Imperialism Part IIAsia and Middle East

India

• Was controlled by Great Britain 1839-1947

• Britain was insensitive to Hindu and Muslim Religion and Indian Customs

• Britain created a modern system of secondary education, economic reforms, and a unified powerful state

Leading to Rebellion

• Caused by British insensitivity• Soldiers were forced to bite bullets

coated in animal fat from cows or pigs violated dietary restrictions and religious beliefs

• Raised taxes, less pay, food shortages

• Widows were allowed to remarry (Sati) seen as Christian conspiracy to undermine beliefs

Sepoy Rebellion 1857-1858

• Hindu and Muslim Soldiers• Northern and central India• Crushed by British loyal

troops in south• After India is ruled by

Parliament in London and administered by a tiny all white committee in India

China

• Carved into spheres of influence in the late 19th century

• Had a trade surplus up until the Industrial Revolution

• Tea – Opium Trade with Britain leads to conflict

• Eventually they are controlled by Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan

• US – Open Door Policy

Opium Wars• 1839-1841 Chinese government outlawed opium

due to addiction• British merchant ships clashed with Chinese

warships• Chinese were easily defeated by Britain’s more

advanced gun boats• Treaty of Nanking: pay indemnity, Britain gets Hong

Kong and have to open 5 ports to foreign trade• 1856-1860 China is forced to accept trade and

investment terms of the west• Westerners followed their home laws not China’s

Taiping Rebellion 1850

•Led by Hong Xiuquan (Christian)•Wanted land reform, community

ownership of property, equality for men and women

•Civil War for 14 years 20 million died

•Manchus defeated rebellion with British help

Boxer Rebellion 1899

• Response to Open Door Policy and Imperialism

• Antiforeigner feelings anti-imperialism• Trained in martial arts• Attacked foreigners nationwide in 1900• Western Powers & Japan join forces and

crush rebellion• Chinese nationalism continued to spread

Dr. Sun Yixian

• Wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and create a republic

• Created “3 principles of the People”– 1 Nationalism– 2 Democracy– 3 LivelihoodDec 1911 – named new president of the

Chinese republic next 37 years saw constant war with itself or foreign invaders

Japan

•Japan resisted being imperialized

•Was quick to modernize and became an imperial power in late 19th century–Meiji Restoration: reforms to compete with the West

Russo - Japanese War 1904

• Russia and Japan both want Manchuria and Korea

• Russia want a trans-Siberian railway across Manchuria• Japan destroys Russia’s fleet off Korea• Impact: Russia turns to take over Balkans,

Japan Annexes Korea, West is afraid of Japan -1st powerful Asian nation

Asia Division

• France : Indochina• Britain: Burma, Malay Peninsula,

North Borneo• Germany: Some Pacific Islands• Russia: Persia, outer China• Spanish - American War: US took

Philippines, Guam, Cuba ; Hawaii

• Britain and Russia = Iran (Oil!)