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Indian Power-plant NOx Emissions: OMI Satellite Retrievals vs Bottom-up Inventory Estimates (Preliminary Results)
David Streets and Zifeng Lu
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, IL 60439
AQAST Meeting EPA Research Triangle Park November 16-18, 2011
A new, multi-year, bottom-up inventory of NOx emissions from Indian power plants has been developed
A detailed, unit-level inventory has been developed for India’s power sector during
1997-2010
– All units with capacity larger than 20 MW (> 500 units) are included
– Plant-wise fuel consumption
Data source: Thermal Performance Review (1997-2010)
Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of India
NOx emission factors (g/kg)
NOx control assumptions
– Coal-fired power plants: Units built after 1996 are equipped with Low-NOx burners
(LNB)
– Other thermal power plants: India has NOx emission standards for gas-, liquid-, and
diesel-fired power plants
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<100 MW 100–300 MW > 300 MW
w/o LNB 6.55a 7.00a 8.57b
w/ LNB 3.78c 4.00d 5.01a,d
a Zhao et al., 2008 b IPCC, 2006 c Estimated d Zhao et al., 2010
Increasing trend in Indian NOx power plant emissions
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From 1996 to 2010, Indian thermal power plants showed: Generating capacity: 84% increase Electricity generation: 110% increase Coal consumption: 95% increase
NOx emissions: 71% increase
Indian power plants locations vs. NO2 columns
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Graphic shows the spatial distribution of
monthly mean tropospheric NO2 from
OMI during March 2005 – February 2011.
Data source: KNMI,
DOMINO ver. 2.0, Level 3
Seasonal response is highly variable
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Due to frequent cloud cover and heavy
monsoon rainfall, July to September is the
worst period for India to observe NO2 from
satellites.
Interannual variation of “power-plant” NO2 columns
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Indian power plants are aggregated
to 81 areas • 0.625⁰×0.625⁰ for an area with a single plant
For area i, NO2 tropospheric column
due to emissions from power plant is
calculated by:
[NO2]power, i = (Emipower, i ÷ Emii)× [NO2]i
• Emii are total NOx emissions in area i
• Area emissions are taken from EDGAR4.1
for 2005, and scaled to 1997-2010 based on
the GAINS inventory
Satellite NO2 trends for power plants are in good agreement with bottom-up NOx inventory emission trends except for 2010
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R: the correlation coefficient between each dataset and Indian NOx power-plant emissions Satellite data sources: OMI, KNMI, DOMINO ver. 2.0, Level 3 SCIAMACHY, KNMI, TM4NO2A ver. 2.0, Level 3 GOME-2, KNMI, TM4NO2A ver. 2.0, Level 3 GOME, KNMI, TM4NO2A ver. 2.0, Level 3 It is possible that more plants are equipped with LNB during Indian 11th Plan of Renovation and Modernization (R&M) and Life Extension Programme (LEP) from 2008 to 2012 (~25% capacity is involved).
Comparisons of NOx emissions vs. NO2 columns
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Scatter plots
R2 vs. the fraction of power emissions in the grid cell (Fpower)
Situation for India seems better than for China
Similarity
NOx emissions from power sector are high and are
continuously increasing in both countries
Differences
The latitude of India is lower than China. Therefore, in
India,
– temperature is higher; NO2 lifetime is shorter;
observed NO2 columns are more closely correlated
with NOx emissions
– solar zenith angle is smaller, and thus the
tropospheric NO2 retrievals are more reliable (the
vertical profile sensitivity of the satellite
measurement is a function of solar zenith angle at
the time of satellite overpass)
– seasonality is weaker. All-year data can be used,
whereas only summer data are used for China
Area emissions are smaller in India than in China
– Indian NO2 columns are distributed as individual
hotspots which are good for quantitative analysis
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