Topic 5: Individual Differences and Learning

Intelligence

• Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from, understand, and interact with one’s environment.

• Intelligence is defined as general cognitive problem-solving skills. A mental ability involved in reasoning, perceiving relationships and analogies, calculating, learning quickly…

• Is measured by: the Binet test & the Wechler Test

Intelligence

• Adaptability to a new environment or to changes in the current environment

• Capacity for knowledge and the ability to acquire it

• Capacity for reason and abstract thought • Ability to comprehend relationships • Ability to evaluate and judge • Capacity for original and productive thought

Intelligence

• Learn. This includes all kinds of informal and formal learning via any combination of experience, education, and training.

• Pose problems. This includes recognizing problem situations and transforming them into more clearly defined problems.

• Solve problems. This includes solving problems, accomplishing tasks, fashioning products, and doing complex projects.

Multiple Intelligence

• Howard Gardner viewed intelligence as 'the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting' (Gardner & Hatch, 1989).

Linguistic intelligence

• Involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals.

• This intelligence includes the ability to effectively use language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically; and language as a means to remember information.

• Writers, poets, lawyers and speakers are among those

Logical-mathematical intelligence

• consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically.

• the ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically

• most often associated with scientific and mathematical thinking.

Musical intelligence

• lnvolves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. It encompasses the capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.

• musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel to linguistic intelligence.

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

• the potential of using one's whole body or parts of the body to solve problems.

• It is the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate bodily movements.

Spatial intelligence

• the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas.

Interpersonal intelligence

• concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people.

• It allows people to work effectively with others.

• Educators, salespeople, religious and political leaders and counsellors

Intrapersonal intelligence

• capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one's feelings, fears and motivations.

• In Howard Gardner's view it involves having an effective working model of ourselves, and to be able to use such information to regulate our lives.

Naturalist intelligence

• The ability to observe patterns in nature & understand natural & human-human systems

• Farmers, botanists, ecologist & landscapers

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

• EI is sometimes referred to as emotional quotient (EQ) or emotional literacy

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

• A type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own & others emotions, to discriminate them & to use the information to guide one’s thinking & actions (John Mayer & Peter Salovey)

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

Goleman defined emotional intelligence as a capacity for recognizing our own and others' feelings, for motivating ourselves, and for managing our emotions, both within ourselves and in our relationships.

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

• EQ is the ability to understand & manage our own emotions as well as others- intra personal- inter personal

• Raising EQ is possible because EI is learnable

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

Your attitude is the primary measures of emotional intelligence

gratitude, optimism,

self-awareness, adaptability

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

Goleman identified the five 'domains' of EQ as: • Knowing your emotions. • Managing your own emotions. • Motivating yourself. • Recognising and understanding other people's

emotions. • Managing relationships, ie., managing the emotions of

others.

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

Individuals with EI are able to relate to others with compassion & empathy, have well-developed social skills, and have this emotional awareness to direct their action & behavior

Goleman’s EI Competency Model (1998)

Personal Competence Social Competence

Self Awareness

Self-Regulation

Motivation

EmpathySocial Skills

Emotional Intelligence