Industrialization, Nationalism, Imperialism

Agricultural Revolution

• Crop rotation – system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

Industrial Revolution

• The shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine

Why England?

• Britain has all the factors for production – land, labor, and capital

Land• Water power & coal to fuel new

machines

• Iron ore to construct machines, tools, & buildings

• Rivers for inland transportation

• Harbors for merchant ships

Labor• Agriculture revolution

increased food supply while decreasing demand for labor

• Workers moved into cities to look for jobs

Capital

• Growing overseas trade

• Highly developed banking system – encourage investment in new machinery and business

Railway Age

1. Spurred industrial growth – cheap way to transport materials and finished products

2. Created thousands of new jobs for railroad workers and miners

Railway Age

3. Boosted agricultural and fishing industries – transport to distant cities

4. Encouraged country people to take distant city jobs

Effects of Industrial Revolution

Urbanization

• Movement of people to cities

• Number of cities doubled

• Many cities doubled or even quadrupled in population

Effects of Industrial Revolution

Large Middle Class (neither rich nor poor)

• Upper middle – gov’t employees, doctors, lawyers, managers

• Lower middle – factory overseers, skilled workers

Effects of Industrial Revolution

Working Class

• Poor living conditions – crowded housing, no drains, widespread epidemics (avg city lifespan 17, rural area 38)

Effects of Industrial Revolution

Working Class

• Work 14 hours a day, 6 days a week – same as working on farm but more dangerous

Effects of Industrial Revolution

• Demand for education - created demand for engineers, clerical and professional workers

• Raised standard of living

• Provided hope of improvement in people’s lives

Effects of Industrial

Revolution

• Mass-produced clothing

European Imperialism in Africa, 1870-1898

In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms:

“Scramble for Africa”

Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

Effects of European Imperialism on Africa

European powers engaged in a “Scramblefor Africa” starting in the 1870s. By 1890,

most of Africa came under European control.

By 1890, onlyEthiopia

andLiberia

remainedindependent.

The major European powers to acquireAfrican territories were Great Britain,France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal,

and Italy.

The Frenchacquired muchof northwestern

Africa abovethe

Sahara, aswell asCentralAfrica.

King Leopold, the kingof Belgium, ruled

the Congo like his ownprivate estate. Natives

that did not supply enough rubber had

their hands cut off. Whilethe king profited, the people of the Belgian

Congo suffered greatly.

The Britishestablished

coloniesin West Africaand along the

length ofmost of EastAfrica fromEgypt to

South Africa.

Sometimes European imperialists cameinto conflict with one another. Disputes

among the imperial powers were workedout at the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.

At the Berlin Conference, the remainderof Africa was divided up.

European imperialismhad many effects

on Africa. Europeancolonization had bothpositive and negative

effects on Africa.

A positive effect of European imperialismwas the introduction of modern

transportation and communication systems, such as telegraphs, railroads,

and telephones.

The introduction ofEuropean medicine and improved nutrition

led to an expansion of population.

However, there were many negativeeffects of European Imperialism

on Africa. African peoples were treatedas inferior to Europeans.

Europeans divided Africa and ignoredthe tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries

of the African people. This has led totribal conflicts in many African nations

that continue to this day.

Questions for Reflection:

• What was the “Scramble for Africa”?

• Why did the Berlin Conference occur?

• What European nations gained control of Africa?

• What were the positive effects of European imperialism on Africa?

• What were the negative effects of European imperialism on Africa?

Chapters 9-11Industrial Rev, Nationalism, Imperialism• 32 questions• 22 Multiple Choice (Chap. 9)• 10 True / False (Chapter 10-11)• 6 points each = 192 points• ***Homework project due Friday

12/21 for 100 points• 292 points earned this Friday!!

Test Review• Blue bolded concepts…like Urbanization,

Enclosure movement, etc…

• Inventors such as John Kay, Robert Fulton etc..

• People (Quotes) Alex de Tocqueville, Elizabeth Gaskell, Charles Dickens, Marx and Engels, Adam Smith, Jane Addams, etc…

• Child Labor Laws in England

Imperialism• 1850-1914

• A policy which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially

The New ImperialismCause

• Nationalism –To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade

The New ImperialismEffect• Colonization

–Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America

The New ImperialismCause

• Economic Competition

–Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies

The New Imperialism

Effect

• Colonial Economics

–Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies

The New ImperialismCause• Missionary Spirit

–Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world

The New ImperialismEffect• Christianization

–Christianity spreads to Africa, India, and Asia

–Kenya 78% Christians, 11 of 12 largest church in the world located in Seoul, South Korea (780,000 members)

Scramble for Africa

• Industrialization in Europe encouraged European nations to look for more resources for fuel their industrial production

Forces Driving ImperialismSocial Darwinism

• Europeans were superior due to scientific and technological progress

• Europeans believed they had the right and the duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries

Imperialism in Africa, 1878

Imperialism in Africa, 1913

British East India Company

• English company set up to pursue trade with East Indies, ended up trading with Indian subcontinent and China

• Ruled India from 1757 to 1858 – “Jewel in the crown”

British East India Company

• India became major supplier of raw materials for workshop in England during Industrial Revolution

• Traded cotton, silk, indigo dye, tea, opium

Impact of Colonialism in IndiaPositives ( T-Chart for pos and neg)

• Constructed 3rd largest railroad network in India

• Brought unity to connected regions

• Constructed modern road network, telephone, telegraph lines, dams, bridges

• Education, public health

Impact of Colonialism in India

Negatives

• British held political and economic power

• Restricted Indian-owned industries (textile)

• Emphasis on cash crops resulted in loss of self-sufficiency for people

Colonialism in Southeast Asia• British purchased Singapore and

build a harbor, becoming one of the busiest ports in the world

• Malaysia became huge exporter for tin and rubber

• British encouraged immigrants to move to Southeast Asia to work on plantation

Impact of Colonialism in Southeast Asia

Positives• Cash crops helped boost the

economy

• Improved communication and transportation with roads, harbors, and rail systems

• Improved education, health and sanitation

Impact of Colonialism in Southeast Asia

Negatives

• Immigrants from different regions creating a “melting pot” (or salad bowl?)

• Tensions between immigrants and natives due to race, culture, and religion