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Industrial Revolution and Jacksonian America . Economic Nationalism. Financial System: Second Bank of US establishes national currency and expands credit. Protective Tariff: helps manufacturers. Transportation: expansion of canals and roads. Industrial Revolution . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Industrial Revolution and Jacksonian America
Economic Nationalism
• Financial System: Second Bank of US establishes national currency and expands credit.
• Protective Tariff: helps manufacturers.• Transportation: expansion of canals and
roads.
Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution- ongoing effort over
many decades to increase production by using machines instead of human or animal power– Why Industrial Revolution? Population is growing
• Began in Great Britain. Samuel Slater brings Revolution to America by building water powered textile mill – Water powers tools, making it possible to make
clothes faster and cheaper
The Cotton Gin • Textile Mills are
speeding up production, but they need cotton coming in
• Eli Whitney invents machine that separates cotton seeds from the cotton fiber – Cotton production
skyrockets
Cotton Gin and the Civil War
• After Cotton Gin…– Southerners look for places to grow cotton
• Era of territorial expansion begins• Planters settle in Alabama, Mississippi, and (Mexican
controlled) Texas- Planters bring more enslaved Africans • Number of slaves doubles from 1790-1820. Not there are
1.5 million• Cotton Gin reinforces idea that slavery isn’t going
anywhere
Sectionalism widens
• Sectionalism- loyalty to your section of the country
• North- Industrializing • South- Devoted completely to farming
Election of 1824• Jackson wins electoral votes and popular
votes. Adams comes in second Clay (Speaker of House) comes in last
• No Candidate gets 51% of total electoral votes
• Election goes to House• “Corrupt Bargain” puts Quincy Adams in
White House– Corrupt Bargain=
Election of 1828
• Jackson vs. Quincy Adams• First race when the Democrats
(Jackson) face the Republicans (Quincy Adams)---Republicans will eventually become the Whig Party
Election of 1828• Jackson against Quincy
Adams• Republican (Adams)
– Major role for Fed. Govt– Northern upper class
• Democrat (Jackson)– Small role for fed. Govt– Southern common men– Slaveholders
Jackson- “Dance with the girl who brought you”
• Jackson able to beat Adams because many states allow non-property owning White males to vote for first time in 1828– They all vote for Jackson. – Jackson never forgets their support, and
his roots
Jackson’s inauguration
Andrew Jackson
• Enemy of Native Americans (Seminole War)
• Enemy of British (only President to have fought in two Wars- Revolutionary War and War of 1812)
• Defender of common man– Hates National Bank
Jackson’s Indian Policy • After invention of Cotton Gin, Southern
farmers want to expand into Native American land in Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi
• 1829- Gold found in Georgia- Whites flood into Indian land
• Jackson firm believer in Manifest Destiny– Belief that it is the destiny/pre-decided outcome for
all Americans to control all the land in between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
– Jackson’s goal is to get US to Pacific, it won’t happen until James K. Polk is in office 4 Presidents later
Jackson’s Indian policies (cont)
• 1830- Congress passes Indian Removal Act– Indians move west into land from LA. Purchase– Most Indians go
• “Five Civilized Tribes” refuse to move– Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and
Seminoles – Jackson sends troops to remove them with force– Proves the theory that Natives were not all united– Had distinct cultures which arose from local
climate and terrain
Cherokee resistance • Cherokee situation different than most
– Almost fully assimilated into White culture• Cherokees bring their case to US Supreme
Court through a missionary – Supreme Court agrees that Cherokees can stay.– Jackson defies Court, sends troops to remove
them anyway • 15,000 Cherokees march for 116 days to Oklahoma• 1 out of every 4 died• Troops ordered not to let Indians rest. • Became known as “Trail of Tears”
Trail of Tears
Jackson’s administration remembered for 3 things
• The Spoils system- Jackson giving his friends/supports governmental jobs
• The Banking War- Jackson believed Bank only helped rich/well born. Tried to block it’s re-charter
• Indian Removal
Jackson’s legacy
• Accomplishes more (for better or worse) than any President until Lincoln– Position of President is powerful
• Dedicated his time in office to helping “common man” – Makes sure they can vote (power)
• 27% vote in 1820. 80% vote in 1840– Gives them jobs– Leaves women, slaves, and Indians behind