Chapter 13 B and 17 272-284

Post Jacksonian Democracy / Texas Revolution / Mexican-American War

Territorial Expansion

___________________• ________________ (_____________)• “The Wizard of Albany” - “yes man”,

smooth talker, 1st to be born under the American Flag

Jackson doesn’t run – 70 and sick …. But still had a presence(Spoils action in 1836 election: rigged nominating convention – put his boys in here)• Problems:

(1) ________________________________________________________________(2) _______________(_____) that almost incited a war with the ___________(3) Issues of _______________________

Whigs in 1836“__________________”- various Whigs all over the country that appealed to various regions, with separate agendas (_________________)Purpose: ___________________________________ - Remember the Corrupt Bargain / this Whig action could deadlock the Electoral College and then it will go to the House…where Whigs may have a chance in 1836Main Whig Candidate: _________________________Hero of: ______________________________________Henry Clay is elbowed out!Outcome: Nothing and Van Buren won in 36 “Little Magician” by no more than 25,000 votesWhigs are not happy with “machine-made” Van Buren

Depression and Panic of 1837Main Causes:(1) _______________________________________(2) ____________________________(3) _________________________(4) _________________________(5) _________________________ in 1836 – _________________________-(pinched the

American economy)Products:Whigs called for change (higher tariffs, more bank credit), but Van Buren didn’t budge – but did create the

“Divorce Bill” The Whig Party wanted to increase tariffs, but Van Buren responded with the “__________________” – federal government should separate from the banking system all together! (anti-Hamiltonian / BOUS view)PLAN:Setting up an “_________________________” – extra money will go into “Vaults” not banks! – Result: create stability away from the problematic banking system

_____________________________– repealed the very next year by the ________

Going to TexasWHY TEXAS?!?! (Manifest Destiny / land to grow cotton / slavery issue is raised!• Texas territory is owned by Spain• American settlers ask Spain if they could enter Texas and

Spain says no• Mexico has a revolution against Spain and wins their

independence in 1820 and ALLOWS American settlers to enter Texas territory.

In 1823, ____________(impresario) led families into Texas with the conditions that (1) __________________________ (Mexicanized)(2) _________________ for protection against Native

Americans (3) they must become ______________(4) _____________________________________

Timeline• 1820 - ______________________• 1822 - American settlers go down to Texas (_______ ) / ______• 1830 - _________________• 1835 - Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes _____________________• 1836 - ______________________ (claim and victory)• 1845 - ______________________(Southern state)

Conflict emerged and Texans were jailed while protesting (including Stephen Austin in Mexico City). Mexican president Santa Anna had had enough by 1835 First Battle: ____________________(Ends in a Mexican withdrawal) Story: Mexico loaned a cannon to Texans to fight off Native AmericaAttacks. Mexico wanted it back – and Texans claimed “come and take

______________________________________________

• Texans rebelled against Santa Anna’s orders and war beginsSanta Anna led 6,000 soldiers to the *Texans simply said “this land is ours” and named Sam Houston (Commander in Chief)Battle of the Alamo (_________________) There he destroyed about 200 stubborn Texans, including William Travis (“Victory or Death”), _________________________________. The battle cry "Remember the Alamo!“ “Death to Santa Anna” were heard across Texas.Length: ___________/ Texans not prepared

San Jacinto & Velasco

Turning Point of Texas Revolution:___________________________Led by ______________________________________________________(granting Texas independence)3 products:(1) __________________________(2) ____________________________________________(3) Santa Anna signed I under distress – didn’t respect it (__________________)Result: Republic of Texas / Lone Star Republic *________________________

Santa Anna after TexasAnnexation

• Post Treaty of Velasco

- ______________________

- Trick: He swindled his way past the

Americans into Mexico (Under Polk’s supervision - ____________________________) and

promised to sell out his country.

- Once Santa Anna returned, he rallied his troops to fight America in the Mexican-American War

Texas vs. U.S. Congress• Topic / issue: Texas wants to become a state!• Problem: SLAVERY!!!!!!!!! (KNOW THIS!!!!)

- ________ = opposed statehood & slavery- _______ = supported statehood & slavery- Others = feared war with Mexico- Congressional response: TEXAS WILL NOT BE

STATE, but will become the

****LONE STAR REPUBLIC (leader: ________)

Independence of Texas in 1836 (new president – Van Buren)

Texas becomes an actual state in 1845 (slavery is extended)

Texas is an independent country / UNITED STATES wants it (gets it with POLK)

Mexico reacts = ANGRY!!!!!!

1840 Presidential Election• Van Buren – _________________• William Henry Harrison (Whigs) from Ohio (winner)

– Battle of Tippecanoe– Battle of the Thames- Supported because he is

(1) __________________(2) __________________“Tippecanoe, and Tyler too”2 mains products of the 1840 elections(3) __________________________________(4) _______________________________ (Dem. And Whigs)Democrats – states rights (true Republic)Whigs – renewed BOUS, internal improvements, public schools and prisons, moral reforms like

(a) Temperance and (b) Prohibitionand the (c) abolition of slavery

_______________________________________________– peaceful border in Maine area between America and the British

Manifest Destiny

• God-given right to move West!Purpose: Expand Westward toward the (1) __________________(2) __________________Goals to spread:• ____________________• ____________________• MORE LAND!

Native American Opinion / European ideology / Justification of Manifest Destiny

I think that one of the things that happens in the process of conquest, the people of military power who conquer another people, is that, it stimulates a certain pattern of thought. It’s a very ethnocentric, European ideology, the ideology of the ideal. The Americans are now thinking that they are at the top of, at the forefront of the project of civilization. And the only thing that counts as legitimate are those things that contribute to its idea of progress. And of course Indians are not perceived to be civilized, or part of the story of progress. They were an obstacle, you had to clear them away, then you had progress. So what they called the movement west was, Manifest Destiny. Now there was a utopian ideology if ever there was one. What’s underlying that is the idea that God, or some power had designated this group of people to sweep across the continent. It’s their destiny to do this, and anything that stands in their way, like the idea that other people already own this land, have their own societies, in order to do it, you have to commit crimes against humanity. In other words, you feel you are justified in killing in order to carry out what must be what God, or whatever you want to call it, has ordained.

John Mohawk, Ph. D. Professor of American Studies SUNY Buffalo

GOING WEST

• Why go West???*Oregon Trail*• - _________________: (a religious family) Dr. Marcus Whitman

and his wife, Narcissa, set up mission schools to spread religion (____________________ and to teach them medical services.)

Whitman Massacre: Measles epidemic break out and the local tribe’s people died and the white people did not. The Whitman's’ are blamed and murdered (with 12 other white missionaries) by the local tribe and the mission was burned down

_____________

_____________________(________________________)(1) ________________(2) ________________________________ (1845)(3) _________________________________ (1848)OREGON COUNTRY: “JOINT OCCUPATION” (post Treaty of Ghent)

(U.S. and Britain) Why:***1844 Presidential Election***

– James K. Polk’s wantedthe “entire” area of __________ to be annexed into the Union***** ___________________________*****Polk’s SLOGAN for Oregon54 40 – latitude (Southern tip of Alaska)*Land above 49 degree line in infertile / givenTo the British

Polk’s Goals

(1) _______ ( _________ Tariff = lowered it from 32% to 25%)

(2) _________________the independent treasury (vaults) that the Whigs denied under Harrison

(3) Get ________________

(4) Get ________________ (whole)

POLK WANTS CALIFORNIA• Sends ______________ (1845) to Mexico with $25 million to offer to Santa

Anna for Mexico.• Santa Anna turns him away• Polk takes action

- sends U.S. troops to the Rio Grande River (_________) to fight Mexico….Santa Anna argues that the Rio Grande River was NOT the border

Reasons:

(1) ____________________= Future Gateway to the Pacific

(2) Britain wanted to seize California – direct violation of the Monroe Doctrine (1823)

MEXICAN – AMERICAN WAR(____________________)

• U.S. = border was ______________• Mexico = border was ______________

***********Cause of War with Mexico = Boundary Issues lead to theMEXICAN WAR (1846-1848)

(U.S. vs. Mexico)*Mexican War and Texas Revolution – two separate events

BOUNDARIES *Jackson tells cabinet: May 9, 1846Fighting Mexico based on:(1) _________________________(2) _________________________Santa Anna crosses the Rio Grande(makes him the aggressor)April 25, 1846“American blood is shed on American soil” – PolkResponse from Lincoln (Illinois Whig) – _________________________*** Disputed Area: ____________________________________________

3 goals of the Mexican-American War

1st goal: _________________- ___________________(Long Marcher) – marched from New Mexico to San Diego to

claim California for the U.S. – tried to rid California of Mexican soldiers- __________________________- 1, 700 soldiers from Ft. Leavenworth on the Santa Fe Trail- Helper – John C. Fremont

2nd goal: _______________(Hero: Zachary Taylor – ________________(1847) / blocks Rio Grande)

3rd goal: __________________________(Hero: Winfield Scott and Nicholas Trist)

* Trist and Polk work out a deal with Santa Anna (Armistice for $10,000)

What OFFICIALLY ends the Mexican War?????

******_________________________********

(1) _________________________

(2)Rio Grande River will be the __________ between United States and Mexico

(3) _______________(established the southeastern part of U.S.)

*$_____________Legacy of Mexican-American War:

________________________________________________

*remember: Monroe Doctrine

_________________(1853)

*******MAIN PURPOSE**********– To build a _____________________from

New Orleans the Pacific Ocean – Guidelines:

• Congress spent an

additional $10 million

for a small strip of land to in order to

“build a railroad and

complete the continental U.S.”

Gadsden Purchase

• Secretary of War: ___________hired• James Gadsden to build the Railroad• *Location of Railroad: ____________• *Location of Gadsden Purchase:• ____________________________• - __________Northern border (size of SC)• ***Causes a lot of tension between the• North and South (come up later in ‘54)

Slavery Issue in New Land

• Congressman __________proclaims his

“_______________” – any land purchased or won as a result of the Mexican-American War shall be CLOSED to slavery

SLAVERY IS THEMAIN ISSUE!!!!!

1803-1853 Territorial Expansion• Directions:

– Rank AND defend 2 pieces of land based on how beneficial it was to America. Pick 2 more pieces of land and explain how ineffective it was to the success of American growth. Your choices should honor given events, themes, characters and issues at the time they were acquired. Total = 4 areas

2 = Most beneficial and 2 = Least beneficial– 1803 Louisiana Purchase– 1818 Upper Peace Treaty with Britain– 1819 Spanish Cession / Adams – Onis Treaty– 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty– 1845 Texas Annexation– 1846 Oregon Territory– 1848 Mexican Cession– 1853 Gadsden Purchase