistance to water and sulfate penetration from the refined

pore structure helps protect the concrete from attack, pre-

venting deterioration.

AfriSam C-tech cements also contain mineral components

that produce superior long-term strengths compared to pure

cements, where strength-gain typically flattens out from 28

days onward.

“Our C-tech products are the result of an ongoing develop-

ment process that began in 2000 and is still moving forward,

beyond conventional boundaries,” explains Mike McDonald,

manager of AfriSam’s Centre of Product Excellence. “The

mineral components in these cements have been engineered

to make the resultant composite cement superior to pure

cement. These products offer a spectrum of functional

attributes that provide our customers with guar-

anteed quality per formance.”

OPPOSITE TOP C-tech cements offer a spectrum of functional attributes that provide customers guaranteed quality performance

LEFT C-tech personifies AfriSam’s ethos of innovation, aimed at ensuring that its customers enjoy the benefits of high-performing products


CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES

EQUIPMENT

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT | VEHICLES

New hydraulic drill aimed at great depths

A NEW HYDRAULIC,

underground, hand-

held rock drill system

is one of the most

powerful underground handheld

rock drills on the market.

The Atlas Copco HRD100

boasts an outstanding drill rate and considerable energy efficien-

cy compared to conventional pneumatic or electrical rock drills.

THE HRD system consists of the rock drill (RD100), the power

pack (PP100) and a selection of water-pusher legs.

The smart power pack monitors all vital functions and can

compensate for pressure changes automatically. The system also

monitors oil volume and compensates for pressure differences.

That allows you to work with the PP100 at a 45 degree angle,

without power loss. Simple tools make it easy to top up hydraulic

oil in the mine. The five-step water adjustment helps the operator

use the right amount of water for each step. When drilling stops,

the flow stops automatically. Measured noise is approximately

50% lower than that of a pneumatic drill. The polyurethane cover

shields noise and makes the unit shockproof.

Safety first“We really made an effort to provide high drill rates at low opera-

tional cost. But it is equally important to create a system that

save the operators energy by being light and reliable,” says Oleg

Korobotchkine, product line manager.

Working underground is difficult, but thanks to one-handed

operation and carrying handles, the HRD system makes it easier.

The stackable PP100 power pack basically manages itself.

Smart functions monitor oil flow and oil temperature. Water-

cooling and automatic overheat protection means safety and

reliability are at its core.

New simple method for cutting marble blocks

A NEW STAR is making its debut in the marble quarry sec-

tor: a B100C backhoe loader that has been equipped with

a support arm and chain cutter, mounted in place of the

traditional backhoe. This offers an ingenious and simple

method for cutting blocks of marble, which is both fast and efficient.

The B100C was fitted with a chain cutter (CST 965) developed

by Benetti Macchine, who specialises in supplying marble-cutting

machines. Benetti worked in close collaboration with the New Holland

Construction Engineering division in Lecce. The prototype underwent

several months of vigorous testing in the Carrara marble quarries,

in which the most expert operators in marble extraction made the

machine work at full speed for long periods. The result was that the

New Holland B100C backhoe loader passed with flying colours, and

made its official debut at the Marmomacc Trade Fair in 2013.

Chain-cutter alternativeFitting a backhoe loader with a chain cutter is an alternative to the

diamond-wire cutting machines normally used to cut large blocks of

marble. The New Holland solution offers greater safety and a con-

siderable reduction in working time. The backhoe loader, however,

is able to move up to the marble blocks autonomously and square

them up, allowing them to then be transported by truck to the facili-

ties dedicated to transforming them into slabs.

B100C features The B100C is equipped with an engine that meets with the strict

Tier IV Interim (EU Stage IIIB) emission standards. The 3.4 litre

engine produces 97 HP. Developed by FPT Industrial and pro-

duced in the Turin plant, this engine is particularly responsive and

frugal. C Series backhoe loaders are equipped with the LDS load-

sensing system, with a load sensor and a variable displacement

pump. Together, this system reduces consumption considerably.

The B100C backhoe loader also has a new base configuration

which includes Powershuttle transmission and mechanical con-

trols, gear-type pumps, two front and rear lights and a ROPS-

FOPS cab. The forward-tilting engine hood is easy to open and

provides excellent ground-level access to the points that require

routine maintenance.



CASE CONSTRUCTION Equipment

fur ther expands its industr y-

leading backhoe loader range

in Africa and the Middle East

with the new Case 570T, designed for

productivity, versatility and fast return

on investment.

Productivity, versatility, effi ciencyBACKHOE LOADER

The Case 570T model represents the

continuity of the Case DNA. This entry-level

backhoe boasts several high-productivity

features. These include its fuel-efficient FPT

Industrial S8000 engine, the S-styled boom,

heavy-duty front axle (also available in 4WD)

and the largest cab in the segment.


FEATURES• Fuel efficient• Heavy-duty design• Maximised up-time• Best operator environment

SPECIFICATIONS • Engine gross power: 86 HP• Travel speeds: 4+4• Max ground-level reach: 5 583 mm

(Extendhoe version)• Dipper digging force: 4 300 kgf• Bucket breakout force: 5 630 kgf• Loader max lifting capacity: 3 700 kg

Quote WIE-IM to receive a 10% discount. For more information contact Amrita on +27 (0) 11 326 2501 or email [email protected]

Researched & Developed By:

DATES: 26, 27, 28 November 2014 VENUE: Gallagher Estate, Midrand

OMEN IN ENGINEERING CONVENTION

5th Annual

OPENING ADDRESS Hon. Zanele Magwaza-MsibiDeputy Minister DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PRIORITISING YOUR WORK SCHEDULE TO IMPROVE YOUR WORK-LIFE-BALANCEPanel Lead by: Bonita SeatonDeputy Ground Segment & Operations ManagerNASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (USA)

INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

LIVE VIDEO LINK

SIEMENS IRONVELD (PTY) LTDESKOM GROUP TECHNOLOGYINTENS ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS TRANSNET ENGINEERINGSKA SA EKURHULENI METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY CILLUTIONSSASOL SYNFUELS WORKPROSOUTH AFRICAN SPACE AGENCYAURECONWSPDESHUN DEYSEL & ASSOCIATES

CONFIRMED SPEAKERS INCLUDE:

Playing a pivotal role as a woman engineer in South Africa’s infrastructure boom How to successfully manage Mega ProjectsMaximising your project objectives through due diligence and contract management skillsMapping the characteristics of a true leader that sets you apart from the pack Remedying your personal skills gap through strategising your career development

... and more

SOME OF THE KEY STRATEGIES TO BE DISCUSSED INCLUDE:

New products expand dealer network

A F R I C A

National Tel: +27 87 742 2710International: Tel: +27 31 705 0500Branches:Durban (HO), Johannesburg,Cape Town, East London, Tongaat (Factory)www.maccaferri.co.za

We now have 8 SAICE Accredited Complimentary CPD Lectures available. Visit www.maccaferri.co.za for information on lectures in your area.

used by eThekwini Housing Department for environmental friendly 11m high walls

Green Terramesh® Retaining wallLamontville Housing Project: Barcelona

GREEN

Terramesh®

ARANGE OF light,

medium and heavy

rig-mounted hydrau-

lic breakers for con-

struction and demolition, as

well as two improved CPLT

light tower models for portable

autonomous site lighting, are

now available.

In South and Southern

Africa, the Chicago Pneumatic

range of construction and min-

ing equipment is only available

applications with the larger breakers. The

light and medium rig-mounted breaker range

comprises nine models designed to match

various applications in general construc-

tion, light to medium demolition, renovation

and trenching.

Max performance, min. costs “RX hydraulic breakers have been designed

to keep performance to a maximum, and

operational costs to a minimum,” says Van

der Westhuizen.

All features built into the RX breakers focus

on reliability, easy maintenance and efficient

performance. The units are engineered with

fewer components and working parts, which

reduces maintenance. The state-of-the-art

mono block’s, two-in-one design with a com-

bined cylinder and tool holder, eliminates the

need for side bolts.

Design featuresThe Power Boost is designed to achieve great-

er breaking performance in tough applications



through dealers. Jacques van der Westhuizen,

business development manager for Chicago

Pneumatic in South Africa, explains: “With

the recent launch of our new hydraulic break-

ers and light towers and with more new prod-

ucts in the launch pipeline, it is our objective

to bring the complete Chicago Pneumatic

product range and support services to our

customers. We are establishing a solid

countrywide dealer network, selecting only

discerning dealers.”

Rig-mounted hydraulic breakersThe new RX line of rig-mounted light, medium

and heavy hydraulic breakers fit any break-

ing application, from day-to-day construction

with the lighter models to tougher quarrying

RX range of medium rig mounted hydraulic breakers from Chicago Pneumatic


without requir-

ing additional

hydraulic input.

The enhanced

p e r c u s s i v e

per formance

is achieved

by reusing the

recoil energy.

The RX line

also features

a d v a n c e d

noise and

v i b r a t i o n

damping technology; with the RX recoil-

absorbing system and insulated breaker

boxes, the RX series is one of the quietest

breakers on the market. The PowerControl

Plus valve enables the operator to adjust

the operation mode of the breaker to the

application in the field without opening the

hydraulic circuit. Additional design features

and improvements include an established

hybrid gas/oil technology, a field-replaceable

cylinder sleeve for decreased service times,

elimination of a high-pressure accumulator

to increase reliability, an internal control

valve for increased efficiency and a rein-

forced breaker box design with rock claws.

Portable lightingChicago Pneumatic’s two new arrivals in

the portable lighting industry, the CPLT

M12 and CPLT H5 light towers with manual

and hydraulic masts respectively, build on

the success of the existing CPLT M10 light

tower renowned for delivering highly reliable,

easy-to-use and manoeuvrable autonomous,

portable site-lighting solutions.

The new CPLT range, driven by the powerful

Kubota engine, suits a variety of applica-

tions in construction, mining and oil and gas

industries, as well as public sectors, sport-

ing events, entertainment and emergency

situations. Both light towers have been

carefully designed to be extremely easy to

position in any desired location to obtain

optimal work-area lighting while the metal

halide lamp technology delivers long periods

of autonomous operation. The four energy-

efficient, long-lasting 1 000 W metal halide

lamps are capable of generating 440 000

lumens of lighting power.

THE RANGERX 2• Service weight: 94 kg • Fits 1 to 3 tonne carrier classes.RX 22• Service weight: 1 500 kg• Ideal for 17 to 28 tonne carriers

weight class.Five new heavy breakersRX 26, RX 30, RX 38, RX 46 and RX 54 • Service weights: 1 800 to 4 200 kg• Fit 20 to 70 tonnes carriers • Ideal for heavy demolition, rock

excavation and quarry applications

Chicago Pneumatic CPLT M12 manual light tower



ASM LXHS15 & 20mm

Plastic

Cape Town:021 510 4266

or021 510 8408

Johannesburg: 011 609 4647

or011 609 6336

[email protected]

LEVEL 2

‘When the Bottom Line

counts’‘Order your

water meters from

South Africa’s fastest growing

water meter company with theirstocks of

NRCS TYPE APPROVED

brass or plastic

water meters’

ASM LXH15 & 20mm

Brass

IT IS ESTIMATED that up to 40% of

all engine failures are related to prob-

lems that stem from the cooling sys-

tem. Coolants are thus of paramount

importance when it comes to effective

vehicle maintenance.

Cummins distributes a range of Fleetguard

coolants which protect engine components

from cooling system problems. The com-

pany’s technical sales manager for the

mining division, Gerald Annandale, notes

that coolant is composed of three compo-

nents: water content, ethylene glycol and a

chemical por tion.

“The coolant is an integral par t of vehicle

engine maintenance. Its water content por-

tion cools down the engine, while the ethyl-

ene glycol forms the anti-freeze por tion of

the mixture. The smallest, but arguably the

most important, component is the chemi-

cal make-up of the coolant, which protects

the internal sur faces of the engine,” he

explains.

Critical componentsThe cooling system of a vehicle comprises

a number of different types of metal,

which results in sensitivity to corrosion.

“Aluminium is extremely sensitive to corro-

sion by chemical attack. In order to protect

aluminium components in the engine, a

silica compound forms part of the coolant

formulation to specifically protect the sur-

face of the aluminium. The foundation of

the formulation is protection, cooling, anti-

boil and anti-freeze,” observes Annandale.

Annandale adds that although the radia-

tor is an important component of the cool-

ing system it is only able to do so much.

“With the radiator cap on, the system is

pressurised, and the boiling point of the

water rises slightly. When a high-quality

coolant with a sufficient amount of eth-

ylene glycol compound is used, it will

only boil at 108°C, improving the boiling

point of the water, as well as lowering the

freezing point.”

Water makes up an extremely impor-

tant par t of a vehicle’s cooling system;

however, if ordinary tap water is used

it could be detrimental to the life of the

vehicle’s cooling system. “Chemicals such

as chlorine are commonly added to water

to make it safe for human consumption.

These chemicals not only disrupt the

chemical make-up of the coolant, but also

have the propensity to rust the different

components of the cooling system. It is

for this reason that long-life, pre-dilut-

ed coolants such as ES Complete were

formulated,”states Annandale.

Some industrial operations even make

use of borehole water, which is often cal-

cium enriched or hard, leading to calcium

deposits forming in the engine. These

deposits form an insulation layer that

separates the water from the engine com-

ponent it should be cooling. A 3 mm build-

up of calcium creates an equivalent heat

barrier to that of 50 mm of extra steel.

Therefore, the necessary heat transfer

does not take place and results in danger-

ous levels of rising heat.

The importance of coolant in vehicle maintenance

Should the cooling system have not been regularly maintained, Restore will highlight any leaks or problems



ES Compleat Glycerin pre-diluted coolantThis is a new and innovative heavy-duty

engine coolant made with glycerin, a raw

material derived from renewable energy

sources, such as a by-product of biodiesel

manufacturing.

Glycerin is used in place of ethylene

glycol or propylene glycol, ensuring envi-

ronmental responsibility with green prod-

ucts that continue to provide superior

engine protection.

Good maintenance According to Annandale, a good vehicle

cooling system maintenance programme

should include regular testing of the cool-

ant. It is recommended that a cooling sys-

tem test is completed every 30 000 km in

order to check the quality of the vehicle’s

coolant and determine any contamination.

One of the most neglected par ts of an

engine system is the cooling system, and

the only way to recover from a failure is to

overhaul the engine, which is immensely

costly. Coolants can be tested effor tlessly

and accurately with either a refractometer

or with coolant quality test strips, both

of which are supplied by Cummins. The

Fleetguard refractometer is a fast and easy

way to determine the freeze-point protec-

tion of both ethylene glycol and propylene

glycol coolants.

It is more accurate than most test strips

and float-type hydrometers and it is also

easy to use. A drop of coolant from the

cooling system is placed on the refractom-

eter window and the lid is shut. By simply

looking through the eyepiece, you are able

to record the freeze-point protection of

the coolant.

Cummins-branded Restore alkaline-

based cleaning fluid is designed to clean

a vehicle’s engine and cooling system by

removing all unwanted deposits and resi-

due from inside the cooling system itself.

“In the event that the cooling system has

not been regularly maintained, Restore will

highlight any leaks or problems detected.

If the cooling system has been properly

maintained and the correct coolant has

been used, Restore will ensure that the

cooling system continues to operate in

good working condition for a prolonged

period.”

Cummins also supplies a wide range of

Fleetguard coolant products, which pro-

tect engine components against corrosion,

liner pitting, cavitation, scale and depos-

its and acidification. These include: ES

Compleat OAT, ES Compleat, Fleetcool EX,

Fleetcool and Fleetcool Recycled.

“The Cummins range of Fleetguard cool-

ant products has been formulated for use

in heavy-duty vehicles. Diesel engines

today are highly efficient, but also stressed

and need to be looked after. Coolant plays

a vital par t in this vehicle maintenance,

as it is more cost-effective to buy a qual-

ity coolant than to replace an engine

after a failure due to poor maintenance,”

concludes Annandale.


Pre-Conference Workshop Infrastructure Asset Management

28th October 2014 – Durban Country Club, KZN

“Using IMESA’s AMPLE and other tools to get started, and manage your valuable infrastructure portfolios through a structured and cost-effective,

step-by-step asset management improvement programme”

IMESA Conference 2014

WHAT IS AMPLE?

AMPLE (Asset Management Program Learning Environment) is a web-enabled knowledge management system which aims to present a means by which organisations and their staff can gain an understanding of:

the principles of life-cycle asset management in a logical, cost-effective, step-by-step process.

the essential components of a state-of-the-art asset management programme.

‘how to do it’ information to drive their asset management improvement programme.

AMPLE is the result of over 20 years in the development of world-class asset management manuals and approaches

for successful AM improvement programmes that have delivered all aspects of best-practice AM for a full range of infrastructure services, especially local governments – metros and towns – using a ‘whole of city’ approach covering all infrastructure and physical asset types.

The objective of IMESA’s AMPLE is to provide a web-based asset management learning environment, which will assist all municipalities and their infrastructure-rich businesses to drive sustainable asset management improvement cost-effectively. It provides a web-based knowledge management system that can be implemented to suit individual

municipalities to achieve a sustainable level of life-cycle asset management that delivers the required level of service at the lowest life-cycle cost.

WHO SHOULD ATTEND?This workshop will be ideal for all those who:

are thinking about implementing infrastructure asset management but don’t know where to start.

have started, but would like to see some smart ways to do it more cost-effectively, while deriving even greater benefits for your municipality.

would like to know how IMESA can support you in your efforts.

The workshop will follow the highly successful 10-box training programme now used across the USA and with municipal clients in Australia, New Zealand, UK, Canada and South America

Asset registers, valuation, con-dition assessment and residual lives, levels of service, business risk exposure, optimal mainte-nance programmes, rehabilitation/replacement/augmentation, asset management plans, future expend-iture and funding models and stake-holder consultation

Getting started – How did others do it: the different ways to get started

Change management effective implementation programmes (EIP) – successful AM improvement programmes

Building your first AMP and driving its improvement cost-effectively

Gap analysis techniques and TEAMQF – Roger will demonstrate the Gap-Ex 1 web-based tool so that participants can then go and try it out with their organisation.

All participants will be given a free toggle to use the tool

The business case for improving your AM performance – asset management improvement programmes

Organisational and people issues

Risk management

Data collection – smart techniques – Delphi group approaches

Capital investment programmes (CIP) justification/validation

Strategic asset management planning

Justifying and focusing existing budgets

Understanding the full economic/whole-of-life/cost-of-service (triple bottom line – TBL)

Asset valuation/depreciation/economic cost

Condition assessment process and residual life estimates

Asset management information systems, data and knowledge

IMESA

YOUR WORKSHOP FACILITATOR

Roger Byrne was the international manager of GHD’s Global Asset Management Group for over 30 years. Based in Melbourne, Australia, and now semi-retired, he still works all over the world as a principal advisor/mentor to clients. He has written many texts on asset management including many manuals, such as the IIMM and the development of the world’s first quality framework; associated AMPLE / TEAMQF web-based

tools that are assisting infrastructure owners and managers around the world. Roger has helped develop innovative approaches including business value chains, confidence-level rating processes, the step-by-step approach and methods to identify what is best practice for different organisations and their assets. Roger is in the ‘legacy years’ of his career and is concentrating on really understanding the reasons or causes for AM failures and driving AM improvements collaboratively around the world.

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TYPICAL TOPICS INCLUDED IN THE WORKSHOP PROGRAMME

ORGANISER The workshop is en-dorsed and organised by the INSTITUTE OF MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING OF SOUTHERN AFRICA (IMESA).

CO-HOSTED BYThe eThekwini Municipality

CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Attendance at the workshop will ensure 1 CPD point. IMESA will issue a certificate of attendance to workshop participants after the event.

COST/REGISTRATIONOnline registration www.imesa.org.za

Venue Durban Country Club

Time 08:00 – 16:30

Payment before 17 October 2014

Cost per delegate IMESA members R1 600.00 + VAT R224.00 = R1 824.00

Cost per delegate Non IMESA members R1 800.00 + VAT R252.00 = R2 052.00

For any query, please contact Erin – +27 (0)31 303 9852

Space at the workshop is limited and applications will be accepted on a first-come-first-served basis. Payment of the workshop fee includes full-day conference package.


YOUNG ENGINEERS

The competition – imitating reality

WATER DISTRIBUTION sys-

tems are important in sup-

pying safe and clean drink-

ing water. The teams are

tasked with designing a model water-distri-

bution network to distribute three litres of

water equally between three points on the

grid using two different diameter pipes and

connection pieces.

They are then judged on how well they

execute the task, working on a penalty-point

system. The participants have an hour in

which to design, construct and operate

their network.

This competition exposes learners to

the practical application of processes that

influence their daily lives: how water gets

to their homes. They are made aware of

the intricacies involved in the design of

water distribution networks and actual

water delivery to households.

The competition creates awareness

regarding the issues surrounding water in

South Africa. It spreads the message that

members Seokedzi Mothoka, Masuila

Phihlela and Alvin Seakamela. The three

winning teams and their educators shared

prize money of just over R17 000.

This year the winners of the regional

competitions came to Johannesburg from

Bloemfontein, Cape Town, East London,

Por t Elizabeth, Kimberley and Limpopo, to

battle the local winners for top honours.

Awards finalistFor a second successive year, the

Aqualibrium initiative had the honour of

being chosen as one of four finalists in the

National Science and Technology Forum

and BHP Billiton Awards – the oldest and

most prestigious in South Africa – in the

category where an individual or team is

recognised for their outstanding contribu-

tion to science, engineering, technology

and innovation through science communi-

cation and creating science awareness.

water is a precious com-

modity, the use of which

should be reduced, recy-

cled, reused, respected

and conserved.

Through this competi-

tion, SAICE and the Water

Research Commission,

currently the competi-

tion’s major sponsor,

have undertaken to raise

awareness that water

should be used wise-

ly, that infrastructure

should be maintained

and that new infrastruc-

ture should be created to

provide potable water to

those without it.

2014 championsThe 2014 champions, with only 35 penalty

points conceded, were Brackenfell High

School from Cape Town with team mem-

bers Angelique le Roux, Aldo Siegling and

Bennie van Eeden.

Second place went to the

Winnie Mandela Secondar y

School from Tembisa, with

85 penalty points. The team

members were Gugulethu

Mokhwebane, Lerato Dhlamini

and Collen Rapelego.

In third place, with 177

penalty points, was Dendron

Secondary School with team

Achieving Aqualibriumm

TOP The winning team from Brackenfell High School from left to right: Angelique le Roux, Stanford Mkhacane (SAICE President 2014), Aldo Siegling, Lefadi Makibinyane (Rand Water Board member and CESA’s CEO), Johan Nieuwoudt (educator) and Bennie van Eeden

ABOVE Winnie Mandela Secondary School came second with team members Gugulethu Mokhwebane, Lerato Dhlamini and Collen Rapelego and educator Steven Ngwane at the back, second from the right, alongside representatives from Rand Water and SAICE

In the third place was Dendron Secondary School in Limpopo. The team members, Seokedzi Mothoka, Masuila Phihlela and Alvin Seakamela, with educator Vincent Mokobane, second from the right

A qualibrium, the exciting SAICE-Rand Water Schools Water Competition, strengthens initiatives to encourage learners to take mathematics and science, enabling them to pursue one of the top-priority scarce skills on Government’s list.

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IMESA

AECOM [email protected] Broom Road Products [email protected] SA [email protected] [email protected] Manufacturing Infraset [email protected] Africa Group Holdings [email protected] Consulting [email protected] Bosch Munitech [email protected] Stemele [email protected] Brubin Pumps [email protected] Consulting Engineers [email protected] Consulting Engineers [email protected] Corrosion Institute of Southern Africa [email protected] Built Environment [email protected] Bank of SA [email protected] Plastics [email protected] Engineers [email protected] Kent Metering [email protected] Engineers [email protected] South Africa (Pty) Ltd [email protected] [email protected] Consulting [email protected] Goba [email protected] [email protected] Technology [email protected] Enterprises [email protected]@Consulting [email protected] Consulting [email protected] [email protected] Environment [email protected] and Green [email protected] Water [email protected] Consulting Engineers [email protected] & Templer (K&T) Consulting Engineers [email protected] Base [email protected] Water [email protected] Narasimulu & Associates [email protected] Padayachee & Associates (Pty) Ltd [email protected] Consulting Engineers [email protected]

Marley Pipe Systems [email protected] [email protected] Macdonald PDNA [email protected] Asphalt [email protected] Consulting [email protected] Engineering Systems [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] HaskoningDHV [email protected] SABITA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Water Systems [email protected] Consulting [email protected] Lines [email protected] SA [email protected] Water Company [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Sobek Engineering [email protected] African Society for Trenchless Technology [email protected] Consulting [email protected] Pumps Wastewater [email protected] Syntell [email protected] Engineers East London [email protected] Consulting [email protected] Consulting [email protected] [email protected] VIP Consulting Engineers [email protected] VOMM [email protected] VUKA Africa Consulting Engineers [email protected] Institute of Southern Africa [email protected] Water Solutions Southern Africa [email protected] South Africa [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Group Africa [email protected] Surfacing [email protected]


INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Afri-Infra 80

Aggregate and Sand Producers Association of SA 21

Bagshaw Footwear 70

Beier Safety Footwear 68

DPI Plastics 55

DWA 14

ELB Equipment 46

ERWAT 22

Fiberpipe 44

Herrenknecht AG 38

Hall Longmore 52

Hydrodifusion Fittings 33

IMESA General 56

IMESA Workshop 76

Incledon 30

Joat Group IFC

Komatsu 19

Krohne South Africa 18

Marley Pipe Systems OFC

Maccaferri Southern Africa 72

MacSteel 49

MCI Measurement Control Instrumentation 66

Mr Stubman CC 32

National Asphalt 75

Pan Mixers South Africa 61

Precision Meters 74

Rescue Rod 45

Rocla 62

SA Readymix Association 65

Sasol Polymers 36

Sangio Pipe 54

SBS Water Systems 53

Sephaku Cement 58

Sizabantu Piping Systems 26

Standard Bank 17

The Bvi Group 12

The Concrete Institute 63

The Rare Group t/a Rare 34

Technicrete 64

Tosas 73

TT Innovations 42

Vermeer Equipment Suppliers 2

Water & Sanitation Services OBC

Women in Engineering Convention 71

WRP IBC

ADVERTISERS

Water and Sanitation Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd (WSSA) is a specialised provider of sustainable water services in Southern Africa

Water & Sanitation Services SA.indd 1 2014/03/26 11:52:53 AM

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Imiesa September 2014