IMPRESSIONISM- 1874 - 1886

• Artists working outside of official Salon, called the “______________________”

• 1874 -1st group show• Term 1st used in negative manner –but

gradually became accepted. It was the critic “_________” who gave the group its name after he saw “___________” painting.

Elbow

E:

L:

B:

O:

W:

Beginning of Modernism& New Systems of Patronage

• New modern subjetc matters: “_________ life”

• The importance of Art dealers grew

• Why?

Emergence of the AVANTE GARDE * originated in 19th century

• 19th century terms for artists & scientists who banded together to reform society

• Artists and their work which stand in the forefront of a movement or of “ _______ “ ideas, often in opposition to established ideas and traditions; art that's ahead of its time, innovative and experimental.

New chemical pigments & collapsable tin tube facilitated

painting “plein air”

Scientific and cultural influences:

• Invention of photography– Cropping – Casual moments– Grainy qualities (perhaps flatness)

• Invention of new materialsNew chemical pigmentsTin tubeJapanese woodblock prints

Monet’s primary subjects

• Landscapes, poplars• Cliffs, seascapes• Haystacks• Rouen cathedral• Garden - Giverny

Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral

Monet, Rouen Cathedral x 2

Claude Monet, Gare St. Lazare: Modern LifeWhat is modern?

Monet, Wheat stacks

Monet, Branch of the Seine near Giverny

Claude Monet, Japanese Footbridge

Claude Monet, Waterlilies

Degas primary subjects

• Races / human and animal movement

• Ballet• Women grooming• Other - milleners

Edgar Degas, School of Dance

Edgar Degas, After the Bath, Combing Hair

Auguste Renoir, Moulin de la Gazette

Auguste Renoir – Dancing :the activities of |bourgesoise

Women & arts:

• Until 1790 only four women had exhibited at the Paris Salon, by the end of the 19th century finally women were allowed to study at the Academy.

Mary Cassatt

• American expat, lived in Paris

• Primarily scenes of women and children

• Flattened picture plane• Emphasis in patterns• Cropping

Mary Cassatt, girl in armchair

Gustave Caillebotte, rooftops

Caillebotte: Floor Scrapers, Rain

Caillebotte, Floor Scrapers